1. Suppression of inflammatory genes expression in the injured host intestinal wall during Mesocestoides vogae tetrathyridium larvae migration
- Author
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Taizo Saito, Katsuya Kitoh, Rinako Sugisawa, Toshiyasu Matsui, Yasuhiro Takashima, Yuji Taniguchi, Kei Hayashi, Jun Matsumoto, Tatiana Batanova, and Tokuma Yanai
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Bacterial Diseases ,Chemokine ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,RC955-962 ,Mesocestoides ,Gene Expression ,White Blood Cells ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medical Conditions ,Intestinal Parasites ,Caries ,Animal Cells ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Immune Physiology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Parasite hosting ,Immune Response ,CCL11 ,Innate Immune System ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Cestode Infections ,Intestines ,Cytokine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Infectious Diseases ,Larva ,Cytokines ,Female ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,medicine.symptom ,Anatomy ,Cellular Types ,Research Article ,Immune Cells ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,Inflammation ,Biology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Peritoneal cavity ,Signs and Symptoms ,medicine ,Parasitic Diseases ,Genetics ,Animals ,Blood Cells ,Macrophages ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Development ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Immune System ,biology.protein ,Parasitology ,Intestinal Disorder ,Clinical Medicine ,Parasitic Intestinal Diseases ,Digestive System ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Mesocestoides vogae is a cestode parasite of the family Mesocestoididae (order Cyclophyllidea). Its larvae, tetrathyridium, are approximately 1 mm long and 300 μm wide and infect a wide range of host species including humans. Tetrathyridium migrate through the intestinal wall to invade the peritoneal cavity. Despite intestinal penetration by such a large-sized parasite, symptomatic intestinal disorders are not common during the migration period. In this study, the dynamics of tetrathyridia migration and their pathogenicity towards intestinal tissues were examined in mice infected orally with these parasites. Most tetrathyridia were found to migrate through the intestinal wall, moving into the peritoneal cavity or liver 24 to 48 hours after the oral infections. Next, the pathogenicity of tetrathyridium in the intestinal wall was histopathologically evaluated, and tissue injury from tetrathyridium migration was confirmed. Inflammatory foci were observed as tetrathyridium migration tracks from 48 hours after oral infection; however, the number of inflammatory foci had decreased by half more than 48 hours later. Therefore, we examined the gene expression levels of the macrophage driving cytokine, IL-1β, and the eosinophil recruiting chemokine, CCL11, by quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. The expression levels of these genes in the infected group were significantly lower than those of the non-infected group at 48 hours post-infection. Although the immunomodulating ability of the excretory-secretory products released from tetrathyridium has been previously shown by in vitro assays, the significance of this ability in their lifecycle has remained unclear. In this study, we discovered that tetrathyridium causes temporal inflammation in the intestinal wall during penetration and large-scale migration in this organ, but tetrathyridium simultaneously suppresses the host’s inflammatory gene expression, might to be a strategy that reduces inflammatory responses and increases survival of the parasite., Author summary Excretory-secretory (ES) products are released by parasitic helminths into their migration sites and/or the intestinal regions they inhabit where parasite and host immune responses interact. ES products are release by a wide range of parasitic helminths, some of which are known to modulate the host’s immune system. Some ES products from some cestode parasites are known to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from artificially stimulated cells under in vitro conditions. However, the immunomodulatory properties of the ES products have only been observed with in vitro experimental models and the biological consequences of their potential ability to suppress the host’s immune system during the parasite’s lifecycle and how they affect host–parasite interactions await discovery. Our results show that tetrathyridium, the larval stage of the Mesocestoides vogae cestode, strongly inhibits the host’s inflammatory gene expression in the injured intestinal wall, and that the inflammatory hot-spots caused by larval migration disappear almost immediately after mice are orally infected with these parasites. The ability to suppress the host’s inflammatory gene expression when larvae migrate through and damage the host’s tissues is an effective survival strategy for M. vogae intestinal parasites.
- Published
- 2020