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Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCAB) experienced a resurgence in the 1980s -2000s and developed steadily with improvement of the instrumentation and techniques. However questions about graft patency and long-term survival of OPCAB patients still exist. This review attempts to explore the current relevance of OPCAB.

Background Lifestyle risk behaviours are key risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Some disadvantaged groups face particularly poor health outcomes, which may be exacerbated by high prevalence of risk behaviours. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and bring together evidence from systematic reviews on reducing risk behaviours in these groups and highlight where there is insufficient evidence to inform policy. Methods MEDLINE and Embase were searched up to October 2020 for English language reviews, with supplementary searching in Epistemonikos and Health Systems Evidence. Systematic reviews reporting behavioural outcomes of interventions targeting smoking, alcohol use, diet or physical inactivity in nine disadvantaged groups were eligible. Reviews of population-level policies reporting differential effects for these groups and qualitative reviews of barriers or facilitators to change were included. Literature was mapped based on the group and behaviour targeted. Results Ninety-two systematic reviews were included. The majority (n = 68) focused on low income or socio-economic status. Fewer reviews were identified that included prisoners (n = 14), deprived areas (n = 12), homeless people (n = 10), people with learning disabilities (n = 9), unemployed people (n = 3) and refugees or asylum seekers (n = 2). We identified no reviews on care leavers or Gypsies, Travellers or Roma. In total only 11 reviews targeted alcohol use. There were some gaps for specific group and behaviour combinations and no intervention reviews on refugees. Conclusions A number of gaps were identified, highlighting where new syntheses or primary studies could add value. For example, reviews on interventions in refugees, Gypsies, Travellers and Roma, and care leavers could be useful for policy-making. Other useful contributions might include an overview of the perceptions of disadvantaged groups allowing common barriers to behaviour change to be identified as well as factors unique to specific groups. Key messages Nearly 100 systematic reviews focused on reducing risk behaviours in disadvantaged groups; they addressed different combinations of behaviours and groups. Gaps in the literature were identified where new syntheses could make a useful contribution to developing programmes and policies.

Integrating notions of coopetition with social information processing theory, we build and test a theoretical model that explains the paradox that arises when prosocial identifying employees work in competitive climates. Sampling 406 subordinates nested within 91 supervisors over two time‐points, we show that the relationship between prosocial identity and interpersonal helping is stronger when competitive climate is low rather than high. We also find that competitive team climate positively relates to instrumental helping motives (i.e., helping others to gain something in return). In addition, instrumental helping motives significantly moderate the linkage between interpersonal helping and job performance as well as the indirect effect of prosocial identity on job performance via interpersonal helping such that the main and indirect effects became weaker as instrumental helping motives increased. Overall, our findings reveal new insights into how prosocial identifiers incorporate information from social cues to strike a balance between cooperation and competition.

Jonathan J Streit,1 Yousef Shishani,1 Mark Rodgers,2 Reuben Gobezie1 1The Cleveland Shoulder Institute, 2Department of Pathology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA Background: Bicipital tendinitis is a common cause of anterior shoulder pain, but there is no evidence that acute inflammation of the extra-articular long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon is the root cause of this condition. We evaluated the histologic findings of the extra-articular portion of the LHB tendon and synovial sheath in order to compare those findings to known histologic changes seen in other tendinopathies. Methods: Twenty-six consecutive patients (mean age 45.4±13.7 years) underwent an open subpectoral biceps tenodesis for anterior shoulder pain localized to the bicipital groove. Excised tendons were sent for histologic analysis. Specimens were graded using a semiquantitative scoring system to evaluate tenocyte morphology, the presence of ground substance, collagen bundle characteristics, and vascular changes. Results: Chronic inflammation was noted in only two of 26 specimens, and no specimen demonstrated acute inflammation. Tenocyte enlargement and proliferation, characterized by increased roundness and size of the cell and nucleus with proteoglycan matrix expansion and myxoid degenerative changes, was found in all 26 specimens. Abundant ground substance, collagen bundle changes, and increased vascularization were visualized in all samples. Conclusion: Anterior shoulder pain attributed to the biceps tendon does not appear to be due to an inflammatory process in most cases. The histologic findings of the extra-articular portion of the LHB tendon and synovial sheath are similar to the pathologic findings in de Quervain tenosynovitis at the wrist, and may be due to a chronic degenerative process similar to this and other tendinopathies of the body. Keywords: biceps tendinitis, biceps tendinopathy, tenosynovium, anterior shoulder pain, long head biceps tendon, histologic analysis

The July 2008 Vulcanian Explosion at Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat, was preceded by one of the largest seismic swarms observed since the start of the eruption. We analyse spectral and waveform properties of the earthquakes in this swarm and compare these observations to models of sub-surface volcanic processes. We observe an initial Volcano-Tectonic (VT) swarm, followed by a large LowFrequency (LF) swarm. We observe that the spectral content of LF events changes over time to carry more energy at lower frequencies. This shift to a lower frequency spectral content is concurrent with an increase in LF event rates. Ash-venting occurred a few hours before peak event rate. There was a subsequent increase in the higher frequency energy component of LF events, concurrent with a decrease in event rates. Seismic quiescence occurred in the final seven hours before the Vulcanian Explosion. Our observations of VT seismicity are consistent with a model of decoupled gas ascent prior to magma emplacement. Changes in spectral properties and event rates suggest changes in conduit properties and/or pressure changes during magma ascent and stalling in the few days before the explosion. This interpretation is supported by previous petrological observations. Our analysis of repeating earthquakes suggests that Hybrid and Long-Period (LP) events are part of the same source process and should not be considered separate classifications, at least at SHV. Our analysis highlights the potential of using simple spectral and waveform analysis for understanding changes in the magmatic system during transitions between quiescence and eruption.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing concern in ICUs worldwide. Infection with an antibiotic resistant (ABR) strain of an organism is associated with greater mortality than infection with the non-resistant strain, but there are few data assessing whether being admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with high levels of antimicrobial resistance is associated with a worse outcome than being admitted to an ICU with low rates of resistance. The aim of this study was, therefore, to compare the characteristics of infections and antibiotic treatments and patient outcomes in patients admitted to ICUs in countries considered as having high levels of antibiotic resistance and those admitted to ICUs in countries considered as having low levels of antibiotic resistance.Methods: Data from the large, international EPIC II one-day point prevalence study on infections in patients hospitalized in ICUs were used. For the current study, we compared the data obtained from patients from two groups of countries: countries with reported MRSA rates of ≥ 25% (highABR: Greece, Israel, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey) and countries with MRSA rates of < 5% (lowABR: Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden).Results: On the study day, 1187/2204 (53.9%) patients in the HighABR ICUs were infected and 255/558 (45.7%) in the LowABR ICUs (P < 0.01). Patients in the HighABR ICUs were more severely ill than those in the LowABR ICUs, as reflected by a higher SAPS II score (35.6 vs 32.7, P < 0.05) and had longer median ICU (12 days vs 5 days) and hospital (24 days vs 16 days) lengths of stay. They also had higher crude ICU (20.0% vs 15.4%) and hospital (27.0% vs 21.5%) mortality rates (both P < 0.05). However, after multivariable adjustment and matched pair analysis there were no differences in ICU or hospital mortality rates between High or LowABR ICU patients overall or among those with infections.Conclusions: Being hospitalized in an ICU in a region with high levels of antimicrobial resistance is not associated per se with a worse outcome., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alitretinoin for the treatment of adults with severe chronic hand eczema refractory to topical steroid treatment in accordance with the licensed indication, based upon the evidence submission from Basilea Pharmaceuticals Ltd to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal process. The clinical evidence came from a single placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial of daily treatment with alitretinoin for 12–24 weeks, with follow-up for a further 24 weeks, in patients with severe chronic hand eczema (CHE) unresponsive to topical steroids. A statistically significantly greater proportion of patients using alitretinoin achieved the primary end point of clear or almost clear hands by week 24 than did those with placebo. Dose-dependent headache was the most commonly reported adverse event in patients treated with alitretinoin. Serious adverse events were rare, but alitretinoin was associated with increases in both total cholesterol and triglycerides, which has implications for risks of future cardiovascular events. The manufacturer submitted a de novo decision analytic model to estimate, over a time horizon of 3 years, the cost-effectiveness of alitretinoin versus the other relevant comparators identified by NICE. In response to the points of clarification put to it by the ERG regarding the initial submission, the manufacturer provided additional evidence and a revised decision analytic model with a ‘placebo’ arm. In the manufacturer’s original submission to NICE, the base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) reported for alitretinoin were £8614 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) versus ciclosporin, –£469 per QALY versus psoralen + UVA (with alitretinoin dominant) and £10,612 per QALY versus azathioprine. These ICERs decreased as the time horizon was extended in sensitivity analyses. In patients with hyperkeratotic CHE and in women of child-bearing potential, the ICER remained below £20,000. When the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) values used in the model were replaced with those derived from an alternative study, these ICERs increased significantly (to £22,312 per QALY for alitretinoin versus azathioprine). In the revised model, alitretinoin was reported to have an ICER of £12,931 per QALY gained versus supportive care (placebo). However, the model underestimates the costs of treatment associated with alitretinoin. The manufacturer assumed that patients receiving alitretinoin visited the dermatologist every 4 weeks and ceased treatment as soon as they responded to it. If, in practice, patients would receive treatment for longer than this, then the manufacturer’s model will have significantly underestimated the costs to the NHS. Additional analyses undertaken by the ERG produced ICERs close to £30,000 per QALY gained for alitretinoin versus supportive care. This was largely due to uncertainty surrounding the impact of alitretinoin on HRQoL. The placebo-controlled trials conducted to date have established that alitretinoin can be efficacious for the treatment of severe CHE refractory to topical steroids, but longer term follow-up of trials or the implementation of registries is required to better establish the longer term efficacy or safety of alitretinoin. NICE recommended the use of alitretinoin for patients with severe CHE and a Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score of at least 15. Treatment was recommended to be stopped as soon as an adequate response was observed, or if CHE remained severe at 12 weeks, or if response was inadequate at 24 weeks.

The opportunity to obtain an independent legal consultation on a case protects the forensic mental health expert against being manipulated by the retaining lawyer. Such manipulation—also articulated as attorney seduction/intimidation—presents a serious threat to the integrity of the forensic process. A case study is presented to show how the independent legal consultation can save the forensic expert from being misled. The case comes from a workplace in which the availability of a legal consultant is built in. Some speculations are offered regarding the extension of this concept to settings not so endowed.

The following paper presents an overview of the Prometheus design system and its applications to gas turbine combustor design. Unlike a traditional “optimizer-centric” method, Prometheus aims to reduce both the level of workflow complexity and rework by taking a more “geometry-centric” approach to design optimization by shifting the control of script generation away from the optimization program to the computer aided design (CAD) package. Prometheus therefore enables significant geometry changes to be automatically reflected in all subsequent scripts necessary for the analysis of a combustor. Prometheus’ current capabilities include automatic fluid volume generation and aero-thermal and thermo-acoustic network generation as well as automatic mesh and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) script generation

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing concern in ICUs worldwide. Infection with an antibiotic resistant (ABR) strain of an organism is associated with greater mortality than infection with the non-resistant strain, but there are few data assessing whether being admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with high levels of antimicrobial resistance is associated with a worse outcome than being admitted to an ICU with low rates of resistance. The aim of this study was, therefore, to compare the characteristics of infections and antibiotic treatments and patient outcomes in patients admitted to ICUs in countries considered as having high levels of antibiotic resistance and those admitted to ICUs in countries considered as having low levels of antibiotic resistance.Methods: Data from the large, international EPIC II one-day point prevalence study on infections in patients hospitalized in ICUs were used. For the current study, we compared the data obtained from patients from two groups of countries: countries with reported MRSA rates of ≥ 25% (highABR: Greece, Israel, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey) and countries with MRSA rates of < 5% (lowABR: Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden).Results: On the study day, 1187/2204 (53.9%) patients in the HighABR ICUs were infected and 255/558 (45.7%) in the LowABR ICUs (P < 0.01). Patients in the HighABR ICUs were more severely ill than those in the LowABR ICUs, as reflected by a higher SAPS II score (35.6 vs 32.7, P < 0.05) and had longer median ICU (12 days vs 5 days) and hospital (24 days vs 16 days) lengths of stay. They also had higher crude ICU (20.0% vs 15.4%) and hospital (27.0% vs 21.5%) mortality rates (both P < 0.05). However, after multivariable adjustment and matched pair analysis there were no differences in ICU or hospital mortality rates between High or LowABR ICU patients overall or among those with infections.Conclusions: Being hospitalized in an ICU in a region with high levels of antimicrobial resistance is not associated per se with a worse outcome. © 2014 Hanberger et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

There has been a rapid increase on the number of engineering schools in higher educational institutions that have incorporated sustainability into their teaching. Nonetheless, curricula reforms are still needed to better educate engineers on the implications that their work has on the environment and societies in this generation and future ones. A step to facilitate this is assessing the contribution of engineering curricula to sustainability. This assessment can provide a starting point on how sustainability is being taught, and how this can be improved. This paper presents the results from the assessment of the sustainability content of the Civil and Environmental Engineering curriculum at the Georgia Institute of Technology using two complementary approaches: the Sustainability Tool for Assessing UNiversity's Curricula Holistically system and two students' perceptions surveys. The results from the curriculum assessment indicated that the courses addressed mainly environmental issues, and that the depth of coverage could be improved. The results from the students' surveys concurred with the curriculum assessment, although there were some differences in regard to social issues. Using both approaches provides a more holistic overview of the contribution of engineering courses and degrees to sustainability, and it allows detecting discrepancies between sustainability content in the syllabus and sustainability teaching in the classroom. The approaches can help to foster educational changes by: guiding university leaders in devising curricula reforms to promote sustainability learning; providing students with opportunities to reflect upon the topic; and bridging the gap between the activities being done at the university to foster sustainability and student perception of what needs to be achieved.

There has been a rapid increase on the number of engineering schools in higher educational institutions that have incorporated sustainability into their teaching. Nonetheless, curricula reforms are still needed to better educate engineers on the implications that their work has on the environment and societies in this generation and future ones. A step to facilitate this is assessing the contribution of engineering curricula to sustainability. This assessment can provide a starting point on how sustainability is being taught, and how this can be improved. This paper presents the results from the assessment of the sustainability content of the Civil and Environmental Engineering curriculum at the Georgia Institute of Technology using two complementary approaches: the Sustainability Tool for Assessing UNiversity's Curricula Holistically system and two students' perceptions surveys. The results from the curriculum assessment indicated that the courses addressed mainly environmental issues, and that the depth of coverage could be improved. The results from the students' surveys concurred with the curriculum assessment, although there were some differences in regard to social issues. Using both approaches provides a more holistic overview of the contribution of engineering courses and degrees to sustainability, and it allows detecting discrepancies between sustainability content in the syllabus and sustainability teaching in the classroom. The approaches can help to foster educational changes by: guiding university leaders in devising curricula reforms to promote sustainability learning; providing students with opportunities to reflect upon the topic; and bridging the gap between the activities being done at the university to foster sustainability and student perception of what needs to be achieved.

Land application of dairy slurry can result in incidental losses of phosphorus (P) to runoff in addition to increased loss of P from soil as a result of a buildup in soil test P (STP). An agitator test was used to identify the most effective amendments to reduce dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) loss from the soil surface after land application of chemically amended dairy cattle slurry. This test involved adding slurry mixed with various amendments (mixed in a beaker using a jar test flocculator at 100 rpm), to intact soil samples at approximate field capacity. Slurry/amended slurry was applied with a spatula, submerged with overlying water and then mixed to simulate overland flow. In order of effectiveness, at optimum application rates, ferric chloride (FeCl(2)) reduced the DRP in overlying water by 88%, aluminium chloride (AlCl(2)) by 87%, alum (Al(2)(SO(4))(3)center dot nH(2)O) by 83%, lime by 81%, aluminium water treatment residuals (Al-WTR; sieved to < 2 mm) by 77%, flyash by 72%, flue gas desulphurization by-product by 72% and Al-WTR sludge by 71%. Ferric chloride (euro4.82/m3 treated slurry) was the most cost-effective chemical amendment. However, Al compounds are preferred owing to stability of Al-P compared with Fe-P bonds. Alum is less expensive than AlCl(2) (euro6.67/m3), but the risk of effervescence needs further investigation at field-scale. Phosphorus sorbing materials (PSM) were not as efficient as chemicals in reducing DRP in overlying water. The amendments all reduced P loss from dairy slurry, but the feasibility of these amendments may be limited because of the cost of treatment.

peer-reviewed Land application of dairy slurry can result in incidental losses of phosphorus (P) to runoff in addition to increased loss of P from soil as a result of a buildup in soil test P (STP). An agitator test was used to identify the most effective amendments to reduce dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) loss from the soil surface after land application of chemically amended dairy cattle slurry. This test involved adding slurry mixed with various amendments (mixed in a beaker using a jar test flocculator at 100 rpm), to intact soil samples at approximate field capacity. Slurry/amended slurry was applied with a spatula, submerged with overlying water and then mixed to simulate overland flow. In order of effectiveness, at optimum application rates, ferric chloride (FeCl2) reduced the DRP in overlying water by 88%, aluminium chloride (AlCl2) by 87%, alum (Al2(SO4)3·nH2O) by 83%, lime by 81%, aluminium water treatment residuals (Al-WTR; sieved to

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe pregnancies in HIV-infected teenagers. METHODS: A review of the case notes of HIV-infected pregnant teenagers aged 13-19 years from 12 London hospitals was carried out for the period 2000-2007. RESULTS: There were 67 pregnancies in 58 young women, of whom one was known to have acquired HIV vertically. The overall mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate of HIV was 1.5% (one of 66). There were 66 live births. Median ages at HIV diagnosis and conception were 17 and 18 years, respectively. Sixty-three per cent of women were diagnosed with HIV infection through routine antenatal screening. Eighty-two per cent of pregnancies (41 of 50) were unplanned, with 65% of women (26 of 40) using no contraception. Forty-three per cent of the women (20 of 46) had a past history of a sexually transmitted infection (STI). In 63 pregnancies, antiretroviral therapy was started post-conception, with prevention of HIV MTCT the only indication in 81% of cases. Fifty-eight per cent of those on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) had an undetectable HIV viral load by delivery. Eighty-seven per cent were uncomplicated pregnancies. Seventy-one per cent delivered by Caesarean section and 21% (14 of 64) had a preterm delivery (

This report summarizes the activities of the SM and NLO Multileg Working Group of the Workshop "Physics at TeV Colliders", Les Houches, France 8-26 June, 2009.

The aim of this study was to examine the seasonal variation in biomass, total nitrogen (Tot-N) and total phosphorus (Tot-P) content of Phragmites australis in a 3-cell free-water surface (FWS) constructed wetland in western Ireland and to investigate the effects of harvesting on their biomass and nutrient content. One cell of the wetland was divided into two plots: one plot, measuring 80 m2, was completely harvested on the 16th June, 2005, while the other plot, the control plot, remained uncut throughout the study duration. At approximately monthly intervals over an 8-month study duration, completely randomised 0.64m2 areas within each plot were harvested to water level and the shoot biomass and nutrient content were measured. In the control plot, the plant biomass, Tot-N and Tot-P content peaked in August. In the June-cut plot, the shoot biomass, total nitrogen (Tot-N) and total phosphorus (Tot-P) content peaked in September. The mean rate of dry matter production (RPD), defined as the mean daily rate of dry matter production per unit area per day between harvests, attained maximum rates of 12.8g m-2d-1 and 4.2g m-2d-1 for the control and June-cut plots, respectively, indicating that annual harvesting of emergent vegetation may not have any beneficial effect on biomass production or nutrient content under Irish climatic conditions. peer-reviewed

Other funder Environmental Protection Agency

peer-reviewed The project was funded by the European Union Structural Funds EAGGF distributed under the Department of Agriculture and Food Stimulus Fund. The energy necessary to entrain soil in water depends on the soil strength. Once entrained, the settling velocity of the eroded soil in water is of fundamental importance to the processes of sediment transport and deposition. In this paper, stream power theory and transport concepts coupled with the equation of continuity were used to derive a transport-limited peat concentration. The ratio of the log of the actual sediment concentration in surface run-off to the log of the transport-limited sediment concentration was the index of erosion used. The value of this index is a measure of the sensitivity of peat to erosion by sheet flow. Four peats were subjected to a range of overland flow rates under two slopes in a laboratory flume. The peats represented peat farmed in a sustainable manner (Leenane), overgrazed peat (Maam), peat undergoing erosion (Newport) and peat which had undergone weathering following exposure by a landslip (Croagh Patrick). Both in situ and surface damaged slabs were studied. The results indicate that shearing and remoulding of a wet peat surface (e.g., by animal treading) and weathering of exposed drained peat surfaces predispose peat to erosion. Defoliation by overgrazing is considered to be of secondary importance. Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine European Union Structural Funds EAGGF

A stratified sand filter column, operated in recirculation mode and treating synthetic effluent resembling high-strength dairy wastewaters was studied over a 342-d duration. The aim of this paper was to examine the organic, total suspended solids (TSS) and nutrient removal rates of the sand filter, operated in recirculation mode, under incrementally increasing hydraulic and organic loading rates and to propose a field filter-sizing criterion. Best performance was obtained at a system hydraulic loading rate of 10 L m(-2) d(-1); a higher system hydraulic loading rate (of 13.4 L m(-2) d(-1)) caused surface ponding. The system hydraulic loading rate of 10 L m(-2) d(-1) gave a filter chemical oxygen demand (COD), TSS, and total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) loading rate of 14, 3.7, and 2.1 g m(-2) d(-1), respectively, and produced consistent COD and TSS removals of greater than 99%, and an effluent NO(3)-N concentration of 42 mg L(-1) (accounting for an 86% reduction in total nitrogen (Tot-N)). As the proportional surface area requirement for the sand filter described in this study is less than the recommended surface area requirement of a free-water surface (FWS) wetland treating an effluent of similar quality, it could provide an economic and sustainable alternative to conventional wetland treatment.

The energy and electron transfer processes taking place in binuclear polypyridine complexes of ruthenium and osmium based on the tetrapyrido[3,2- a:2¢,3¢- c:3¢¢,2¢¢- h:2¢¢¢-3¢¢¢- j]phenazine bridging ligand (tpphz) have been investigated by ultrafast absorption spectroscopy. In the binuclear complexes, each chromophore is characterized by two spectrally distinguishable metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states: MLCT1 (with promoted electron mainly localized on the bpy-like portion of tpphz, higher energy) and MLCT0 (with promoted electron mainly localized on the pyrazine-like portion of tpphz, lower energy). In the homodinuclear complexes Ru(II)-Ru(II) and Os(II)-Os(II), MLCT1 f MLCT0 relaxation (intraligand electron transfer) is observed, with strongly solvent-dependent kinetics (ca. 10-10 s in CH2Cl2, ca. 10-12 s in CH3CN). In the heterodinuclear Ru(II)-Os(II) complex, *Ru(II)-Os(II) f Ru(II)-*Os(II) energy transfer takes place by two different sequences of time-resolved processes, depending on the solvent: (a) in CH2Cl2, ruthenium-to-osmium energy transfer at the MLCT1 level followed by MLCT1 f MLCT0 relaxation in the osmium chromophore, (b) in CH3CN, MLCT1 f MLCT0 relaxation in the ruthenium chromophore followed by osmium-to-ruthenium metal-to-metal electron transfer. In the mixed-valence Ru(II)-Os(III) species, the *Ru(II)-Os(III) f Ru(III)-Os(II) electron transfer quenching is found to proceed by two consecutive steps in CH3CN: intraligand electron transfer followed by ligand-to-metal electron transfer. On a longer time scale, charge recombination leads back to the ground state. Altogether, the results show that the tpphz bridge plays an active mechanistic role in these systems, efficiently mediating the transfer processes with its electronic levels.

End of Project Report In recent times there is increasing interest in the hydraulic properties of free-draining unsaturated soils and on the fate of slurries, sludges, effluents and fertilisers applied to these soils. This is especially so where relatively thin soils overlie bedrocks such as limestones with fissures and solution channels (karstic aquifers). Irish soils are commonly gravelly and stony and present special problems in determining their hydraulic properties. In this project, various field and laboratory methods were employed to measure the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated gravelly and stony soils overlying karstic limestone with a watertable 25 m below ground surface at the Teagasc Centre at Athenry. In parallel with these measurements, cattle and pig slurries and silage effluents were applied at normal and very heavy rates in summer and in winter to a series of experimental plots. A chloride tracer was also used. Rainfall and soil moisture contents and hydraulic potentials of the soil of the various plots were measured. Samples of soil water were collected in suction tubes and analysed for nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N). In addition, samples of groundwater were taken from a nearby well and analysed for NO3-N and a number of other parameters. Finally, a finite difference computer model was used to predict contaminant transport to the groundwater. European Union Structural Funding (EAGGF)

End of Project Report The study comprised a field and laboratory investigation on the stability of Sitka spruce trees planted on a surface water gley. The field-testing was conducted at Ballyfarnon Forest in County Sligo in the north west of Ireland. Nine destructive monotonic pulling tests were conducted on trees selected from three different site preparations, namely, mole drained, double mouldboard ploughed and an uncultivated control. Dynamic testing, using a mechanical rocking device, was performed on a tree selected from the uncultivated control. A simple shear apparatus was used to conduct monotonic and cyclic tests on reconstituted samples of the Ballyfarnon soil. This allowed a comparison of soil behaviour under monotonic and cyclic loading. A computer software package was used to model the behaviour of groundwater for soil mole drained at two drain spacings. Results from this mathematical modeling were compared to experimental data gathered during a previous study. Results indicate that the use of mole drainage as a site preparation technique produces more stable trees than either double mouldboard ploughing or no cultivation. European Union Structural Funding (EAGGF)

International audience

We describe a patient with AIDS who presented with an acute encephalitis caused by infection with varicella-zoster virus. The hemorrhagic, necrotizing encephalitis had an unusual MR appearance, with innumerable discrete, small, targetlike lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere, which were coalescent in the posterior temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. Of the several known disease patterns of varicella-zoster viral infection in the CNS, this histopathologic pattern of multifocal leukoencephalitis is rare. It is important to recognize, as effective antiviral drug treatments are available.

This report summarizes the activities of the SM and NLO Multileg Working Group of the Workshop "Physics at TeV Colliders", Les Houches, France 8-26 June, 2009., 169 pages, Report of the SM and NLO Multileg Working Group for the Workshop "Physics at TeV Colliders", Les Houches, France 8-26 June, 2009

Volcanic eruptions are characterised by large-scale transitions in behaviour, which include the transitions governing repose to unrest, unrest to eruption, and eruption to quiescence. Identification of these transitions is a fundamental goal in volcanology. This thesis aims to explore the use of machine learning approaches which are established for the monitoring of critical systems, such as healthcare or jet engine monitoring, to better understand the timing of large-scale transitions in volcanic activity. The first research chapter is an application of machine learning approaches to better understand the timing of eruption end, which has no systematic definition. Multi-class machine learning methods were applied to time series derived from volcano-seismic data from two volcanoes with contrasting eruption styles: Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia and Telica, Nicaragua. The resulting eruption end-dates agreed with previous, generic definitions of eruption end and provide an independent constraint on the timescale of eruption cessation processes. The second research chapter is an extension of this methodology to multi-parameter datasets from the 2005 – 2006 unrest and eruption of Augustine, Alaska. Both multi-class and novelty detection approaches, in which models are trained only on non- eruptive data, are applied. The resulting transition from non-eruptive to eruptive identified from the modelling agrees with previous estimates of the timing of dike initiation prior to eruption. Additionally, I explored the use of different types of data and different seismic catalogues for distinguishing between eruptive and non-eruptive activity. The final research chapter is an application of deep active learning to automated volcano-seismic event classification. Active learning is the process by which a machine learning model actively selects the training data which it learns from. This approach has the potential to reduce the quantity of labelled data required to train a successful model. The deep active learning approach is applied to two datasets from Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia and Llaima, Chile. Active learning models performed better on unseen testing data for both datasets and achieved better performance during training for the Nevado del Ruiz dataset.

Introduction The aim of the present study is to examine gender identity disparities in different kinds of weight-related health behaviors, including physical activity, participation in physical education at school, and healthy and unhealthy eating habits, and to investigate the relationship between school safety and such behaviors in a sample of transgender and non-transgender students. Method We analyzed a statewide sample of 31,609 students (Mage = 14.04, SD = 1.70; 1.1% transgender). We used multilevel regression models to examine the interactive effects of gender identity and perceptions of school safety on the 4 different outcome variables (physical activity, physical education, healthy and unhealthy eating habits). All models included student- and school-level characteristics as controls. Results Findings indicated that transgender students, when compared to non-transgender students, reported (a) feeling less safe at school; (b) more physical activity, but less participation in physical education at school; and (c) both more healthy as well as unhealthy eating behaviors. Adjusted regression models showed a significant interaction between gender identity and perceived school safety on healthy eating behaviors; simple slopes indicated that transgender students have healthier eating behaviors when the school context is perceived as safe compared to those who perceived the school as less safe. Conclusions School interventions are needed to improve school safety for transgender youth and to reduce gender identity-related disparities in healthy eating and physical activity. Research implications and limitations are discussed.

In this talk we present techniques for calculating one-loop amplitudes for multi-leg processes using Feynman diagrammatic methods in a semi-algebraic context. Our approach combines the advantages of the different methods allowing for a fast evaluation of the amplitude while monitoring the numerical stability of the calculation. In phase space regions close to singular kinematics we use a method avoiding spurious Gram determinants in the calculation. As an application of our approach we report on the status of the calculation of the amplitude for the process $pp\to b\bar{b}b\bar{b}+X$., 10 pages, 2 figures; contribution to the proceedings of the CPP2010 Workshop, 23-25 Sep. 2010, KEK, Tsukuba, Japan