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Objectives: To provide recommendations regarding surgery, follow-up, and management of possible complications related to penile prostheses implantation, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: We designed a critical narrative review of the studies investigating the impact of COVID-19 on urology practice and on penile prosthetic implantology. A comprehensive search in the MEDLINE database was performed. Different combinations of the following keywords were used according to a free-text protocol:: "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID19", "COVID Urology", "COVID19 surgery", "penile prostheses". Papers in English and Spanish language, published until September 2020 were included in the review. Results: Penile prosthesis implantation is an elective surgery which should always be deferred when it cannot be performed in maximum safety conditions. However, it may lead to complications wich must be resolved urgently even within the COVID-19 Era. Conclusions: Currently, it is mandatory to develop shared strategies to avoid potential COVID-19-related complications for surgical patients. Penile prosthesis implantation should be deferred to avoid unnecessary risks and all preventive measures should be taken to minimize the risks in the event of non-detayabte surgery. (C) 2021 Asociacion Espanola de Andrologia, Medicina Sexual y Reproductiva. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

The Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ) is a 15-question self-reported questionnaire that evaluates the severity and physical and psychosexual issues of Peyronie's disease (PD) symptoms in three scales: "psychological and physical symptoms," "penile pain," and "symptom bother." Previous studies validated the PDQ US version and confirmed its test-retest reliability and responsiveness. The aim is to translate and validate the Spanish version of the PDQ to be used in the clinical practice and in PD research studies in Spain. A non-interventional, observational study with 160 PD patients was conducted. Patients included from four healthcare centers in Spain and completed the PDQ in two study visits separated for a period of 4-7 days from March 2018 to June 2019. Patients received no type of treatment or intervention. Different statistical tests were applied to the data in order to validate the structural and construct of the PDQ, as well as its internal reliability, temporal stability reliability, reliability between observers, and test-retest reliability. Cronbach's alpha over 0.9 showed good internal consistency. We found an ICC agreement of 0.82 (test-retest) for the three scales of the Spanish version of the PDQ, which demonstrates good reliability. When comparing Visit 1 and Visit 2 questionnaires mean scores, the PDQ showed non-significant differences, as expected because no intervention or treatment was administered to the patients between visits. Translation and validation of the PDQ for the Spanish population makes available a valid, useful, and reliable tool to properly evaluate quality of life of men suffering PD.

INTRODUCTION: Penile prosthesis implantation (PPI), performed with or without adjunct straightening techniques, is one of the available surgical options in cases of Peyronie's disease (PD) with concomitant erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of the study was to systematically identify and evaluate evidence regarding IPP in patients with PD and ED. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Using Cochrane's methodological recommendations on systematic reviews, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on clinical research regarding the use of PPI, alone or in combination with any straightening maneuvers in the treatment of patients with PD and ED. The search was carried until January 2020. We included studies in English language with primary population patients with PD and ED who underwent IPP with the intent to treat the PD. All studies that were not original clinical research articles, reported insufficient data or included fewer than 5 patients were excluded from the final analysis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: In total 43 clinical articles with more than 2000 patients (N.=2143) investigating the effects of penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) for the treatment of PD with or without ED were included in the study. Depending on the severity of the penile curvature, additional penile deformities (i.e. hourglass deformity), penile length, prior operations and surgeons experience, 6 main categories of surgical techniques of PPI for penile straightening and treatment of PD were identified: PPI only, PPI with modelling of the penis, PPI with plication of the penis on the convex side of the curvature, PPI with plaque incision(s), PPI with plaque incision/excision plus grafting and PPI with grafting and penile lengthening. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, patients with PD and ED can expect excellent outcomes with PPI against a minimal risk of side effects. No definite conclusions can be made regarding which technique is superior.

Objectives To comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of the hexanic extract of Serenoa repens (HESr, Permixon (R); Pierre Fabre Medicament, Castres, France), at a dose of 320 mg daily, as monotherapy for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). Materials and methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective observational studies in patients with LUTS/BPH identified through searches in Medline, Web of Knowledge (Institute for Scientific Information), Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and bibliographic references up to March 2017. Articles studying S. repens extracts other than Permixon were excluded. Data were collected on International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), nocturia, quality of life, prostate volume, sexual function, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Data obtained from RCTs and observational studies were analysed jointly and separately using a random effects model. A sub-group analysis was performed of studies that included patients on longer-term treatment (= 1 year). Results Data from 27 studies (15 RCTs and 12 observational studies) were included for meta-analysis (total N = 5 800). Compared with placebo, the HESr was associated with 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.98 to -0.31) fewer voids/ night (P < 0.001) and an additional mean increase in Q(max) of 2.75 mL/s (95% CI 0.57 to 4.93; P = 0.01). When compared with a-blockers, the HESr showed similar improvements on IPSS (weighted mean difference [WMD] 0.57, 95% CI -0.27 to 1.42; P = 0.18) and a comparable increase in Q(max) to tamsulosin (WMD -0.02, 95% CI -0.71 to 0.66; P = 0.95). Efficacy assessed using the IPSS was similar after 6 months of treatment between the HESr and 5a-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs). Analysis of all available published data for the HESr showed a mean improvement in IPSS from baseline of -5.73 points (95% CI -6.91 to -4.54; P < 0.001). HESr did not negatively affect sexual function and no clinically relevant effect was observed on prostate-specific antigen. Prostate volume decreased slightly. Similar efficacy results were seen in patients treated for = 1 year (n = 447). The HESr had a favourable safety profile, with gastrointestinal disorders being the most frequent ADR (mean incidence of 3.8%). Conclusion The present meta-analysis, which includes all available RCTs and observational studies, shows that the HESr (Permixon) reduced nocturia and improved Q(max) compared with placebo and had a similar efficacy to tamsulosin and short-term 5ARI in relieving LUTS. HESr (Permixon) appears to be an efficacious and well-tolerated therapeutic option for the longterm medical treatment of LUTS/BPH.

Background Dapoxetine hydrochloride is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and the first drug approved for the on-demand treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). Its safety was established in a thorough clinical development program. Objective To characterize the safety profile of dapoxetine in PE treatment and to report the incidence, severity, and type of adverse events. Design, setting, and participants We conducted a 12-wk, open-label, observational study with a 4-wk, postobservational contact. A total of 10 028 patients were enrolled, with 6712 patients (67.6%) treated with dapoxetine 30–60mg (group A)and 3316 (32.4%) treated with alternative care/nondapoxetine (group B). Interventions Treatment with dapoxetine or alternative care/nondapoxetine. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and concomitant therapy use during the 12-wk observational and the postobservational period were reported. Results and limitations The mean age for all patients was 40.5 yr. In group A, 93.0% of the patients were initially prescribed dapoxetine 30mg. Treatment options for group B patients included clomipramine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline, topical drugs, condoms, and behavioral counseling. Both treatment regimens were well tolerated. TEAEs were reported by 12.0% and 8.9% of group A and group B, respectively, with the highest incidence observed in patients aged >65 yr for group A (21.4%) and 30–39 yr (9.8%) for group B. The most commonly reported TEAEs were nausea, headache, and vertigo, with a higher incidence in group A (3.1%, 2.6%, and 1.0%, respectively) than in group B (oral drugs: 2.3%, 1.3%, and 0.9%, respectively). There were no cases of syncope in group A and one case in group B. A major limitation is that this was a nonrandomized, open-label, short-term study lacking efficacy data. Conclusions The results of this postmarketing observational study demonstrated that dapoxetine for treatment of PE has a good safety profile and low prevalence of TEAEs. Syncope and major cardiovascular adverse events were not reported. The high level of adherence by healthcare providers to the contraindications, special warnings, and precautions for dapoxetine minimizes the risk for its use in routine clinical practice. The current risk minimization measures for its identified and potential risks are effective.

La reconstrucción del pene sigue siendo uno de los mayores retos de la Cirugía Plástica debido a la complejidad inherente que conlleva el conseguir tanto la forma anatómica como la función urológica del pene. El objetivo ideal del cirujano al realizar una faloplastia incluye la construcción, en una sola etapa, de un pene estéticamente aceptable y con sensibilidad erógena y táctil, que permita al paciente orinar de pie y mantener relaciones sexuales. La multitud existente de colgajos que pueden ser utilizados para la reconstrucción del pene sólo demuestra que ninguna de estas técnicas se considera ideal. Sin embargo, el colgajo radial es el que se utiliza más frecuentemente y es considerado universalmente como la técnica estándar. Las desventajas relativas de la misma son el número más elevado de fístulas que aparecen inicialmente, la cicatriz residual en el antebrazo y las complicaciones urológicas potenciales a largo plazo. Presentamos una reconstrucción de pene realizada mediante un colgajo libre radial antebraquial con un nuevo diseño geométrico bidimensional que permite la creación tridimensional de un neofalo con excelentes resultados estéticos. Reconstruction of penile defects remains one of the greatest challenges in Plastic Surgery because of the inherent complexity of restoring both the anatomical form and the urologic function of the penis. The surgeon's ideal goals in performing a phalloplasty include the construction, in one-stage procedure, of an aesthetic penis with erogenous and tactile sensation, which enables the patient to void while standing and to have sexual intercourse. The multitude of flaps used for phalloplasty only demonstrates that none of these techniques is considered ideal. Still, the radial forearm flap is the most frequently used one and universally considered as the standard technique. The relative disadvantages of this technique are the rather high number of initial fistulas, the residual scar on the forearm, and the potential long-term urologic complications. We describe a penile reconstruction using a radial forearm free flap with a new two-dimensional geometric design that allows the creation of a three-dimensional neophallus with an excellent aesthetic result.

Introducción: La litiasis en la infancia es una patología en ascenso. En nuestro medio hoy en día se caracteriza por ser de oxalato cálcico y ureteral. Así se ha convertido en un problema muy similar al de la edad adulta, por lo tanto de está haciendo un esfuerzo para aplicar la experiencia y eficacia existente en ese grupo en la edad pediátrica. La litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque es ya la primera opción terapéutica y el abordaje endourológico debe convertirse en un procedimiento habitual. Exponemos nuestra técnica y experiencia. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de los niños diagnosticados de litiasis en el tracto urinario superior, tratados mediante endourología en nuestro centro, desde enero de 1992 hasta enero del 2005. De su historial clínico hemos recogido las siguientes variables: 1º Variables preoperatorias: Edad, sexo, manifestación clínica predominante al diagnóstico, tamaño de la litiasis en milímetros (mm) y localización de la misma en el tracto urinario (dividimos éste en 1.) renal, 2.) tercio ureteral proximal, 3.) tercio ureteral medio y 4.) tercio ureteral distal). 2º Variables operatorias: Tipo de intervención endourológica practicada, consideramos la vía de acceso: anterógrada o nefrolitotomía percutánea (NLP) y retrógrada o ureterorrenoscopia (URSC) y si se requirió o no la reconversión a cirugía a cielo abierto. 3º Variables postoperatorias: tiempo de evolución, presencia de complicaciones precoces o tardías y el estado del paciente en la última revisión en consulta, donde valoramos: situación clínica y la ECO. Resultados: En este periodo hemos realizado 7 procedimientos endourológicos en 6 pacientes, 4 niños y 2 niñas. La mediana de edad es de 4 años con un rango de 2,5-13 años. La manifestación clínica más frecuente fue el dolor lumboabdominal (4/7). La hematuria macroscópica y una infección del tracto urinario fueron las otras formas de presentación. El tamaño de los cálculos oscilaba entre 4 y 7 mm, con la excepción de un cálculo coraliforme. La localización de la litiasis en la vía urinaria fue: ureteral distal 5 casos, ureteral proximal 1 caso y coraliforme el último. Los procedimientos que hemos realizado son: una NLP para el tratamiento del cálculo coraliforme y 6 URSC. Con el acceso percutáneo se consiguió la extracción de toda la masa litiásica. En 3 de las 6 URSC se consiguió la extracción de la litiasis completa y no se necesitó de ningún tratamiento adicional. Esto representa una tasa de éxito con ambas técnicas del 57% (5/7). En los 3 procedimientos restantes tuvimos que reconvertir a cirugía a cielo abierto para la extracción de la litiasis. Con un tiempo de seguimiento que varía de 1 a 13 años todos los niños están asintomáticos, la ECO dentro de la normalidad y con buena función renal. No han presentado complicaciones ni a corto ni a largo plazo. Conclusiones: Las técnicas endourológicas son factibles en la edad pediátrica. El desarrollo de material endourológico y la experiencia del cirujano son las claves para su desarrollo. Introduction: Urolithiasis in the pediatric age is a growing problem. In the developed world they are of calcium oxalate and in the upper urinary tract. It is very similar to the presentation of lithiasis in adults, so we have to make an effort to apply the experience in this age to the children. The shock wave lithotripsy is admitted as the first treatment for this pathology in the pediatric population already. The endourological approach must be use as a common approach in this group. We present our technique and experience. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive study of the children diagnosed of lithiasis in the upper urinary tract that were treated by an endourological technique in our centre between January 1992 and January 2005. We gathered data on: 1.) Preoperative: age, sex, clinical manifestations, size (mm) and position of the lithiasis (we divided the upper urinary tract in: renal, proximal third, medial third and distal third) 2.) Operative variable: endourological technique: percutaneus neprolithotomy or ureteroscopy. Reconversion to open surgery. 3.) Postoperative variables: time since surgery, complications and the current state of the patient (ultrasonography and renal function). Results: Seven children, 4 boys and 2 girls with an age range of 2,5 to 14 years, underwent operation using an endourological technique. Lumboabdominal pain was the main clinical manifestation (4/7). The lithiasis size was 4-7mm, with the exception of a staghorn calculis. The calculis were: 5 ureteral proximal, 1 ureteral distal and one in the kidney (staghound stone). We performed one percutaneus neprolithotomy for the staghorn calculi. We removed completly the stone and had no complications. The 6 other procedures were ureteroscopies. In 3 of them we removed the calculi (4/7 success rate of 57%). The rest procedures we needed to transform in open surgery. With a following time of 1-13 years all of them are asymptomatic, and with ultrasonography and renal function in the normal limits. We did see no complications. Conclusion: The endourological treatment for urolithiasis in pediatric patients is possible but must be individualized in each case. With the development of new endourological material and more surgical experience this technique will be to the reach of the most of the urologists.

Introducción: La estenosis de la unión pieloureteral (EPU) es la causa más frecuente de hidronefrosis en la infancia. El “patrón oro” para su tratamiento es la pieloplastia a cielo abierto, pero cada vez están más en auge los procedimientos mínimamente invasivos. Presentamos nuestra serie de EPU en edad pediátrica tratados endourológicamente y revisamos la literatura. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de los niños diagnosticados de EPU, que han recibido tratamiento vía endourológica en nuestro centro, en el intervalo de tiempo comprendido de enero1998-enero2005. Recogemos las variables en 3 periodos según un criterio cronológico: 1º Prequirúrgico: edad, sexo, tratamiento previo o no, ecografía (ECO) y renograma isotópico diurético con mercaptoacetiltriglicina (MAG-3) previos a la intervención. 2º Quirúrgico: tipo de procedimiento. 3º Postquirúrgico. tiempo de evolución, recidiva o no y tratamiento de la misma y estado actual valorando estado clínico, ECO y MAG3. Resultados: 7 niños han sido intervenidos mediante técnica endourológica en este periodo, con un rango de edad de 13 meses-168 meses. En 5 de ellos se realizó como tratamiento secundario tras pieloplastia abierta, y en dos como tratamiento primario. La ECO previa mostraba: hidronefrosis grado III en 3, y IV en 4 (según clasificación de la Sociedad de Urología Fetal) y en el renograma isotópico las curvas de eliminación según el patrón de O´Reilly eran 6 tipo II y 1 tipo IIIb. Se realizaron: 3 endopielotomías percutáneas. Vía retrógrada 3 dilataciones con balón y un Acucise. Con un tiempo medio de seguimiento de 37 meses, se han evidenciado que 5 están asintomáticos y sin evidencia de recidiva (71% de éxito). Existen 2 recidivas (ambos tratamientos secundarios), uno vía retrógrada (dilatación con balón) y el otro anterógrada. Conclusiones: El tratamiento de la EPU en la edad pediátrica vía endourológica, es factible pero se debe individualizar en cada caso. Estudios prospectivos de mayor tamaño deben ser realizados para poder extraer conclusiones. Endourological treatment of pelviureteric junction obstruction in paediatric patients: our experience. Introduction. Pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in the infancy. The gold standard of treatment is open pyeloplasty, but there is an ever greater tendency towards minimally invasive procedures. We present our serie of paediatric patients with endourologically treated PUJ obstruction, together with a review of the literature. Material and methods: Retrospective, descriptive study of the children diagnosed of PUJ obstruction who were treated by an endourological technique in our centre between January 1988 and January 2005. We gathered data on 3 periods of time:1st. Presurgical: age, sex, previous treatment, ultrasound (USS) and nuclear medicine (MAG-3) studies; 2nd. Surgical: type of procedure; 3rd. Surgical: recurrence or not and its treatment, and the current state of the patient. Results: Seven children, with an age range of 13 months to 14 years, underwent operation using an endourological technique. The treatment was secondary in five of these patients, after open pyeloplasty, and was primary in 2 cases. The preoperative USS showed grade III dilatation in 3 and grade IV dilatation in 4, and the MAG-3 study showed type II curves in 6 and a type IIIb curve in 1. Three percutaneous endopyelotomies were performed and, by the retrograde approach, 3 balloon dilatations and one Acucise. With a mean follow-up of 37 months, 2 cases of recurrence (both in patients receiving secondary treatment) have been observed, one in whom a retrograde technique (balloon dilatation) was used and the other in a patient treated by an antegrade technique. The remaining five patients are asymptomatic and show no evidence of recurrence (71% of the patients). Conclusion: The endourological treatment of PUJ obstruction in paediatric patients is possible but must be individualised in each case. Larger, prospective studies need to be performed in order to reach conclusions.

La megalouretra es una malformación congénita muy poco frecuente. Se produce como consecuencia de la falta de desarrollo del cuerpo esponjoso y en ocasiones también de los cuerpos cavernosos. Es frecuente su asociación con otras malformaciones del tracto urinario, y con el síndrome de Prune Belly. Presentamos un caso excepcional por su asociación con síndrome de VACTER y estenosis de uretra bulbar. The megalourethra is an uncommon congenital anomally. It is a consecuence of the abnormal development of the corpus spongiosum and, occasionally, also the abnormal development of the corpora cavernosum. It is specially common in association with the Prune-Belly syndrome, and with upper tract abnormalities. We present a bizarre case because of its association with a VACTER syndrome.

La brucelosis es una zoonosis poco frecuente, aunque es endémica en España. Suele manifestarse como una enfermedad sistémica con presentación aguda o crónica, en ocasiones lo hace de manera localizada afectando a uno o varios aparatos. La presentación focal más frecuente es la forma osteoarticular. Ésta se puede complicar en ocasiones con abscesos para-perivertebrales, la afectación del psoas unilateral es rara y en casos excepcionales existe extensión a ambos músculos bilateralmente. Las manifestaciones clínicas de los abscesos de psoas(AP) suelen ser insidiosas, es infrecuente la aparición de la triada clásica de fiebre, dolor lumbar e impotencia funcional. Para el diagnóstico son necesarias las pruebas serológicas y medios de cultivo. El uso extendido de la Ecografía (ECO) y la Tomografía Axial Computerizada (TAC) ha mejorado el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las complicaciones. El tratamiento de elección es antibiótico y se basa en el uso de tetraciclinas y estreptomicina. En ocasiones se hace necesaria la punción percutánea o drenaje abierto de los abscesos. Presentamos un caso de AP brucelósico bilateral y revisamos la bibliografía. The Brucellosis is a zoonotic and unfrequent infection but it is endemic in Spain. It is a well documented cause of fever of unknown origin with varied and nonspecific symptoms. The onset of symptoms of brucellosis may be abrupt or insidious, developing over several days to weeks. Virtually any organ system can be involved with brucellosis and localization of the process may cause focal symptoms. The most frequent focal presentation is the osteoarthicular. Some times it can complicates with paraperivertebral abscess. The unilateral psoas abscess(PA) is uncommon and the bilateral afection is exceptional. The manifestations of PA usually are insidious, the classic tiad of: feber, lumbar pain and functional impotence is rare. For the diagnosis the serologyc tests and cultures are necesary. The imagin tecniques like: Ultrasonography and Tomography have improved the diagnosis and treatment of this patologys´ complications. The recomended therapy is the use of doxycicline and streptomicine. Some times the use of percutaneus drainage or open surgery is necesary.

Background and Purpose: Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a frequent side effect associated with radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa). Some studies have showed the benefit associated with preoperative sexual rehabilitation (prehabilitation) and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for RP, but no clear clinical recommendations are available yet. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review on sexual prehabilitation prior to RP for patients with a localized PCa and analyze the impact on postoperative sexual health compared with the standard post-operative care.Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) recommendations.Results: Four randomized control trials and one retrospective comparative study were included in the analyses. Three of the five studies showed an improved EF recovery post-RP in the prehabilitation group compared to the standard of care represented by: higher International Index of Erectile Function 5 score (IIEF5) or IIEF score (p < 0.0001) and a higher percentage of patients reporting return of EF based on the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) (56 vs. 24%, p = 0.007). Self-confidence, therapeutic alliance, and adherence to treatment were stronger for patients with preoperative consultations (p < 0.05) and EF recovery was better in cases of a higher number of follow-up visits (OR 4–5 visits vs. 1:12.19, p = 0.002).Discussion: Despite heterogenous methods and high risks of bias in this systematic review, starting sexual rehabilitation prior to surgery seems to ensure better EF recovery. This prehabilitation should include information of both the patient and his or her partner, with a closer follow up and the use of a multimodal treatment approach that still remains to be defined and validated (oral medication, vacuum devices, pelvic floor muscle training, etc.).

Introduction: Several urological conditions that share an impairment of tissue oxygenation can benefit from hyperbaric oxygen therapy; limited evidence is available of its impact on patients undergoing male-to-female gender affirmation surgery. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as adjuvant treatment for surgical site infections in patients undergoing male-to-female gender affirmation surgery. Methods: This research was conducted as an observational retrospective study. Patients undergoing male-to-female gender affirmation surgery at the principal investigators’ institution from January 2009 to September 2019, with a discharge diagnosis of complicated superficial or deep wound infections, were included. All patients underwent standard management of wound infection. Subjects received/not-received hyperbaric oxygen therapy at the surgeon's discretion and were assigned to the hyperbaric oxygen therapy versus non-hyperbaric oxygen therapy group accordingly. Complete wound healing rate (primary outcome), duration of antibiotic therapy, perineal drain time, bladder catheter time, and hospital stay were recorded. All adverse events that occurred during the study period were described. Results: A total of 156 patients underwent male-to-female gender affirmation surgery in the study period. Thirty-three patients were enrolled. Fifteen subjects belonged to the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group, the other 18 to the non-hyperbaric oxygen therapy group. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups at baseline. Penile inversion vaginoplasty and intestinal vaginoplasty were performed in nine (60%) and six (40%) patients of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group. Only penile inversion vaginoplasty was performed in subjects of the non-hyperbaric oxygen therapy group. Complete wound healing was obtained in 15 patients (100%) of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group and 17 patients (94.4%) of the non-hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (p=0.35). Duration of antibiotic therapy, perineal drain time, bladder catheter time, and hospital stay were significantly lower in the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (p&nbsp

Context: Several sexual side effects, including erectile, ejaculatory, and orgasmic dysfunction, were reported with the majority of surgical procedures for benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). Objective: To systematically review current evidence regarding the impact of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) surgery on sexual function. Evidence acquisition: A comprehensive bibliographic search on the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was conducted in July 2021. The population, intervention, comparator, and outcome (PICO) model was used to define study eligibility. Studies were Included if they assessed patients with BPO and related lower urinary tract symptoms (P) undergoing BPH surgery (I) with or without a comparison between surgical treatments (C) evaluating the impact on sexual function (O). Retrospective and prospective primary studies were included. A pooled analysis was conducted on studies including the postoperative assessment of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5, Male Sexual Health Questionnaire-Ejaculatory Dysfunction (MSHQ-EjD; Function and/or Bother), or retrograde ejaculation (RE) rate (PROSPERO database ID: CRD42020177907). Evidence synthesis: A total of 151 studies investigating 20 531 patients were included. Forty-eight randomized controlled trials evaluating 5045 individuals were eligible for the meta-analysis. In most studies (122, 80.8%), only erectile and/or ejaculatory function was evaluated. A substantial number of articles (67, 44.4%) also used nonvalidated tools to evaluate erectile and/or ejaculatory function. The pooled analysis showed no statistically significant changes in IIEF-5 score compared with baseline for the transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP; weighted mean difference [WMD] 0.76 pts; 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.1, 1.62; p = 0.08), laser procedure (WMD 0.33 pts; 95% CI –0.1, 0.77; p = 0.13), and minimally invasive treatment (WMD –1.37 pts; 95% CI –3.19, 0.44; p = 0.14) groups. A statistically significantly higher rate of RE was found after TURP (risk ratio [RR] 13.31; 95% CI 8.37, 21.17; p < 0.00001), other electrosurgical procedures (RR 34.77; 95% CI 10.58, 127.82; p < 0.00001), and the entire laser group (RR 17.37; 95% CI 5.93, 50.81; p < 0.00001). No statistically significant increase in RE rate was described after most of the minimally invasive procedures (p > 0.05). The pooled analysis of MSHQ-EjD scores was possible only for prostatic urethral lift, showing no statistically significant difference between baseline and post-treatment MSHQ-EjD Function scores (WMD –0.80 pts; 95% CI –2.41, 0.81; p = 0.33), but postoperative MSHQ-EjD Bother scores were significantly higher (WMD 0.76 pts; 95% CI 0.22, 1.30; p = 0.006). Conclusions: Erectile function appears to be unaffected by most surgical procedures for BPO. RE is a very common adverse event of BPH surgery, although emerging minimally invasive surgical procedures could be associated with a lower risk. Patient summary: Benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery can have an impact on sexual function, mainly involving ejaculatory function.

Background A xenograft consisting of equine collagen coated with human fibrinogen and thrombin (TachoSil; Baxter, CA) has recently been introduced in grafting procedures for Peyronie’s disease (PD). Aim To describe the results of a multicenter prospective registry on patients with PD undergoing plaque incision or and grafting (PIG) or plaque excision and grafting (PEG) with collagen fleece TachoSil, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this procedure. Methods A prospective non-controlled multicenter study of patients with PD was performed between May 2016 and March 2018. Patients from 10 centers with stable PD for at least 3 months, difficulties in sexual intercourse, normal erectile function with or without pharmacological treatment, curvature >45°, and/or penile shortening and/or complex deformities were included. All patients underwent PIG/PEG with collagen fleece TachoSil. Outcomes The main outcome measure of this study were penile curvature correction (intraoperative), penile shortening (intraoperative), erectile function with the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Erection Hardness Score, subjective patient outcomes with non-validated questionnaires, and complications. Results A total of 52 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean (SD) preoperative penile curvature was 72.8° (17.0). PIG was the preferred technique (80.8%). Intraoperatively, complete curvature correction was achieved in 92.3%, and no significant penile shortening was recorded in 80.8% of subjects. Subjective penile shortening was reported in 83.3% of patients at 6 months. No objective measurement of penile curvature and length was recorded during follow-up. No statistically significant difference from the baseline was found in IIEF-5 and Erection Hardness Score at 3 or at 6 months, although 16.7% of men experienced a worsening of IIEF-5 scores and 14.3% required de novo phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor use. 6 months after surgery, 78.5% of men were satisfied with intervention. Swelling and ecchymosis/hematoma were the most common perioperative complications (40.4%). 2 cases (3.8%) of wound infection were recorded. At 6 months, 35.7% of patients reported mild penile hypesthesia. Clinical implications Our results confirm the high success rate of grafting with TachoSil, and the surgeon perceived low percentage of penile shortening. Strength & Limitations This is the first multicentre study on patients with PD undergoing grafting with TachoSil without concomitant placement of penile prosthesis. The main limitations are the short follow-up and the relatively small sample size. Conclusion Grafting with TachoSil after PIG/PEG in patients with PD is an effective and safe procedure. Among the main advantages of this technique, there are ease of use of the graft and reduced operative time.

Resumen Introduccion La suspension de la mayoria de las cirugias electivas durante la pandemia por COVID-19 ha aumentado las listas de espera de cirugia urologica. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en la lista de espera de cirugia urologica en un hospital de alto volumen. Metodos Se diseno un estudio descriptivo observacional. Se analizaron todos los pacientes incluidos en la lista de espera de cirugia urologica de nuestro centro de alto volumen el 1 de mayo de 2020 (46 dias despues de la suspension de la cirugia electiva). Se registraron las caracteristicas basales, prioridad en la lista de espera, enfermedad urologica principal, tipo de cirugia programada y tiempo de espera. Otras variables registradas fueron la presencia de cateter urinario, el numero de visitas al servicio de urgencias, evidencia de infeccion por COVID-19, el numero de muertes y su causa. El tiempo de espera de cada enfermedad se comparo con el tiempo de espera para la cirugia en 2019. Resultados Un total de 350 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio. El tiempo medio (DE) en la lista de espera fue de 97,33 (55,47) dias. Los pacientes de prioridad 1, que normalmente deben ser operados en un plazo de 30 dias, estuvieron en la lista de espera por un tiempo medio de 60,51 (20,14) dias. Eran principalmente pacientes con litiasis ureteral (25,6%), cancer de vejiga de alto riesgo o musculo-invasivo (20,9%) y cancer de prostata de alto riesgo (13,9%). El tiempo medio de espera superaba significativamente el tiempo medio (DE) de espera para cistectomia radical (p = 0,04) y URS (p = 0,003) en 2019. Conclusiones La suspension de la mayoria de las cirugias electivas debido a la pandemia por COVID-19 tuvo un impacto significativo en la lista de espera de cirugia urologica de nuestro centro de alto volumen, especialmente en el grupo de prioridad 1.

In the present study we aimed to investigate the surgical outcomes of patients with persistent penile curvature (PC) after Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) intraplaque injections. Data from 90 patients with persistent PC after CCH in a multicentre study from 6 andrological centres were retrospectively reviewed. Three standardized surgical techniques were performed. Group 1: plaque incision grafting (PIG) with penile prosthesis implant (PPI); Group 2: PIG without PPI; Group 3: Nesbit technique. Hospital stay, operative time, postoperative complications and PC persistency/recurrence (> 20°) were evaluated. Overall satisfaction and functional outcomes were assessed through International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function (IIEF-EF), Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) administered pre and 3 months postoperatively. Of all, 25 (27.8%) patients received grafting procedure + PPI (Group 1), 18 (20.0%) patients belonged to Group 2, and 47 (52.2%) to Group 3. Bovine pericardium graft and collagen fleece have been used in in 22 (51.2%) and 21 (48.8%) patients, respectively. Median penile length after surgery was 13.0 cm (IQR 12.0–15.0). After surgery, Group 1 showed higher increase in penile length after surgery and better improvements in terms of PDQ-PS. In contrast, both IIEF-EF and FSFI scores did not differ among groups. Overall, 86 (95.6%) did not report any complication. 4 (4.4%) patients had PC recurrence; of those, 2 (8.0%), 1 (5.6%) and 1 (2.1%) cases were observed in Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3, respectively. In case of persistent PC after CCH, surgical correction by grafting with or without concomitant PPI or Nesbit technique emerged as a technically feasible, effective and safe procedure, with no significant postoperative complications. post-print 1243 KB

Introduction Despite the lack of guidelines, a wide variety of non-invasive and surgical interventions for penile enhancement with aesthetic and therapeutic purposes is available. Aim To systematically review the literature in order to investigate the efficacy and safety of surgical and non-invasive penile enhancement procedures for aesthetic and therapeutic purposes. Methods A systematic research investigating penile enhancement procedures was performed using the MEDLINE database. Articles published from January 2010 to December 2019, written in English, including >10 cases, reporting objective length and/or girth outcomes, were included. Studies without primary data and conference abstracts were excluded. The main outcome measure was objective length and/or girth improvement. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. Results Out of 220 unique records, a total of 57 were reviewed. 18 studies assessed interventions for penile enhancement in 1,764 healthy men complaining of small penis. 39 studies investigated 2,587 men with concomitant pathologies consisting mostly of Peyronie's Disease (PD) and Erectile Dysfunction (ED). 25 studies evaluated non-invasive interventions and 32 studies assessed surgical interventions, for a total of 2,192 and 2,159 men, respectively. Non-invasive interventions, including traction therapies and injection of fillers, were safe and mostly efficacious, whereas surgical interventions were associated with minor complications and mostly increased penile dimensions and/or corrected penile curvature. Overall, the quality of studies was low, and standardized criteria to evaluate and report efficacy and safety of procedures, as well as patient satisfaction, were missing. Conclusion The quality of the studies on penile enhancement procedures published in the last decade is still low and precluded establishing recommendations based on scientific evidence about the efficacy and safety of the available interventions to increase penile dimensions with aesthetic or therapeutic indication.

Objective To determine the role of penile Doppler ultrasound (PDU) compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in preoperative diagnostic evaluation of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods A prospective analysis on patients presenting with clinical diagnosis of penile squamous cell carcinoma from 6 different European hospitals between 2012 and 2014 was carried out. Each patient who had planned an organ sparing approach underwent an MRI and PDU both with an artificial erection with prostaglandin E 1. Age, evidence of MRI or PDU corpora cavernosa infiltration, frozen section examination report, definitive pathological report, and surgical approach used per patient were recorded. Accuracy, precision, negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Outcomes were statistically evaluated. Results Two hundred patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 67.35 ± 15.45 (range 51-82). All of the patients were treated surgically. Of the 200 patients, 135 (67.5%) underwent a corpora sparing approach, whereas 65 had a partial penectomy because of the frozen section outcome. About corpora cavernosa infiltration, the definitive outcome confirmed the frozen section examination. PDU vs MRI accuracy was 96.5% vs 90.5%; precision was 92.6% vs 96%; sensitivity was 96.9% vs 73.8%, specificity was 96.2% vs 98.5%. Despite sensitivity (P

Objectives To assess the feasibility and the safety of conservative surgery to treat spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma. Methods Patients undergoing inguinoscrotal exploration in 10 different Urological Centers with diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma were enrolled. Preoperative evaluation included physical examination, Scrotal US, Abdominal CT and Scrotal MRI in selected cases. Patients underwent organ sparing surgery or orchiectomy in case of intraoperative FSE was positive for a local infiltration. Data collected were: age, presence of infiltration, length of the lesion, number of lesions, definitive histological outcome, pre and postoperative testosterone level. Follow up was performed with abdomen CT scan and scrotal US. Results From January 2007 to December 2013, 23 patients (mean age: 64.7 yrs) were diagnosed with spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma. Each patients underwent scrotal US. 10 patients underwent radical orchiectomy and 13 patients underwent conservative surgery. Mean follow up was 36.5 months. 5 patients (21.7%) developed a recurrent disease, 18 patients (78.3%) had a negative follow up (mean time: 40.8 months). Statistical analysis reveals that there is a significant correlation between number of lesions, length of the lesions and recurrent disease. Conclusions Spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma is a rare disease. Conservative surgical treatment of spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma is a feasible therapeutic option for small, single and not infiltrating lesion.