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Automation has played a critical role in the development and success of the internet. As the internet has grown more complex, software developers have used automation tools to streamline tasks and minimize human error, leading to improved reliability and scalability. Two salient examples of automation on the internet include integration testing and AI censorship software. Integration testing is a crucial step in software development that evaluates the ability of different components to function together. With efficient and automated integration testing procedures, companies can detect and fix issues early in the development process, reducing the risk of problems arising later. Another example of automation on the internet, AI censorship software, is used by all major social media platforms to moderate content on their sites and to enforce their community guidelines. This automated software is often circumvented by censorship slang, a form of resistance that alters and disguises language to convey messages that might otherwise be prohibited. This undergraduate thesis portfolio contains a capstone report describing the author’s design and implementation of an advanced resource retention system for integration testing and a sociotechnical research paper that investigates the effect of AI censorship on internet language.

В статье рассматривается англоязычный компьютерный сленг как объект лингвистического анализа. Представлена классификация компьютерного сленга на основе сферы его применения, описаны функции и роль компьютерного сленга в общении. В работе описаны основные способы словообразования, характерные для лексики компьютерного сленга (сокращение, словосложение, аффиксация, конверсия, лексико-семантический способ словообразования), приведены примеры. Цель данного исследования – описать особенности англоязычного компьютерного сленга как объекта лингвистического анализа.Методы исследования включают наблюдение, описание, анализ и прагматическое описание языкового материала. Автор высказывает мнение о необходимости дальнейшего изучения компьютерного сленга, в том числе его влияния на другие языки., The article examines English-language computer slang as an object of linguistic analysis. It presents the classification of computer slang based on its scope of application, and describes the functions and role of computer slang in communication. The work describes the main word-formation methods, which are typical for computer slang vocabulary (abbreviation, word formation, affixation, conversion, lexical-semantic method of word-formation) and gives some examples.The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of English-language computer slang as an object of linguistic analysis.The research methods include observation, description, analysis and pragmatic description of the linguistic material. The author suggests the necessity of further study of computer slang, including its influence on other languages., Russian Linguistic Bulletin, Выпуск 5 (41) 2023

Данная статья посвящена рассмотрению вымышленного языка надсат, разработанного Энтони Берджессом, значимости употребления надсата в романе, а также в фильме, снятом Стэнли Кубриком. Вопросы, на которые отвечает данная работа, заключаются в том, можно ли сохранить надсат в кинематографе, соответствует ли роль надсата в фильме роли, которая была заложена в книге автором изначально и каковы последствия ее интерпретации. Результаты покажут, что без понимания надсата читатель/зритель не сможет понять основную идею, которую отразил автор романа, ведь именно этот уникальный язык раскрывает мир, изображенный в романе, и позволяет читателю понимать Алекса, главного героя, и его окружение. Но нас интересуют как понимает надсат читатель книги и как понимает этот же язык зритель известной одноименной интерпретации, снятой Стэнли Кубриком., This article examines the fictional language of nadsat, developed by Anthony Burgess, the significance of its use of in the novel as well as in the film made by Stanley Kubrick. The questions this work answers are whether nadsat can be retained in cinematography, whether its role in the film corresponds to the role the author originally intended in the book, and what the implications of its interpretation are. The results will show that without understanding nadsat, the reader/viewer cannot understand the main idea that the author of the novel has reflected, because it is this unique language that reveals the world depicted in the novel and allows the reader to understand Alex, the protagonist, and his environment. But we are interested in how the reader of the book understands nadsat and how the viewer of Stanley Kubrick's famous interpretation of the same name understands this same language., Russian Linguistic Bulletin, Выпуск 5 (41) 2023

Japanese slang or wakamono kotoba grows rapidly in Japanese and frequently found in Japanese media, such as in manga and anime. The differencebetween wakamono kotoba and standardized Japanese language forms and meanings becomes a problem in understanding the meanings of wakamono kotoba, especially for Japanese language learners. As an attempt to solve this problem, this study aims to analyze the forms and meaning of Japanese slang words or wakamono kotoba. The data were collected from Japanese comic titled Tokyo Revengers by Ken Wakui, and analyzed using the identity method and distribution techniques. The data of wakamono kotoba found then analyzed based on word formation theory by Tsujimura (1996),and to analyze the meaning of wakamono kotoba, contextual meaning theory by Pateda (2001) was used. The results showed that wakamono kotobacan be divided into five morphological forms including affixation, compound, reduplication, clipping, and borrowing. In terms of meaning, there arewakamono kotoba which still express the original meaning, while a certain number of wakamono kotoba have changed its’ meanings from their original meanings.

Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe-tipe bahasa slang dalam novel “Diary of a Wimpy Kid” oleh Jeff Kinney serta apa saja proses morfologis yang terjadi pada bahasa-bahasa slang tersebut. Novel ini berkisah tentang seorang anak muda yang bernama Greg Heffley. Novel ini dipilih karena benyak berisi ungkapan-ungkapan slang. Hasil dari analisa ditemukan bahwa: pertama, ada dua tipe slang dalam novel ini, yaitu common slang dan in-group slang. Kedua, ada 6 proses morfologis yang ada pada kata-kata slang tersebut, yaitu: inflection, clipping, coinage, compounding, derivation, borrowing, dan multiple processes. Kata kunci : Bahasa Slang, Tipe Slang, Proses Morfologis

Slang is one of language varieties used by a speaker in an informal communication event for specific purposes. It is used for the purpose of effective communication among a group of speakers; however it can also trigger a communication failure. Slang usage results in effective and fluent communication if speakers and hearers have familiarity and comprehension towards form and meaning of slang utterances, and vice versa. This study is aimed at describing the analysis result of Indonesian slang utterances based on morphological aspects and semantics which cover morphological process of slang word formation and types of slang meanings. The design of this study was qualitative approach with descriptive analysis method. The data were obtained from the recording technique/the inventory of Indonesian slang utterances. The list of slang utterances was comprised of familiar utterances and those used by Indonesian speakers during face-to-face or virtual interaction. Based on the analysis, Indonesian slang words were formed by morphological process and phonological structure change. Through morphological process, Indonesian slang word was formed by abbreviating first syllable in the first word and it is in the form of abbreviation. In addition, slang word formation through phonological structure change covered complete word reversal, syllable reversal, and vocal replacement. The meanings of Indonesian slang words were lexical, denotative, conceptual and connotative.

People worldwide must be familiar with slang because slang is to show the characteristics of a particular area or group (Slang-Wikipedia). Slang is unconventional words or phrases that express either something new or something old in a new way (Encyclopedia Britannica). Slang is usually not found in English dictionaries because each region has a different slang. There are five different types of slang, fresh and creative type, flippant type, imitative type, acronym type, and clipping type (Allan and Burridge). The function of slang is so that people can get closer to each other. There are seven functions of slang, to address, to form an intimate atmosphere, to initiate relaxed conversation, to show impression, to show intimacy, to reveal anger, and to humiliate (Hymes 1989). Because each language has different slang and its meaning, the purpose of this research is to analyze the strategy used in translating the slang in Little Women Novel by Louisa May Alcott. The purpose of this research is to identify the strategy that is used to translate the slang in Little Women novel into Indonesian and explain the strategy that is mostly applied in translating the slang. Using a qualitative method of data collection, the writer took 17 slang for the data sample. The data was analyzed using the translation strategy by Mona Baker. The writer found that the most used strategy to translate slang is paraphrasing using an unrelated word.

Статья посвящена одной из деликатных для обсуждения в обществе тем – теме контрацепции, связанной с темой безопасного секса и использования презервативов как средства защиты от нежелательной беременности и защиты организма от половых инфекций. Тема рассмотрена на примере разговорных и сленговых обозначений презерватива с акцентом на образцах рифмованного сленга, кодирующих средства контрацепции. Цель статьи – систематизировать и упорядочить рассматриваемые примеры по выделенным основаниям и представить дополнительную релевантную лингвистическую и социокультурную информацию по рифмованному сленгу. Примеры сленговых обозначений презерватива заимствованы из словарей общего сленга. Образцы рифм заимствованы из словарей общего и рифмованного сленга. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в возможности применения его результатов при освещении проблем эвфемии и культуры речи, в лекциях и семинарах по теории языка, лексикологии, стилистике, интерпретации текста, культуре речи и в практике преподавания английского языка., The article is devoted to one of the most sensitive topics for discussion in society – the topic of contraception, related to the topic of safe sex and the use of condoms as a means of protecting against unwanted pregnancy and protecting the body from genital infections. The topic is exemplified by colloquial and slang designations of a condom, with an emphasis on samples of rhyming slang encoding contraceptives. The purpose of the article is to systematize and organize the examples under consideration on the basis of the selected grounds and to provide additional relevant linguistic and sociocultural information on rhyming slang. Samples of condom slang are borrowed from general slang dictionaries. Sample rhymes are borrowed from dictionaries of general and rhyming slang. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying its results when covering the problems of euphemism and elocution, in lectures and seminars in the theory of language, lexicology, stylistics, text interpretation, elocution and in the practice of teaching English., Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 4 (130) 2023

24 p. -- Bibliogr.: p. 23-24 The city of London, as many others in Europe, has been home for many immigrant families all over the years. Through interaction between immigrant and native British children, new and ethnically mixed friend groups have been created in the inner city of London. Along with the interaction, English spoken in these groups, and English in the areas where these heterogeneous peer groups are, has changed. The changes that English has suffered are to be called innovations, and the new multiethnolect formed thanks to these young working-class varieties of speakers is called Multicultural London English (MLE). Multiple language contacts due to social interaction is what has made MLE arise, diffuse and solidify as a new dialect possible. Because of this, it may be said that children and adolescents are of the utmost importance regarding the creation of MLE, as well as any other dialect or variety. The purpose of this paper is to examine the development, formation, spread, and characteristics that constitute MLE, as well as the perception that the British media generate of this multiethnolect, which makes more difficult the acceptance of the inner London city's new variety. For the mentioned purpose, I have structured the paper into four main sections. The first section will be devoted to a quick overview of London's sociohistorical background. The second one will highlight the characteristics of MLE, and two experiments will demonstrate which MLE innovations are most significant among young Londoners and that MLE is an ethnically neutral variety. Thirdly, I will discuss the sociolinguistic factors in MLE and how all play a part in the development of a new dialect. Finally, I'll briefly discuss the British media's unfavourable attitudes regarding MLE. I will conclude with a brief summary of the key points of this paper.

В статье проводится сравнительный анализ профессиональной лексики в британском и американском вариантах английского языка.Актуальным представляется изучение механизма реализации профессиональной лексики британского и американского вариантов английского языка, исследование и использование на примерах англоязычных СМИ.Объектом исследования является профессиональная лексика (сленг) британского и американского вариантов английского языка.Цель статьи выявить сходства и различия, специфику употребления профессиональной англоязычной лексики.Вывод. Таким образом, профессиональная лексика служит для обозначения терминов, объектов, техники, тактики и стратегии, а также для сокращения времени передачи сообщения, профессиональная лексика постоянно обновляется за счет появления новой специальной техники., The article presents a comparative analysis of professional vocabulary in British and American English.The study of the mechanism of realization of professional vocabulary of British and American variants of English, research and use on the examples of English-language media appear to be relevant.The object of the study is the professional vocabulary (slang) of British and American variants of English.The aim of the article is to identify similarities and differences and the specificity of the use of professional English-language vocabulary.Conclusion. Thus, professional vocabulary serves to denote terms, objects, techniques, tactics and strategies, as well as to reduce the time it takes to communicate a message; professional vocabulary is constantly being updated with new special techniques., Russian Linguistic Bulletin, Выпуск 4 (40) 2023

Russian Linguistic Bulletin, Выпуск 4 (40) 2023

The article deals with English euphemistic lexical units in the nominative aspect. Peculiarities of using euphemisms instead of obscene vocabulary and their functions in the literary work are analyzed. Motivational preconditions for the use of euphemisms by speakers are considered, i.e. their intention to avoid taboos, the desire to be polite. Further study of the phenomenon of euphemism in English vocabulary can be carried out by studying the interaction of euphemism and slang, comparative study of euphemisms in the British and American versions of English. The urgency of the problem is that the functioning of euphemistic vocabulary in works of art is insufficiently studied in linguistics. The aim of the article is to study euphemistic vocabulary, its composition, its functioning in Ukrainian and English. The scientific novelty is that euphemistic lexical units are studied for the first time in terms of functioning and expression of emotions. The object of research is euphemistic lexical units used in the work of J. Salinger. The subject of the article is the role and use of euphemistic lexical units. The study of euphemisms and the taboos in two languages (English and Ukrainian) as one of the most common ways of linguistic representation of the magic function of the language is urgent. Investigation of the functions of the euphemisms itself allows us to substantiate the significance of the magic-mystical function and contributes to the contractual study of language units - euphemisms. The results of our research can be used at seminars on typology courses, stylistics, text interpretations and the theory and practice of translation. Among the commonly used euphemisms there are a large number of units formed by the method of phraseology. Phraseological euphemisms reflect the dual intention of the speaker: the designation of objects of reality and the expression of attitude to them with the help of expressive linguistic means and the substitution of nominations associated with negative denotation. Euphemisms for "incorrectness" reflect the desire of speakers to avoid insulting the interlocutor due to discrimination or violation of his human rights., У статті розглянуто англійські евфемістичні лексичні одиниці у номінативному аспекті. Мета дослідження проаналізувати особливості використання евфемізмів замість обсценної лексики та їх функції у художньому творі. Проаналізовано мотиваційні передумови вживання мовцями евфемізмів, тобто їх намір уникнути табу, прагнення бути ввічливим. Подальше дослідження явища евфемії в лексиці англійської мови може здійснюватися шляхом вивчення особливостей взаємодії евфемії та сленгу, порівняльного дослідження евфемізмів у британському та американському варіантах англійської мови.

The goal of this study is to identify gaming slang terms in the news articles of highly rated Russian media. Three online newspapers of various types were used as an empirical material: Kommersant (the first private business newspaper in Russia), RBC (a socio-political analytical newspaper) and Rossiyskaya Gazeta (agency of the Russian Federation government). With help of the content analysis of the media texts, all cases of using the slang gaming terms such as achievement, noob, easter eggs etc. have been discovered and described. The results of the study show that over the past five years the popularity of the gaming terms usage in the media has been growing; this increase can be described as a linear progressive growth: gaming slang is becoming an integral part of the Runet online resources and is gradually entering common vocabulary. It can be assumed that with the increase in the number of media managers from the generation of digital natives and their transition to the category of decision makers, the growth of gaming slang terms in online media will become exponential.

This study is conducted to examine colloquial expression in the movie script Ada Apa dengan Cinta I. Colloquial Language is the linguistic style used for casual communication. The method applied in this study is qualitative approach. The data shows that there are 28 occurances of colloquial expression in the movie script. The expressions involve five types. They are slang, jargon, provanity, contraction and idiom. The most dominat expression used in the movie is slang with 42.9% occurances. The second position is provanity with 25% occurances. Then, the next level is jargon with 17.9%, contraction with 10.7%, and the last is idiom with only 3.5% occurances. The result shows that the movie script presents a casual conversation. Most situation of the conversation is informal. Moreover, this movie script is identical with teenagers as the most characters are teenagers. The teenagers tend to use such casual conversations. Besides, the result proves that this movie script also presents a local dialect of Bahasa Indonesia. It is Jakarta dialect since the setting is in that region. Therefore, it is concluded that this movie is characterized with Jakarta dialect and teenager’s casual conversation.

This research aims to find out the types of idiomatic expressions and to identify the patterns of idiomatic expressions in the Joker movie. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method. In collecting the data, this research used a classification form, documentation, and monolingual dictionaries. The result showed that there were 4 types of idiomatic expressions found in the Joker movie; proverbs, clichés, fixed statements, and slang. The other types of idiomatic expressions such as simile, binomial, and other language were absent from the Joker movie. Moreover, the researcher identified the patterns of the idiomatic expressions in the Joker movie were; noun phrases, transitive verb phrases, verbal phrases, prepositional phrases, pair of words, and sentence pattern. The other patterns of idiomatic expressions such as be + prepositional phrases and alliterative comparison were not consisted in the Joker movie.

Este trabajo que se enmarca en los estudios sobre literatura femenina de origen magrebí (literatura beur, literatura francófona femenina y su recepción) explora el imaginario femenino de femme issue de l’immigration construido por escritoras francesas contemporáneas y de finales del XX. En él se analiza la construcción identitaria de la mujer de origen norteafricano a través de sus narraciones y de su expresión: escritura autobiográfica, usos particulares de la lengua francesa (argot y oralidad), los espacios privado y público, posicionamientos de sus protagonistas (aceptación, fingimiento, huida o desarraigo) a través de las cuales las autoras vehiculan sus denuncias. Cierra el estudio una valoración del reconocimiento editorial y la recepción de esta literatura por parte de la crítica. This work explores the female imagery of Franco-Maghrebi women writers who published their works in the 1980s and 1990s and those who came after. It analyses the identity construction of a group marked by ethnic duality through their expression and their narratives in which they stake their claims: autobiographical writing, particular uses of the French language (slang and orality), the private and public spaces and the stances of their protagonists (acceptance, pretense, flight or uprooting). The study ends with an assessment of the editorial recognition and reception of this literature by critics. Cette étude explore l'imaginaire féminin des écrivaines Franco-Maghrébines qui ont publié leurs œuvres dans les années 1980-1990 et de leurs continuatrices. Elle analyse la construction identitaire d’un collectif marqué par la dualité ethnique à travers son expression et ses récits, où les écrivaines véhiculent leurs dénonciations : autobiographie, usage particulier de la langue française (argot et oralité), espaces privés et publics et les positions de leurs protagonistes (acceptation, faux-semblant, fuite ou déracinement). L'étude comprend une évaluation de la reconnaissance éditoriale et de la réception de cette littérature par la critique.

The article considers the adaptation process of the loan interjection wow that was borrowed into Russian from American English in the early 1990s and at first was mostly used as slang, but later on it entered everyday speech. The research is carried out as a part of the project aimed at exploring the lexis of the modern Russian language, i.e. its main functional and chronological varieties and lexical categories with the use of “The Dictionary of the 21st Century Russian Language”. The novelty and specificity of the investigation lies in a comprehensive study of Russian lexis using a new approach “from dictionary to language” in contrast to the traditional one “from language to dictionary”. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the potential of this principle in practice, that is to describe some interesting phenomena in modern Russian using the material of several entries, – namely вау (wow), вау- (wow-), вау-эффект (wow effect), вау-фактор (wow factor) – selected from the dictionary mentioned above. This series clearly demonstrates the phenomena typical of modern Russian, that is the blurring of the boundaries between colloquial speech and other stylistic registers and the active interpenetration of words from one stylistic variety to another. The analysis of the dictionary entries revealed the gradual process of penetration of the interjection wow into the Russian language through its adaptation. It may be converted into a noun, a predicative or an analytic adjective, it may be reduplicated to indicate the intensity of surprise/ admiration, it may be used as a productive derivational element and even as a component of some special terms. This process is extraordinary for the Russian language, since, firstly, it affects one of the most stable groups of lexical items, and secondly, it is associated with acquiring a terminological meaning by a word component initially used as an exclamation to express a certain emotion. These new linguistic processes are largely due to the influence of the English language. This influence is so great that we can observe not only an active penetration of the Anglo-American interjection wow into the Russian everyday speech – emotive interjections were hardly ever borrowed – but also its integration into the Russian word-formation system.

Esh is an emblematic word and sound in global beatboxing culture. It may have developed from the vocal mimicry of a sound of a snare drum or it may have derived from multicultural youth slang in France. What is clear is that esh is now widely recognized and used as a lexicalized sound to humorously index cultural identity alignments, for example taking a stance of affirmative evaluation, greeting and identifying other beatboxers. We show in this article how beatboxers perform, narrativize and mediatize the interactive functions and cultural indexicalities of esh. This enregisterment, we argue, is schizophonic, i.e. esh is indexically anchored in a mimetic shapeshifting between humans and machines.

Video blogs or vlogs are stories of someone’s daily life visualized and uploaded via YouTube. It managed to increase the most video uploads on YouTube. To attract the sympathy of the audience, the use of informal language or a relaxed variety was chosen to be more communicative. The data in this study were taken from Ria SW’s vlog, one of the food vloggers with 2,700 subscribers. The use of two languages, Indonesian and English, turned out to attract and represent young people who are slang and intellectual speakers. Using two languages at once or referred to as code mixing, is a linguistic phenomenon that needs to be responded to using sociolinguistic theory to find forms of code-mixing in Ria SW’s vlog.The method used in this research was a qualitative method. Through these methods and theories, it can be seen that RiaSW’s use of Indonesian code-mixing. The type of code-mixing used by Ria SW is external code-mixing. The form of external code-mixing reflects the existence of high intellectual abilities and exudes moderate values. The form of code-mixing used is in the form of words, phrases and repetitions. The use of word types in code-mixing expressed by Ria SW is in nouns, verbs, and adjectives. The use of the noun form tended to mention the name of places and foods. The use of the verb form tended to invite, while the use of the adjective serves to explain the taste of the food. The causes of this communication strategy, the use of code-mixing in Ria SW’s vlog are to get good communication by using more popular terms and letting the viewers understand the speaker code and the foreign terms of the tourism sector.

In sociolinguistic studies, language is defined as a symbol system, in the form of sound, arbitrary, productive, dynamic, diverse and human. Understanding of language in the big Indonesian dictionary, understanding language in general can be defined as a symbol, and understanding language according to the term is a communication tool in the form of a system of symbols produced by speech organs in humans. Language is also part of culture and it is language that develops culture as we know it today. Language can also act as a tool for social integration as well as a tool for social adaptation, considering that Indonesian has a pluralistic language. Slang is the typical language of teenagers (words that are changed in such a way that it can only be understood between them) can be understood by almost all teenagers in the country who are reached by the mass media. Yet the terms are evolving, changing and increasing almost every day. Slang is a language that has unique terms, while the second definition is made clear again that it is teenagers who use the language and the language will continue to develop. As for the characteristics of slang, the factors that support the prevalence of slang among teenagers, the influence of slang on Indonesian and the impact of the use of slang.

Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 1 (127) 2023

Медиакоммуникация, прежде ориентированная на нормативное использование литературного языка, под воздействием блогосферы все больше теряет позиции носителя коммуникативной нормы. Усиливающееся в медиатекте влияние разговорности выражается в применении англоязычных заимствований, сленга и диалектных конструкций. В СМИ преобладает фатическая речь, целью которой становится не информирование, а развлечение. Для этого используются приемы инфотейнмента и геймификации.Медиаканалы в борьбе за коммуникативную нишу прибегают к речевой агрессии, постоянно меняя правила и порождая состояние коммуникативной неопределенности у аудитории. В медиасферу внедряются новые речевые приемы, выполняющие не информативные, а апеллятивные и манипулятивные функции, поскольку основной целью воздействия медиаканалов становится развлечение и воздействие на эмоции. В эфире нередко смешиваются тексты разной стилистической направленности. Это воспринимается молодым поколением, в отличие от возрастной аудитории, не как нарушение сложившихся норм, а как особая креативность. Можно сделать вывод, что в медиакоммуникации формируются модели псевдосодержательных текстов, нацеленных на фатическое общение, требующее лишь установления контакта, заполняющее вакуум в общении и помогающее коммуникантам демонстрировать их собственную значимость., Media communication, previously focused on the normative use of literary language, under the influence of the blogosphere, is increasingly losing its position as a bearer of communicative norms. The increasing influence of colloquialism in media text is reflected in the use of English-language borrowings, slang and dialectal constructions. The media is dominated by phatic speech, the purpose of which is not to inform, but to entertain. For this purpose, the techniques of infotainment and gamification are used.Media channels, in their struggle for the communicative niche, resort to speech aggression, constantly changing the rules and generating a state of communicative uncertainty in the audience. New speech techniques are being introduced into the media sphere that perform appellative and manipulative functions rather than informative ones, as entertainment and the impact on emotions become the main goal of the media channels' influence. Texts of different stylistic orientation are often mixed in the airwaves. This is perceived by the younger generation, unlike the older audience, not as a violation of established norms, but as a special creativity. It can be concluded that models of pseudo-content texts are being formed in media communication, aimed at phatic communication, requiring only the establishment of contact, filling the vacuum in communication and helping the communicants to demonstrate their own importance., Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 1 (127) 2023

В статье представлены результаты исследования механизмов пополнения, функциональных особенностей, тематических групп в сленге современной российской молодежи. Для анализа и сбора данных в работе использовался метод качественного контент-анализа документов, а также фактического материала, собранного на трех молодежных форумах, проходящих осенью 2021 г. в молодежном лагере «Дубрава» в городе Краснодаре. The article presents the results of a study of replenishment mechanisms, functional features, thematic groups in the slang of modern Russian youth. To analyze and collect data, the work used the method of qualitative content analysis of documents, as well as factual material collected at three youth forums held in the autumn of 2021 at the “Dubrava” youth camp in the city of Krasnodar.

This study used a combination of historical and contemporary corpora to investigate semantic change within the contemporary American English slang words swag, flex, and swole. This study involved two parts. First, it analyzed each slang term’s earlier morphological form through collocate and contextual analysis within the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA). Second, it examined each slang term’s contemporary use in context within the News on the Web (NOW) corpus. After a comparison of the conclusions drawn from each analysis, it was found that the word swag underwent the process of semantic change known as amelioration and the words flex and swole experienced metaphorization.

This bachelor thesis presents the issue of slang in the tram transport environment in the transit company of Brno and Ostrava. The aim of the thesis is through a questionnare survey to collect and subsequently analyse the expressions currently used in these environments. The methodology of the work and the research assumptions that will be used are described in the introduction. The theoretical part focuses on the stratification of the Czech language, a general description of slang based on the professional literature, and the ways of creating slang terms. At the end of this section, we characterize the slang environments and briefly describe the typical features of the Central Moravian and Silesian dialects, to which these regions geographically belong. In the practical part of the thesis, the collected slang expressions are presented and subsequently analysed mainly from a word-formation perspective. The practical part also includes a comparison of both slangs, as well as a comparison with slang used in the Prague transit company. In the conclusion of the thesis, the research assumptions that were set in the introduction are evaluated. A total of 391 expressions from Brno and 372 expressions from Ostrava were collected through questionnaires, mostly consisting of one-word names. These are...

Des scènes de supplice chez Baudelaire, Rimbaud et Corbière révisent le scénario idéaliste du pélican chez Musset. Rimbaud et Corbière repensent le modèle de L’Albatros, poème qui avait déjà un rapport avec « l’essence du rire »… comme la scène primitive qu’était La Nuit de mai. Dans Le Cœur supplicié de Rimbaud, le sadisme subi par l’albatros réapparaît dans des fresques ithyphalliques, évocation puissante mais obscure d’une agression sexuelle., Ordeals in poems by Baudelaire, Rimbaud and Corbière revise Musset’s idealistic pelican scenario. Rimbaud and Corbière rethink L’Albatros, a model itself concerned with "the essence of laughter"… as was the primal scene of La Nuit de mai. In Rimbaud’s Le Cœur supplicié, the sadism inflicted on the albatross reappears in the ithyphallic frescos of a striking but obscure evocation of sexual molestation.

The article aims to analyze some of the main features of the Olbanian language which became popular on the Russian Web during the period of the 2000’s, when the Internet had already become a relevant means of communication and it was necessary to transmit a maximum of information using a minimum of time. It was online communication that spawned the trend of mass language distortion to minimize the intellectual expenses required for writing. This was the main reason why the Olbanian words and expressions was widely recognized by Internet users. In the article authors trace the history of the Olbanian language and draw the causal relationship between the Olbanian language and the specifics of the era which spawned it. This is considered not only as a linguistic phenomenon but also as a peculiar sign of the time and one of the direction in which the regular Russian language started to change and adapt. As a result of the study of Olbanian as a linguistic phenomenon, the authors conducted a linguistic analysis of Olbanian words and expressions, which revealed such features of word formation as: frequent use of double letters, replacement of a sound with a correspondng one, transliteration of foreign words, acronyms of set expressions, merged spelling of phrases, reverse transliteration. Situations will be pointed out in which well-established Olbanian are used. It will be addressed that the distortion of the literary language occurs in other countries as well (in such online languages as English LOLspeak and German Vong-Sprache). After reviewing the examples of literary works in Olbanian, the article will conclude by arguing that they can be attributed to an entertaining genre, which is clearly relevant due to people’s attempts to move away from the established linguistic structure and rules of the literary language., Technology and Language, 4(1), 75-92

Peyami Safa’nın Server Bedi adıyla yayınladığı Cumbadan Rumbaya, doğu – batı çatışmasının Karagümrüklü Deli Cemile’yi merkeze alarak, mizahi dille anlatıldığı bir romandır. Romanda, Cemile’nin Karagümrük mahallesindeki “geleneksel” evden; Taksim’deki “modern” bir apartman dairesine uzanan hikâyesi anlatılır. Kayserili tüccar Tahsin Bey’in kendisine sunduğu olanaklar ile Taksim’de apartman dairesinde hizmetçiler ve pahalı eşyalar ile yaşamaya başlayan Cemile’nin mahallesi, evi, eşyaları, kıyafetleri ve sosyal çevresi değişmiştir. Değişmeyen tek şey Cemile’nin üslubudur. Cemile, Karagümrük mahallesinin argo ile çepeçevre sarılmış dilinden kurtulamaz. Aslında kurtulmak istemez. Çünkü Cemile’ye göre üslubu kalp temizliğinin, saflığının göstergesidir. Bu çalışmada Peyami Safa’nın Cumbadan Rumbaya romanı, kadın argosu üzerinden incelenmiştir. Roman boyunca kadınların sesi daha çok duyulmaktadır. Cumbadan Rumbaya romanında yaygın olanın aksine, erkekler değil; kadınlar argo konuşur. Başta romanın başkişisi Cemile olmak üzere, Karagümrük mahallesinde yaşayan bütün kadınlar argo konuşmaktadır. Bu argo örnekleri incelediğinde, kavga ve tartışma anında kullanılan hakaret içerikli argoların öne çıktığı görülmektedir. Kadın cinselliğine yönelik argo sözcükler ise yok denecek kadar azdır. Cemile’nin Karagümrük’teki komşuları ile konuştuğu argo ve Taksim’de yeni yeni tanıştığı çevreyle konuştuğu argo birbirinden farklıdır. Romanda Cemile’nin argosunun kaynağı, yetiştiği ailesi ve mahallesi Karagümrük’tür. Ayrıca eğitim almaması da argo konuşmasının sebepleri arasındadır. Kadın argosunun ön planda olduğu bu roman Peyami Safa’nın eserleri arasında bu yönü ile diğerlerinden ayrışmaktadır., Cumbadan Rumbaya, published by Peyami Safa under the name of Server Bedi, is a novel in which the east-west conflict is told in a humorous way, with Deli Cemile from Karagümrük in the center. In the novel, the "traditional" house in the Karagümrük neighborhood of Cemile; her story is told, extending to a "modern" apartment in Taksim. Cemile's neighborhood, house, furniture, clothes and social environment have changed, since she started to live with maids and expensive items in an apartment in Taksim with the opportunities offered to her by the merchant Tahsin Bey from Kayseri. The only thing that hasn't changed is Cemile's style. Cemile cannot escape the slang-wrapped language of the Karagümrük neighborhood. In fact, she doesn't want to get rid of it. Because, according to Cemile, her style is an indication of the purity of the heart. In this study, Peyami Safa's novel "Cumbadan Rumbaya" has been analyzed through female slang. Because women's voices are heard more throughout the novel. Contrary to what is customary in the novel Cumbadan Rumbaya, not men; women speak slang. All women living in the Karagümrük neighborhood, especially Cemile, the central character of the novel, speak slang. When these slang examples are examined, it is seen that insulting slang used during fights and arguments come to the fore. Slang words for female sexuality are very few. The slang that Cemile speaks to her neighbors in Karagümrük and the slang she speaks to the people she has just met in Taksim are different from each other. While speaking more freely in Karagümrük, she tries to pay attention to what she speaks in the modern environment of Taksim. Even when she is angry, it is seen that the slang language she uses in Taksim is more polite. The source of Cemile's slang in the novel is her family and neighborhood, Karagümrük. In addition, the lack of education is among the reasons for speaking slang. Because, according to Cemile, school "makes people mush". That's why Cemile doesn't like those who "talk with the mouth of a clerk" around her. This novel, in which female slang is at the forefront, differs from the others among Peyami Safa's novels with this aspect.

Movies are everyday entertainment for people in their daily lives. There are a lot of foreign movies that are being played in Indonesian theatres. Unfortunately, there are many places where people watch the movie with the subtitles that are not created by the professional translators. The Social Network was translated by more than one translator. This research was conducted to analyze how accurate the translation is and what the similarities and differences between the translators are. This study is a qualitative descriptive study, which analyzes the slang word translation accuracy in the movie The Social Network using Newmark theories of translation quality assessment. The finding of the study showed that the translation from both of the translators is accurate enough and there is almost no inaccurate translation, also there are several slang words that are not included in the data of the previous study, but the writer found on subtitle the data of the other two translators. Keywords: Slang, Translation, Accuracy

This research discusses the formation and use of babigo slang language by taking data sources on video footage of Saitou Kyouko as a babigo speaker on the Saitou Kyouko YouTube channel. The purpose of this study was to determine the formation and function of babigo. The method used in this research is qualitative method. A qualitative method is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of words or speech of people and behaviors that can be observed. The data collection method uses the listening method, which is the method used to obtain data by listening to the use of the language. While the data analysis method uses descriptive methods which are research methods carried out based on the existing facts, so the results are describing the elements of language as it is. Based on the analysis of this research data, the author found 1) Babigo formation that inserts a single vocal syllable in each Japanese language syllable 2) The Function of babigo is used by young people as a secret language and can also be used as language games.

The article analyses 197 suffixal hybrid adjectives and 34 adjectival participles from the Lithuanian slang and non-standard dictionary. The study reveals that borrows with affixal adaptation are adapted to the language system, and the adaptive features are determined by regularities: hybrids replicate word-formation models from the Standard Lithuanian language. It was found that the most common suffix of affixal adaptation of borrowings from English is the suffix -inis. Distribution of hybrids with the suffix -iškas is different: almost twice less English originated hybrid adjectives with this suffix than Slavic languages. Adjectival passive participants are most commonly used in Lithuanian slang. Passive participles are the most likely to adjectivize, and there are only few adjectivized active participles in Lithuanian slang. Adjectivized passive participles usually have a negative figurative meaning or are used as substitutes for vulgarisms.

The paper deals with lexical units of English origin that have penetrated into contemporary Russian slang with the emphasis on their morphological features. The spread of these words in the Russian language provides a scientist with a linguistically challenging material since the English and Russian languages represent typologically diverse language systems. To begin with, the research focuses on the ratio of individual word classes within the studied material together with the representation of individual grammatical genders throughout. As nouns represent the most numerous group of the adapted lexemes, the main emphasis is put on their morphological adaptation into the Russian language, and at the same time, their most common morphological features are listed. The following traits belong to the marginal ones from the point of view of word classes: an Anglicism may be a component of several word classes and the here-studied Anglicisms only exceptionally do not keep their original categorial meanings. Additionally, they display differences in onomasiological categories across the studied field. Morphological features of Anglicisms in Russian slang are the combination of Russian and English morphological aspects of individual word classes. Furthermore, words borrowed from English acquire grammatical categories typical of their corresponding counterparts in the Russian language. As a final point, most Anglicisms in the Russian slang undergo conjugation and declination processes (98,5% of instances). The possible utilization of the research is noticeable in the areas of comparative and corpus linguistics and translatology when searching for equivalents of words in typologically different languages. What is more, its results are applicable in the methodology of teaching foreign languages. The whole linguistic material is investigated in the framework of the online dictionary of slang and the text corpus Russian Web 2011 (ruTenTen11) with the help of the search tool Sketch Engine. To reveal the complex sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic functioning of the Anglicisms in contemporary Russian slang, further research needs to be conducted.

Abstraсt. The study is devoted to the identification of English loan words in the youth slang inherent in the generation of millennials - young people between the age of 14 and 35 who were born on the turn of the millennium. There are many scientific works studying the phenomenon of youth slang, defining its boundaries, functions, and describing criteria. The most topical ones focus on the youth slang of the 2010s. There are studies of the issue of the English borrowing and English influence in modern Russian. However, the impact of English on the slang of modern youth is still understudied. We presume that the rapid increase in borrowings in this area requires close attention and scientific analysis. Millennial slang is represented in numerous humorous Internet publications, but unlike the slang of the previous generation, it is not properly described. The purpose of our paper is to identify new English borrowings, to highlight their lexical and grammatical characteristics as compared to those of previous years. The relevance of this work is due to the attention to the slang of todays youth in the aspect of globalization processes. The study used methods of reviewing the works of linguists, the analysis of Internet publications and dictionary data, interviewing of informants, and diachronic comparison. As a result of the analysis of the collected material, an increase in the number of Anglicisms was shown in comparison with the 2010s, and some features of the formation of lexical meanings and grammaticalization of new lexical units were revealed. Youth slang is a reflection of modern social phenomena, and its study is of interest not only for linguists but also for culturologists, sociologists, and psychologists.

The article explores the use of contextual slang as linguistic performance by three all-female friendship groups in Calabar metropolis, Cross River State, south-eastern Nigeria. I argue that slang ...

This dissertation focuses on characteristic of modern Czech language, reflecting the socio-cultural changes taking place in Czech society in last decades. It is obvious that new experiences require new words to refer to them clearly and efficiently, that is why cultural and social background in general and its relation to language will be considered. Attention is paid to the most important terms of the topic under study – vulgarism, cultural correctness, loanwords, economy of language, colloquialization of written and spoken Czech.

This article is about studying the features of using youth slang in the process of studying English at the university. The analysis of the usage of slang expressions among the younger generation is identified. It is found that the definition of slang is beginning to attract the attention of modern philologists. There are now quite a number of slang definitions that are often contradictory. It is investigated that Ukrainian slang has a huge amount of English borrowing. This article is about analyzing the concept of youth slang in modern English. The relevance of our research is that youth slang is in constant development. It has also been determined that modern slang in the English language, being an integral part of the language, is one of the most relevant and controversial problems of modern lexicology. Thus, the reasons for the increase in the slang share in the modern teenager's speech include social factors; the importance of a language for communication with peers; the influence of the media (reading newspapers and magazines, watching TV shows), Internet resources. The main characteristic of youth slang is the constant emotionality, expressiveness, appreciation, and imagery of youth speech. This contributes to the overall dynamics of the Ukrainian literary language. The results of the investigation prove the assumption of the wide use of Anglicism; in most cases, a youth slang represents English borrowing or phonetic associations; it is necessary to pay attention to the attraction of foreign words especially when the process is so fast. This study helps to solve the problem of determination, the nature, and the main features of the phenomenon under study.

The interest in Czech slang in the 1930s was not only the domain of the academic community, but we can also find good collection of data among amateur researchers. This text focuses on the researchneglected work of Jaroslav Podzimek and his fieldwork in the years 1934–1935, which is unique in its focus on the „language“ of the non-settled population. The study compares data from the urban environment, published mainly by German researchers, with data from the so-called itinerant niche and examines their validity at present.

From the beginning, remote work was considered in connection with social and environmental problems. The pandemic and coronavirus have left many teachers and researchers unable to experiment with online work. This new way of organizing work is at the heart of exciting research in various fields: remote collaborative science, imaging, training, and distance learning are an opportunity to demonstrate relevance and find new ways of working and interacting. This article is in the framework of a scientific project carried out over a year at a distance. He deals with the problem of learning the youth language (youth slang, the term is used in Russian linguistics) and aims to present the results of a comparative study of the structural and semantic features of shale of Russian and French youth. Language experiments are based on data from students of Yaroslavl State University and the University of Poitiers. The first part deals with the description of the procedure for collecting, verifying, and processing language data, as well as the methodology for collecting; it is based on psycholinguistic experiments, field studies, and sociological studies conducted in the student environment of the two countries. The second part of the article presents the results of the semantic and structural analysis of lexical units, morphological and semantic families representing argotisms (slanguismes, in Russian) of young people recorded during the survey. The derivational mechanisms used in French and Russian youth slang are studied and interpreted. This allowed the authors to discover language universals common to young Russian and French speakers, as well as to identify culturally relevant linguistic units capable of modelling and presenting the collective identity of Russian and French students, their language image of the world, and their language personality.

The article is devoted to the translation quality assessment of W. Shakespeare’s tragedy ‘King Lear’ in the translation by Yu. I. Andrukhovych. The author focuses mainly on the specific features of reproduction of the lexical and textual levels of the tragedy, highlights the general characteristics of the translation strategy of Yu. I. Andrukhovych and his translator’s interpretive position, as based on the translation quality assessment of the herein mentioned above tragedy. Since the translation was published recently and as of today there are no known publications that provide the translation quality assessment of the abovementioned target text, this determines the relevance of the study. Moreover, the present research can be viewed as a contribution not only to the study of the functioning of the sixth Ukrainian translation of Shakespeare’s tragedy in the Ukrainian translated literature, but also as another step towards understanding of the translation personality of Yu. I. Andrukhovych. The results of the translation quality assessment of W. Shakespeare’s tragedy ‘King Lear’ in the Ukrainian translation by Yu. I. Andrukhovych are indicative of the equivalent reproduction of the source language text with slight deviations that occur during the inference of the encoded meanings (ambiguity in the interpretation of certain lines of the original and their simplification). The herein analyzed translation is characterized by the high level of equivalence and proper interpretation of Shakespeare’s puns deserves special praise. In the translation of W. Shakespeare’s tragedy ‘King Lear’ by Yu. I. Andrukhovych we trace the strategy, which to some extent echoes with the strategy that was applied by the translator in the reproduction of W. Shakespeare’s tragedy ‘Hamlet’. A characteristic feature of the Ukrainian translation of W. Shakespeare’s tragedy ‘King Lear’ by Yu. I. Andrukhovych (the reflection of the translator’s interpretative position, his strategy) is the use of the obscene lexis and slang, dialectisms, compound nouns, secondary wordplay, modernization of the target text, stylistic shift in the translation, the presence of ethnocultural allusions.

This study aimed at identifying the types of slang and the process of creating slang word found in a movie script entitled The Fast and The Furious by Rob Cohen. This study employed descriptive and qualitative method. The data of this study were obtained by watching and taking notes of slang word spoken by the characters in the movie “The Fast and The Furious”. There are two types of slang word, namely primary and secondary, using the theory by Chapman (2007), and in a matter of process of creating slang, the theory by Yule was adopted (1985). The data of this study were obtained by observation method through four steps, namely watching The Fast and The Furious. Next, finding and taking notes of slang words spoken by the characters in the movie The Fast and The Furious. Reading the online movie script and finally, the writer categorized the types of data. There were two types of slang words encountered, namely primary and secondary slang. The result of the study demonstrated that there are 5 slang words found in the movie The Fast and The Furious with 3 primary slang and 2 secondary slang.

Modern studies of informal names are presented from different angles of observation: semantics, motivation, creation and gender peculiarities of this type of onyms. The issue of characters of the sociocultural environment, in which nicknames appear, and its influence on assignment of a name to a member of a certain collective is also being considered more actively in recent years. School and student nicknames are appearing in linguists’ field of view more and more often. The purpose of our investigation is to find out the motivational features of student nicknames. The object of our study is student nicknames. The subject is motivational features of the lexical base, which formed the basis for the creation of this type of onyms. The main task was to reveal the meaning of noted onyms, to determine the reasons for their appearance and to ascertain the features of the student unofficial onomasticon. The nicknames of students of the philological faculty of Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University served as material for the article. Student slang reflects on the peculiarities of creating nicknames. The language of students differs from the language of people of other age groups, and this is what determines the specifics of student naming. Individual nicknames of students are grouped into two categories by origin – nicknames of appellative origin nicknames of anthroponymic origin. Nicknames of anthroponymic origin make up the largest part of discovered names. They are motivated by the official names and surnames of bearers. Names, motivated by the features of bearer’s appearance, establish the largest group of onyms of appellative origin. By structure, such onyms are mostly one-component and expressed by nouns. Among the studied student nicknames, onyms with neutral or ameliorative meaning are predominant.

The article deals with the description of language interference as the main process in creating the regional identity of the Russian language in Donbass. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that it is the first attempt to identify the role and forms of language interference in the formation of a regiolect, moreover, the object of research of the processes of language systems interaction is the Donetsk diffuse regiolect, which arose on the South Russian language base as a result of interference of closely related languages and regiolects. The stated subject involves the identification of types, zones, models and participants of interference interaction. The purpose of the article is to determine the sources and results of language interference that occurred during the formation of the Donetsk diffuse regiolect. The author uses general scientific and linguistic methods and techniques for analyzing regionalisms, in particular, comparative, descriptive methods, methods of collecting and processing sociolinguistic data, specialized methods for determining regionalisms. The use of basic methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the observation method when considering Donetsk language phenomena, allowed the author to determine the Russian basis of the Donetsk regiolect, its diffuse nature, to justify the implementation in regional modifying the “interference absorption” model of external (different language and different regiolect) and internal (idiom) language phenomena, to establish the language zones of interference interaction, the main language systems that participated in the formation of the Donetsk regiolect, and the degree of their participation in this process. The obtained theoretical conclusions can be used in the study of the regiolects of the territories of late settlement, formed on the basis of closely related languages and regiolects, for example, Russian and Ukrainian, Russian and Belorussian, etc.

The article covers the ways to understand and describe youth slang as a social language variety from three perspectives. The first one presents the youth slang conceptualisation as the effect of language studies from the past several years, the second perspective refers to making use of the ways to describe the language of young generations in media space, while the third one exposes the significance of slang among teenagers as its natural users. The recapitulation is accompanied by the author’s linguistic and sociocultural reflections, which argue in favour of contemporary expansion of youth sociolect and its evolution from a communal variety to a culturally motivated communication style.

Sociolinguistics has a lot of aspects that can be researched. One of the aspects is slang. Slang is vocabulary that is used between people who belong to the same social group and who know each other well. Slang is very informal language. This research mainly discussed about slang in Geek Charming Movie. The purpose of this study is to identify the slangs and to describe the types of slang used in Geek Charming Movie. This study is limited to the main characters in the movie, they are Dylan Schoenfield and Josh Rosen. The writer used descriptive qualitative method by using Bodgan and Biklen J (1992) theory, which consists of four steps: unitization, categorization, explanation, and interpretation. After analizing the data, it is found out that there are three types of slang used by Dylan Schoenfield and Josh Rosen in Geek Charming Movie. The types of slang are public house slang, society slang, slang in public school and university. Those are types of slang according to Eric Partridge (1950). It is important to study slang because the result of this research can be used for further research and help readers to get more knowledge about slang.

The purpose of this study is to describe the slang contained in Novel literature ‘’Analogi Cinta Berdua” by Dara Prayoga’’ Language is a tool used by humans to communicate language in the form of sound symbols issued by human speech organs, Slang is contemporary or easy to disappear and is not permanent, therefore it is rare to find slang that is permanent and long used for a long period of time. The approach used is qualitative to analyze the novel using the content analysis method From the results of the study, it was found that the use of slang in the form of linguistic symbols such as. Yoi, sekarang gue punya pacar!” From these quotations, researchers can find out the use of slang. The quote is translated into Indonesian as "yes now I have a lover".“Emang punya duit lo, Ka? Anak kos aja”. From these quotations, researchers can find out the use of slang. The quote is translated into Indonesian as "Do you really have money, Sis? Just kiddos." “Yah, giliran kalah main PES aja kabur. Cupu!”. From these quotations, researchers can know the use of slang. The quote is translated into Indonesian as "Well, it's your turn to lose playing PES, just run away. Geek!” In literary works there are those who use slang as their writing, such as in youth novels, the language is more popular with readers because the language is easy to understand and use in everyday life.

Slang is confidential informal English, which is created and used by a society. This study discusses about an analysis of slang in the Skin movie. The purpose of this study is to find the type of slang and the reason why people / society used slang words in daily conversation. The source of the data was taken from the script of Skin movie. Skin movie was classified as a biographical drama movie released on 2018 in Tokyo and directed by Guy Nattiv. The research design used in this study is a descriptive qualitative research with a document or content analysis as the research type. This thesis is described one by one word or phrase of slang found from the Skin movie by using dictionaries and theory related to slang. From the analysis, there are fifty-two slang words found and one type of slang used, they were society slang. Then the reasons found and used in this study are at least seven types. There were in sheer high spirits, to express humour, to be different, to express surprising / shocking, to be brief and concise, to express refusal / rejection, and to show friendliness. This study highly expected to give contribution for the readers to know about slangs clearly. It can help the readers speak English fluently. Then, it can also be expected to enrich the new English vocabulary used in daily conversation.

The objective of this study are to find out slang language in song lyrics used by Avril Lavigne tofind out the meaning of the slang language in song lyrics used by Avril Lavigne. This study concernwith the analysis slang language in Avril Lavigne song lyrics. This study is descriptive qualitative.The data classified based on word formation processes according to Yule's theory (2010). In thedata analysis the writer applied qualitative. Method and focused on content analysis. The analysisstarted on January 2020 until July 2020. This final project based on a study which attemps to findslang language in Avril Lavigne Song lyrics, and know the types slang language used in AvrilLavigne song lyrics. The results of study, the slang language words of the song Avril Lavigne alsoinfluenced by some of word formation, there are twelve type of slang word formation. There areCoinage, Compounding, Clipping, Blending, Borrowing, Back formation, Acronyms, Multipleprocess, Affixes (Prefix, Infix, Suffix). There are four types of slang language were identified basedon the findings used in Avril Lavigne song lyrics found 4 clipping, 10 blending, 2 compounding,and 1 Back formation . Based on the research, the process of blending is the most common processthat is found in Avril Lavigne song.

Slang can not only be found in daily conversation but it also can be found in literary work such as movies, for example in The Expendables 3 Movie which the characters’ use slang quite often in dialogues. The purpose of this paper is to study the function, type, and meaning of the slang terms used by the characters of The Expendables 3 movie. The researchers used descriptive qualitative method to analyze. After doing the analysis, the researchers found fifty-five slang terms and the details are as follows: (1) There are two types of slang, namely primary and secondary slang. The type which more often used is primary slang. (2) There are three types of functions: social, psychological and rhetorical functions (3) There are seven types of meaning of slang namely connotative, social, affective, collocative, conceptual, thematic and reflection meanings. Connotative meaning is the most common

The article reflects the intermediate results of the research aimed at preparing a professionally-oriented vocabulary of modern youth slang to be used as a tool of operative psycholinguistic diagnostics.Our study revealed the following patterns: 1) media consumption of youth is manifested in the development of speech culture, expressing itself in the development of an extensive group of speech substandard; 2) the main categories of youth slang are Internet slang, gaming slang, criminal slang, drug slang, media slang; 3) each category of youth slang is equally, widely represented in the Internet sources that indicates the global nature of digital socialization., Artykuł odzwierciedla pośrednie wyniki badań, których celem jest przygotowanie profesjonalnie zorientowanego słownika współczesnego slangu młodzieżowego do wykorzystania jako narzędzie operacyjnej diagnostyki psycholingwistycznej.Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na zidentyfikowanie następujących wzorców: 1) konsumpcja mediów młodzieżowych przejawia się w rozwoju kultury językowej, w kształtowaniu się dużej grupy substandardów językowych, wśród których główne miejsce zajmuje slang młodzieżowy; 2) główne kategorie slangu młodzieżowego to slang internetowy, slang gracza, slang łobuzów, slang narkotykowy, slang medialny; 3) każda z kategorii slangu młodzieżowego jest szeroko reprezentowana w źródłach internetowych, co wskazuje na globalny charakter socjalizacji cyfrowej., Стаття відображає проміжні результати дослідження, що має на меті підготовку професійно орієнтованого словника сучасного молодіжного сленгу для використання як інструменту оперативної психолінгвістичної діагностики. Вивчення мовного субстандарту є актуальним через високий рівень динамічності цього мовного явища й пов’язане з аналізом молодіжного сленгу в інтернеті. Проведене дослідження дозволило виявити такі закономірності: 1) медіаспоживання молоді проявляється в розвитку мовної культури, у становленні великої групи мовного субстандарту, серед якого основне місце посідає молодіжний сленг; 2) основними категоріями молодіжного сленгу є інтернет-сленг, геймерський сленг, блатний сленг, наркосленг, медіасленг; 3) кожна з категорій молодіжного сленгу широко представлена в інтернет-джерелах, що свідчить про глобальний характер цифрової соціалізації.