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The kings of the inhabitants of Mesopotamia have been constructing different buildings with various purposes, as required by the religious, political, defense, economic and social needs of those buildings. These buildings were distinguished by their different planning according to the purpose of their construction, but they shared many components, the most important of which are building materials and the main purpose of them is to serve the king or ruler and society. The fortresses are among the architectural manifestations in the civilization of Mesopotamia, and they reflect in their planning and construction an important architectural thought that indicates important political, fortification and economic dimensions, as its planning was linked to these civilizational topics. Through the various cuneiform texts with various purposes, we find that they have highlighted important and valuable information about those fortresses, their beginning, their purpose, and when they are urgently needed, and whether they are necessary to build or can they be dispensed with. Through preliminary induction of cuneiform texts, we find that the ancient kings and rulers built these fortresses for a necessary purpose that was directly related to the defensive aspect of the city and its residents, and they differ in their sizes depending on the location of the city, its large size, the population census and its political status. Through our research, we shed light on the most important cultural data related to the fortresses, what they are, the most important names, the places in which they are located, the building materials constructed from them, as well as highlighting the cuneiform texts related to each of these cultural colors associated with the forts.

Blasting is an essential and the very first activity of hard rock mining. It is considered the cheapest source of energy for loosening/extracting hard rock. Improper planning and design can make basting a costly operation. Furthermore, as downstream processes are affected by properties of muckpile a blast should be designed properly to yield the desired muckpile and fragmentation. Among fragmentation and muckpile, fragmentation is the most important, and is the main parameter used to evaluate the efficiency of a blast. This paper analyzes the use of WipFrag software to evaluate the fragment size distribution of blasting with current blasting parameters of Cherat Cement quarry.

The importance of news coverage emerged remarkably during and after World War II, and it revolutionized communication and media with the spread of modern technologies. In light of the media’s possession of information and the exclusive transfer of information to the recipient in any way and manner, news coverage remains the framework in which facts are placed in front of the recipient, who is He increased his knowledge of the events through this coverage, with the images and rich information provided by the media outlet that adopts news coverage of the events. News coverage of the hot events that occur in any part of the world, including revolutions, demonstrations, protests, military movements, and facts of all kinds, constitutes a qualitative turning point in media work, given the great role that the media play in their news coverage of these events, and the important results that contribute to the Forming ideas, creating visions for members of society and forming their attitudes and attitudes towards important issues in the life of societies. When these societies undergo rapid and important changes, they use various media, including newspapers, to consolidate their values. Rather, the media are associated with the processes of change and the events that these societies are going through. News coverage is an important part of the comprehensive press coverage carried out by the daily written press in dealing with various events. Highlighting of all kinds, whether images are news or non-news, as well as shapes and drawings.

شهدت السنوات الاخيرة ظهور مواقع الكترونية متخصصة بالتحقق من الأخبار الزائفة؛ بهدف الحد من انتشارها ونشر الوعي بخطرها، أما على مستوى الصحافة العربية فلم تقم بدور واضح في مواجهة الاخبار الزائفة، إلا عدد قليل من المؤسسات الاعلامية وفي مقدمتهم صحيفة النهار اللبنانية، التي ادركت خطر هذه الظاهرة التي اجتاحت العالم بفعل سهولة تداولها عبر شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي مثل فيسبوك وتويتر وانستغرام أو تداولها عن طريق تطبيقات التواصل مثل واتساب وفايبر وغيرها، لذلك خصصت النهار تبويباً مستقلاً بعنوان (النهار تتحقق)؛ وذلك بهدف التحقق من الأخبار الزائفة التي قد تقف وراءها جهات معينة أو أفراد تختلف اهدافهم من وراء نشر هذا النوع من الأخبار. وكان التساؤل الرئيس الذي لخص مشكلة الدراسة هو: ما دور صحيفة النهار اللبنانية في التحقق من الأخبار الزائفة؟ اما فيما يتعلق بأهم النتائج التي توصلت اليها فكانت كالآتي: اهتمام صحيفة النهار اللبنانية الكبير بالتحقق من الأخبار السياسية الزائفة وقلة اهتمامها بالأخبار التعليمية والتقنية، مع تباين اهتمامها بالمضامين الاخرى سواء بالتحقق منها بشكل مباشر او عن طريق اعادة نشر الأخبار التي قامت مؤسسات اعلامية أخرى بالتحقق منها. اعتماد صحيفة النهار على طرق متعددة من أجل التحقق من الاخبار الزائفة المتداولة، ولكنها تعتمد على المواقع والادوات المتخصصة بالتحقق من الأخبار الزائفة بشكل كبير. ان صحيفة النهار تقوم بالتحقق من الأخبار الزائفة من قبل العاملين فيها بشكل كبير، لكنها تعتمد ايضاً على الأخبار التي تم التحقق منها من قبل المؤسسات الاعلامية الاخرى مثل مؤسسة وكالة الصحافة الفرنسية ورويترز.

Carrageenan (car-), used in the pharmaceutical as well as food industry, is a marine sulfated polysaccharide. Car-, used in the pharmaceutical as well as food industry, is a marine sulfated polysaccharide. The carrageenan blends (CB) of kappa (κ-), iota (ι-), and lambda (λ-) of 50/50 weight by weight are multipurpose and biocompatible hydrophilic polymers. They have been subjected to the adsorption of copper (Cu2+) ions. The aim of the study was to conduct extensive rheological and mechanical studies rendering them suitable for biological purposes. The rheology was conducted at various temperatures using a frequency curve, frequency sweep, loss modulus, and storage modulus analysis. Models of rheology like Ostwald, Bingham, and Modified Bingham models were utilized. The rheological results demonstrated non-Newtonian/pseudo-plastic behavior at various temperatures. The models of rheology demonstrated good flow properties and rheological performance of these materials. These materials could be exploited for their application in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics. Thus, our study reflects that these CB can be safely exploited in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, and food industry. However, further studies should be conducted to evaluate their effectiveness in clinical studies.

Introduction: Natural compounds obtained from marine algae, especially Rhodophyta are now being investigated for various biological activities. However, the antimicrobial activity and toxicity profile of compounds present in these algae isunderexplored. background: Bacterial resistance is becoming an imminent threat which necessitates the discovery of molecules capable of inhibiting their proliferation inside the host. Objective: This study procured two compounds, Debilon and Phorbasterone-B, from Rhodophyta to analyze their In-silico and in-vitro potential against pathogenic bacterial strains and their acute toxicity. objective: To exploit the physiochemical properties of Debilon and Phorbasterone-B for Antibacterial activity Methods: Debilon and Phorbasterone-B were extracted from Rhodophyta by a previously reported method and were further subsequently exploited computationally for their physicochemical properties, prediction of biological activity and molecular docking against bacterial proteins, toxicity, and experimentally for antibacterial potential against pathogenic strains of Vibrio cholera, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: Docking studies proved that these molecules possess a chemical affinity for the bacterial proteins and can inhibit the growth of these microorganisms, as confirmed by antibacterial assay. Whereas the prediction analysis and toxicity studies showed that the friendliness of these molecules to the human body is enormous. Conclusion: From this study, it has been proved that DN and PB are perfect candidates for inhibiting these bacterial strains. conclusion: The present study has proved that DN and PB are perfect candidates for inhibiting these bacterial strains.

Objective: To compare clinical appendicitis with histopathological appendicitis. Study Design: Prospective Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Surgery, Lady Reading Hospital, MTI, Peshawar. Period: December 2019 to March 2020. Material & Methods: Out 106 patients with signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis 100 patients were included in the study. 6 patients were excluded because of incomplete data. Patients were examined, ALVARADO score was calculated and routine investigations were done. After open appendectomies all specimens were sent for histopathology. Results: Male to female ratio was 1.7:1, with a mean age of 25 ± 11 year. The most common presenting complain was right iliac fossa pain (98%), followed by nausea/vomiting (86%). The commonest signs elicited were right iliac fossa tenderness (100%), rebound tenderness (100%). Mean ALAVARADO score is 7.39 ± 1.03. Intraoperative findings showed acutely inflamed appendix (90%), perforated appendix (7%) and normal (1%). The histopathology specimens showed acute appendicitis (88%), acute appendicitis with periappendicitis (8%) and normal histology (1%). Conclusion: Our study comparing clinical appendicitis with histological appendicitis with a negative appendectomy rate of only 1% suggests that acute appendicitis remains a clinical diagnosis and that timely accurate clinical diagnosis can prevent many complications associated with delayed/misdiagnosis of acute appendicitis. Laboratory evaluation and imaging especially CT may help in establishing diagnosis in equivocal cases but often leads to delay in diagnosis and also puts extra burden on the health care system.

Ammonia (NH3) plays a key role in the agricultural fertilizer and commodity chemical industries and is useful for exploring hydrogen storage carriers. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is receiving attention as an environmentally sustainable NH3 synthesis replacement for the traditional Haber–Bosch process owing to its near ambient reaction conditions (

Ablative composites have been in use for thermal protection of space vehicles for decades. Carbon-phenolic composites have proven to perform exceptionally well in these applications. However with development in aerospace industry their performance needs improvement. In this field, different carbon-based and ceramic additives have been introduced into ablative composite systems. This review article gives a comparative analysis of researches done in this field in the recent past. Density, ablative, thermal and mechanical properties of ablative composites with different ultra-high temperature ceramic particles i.e. ZrSi2, Cenosphere, nano-SiO2, BN etc. and carbon-based nanoparticles i.e. CNTs, nano-Diamonds, Graphene oxide etc. used as additives, have been compared and discussed. Emphasis is put on carbon-phenolic composite systems although some epoxy matrix systems have also been discussed for comparison.

The aim of the research is to study the added value achieved by internal audit and its variables for economic units and their role in achieving the basic Aspect of corporate governance, represented by (transparency, accountability & discipline), as well as helping the administration to improve its business continuously instead of The traditional view of audit focuses on compliance with established policies and procedures. On the practical side, the role of the added value of internal auditing and its effect in achieving the Aspect of governance in the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources and some of its formations was examined by relying on international auditing standards to establish paragraphs that represent a basis for measuring the extent to which internal audit axes are fulfilled or not, as well as relying on the Charter of Good Governance For public companies issued by the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2017, and the principles of the (OECD) as a basis for setting dimensions that represent the measurement of the Aspect of corporate governance. The researcher relied on the weighting weights instead of the direct weights to determine the added value of the internal audit and the achievement of the basic Aspect of Corporate governance, where weight was given by (2) for each fulfilled paragraph and (1) for partial fulfillment and (0) for cases of non-fulfillment, and the statistical analytical researcher used to measure the relationship between research variables.

Contemporary semiconducting ceramics, including zinc oxide, find applications in a variety of different fields. Its wurtzite crystal structure can accommodate various dopants, allowing extensive engineering to achieve desired properties. Different manufacturing methods such as the sol–gel method, microemulsion technique, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), thermal decomposition, etc. result in different morphologies and yield a range of particle sizes that affect its optical, photocatalytic, and semiconducting properties. Indeed, it has been reported that the introduction of dopants can enhance the dye degradation and photocatalytic properties of ZnO.

The perfect parking lot will avoid confusion in parking vehicles. Parking lot problems deal with a lot of real-life challenges like the shape of the parking lot, angle of parking, the dimension of ...

Carrageenan (car-) are comprised of linear sulfated polysaccharides family isolated from the species of Rhodophyta (Patel 2012; Shukla et al. 2016). These polysaccharides and their derivatives have been exploited in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals. Another beneficial activity of the car- has been further explored in the drug delivery system as a controlled release agent that possesses antioxidant properties as well (Genicot et al. 2018; Li et al. 2014). There are three variants of the car- i.e. lambda, kappa, iota, and among them κ- possess a peculiar range of properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, and hydrophilicity exploited in the food industry as a stabilizing and thickening agent (Derkach et al. 2018; Ghanbarzadeh, Golmoradizadeh, and Homaei 2018; Sahiner, Sagbas, and Yılmaz 2017). Car- films in combination with glycerol and citric acid further ameliorate the anti-microbial activity (Khare et al. 2016; Sedayu, Cran, and Bigger 2019). While reliable bioassays are needed to recognize a wide range of pharmacological properties present in plants and their corresponding metal complexes. Chromium (Cr3+) is a toxic metal and carcinogenic but its complexation with few ligands proves them to be a potential therapeutic agent. Cr3+ complexes with amino acid derivatives showed antimicrobial activity against different bacterial species. Antibiotics with ceftriaxone with metal complexes showed good antimicrobial properties. The complex of metals with 4-hydroxypyridine and azide ion Zn2+ complex with tridentate ligand showed low antibacterial but high antifungal properties. The movement of Cr3+ in living organisms depends considerably on the complexation of the metal center by chelating nitrogen donor ligands. Cr3+ cysteine and hydrazide complexes, on the other hand, have noticeable antibacterial and antifungal activities. Sulfonamides, Sulfanilamide derivatives, and cephapirin with Cr3+ complexes showed good antimicrobial properties. Monoamine oxidase-B inhibition by Cr3+ triethanolamine complexes leads to the prevention of some neurodegenerative diseases. The activities of compounds obtained from plants and their metal complexes can be detected by the same conventional methods based on the same principle and are not equally efficient and sensitive. It is clear that biological evaluation, in general, can be carried out much more proficiently on water-soluble, nice crystalline complexes than on mixtures like plant exudate (Zaidi et al. 2012). However, the antibacterial activities of Cr3+ with κ, to the best of our knowledge, have not been reported yet. Previously, we had studied the preparation and antimicrobial activity of nicotine and its Zn2+ complex. However, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was the basis for the evaluation of the antibacterial activity. In this study, the complexed κ- in-vitro activity was evaluated against different types of pathogenic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

The diversity of financial assets owned by Iraqi companies, which are measured and presented in different ways according to the classification of these assets according to international financial reporting standards, and that re-measuring these assets (shares) affects the income statement and the financial position of companies according to the change in the fair value of shares. The auditor uses multiple auditing methods for the purpose of verifying the measurement and presentation of these assets, including the use of electronic means in auditing (computer auditing.(The aim of the research is to clarify what electronic auditing is and to explain and analyse the measurement requirements in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS - 9), in addition to preparing an electronic audit program that helps the auditor to verify the re measurement and presentation of the companies ’financial assets. Two mixed joint stock companies (Iraqi Company for Manufacturing and Marketing Dates - the National Company for Tourism Investments and Real Estate Projects) are adopted as a field of application by analysing their financial data for the year / 2018 and conducting a simulation of the outcome of the activity and the financial position of the company using an electronic audit program. This is to show the difference between the actual results and the results expected to be shown in light of the measurement principles adopted under international financial reporting standards. The researchers have concluded that the use of electronic means helps the auditor to conduct the audit process for the various financial assets due to their multiplicity and diversity in addition to the diversity of their market values. In addition, this enables the auditor to identify errors and indicate their impact on the income statement and budget and thus reach a final opinion on the financial statements towards the use of electronic means in auditing operations by professional organizations and relevant authorities for the purpose of speed and accuracy in completing auditing operations. Moreover, the necessity to prepare electronic programs for various auditing purposes in line with the activity of the bodies subject for auditing and training auditors in the use of such programs.

It is evident that inflammation and metabolic syndrome instigated by diabetes mellitus can precipitate diabetes-induced neuropathy (DIN) and pain. In order to find an effective therapeutic method for diabetes-related problems, a multi-target-directed ligand model was used. 6-Hydroxyflavanone (6-HF) carrying anti-inflammatory and anti-neuropathic pain potential due to its quadruplicate mechanisms, targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and opioid and GABA-A receptors was investigated. The anti-inflammatory potential of the test drug was confirmed utilizing in silico, in vitro, and in vivo tests. A molecular simulation approach was utilized to observe the interaction of 6-HF with the inflammatory enzyme COX-2 as well as opioid and GABA-A receptors. The same was confirmed via in vitro COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitory assays. In vivo tests were performed to analyze the thermal anti-nociception in the hot-plate analgesiometer and anti-inflammatory action in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rodents. The potential anti-nociceptive effect of 6-HF was evaluated in the DIN model in rats. The Naloxone and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) antagonists were used to confirm the underlying mechanism of 6-HF. The molecular modeling studies revealed a favorable interaction of 6-HF with the identified protein molecules. In vitro inhibitory studies revealed that 6-HF inhibited the COX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes significantly. The 6-HF at dosages of 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg substantially reduced heat nociception in a hot plate analgesiometer as well as carrageenan-induced paw edema in rodent models. The authors discovered that 6-HF had anti-nociception properties in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy model. According to the findings of this study, 6-HF was demonstrated to diminish inflammation caused by diabetes as well as its anti-nociception effect in DIN.

The core-shell approach has surfaced as an attractive strategy to make complex hydrides reversible for hydrogen storage; however, no synthetic method exists for taking advantage of this approach. Here, a detailed investigation was undertaken to effectively design freestanding core-shell NaBH

The wide adoption of media and social media has increased the amount of digital content to an enormous level. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques provide an opportunity to extract and explore meaningful information from a large amount of text. Among natural languages, Urdu is one of the widely used languages worldwide for spoken and written communications. Due to its wide adopt-ability, digital content in the Urdu language is increasing briskly, especially with social media and online NEWS feeds. Government agencies and advertisers must filter and understand the content to analyze the trends and cohorts in their interest and national prerogative. Clustering is considered a baseline and one of the first steps in natural language understanding. There are many state-of-the-art clustering techniques specifically for English, French, and Arabic, but no significant research has been conducted in Urdu language processing. Doing it for short text segments is challenging because of limited features and the absence of meaningful language discourse and nuance. Many rule-based NLP techniques are adopted to overcome these issues, relying on human-designed features and rules. Therefore, these methods do not promise remarkable results. Alongside NLP, deep learning techniques are pretty efficient in capturing contextual information with minimal noise compared to other traditional methods. By taking on this challenging job, we develop a deep learning-based technique for Urdu short text clustering for the very first time without a human-designed feature. In this paper, we propose a method of short text clustering using a deep neural network that automatically learns feature representations and clustering assignments simultaneously. This method learns clustering objectives by converting the high dimensional feature space to a low dimensional feature space. Our experiments on the Urdu NEWS headlines dataset show remarkable results compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Aim: Peptide/protein-based inhalers are excessively used to treat respiratory disorders. The molecular docking was performed for these inhalers including human neutralizing S230 light chain-antibody (monoclonal antibodies [mAbs]), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), short-palate-lung and nasal-epithelial clone-1-derived peptides (SPLUNC1) and dornase-alfa (DA) against spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to assess their inhibitory activity. Materials & methods: HawkDock was used to dock these biologics against SARS-CoV-2 spike-glycoprotein. Results: Results showed that DA, AAT and mAb were quite active against spike glycoprotein with a binding free energy of -26.35 and -22.94 kcal/mol. Conclusion: mAB and AAT combined with DA can be used in the treatment of coronavirus disease of 2019 as a potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent., Graphical abstract

Beta-thalassemia is a genetico-haematological disorder that affects the integrity, structure, and survival of red blood cells due to deleterious mutation in the β-globulin chain of hemoglobin. Other than blood disorder, this condition gives rise to numerous neurological and haematophysiological conditions which have not been fully discussed yet. These conditions include extramedullary hematopoiesis, evoked potential (Sensory, Auditory and Visual), neuropathy and myopathy and predisposition to the hypercoagulable state leading to stroke. Moreover, most opted therapy to alleviate this condition intrigue neurotoxicity that requires clinician's round the clock attention. Beta thalassemia remains an incurable disease, and various therapies have been introduced to fulfill the body's blood requirement. But this condition implicitly gives rise to a damaging range of symptoms that cannot be overlooked. Therefore, our review encompasses all those anomalies associated with beta-thalassemia and its probable curative therapy. Keywords: Beta thalassemia, Neurological deficits, Cognitive impairment, Extramedullary hematopoiesis, Evoked potential, Neuropathy.

Date fruit contains a variety of polyphenols such as phenolic acids, flavonoid glycosides, and certain hydroxycinnamates for mediating the biological effects. It is important to analyze the degrada...

Self-harm and suicide are most commonly observed in adolescents specially females in Asian countries and in western. The psychosocial predictors, along with hopelessness and non-suicidal injury (NSSI), have not been studied properly before. Therefore, there is a need to address these issues. The objective of the study was to ascertain the psychosocial and clinical features predicting suicide and NSSI in adolescents with major depression. Increased number of suicidality and impaired family function at entry is autonomously connected with a suicidal attempt. NSSI are connected at base line and apply additive effect on likelihood, one keeping on through treatment period. Poor family functions, as well as family problems and social problems, were the causative agents for adolescent’s high suicidality and NSSI. A history of NSSI treatment is a clinical marker for suicidality. The previous suicidal attempts should be evaluated in depressed juvenile patients as indicators of future suicidal intent and behavior. Both suicidal and NSSI adolescents during the therapy and after treatment endure to be depressed when they are engaged in study. Major causes of suicide among our study participants were lost friend(s), drug abuse, living alone, disturbed parental marriage, sexual abuse, and other domestic problems.

In rock mechanics, the dilatancy point is always occurring before rock failure during loading process. Water content plays a significant role in the rock physiomechanical properties, which also impact the rock dilatancy point under loading process. This dilatancy point significantly plays a warning role in the rock engineering structures stability. Therefore, it is essential to predict the rock dilatancy point under different water contents to get an early warning for effective monitoring of engineering projects. This study investigates the water contents effects on sandstone dilatancy point under loading in the presence of infrared radiation (IR). Furthermore, this IR was used for the first time as an input parameter for different artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to predict the dilatancy point in the stress-strain curve. The experimental findings show that the stress range in stress-strain curve stages (crack closure and unstable crack propagation) increases with water content. However, this range for deformation and stable crack propagation stages decreases with water content. The dilatancy stress, crack initiation stress, and elastic modulus are negatively linearly correlated, while peak stress and stress level are negatively quadraticaly correlated with a high (R2). The absolute strain energy rate, which gives a sudden increase at the point of dilatancy, is used as the dilatancy point index. The stress level is 0.86 σmax at the dilatancy point for dry rock and decreases with water content. This index is predicted from IR data using three computing techniques: artificial neural network (ANN), random forest regression (RFR), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN). The performance of all techniques was evaluated using R2 and root-means-square error (RMSE). The results of the predicted models show satisfactory performances for all, but KNN is remarkable. The research findings will be helpful and provide guidelines about underground engineering project stability evaluation in water environments. © 2022 Liqiang Ma et al. All Rights Reserved. This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51874280) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2021ZDPY0211).

This article discusses the successful implementation of a liver exchange mechanism that led to 3 liver allotransplants and 3 hepatectomies between 3 incompatible patient-donor pairs.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-positive breast cancer is an aggressive cancer which represents approximately a quarter of all breast cancers worldwide. Recent advances have led to the development of targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab (H), which have significantly improved prognosis. Such therapies are currently used alongside other chemotherapeutic agents, such as paclitaxel (P) and gemcitabine (G). The most common side effects of PGH combination therapy include thrombocytopenia and anemias. However, there have been no previous reports of myositis resulting from this combination. We report the case of a 54-year-old metastatic breast cancer patient on PGH therapy who developed muscle weakness. The patient was initially treated with trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and paclitaxel. However, pertuzumab was changed to gemcitabine due to severe diarrhea. After the fourth cycle of PGH, the patient presented with muscle weakness and creatine kinase levels of up to 6755 U/L. Magnetic resonance imaging of the femur and pelvis revealed diffuse bilateral myositis, suggesting a diagnosis of gemcitabine-induced myositis. The patient was placed on intravenous fluids and corticosteroids, which resolved her condition. To our knowledge, this is the first report of gemcitabine-induced myositis in a breast cancer patient. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms of gemcitabine-induced myositis and develop preventative measures.

تنوعت مواضيع ومضامين النصوص في الكتابات المسمارية ولاسيما نصوص العصر البابلي القديم، فقد زخرت نصوص هذا العصر بتنوع المواضيع والتي شملت المواضيع الادبية والدينية، فضلاً عن الاقتصادية التي هي مجال بحثنا الذي يقوم على دراسة مجموعة من نصوص مسمارية متعلقة بـنوع من انواع الوجبات أو الحصص الغذائية المعروفة باللغة الأكدية في اللفظة naptanu التي تعني "حصة طعام أو وجبة طعام ", وفي الدلالة الادبية بمعنى " المأدبة" او "الوجبة الفاخرة", يقابلها في اللغة السومرية المصطلحات :NIG2.DU , KIN.SIG , BUR (CAD,N1,P.319).

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV2) infected about 93 million people and killed over two million worldwide. The disease transmits very quickly, therefore; due to its severity and widespread the World Health Organization has declared this menace as ‘Global Pandemic’. An urgent need was felt to manage this disease through aggressive and efficient research process all over the globe. That’s why drug re-purposing of 212 chemical entities (CEs) against SARS-COV2 was found to be one of the efficient ways in finding new indications of already discovered drugs amisdst of the discovery of a new drug. Results of this study revealed that out of 212 CEs, only Etodolac forms a hydrogen (H)-bond with a relatively low energy and active central fragment, demonstrating more significant interaction with SARS-CoV2 viral proteins. Other CEs exhibit good pharmacokinetics properties with the least acute toxicity through ADMET analysis. We also discovered other therapeutic applications of these CEs through Molinspiration. Etodolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug forms H-bonding with 5.6 kcal/mol binding energy with active residues of this receptor. This drug created H-bonding with PHE326 and PRO328, with pyridine group, and was found more suitable to control SARS-CoV2.

Borohydrides are promising candidates for hydrogen storage and generation assuming these can be tuned to reversibly deliver hydrogen under practical conditions. Nanostructuring of borohydrides has the potential to enable such control but this has remained elusive due to the lack of approaches to effectively prepare and stabilize borohydride nanostructures. Herein, a simple and straightforward method to assemble NaBH4, as a model borohydride, into sphere, cube, and bar‐like shapes using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), octadecylamine (ODA), and tridecanoic acid (TDA), respectively, is demonstrated. More importantly, the shape of the NaBH4 nanostructures could be tuned from one morphology to another by simply adjusting the ratio of surfactants and this is found to lead to distinct hydrogen properties. In particular, remarkable shifts in the melting points and hydrogen desorption temperatures are observed depending on the NaBH4 morphologies, i.e., spheres, cubes, or bars. For example, for the NaBH4 spheres, hydrogen release starts at ≈50 °C compared to the >500 °C of bulk NaBH4 without any transition metal dopant or catalyst. Observation of such structure‐dependent relationships finally enables new avenues to deliberately tune borohydrides toward nanostructures with specific hydrogen properties otherwise difficult to control.

The current outbreak of COVID-19 continues to threaten across the globe even after 9 months of its starting. The preventive measures and self-protecting measures are the suggested and viable solution to mitigate the spread of pandemic till new vaccine is discovered. The preventive measures are framed based on the detailed analysis of the current data of the ongoing pandemic. The correctness of the policies relies on the quality of the data and its analysis with a meaningful interpretation. In this paper, the present status of the epidemic across the world is analyzed using a control measure score which is computed using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) where partition of data is performed using fuzzy c-means clustering. We have used transmission rate and recovery rate independently obtained from the discrete version of the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model to predict the score. Since the transmission parameters depends on incubation period, recovery and death, the parameter has been calculated based on active cases where its mean value changes significantly. It is observed that the recovery rate is more than the transmission rate of all Gulf countries at present which shows that the outbreak reached its highest value. The current control measure score emphasizes on the normal working atmosphere keeping strict social distancing measures. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

The present novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has engendered a worldwide crisis on an enormous scale within a very short period. The effective solution for this pandemic is to recognize the nature and spread of the disease so that appropriate policies can be framed. Mathematical modelling is always at the forefront to understand and provide an adequate description of the transmission of any disease. In this research work, we have formulated a deterministic compartmental model (SEAMHCRD) including various stages of infection, such as Mild, Moderate, Severe and Critical to study the spreading of COVID-19 and estimated the model parameters by fitting the model with the reported data of ongoing pandemic in Oman. The steady-state, stability and final pandemic size of the model has been proved mathematically. The various transmission as well as transition parameters are estimated during the period from June 4th to July 30th, 2020. Based on the currently estimated parameters, the pandemic size is also predicted for another 100 days. Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the key model parameters, and the parameter gamma due to contact with the symptomatic moderately infected is found to be more significant in spreading the disease. Accordingly, the corresponding basic reproduction number has also been computed using the Next Generation Matrix (NGM) method. As the value of the basic reproduction number (R0) is 0.9761 during the period from June 4th to July 30th, 2020, the disease-free equilibrium is stable. Isolation and tracing the contact of infected individuals are recommended to control the spread of disease.

Since antiquity, the survival of human civilization has always been threatened by the microbial infections. An alarming surge in the resistant microbial strains against the conventional drugs is quite evident in the preceding years. Furthermore, failure of currently available regimens of antibiotics has been highlighted by the emerging threat of biofilms in the community and hospital settings. Biofilms are complex dynamic composites rich in extracellular polysaccharides and DNA, supporting plethora of symbiotic microbial life forms, that can grow on both living and non-living surfaces. These enforced structures are impervious to the drugs and lead to spread of recurrent and non-treatable infections. There is a strong realization among the scientists and healthcare providers to work out alternative strategies to combat the issue of drug resistance and biofilms. Plants are a traditional but rich source of effective antimicrobials with wider spectrum due to presence of multiple constituents in perfect synergy. Other than the biocompatibility and the safety profile, these phytochemicals have been repeatedly proven to overcome the non-responsiveness of resistant microbes and films via multiple pathways such as blocking the efflux pumps, better penetration across the cell membranes or biofilms, and anti-adhesive properties. However, the unfavorable physicochemical attributes and stability issues of these phytochemicals have hampered their commercialization. These issues of the phytochemicals can be solved by designing suitably constructed nanoscaled structures. Nanosized systems can not only improve the physicochemical features of the encapsulated payloads but can also enhance their pharmacokinetic and therapeutic profile. This review encompasses why and how various types of phytochemicals and their nanosized preparations counter the microbial resistance and the biofouling. We believe that phytochemical in tandem with nanotechnological innovations can be employed to defeat the microbial resistance and biofilms. This review will help in better understanding of the challenges associated with developing such platforms and their future prospects.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in burn patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study eliciting the risk factors in burn patients who developed thromboembolism. The study took place at the Adult Burn Unit, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Charts of all patients admitted to the burn unit from January 2010 to December 2016 were reviewed. Only patients 16 years of age and older were included. The research team with a consultant plastic surgeon developed the data sheet. A total of 304 patient records met the inclusion criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for developing VTE. Results: Out of the entire study group of 304 patients, the majority (88.8%) of the participants received prophylactic anticoagulation. Twelve patients (3.9%) developed VTE. All patients who developed VTE received prophylactic anticoagulation. Age, gender, body mass index, and degree of burn were not risk factors for VTE. However, electric burns were found to be an independent significant risk factor for developing VTE using a multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion: Electric burns were found to be the only independent significant risk factor of developing VTE. Saudi Med J 2019; Vol. 40 (10): 1027-1031 doi: 10.15537/smj.2019.10.23955 How to cite this article: Althunayan TA, AlQarni SM, Mohsenh WA, Alkhalifah AM, Alsadi AN, Alrushid OS, Al-Qattan MM.Risk factors for thromboembolism in burn patients admitted to the burn unit at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2019; 40: 1027-1031. doi: 10.15537/smj.2019.10.23955

Graph theory concepts applicable in more real life problems. The 3rd dimensional product of vertex measurable graph is applicable in supply chain network. Assigning secondary warehouses and...

Biomineralization is a promising material synthesis strategy for environmentally benign production of nanostructured metal oxides. An important question is whether biomineralization can be used in the biomimetic synthesis of TiO2 with tunable photocatalytic properties that are conducive to diverse solar energy conversion applications. Here, we report the biomineralization of energy-state-modified TiO2 nanoparticles, where the critical properties closely related to their photocatalytic activity can be manipulated by tailoring the nature of the designer biotemplates. For this purpose, STB1 heptapeptide was employed as a nucleation center to induce TiO2 biomineralization. Three distinctive types of biomolecules (peptide, protein, and phage) were deliberately designed to contain the STB1 nucleation core at different local densities and intermolecular distances. The degree of substitutional nitrogen-doping and the morphology are all subject to the context-dependent differential availability of STB1 in the biomineralization milieu. Phage-induced biomineralization results in TiO2 with modified energy state and wire-like network morphology, which account for significantly enhanced charge dissociation/transport performance and high photocatalytic activity. This is the first study to report that a specific peptide with biomineralizing activity exerts differential impacts on the properties of resulting biomineralization products in a context-dependent manner, and will provide a powerful new strategy for tailoring of material properties via biomineralization.

For better stability, safety and water resource management in a dam, it is important to evaluate the amount of seepage from the dam body. This research is focused on machine learning approach to predict the amount of seepage from Pakistan’s Earth and rock fill Tarbela Dam during 2003 to 2015. The data of temperature, rainfall, water inflow, sediment inflow, reservoir level collected during 2003 to 2015 served as input while the seepage from dam during this period was the output. Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and CatBoost (CB), have been used to model the input-output relationship. The algorithms used to predict the dam seepage reported a high R2 scores between actual and predicted values of average seepage, suggesting their reliability in predicting the seepage in the Tarbela Dam. Moreover, the CatBoost algorithm outperformed, by achieving an R2 score of 0.978 in training, 0.805 in validation, and 0.773 in testing phase. Similarly, RMSE was 0.025 in training, 0.076 in validation, and 0.111 in testing phase. Furthermore, to understand the sensitivity of each parameter on the output (average seepage), Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), a model explanation algorithm, was used to understand the affect of each parameter on the output. A comparison of SHAP used for all the machine learning models is also presented. According to SHAP summary plots, reservoir level was reported as the most significant parameter, affecting the average seepage in Tarbela Dam. Moreover, a direct relationship was observed between reservoir level and average seepage. It was concluded that the machine learning models are reliable in predicting and understanding the dam seepage in the Tarbela Dam. These Machine Learning models address the limitations of humans in data collecting and analysis which is highly prone to errors, hence arriving at misleading information that can lead to dam failure.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV2) infected about 93 million people and killed over two million worldwide. The disease transmits very quickly, therefore; due to its severity and widespread the World Health Organization has declared this menace as ‘Global Pandemic’. An urgent need was felt to manage this disease through aggressive and efficient research process all over the globe. That’s why drug re-purposing of 212 chemical entities (CEs) against SARS-COV2 was found to be one of the efficient ways in finding new indications of already discovered drugs amisdst of the discovery of a new drug. Results of this study revealed that out of 212 CEs, only Etodolac forms a hydrogen (H)-bond with a relatively low energy and active central fragment, demonstrating more significant interaction with SARS-CoV2 viral proteins. Other CEs exhibit good pharmacokinetics properties with the least acute toxicity through ADMET analysis. We also discovered other therapeutic applications of these CEs through Molinspiration. Etodolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug forms H-bonding with 5.6 kcal/mol binding energy with active residues of this receptor. This drug created H-bonding with PHE326 and PRO328, with pyridine group, and was found more suitable to control SARS-CoV2.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV2) infected about 93 million people and killed over two million worldwide. The disease transmits very quickly, therefore; due to its severity and widespread the World Health Organization has declared this menace as ‘Global Pandemic’. An urgent need was felt to manage this disease through aggressive and efficient research process all over the globe. That’s why drug re-purposing of 212 chemical entities (CEs) against SARS-COV2 was found to be one of the efficient ways in finding new indications of already discovered drugs amisdst of the discovery of a new drug. Results of this study revealed that out of 212 CEs, only Etodolac forms a hydrogen (H)-bond with a relatively low energy and active central fragment, demonstrating more significant interaction with SARS-CoV2 viral proteins. Other CEs exhibit good pharmacokinetics properties with the least acute toxicity through ADMET analysis. We also discovered other therapeutic applications of these CEs through Molinspiration. Etodolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug forms H-bonding with 5.6 kcal/mol binding energy with active residues of this receptor. This drug created H-bonding with PHE326 and PRO328, with pyridine group, and was found more suitable to control SARS-CoV2.

Clustering approaches are widely used to group similar objects and facilitate problem analysis and decision-making in many fields. During short-term planning of open-pit mines, clustering aims to aggregate similar blocks based on their attributes (e.g., geochemical grades, rock types, geometallurgical parameters) while honoring various constraints: i.e., cluster shapes, size, alignment with mining direction, destination, and rock type homogeneity. This approach helps to reduce the computational cost of optimizing short-term mine plans. Previous studies have presented ways to perform clustering without honoring constraints specific to mining. This paper presents a novel block clustering heuristic capable of considering and honoring a set of mining block aggregation requirements and constraints. Constraints can relate to the clustering adjacent blocks, achieving higher destination homogeneities, controlled cluster size, consistency with mining direction, and achieving clusters with mineable shapes and rock types’ homogeneity. The proposed algorithm’s application on two different datasets demonstrates its efficiency and capability in generating reasonable block clusters while meeting different predefined aggregation requirements and constraints.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systematic autoimmune disorder characterized by a persistent joint inflammation. A subset of HLA-DRB1 alleles known as shared epitope (SE) are the strongest genetic risk factors to develop anti-citrullinated protein antibody positive (ACPA-positive) RA. A strong enrichment of interactions exists between ACPA-positive RA-associated genetic variants and HLA-DRB1 SE alleles in disease development. Pathway analysis was performed to investigate how the interactions between risk variants (SNPs) with HLA-DRB1 from a previous study related to ACPA-positive RA. Gene-gene interactions analysis was performed between non-HLA risk variants and HLA-DRB1 SE alleles in SRQ biobank (SRQb) case-control cohort. We also evaluated whether the reported gene-gene interactions from a previous study relate to methotrexate (MTX) response for RA patients, at three and six months of follow-up in EIRA study. Interaction analysis based on an additive model was performed to understand the combined effect of two risk factors in the disease and treatment response. Two out of three genes from pathway analysis that were RXRA and NR3C1, pointed to ACPA-positive RA related important pathways including vitamin D receptor (VDR) pathway and adipocytokine signaling pathway. The replication analysis in SRQ-case-control study showed 2.627% of the evaluated SNPs insignificant additive interaction with HLA-DRB1 SE alleles. No interactions were significant in relation to the response to MTX monotherapy after 3 and 6 months follow-up. This project provides new insights into the gene-gene interactions in the study of ACPA-positive RA and suggests candidate genes for future functional studies.