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This study aims to analyze the implementation of prisoner coaching in Class IIB Polewali Mandar Penitentiary and to analyze the factors that influence the implementation of prisoner coaching in Class IIB Polewali Mandar Penitentiary. This research is empirical research. The data sources used consist of primary data, namely data from informants at Class IIB Polewali Mandar Penitentiary. Secondary data, namely data obtained from books, the internet, and related legislation. Data collection techniques are by interviews and direct observation. All of these data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. The results of the study show that (1) the implementation of convict coaching in Class IIB Polewali Mandar Penitentiary has been carried out quite well personality development and independence development. Personality development includes fostering religious awareness, fostering awareness of the nation and state, fostering intellectual abilities, fostering legal awareness and skills. While fostering self-sufficiency includes bread making, carpentry, electric welding, hydroponics, barbershop, paving blocks, handicrafts from sticks, laying hens, fisheries, goat farming, sewing, workshops, agriculture, and laundry. (2) The factors that influence the implementation of convict coaching at the Polewali Mandar Class IIB Penitentiary include legal factors, law enforcement factors, facilities or facilities, community factors, and cultural factors, each of which has an interrelated role so that the implementation run optimally.

This study aims to determine (1) the Corruption Criminal Law Policy on the Misuse of Hospital Medical Devices by State Civil Apparatuses. (2) The role of the government in prosecuting corruption crimes involving the misuse of hospital medical devices carried out by state civil apparatus. The preparation of this thesis uses an empirical legal approach, in which the author looks at law in its real sense and examines how the law works in society. With this research, it is concluded that: The role of criminal law in dealing with criminal acts of Corruption in the form of abuse of hospital medical devices committed by the state apparatus is contained in Articles 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12B, and Article 23 of the Corruption Law (which adopted Articles 421, 422, 429, and Article 430 of the Criminal Code). Corruption for civil servants and state administrators is a criminal act that can only be committed by people qualified as civil servants or state administrators. The role of law enforcers in the enforcement of corruption crimes in the abuse of hospital medical devices begins with the submission of reports originating from individuals, community organizations and non-governmental organizations, state institutions and government institutions, and information reports from the internal police, which an investigation process will then carry out with the assistance of the police and the Attorney General's Office. If the case file submitted by the investigator is deemed complete and the public prosecutor can prosecute the case, then the public prosecutor makes an indictment.

Arsenic (As3+) is the most carcinogenic and abundantly available heavy metal present in the environment.

This study aims to examine the position of environmental permits in the perspective of environmental crimes against cases of mangrove forest destruction in Makassar City. This study uses a normative-empirical research method, namely the type of normative legal research that is supported and equipped with empirical data. The research approach method used is the statutory approach and the case approach. The types and sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. Furthermore, both secondary and primary data were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques and presented descriptively. The results of this research are: The position of environmental permits in the perspective of environmental crimes is an absolute thing to be fulfilled. The environmental permit which was originally regulated in UUPPLH has now been amended in a new regulatory provision, namely Article Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation is an environmental agreement. The nomenclature is different, but the meaning remains the same, namely both environmental permits and environmental approvals are needed to limit the space for business actors to move so as not to deviate from the permits given.

This study purposes to analyze Law No. 23 Year 2004 in providing legal protection to victims of domestic violence against marriages that are not registered at the Office of Religious Affairs. The research is normative-legal research, using the statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. The legal materials used are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The collected legal materials are then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the law affirms that every citizen has the right to obtain legal protection, including victims of domestic violence. Law No. 23 Year 2004 concerning the elimination of domestic violence was then present to provide legal certainty related to legal protection in the event of domestic violence, the violence is both physical and psychological violence, the government then makes regulations related to protection schemes if it occurs violence starts from the protection of the police, social services, and courts. Especially for unregistered marriages, they can still get legal protection based on Law No. 23 Year 2004 if it can be proven that it is true that a marriage has occurred and lives in the same household.

Green synthesis is the most effective and environmentally friendly way to produce nanoparticles. The present research aimed at the biosynthesizing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Tribulus terrestris seed extract as the reducing and stabilizing agent and investigating their anti-diabetic properties. Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to analyze the synthesized silver nanoparticles from Tribulus terrestris (TT-AgNPs). The spectroscopic characterization revealed a surface Plasmon resonance band at 380 nm, which verified the development of TT-AgNPs. The transmittance peaks were observed at 596, 1450, 1631, 2856, 2921, and 3422 cm−1 through the FTIR spectrophotometer. The XRD spectrum showed four distinct diffraction peaks in the 2θ range at 20° to 60°. Intense peaks were at 26.32°, 30.70°, 44.70°, 56.07°, 53.75°, 66.28°, and 75.32°. The SEM analysis revealed that the prepared TT-AgNPs were clustered loosely with a smooth and spherical structure and were of relatively uniform size. The in vitro antidiabetic potential of TT-AgNPs was assessed by using glucose yeast uptake, glucose adsorption, and alpha-amylase assays. TT-AgNPs showed the highest activity (78.45 ± 0.84%) of glucose uptake by yeast at 80 µg/mL. In the glucose adsorption assay, the highest activity of TT-AgNPs was 10.40 ± 0.52% at 30 mM, while in the alpha-amylase assay, TT-AgNPs exhibited the maximum activity of 75.68 ± 0.11% at 100 µg/mL. The results indicate a substantial anti-diabetic effect of the TT-AgNPs. Furthermore, the in vivo antidiabetic study was performed on TT-AgNPs in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. After receiving TT-AgNPs treatment for 30 days, the mice were sacrificed for biochemical and histological analyses of pancreatic and liver samples, which demonstrated a good improvement when compared to the control group. Mice treated with TT-AgNPs showed a significant drop in blood sugar levels, showing that the biosynthesized TT-AgNPs have effective anti-diabetic properties.

This research aims to find out the ideal role of justice collaborators in disclosing corruption cases. This research is empirical law research. This research's primary and secondary data are categorized according to the data type before being analyzed using qualitative methods, i.e., analyzing data related to the problem being studied, then selecting based on logical thinking to avoid errors in the data analysis process. The findings show that the ideal form of the role of justice collaborator depends largely on how far the commitment of the apparatus in providing legal protection to the, how firm the willingness of law enforcement agencies and rule-makers to make a clear, firm, and the complete rule of law regarding justice collaborators. In addition, a clear article should be added to the Corruption Criminal Case about the reward for justice collaborators.

Nanotechnology has recently appeared as an important study subject in modern material sciences. Greener synthesis of nanoparticles has gained the attention of many scientists because of its integral characteristics such as effectiveness, eco-friendly, and low cost. In the present study by following the green synthesis approach, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were formed for the very first time by using Senecio chrysanthemoides leaf extract as a reducing agent. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to study the synthesized ZnO NPs, and the specific peak was found to be at 349 nm. The characteristic Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) peak was found to be at 449 cm-1 which displays the peak of ZnO molecules. The surface morphology of the ZnO NPs was determined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) study showed that the synthesized ZnO NPs are present at the weight percentage of 66.38%. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum confirmed the hexagonal phase wurtzite structure, with the average particle size of 31 nm, and demonstrated the crystalline structure of ZnO NPs. Additionally, to all these experiments, we compared the anti-inflammatory properties of biogenic ZnO NPs to a standard drug. Biosynthesized ZnO NPs have revealed an effective anti-inflammatory activity at a higher concentration (100 mL-1) and showed 73% inhibition in comparison with diclofenac sodium drug. Zinc oxide was shown to be compatible with diclofenac sodium, according to the results. The ZnO NPs produced using the greener synthesis process have the potential to be used in a broad range of fields and also used as a good anti-inflammatory agent.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Morphological characterizations and Gram stain of the twenty-five bacterial isolates.

The Internet has brought new realities to every human life, the internet has also changed distance and time to infinity. crimes that often occur in the internet media is fraud on behalf of online businesses in the name of internet media. the purpose of the study was to analyze the barriers in law enforcement against online crimes as well as the effectiveness of law enforcement against online fraud crimes in the wajo police jurisdiction. the type of research used in this study is empirical law research located in wajo police jurisdiction. The results showed that obstacles in law enforcement against online crimes In terms of Personnel or Investigator Aspects, Aspects of Facilities and Infrastructure, Budget Aspects, and Community Aspects while the effectiveness of law enforcement against online fraud crimes in the Wajo Police Jurisdiction is 1) substance that in the law enforcement system needs to take decisive action or see the legal basis of the criminal, and the basis of law enforcement to optimize and maximize its performance is the legal basis of Law No. 19 of 2016 on amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 on information and electronic transactions Article 28 paragraph (1) and Article 378 in the Criminal Code, and Article 390 of the Criminal Code and law enforcement that is before the investigation, certain crimes have been known but the crime is not yet clear and it is not yet known who did it.

This study aims to determine the role of the public prosecutor in the application of PERJA Number 15 of 2020 concerning Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice against criminal cases of theft and to determine the role of the prosecutor in the future in implementing Restorative Justice against criminal acts of theft whose losses have been recovered exceeding Rp 2,500,000,- (Two Million Five Hundred Thousand). This type of research is empirical juridical legal research, where the data is obtained from the field and described following the actual reality. The results of the study show that (1) cases that were settled based on PERJA Number 15 of 2020 concerning Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice must prioritize a peace agreement between the two parties by taking into account three main elements, namely the suspect is the first time to commit a crime, a crime only threatened with imprisonment of not more than 5 (five) years, and the loss of a crime not more than Rp 2,500,000,- (two million five hundred thousand rupiah). (2) The Public Prosecutor is considered to be too rigid in interpreting the phrase in Article 5 paragraph (1) letter c in which the loss of a criminal act cannot be more than Rp 2,500,000,- (two million five hundred thousand rupiah), even though there has been an agreement peace between the two parties, and the victim's losses have been restored to their original state, with an additional Rp 12,000,000,- (twelve million rupiahs). The application of Restorative Justice by the Public Prosecutor is not always fixed on the nominal limit according to the PERMA of Rp 2,500,000- (two million five hundred thousand rupiah) to realize the original condition, which is intended so that the victim who initially felt aggrieved due to the suspect's actions feels restored to his condition so that a peace agreement can be created between the victim and the perpetrator.

Among all the different methods to enhance the optical absorption of photovoltaic devices. The plasmonic effect is one the most prominent and effective ways to capture more incident light and also provide good carrier dynamic management. Here, we systematically introduce spherical gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with different radii in the absorber layer of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The overall enhanced optical absorption of around 14.20% and 20.02% is achieved for incorporated monolayer and bilayer Au NPs, respectively, in the active layer compared to the pure perovskite layer. Moreover, we employ the metal (Au)-dielectric (TiO2 and SiO2) nanoparticles in the absorber layer. The optical absorption increases as the core-shell size decreases. The optical absorption elevates in both Au@TiO2 core-shell and Au@SiO2 core-shell 17.5% and 3.5%, respectively. These results support superior separation and transfer of charge in the existence of plasmonic NPs. In addition, this study presents a very sophisticated approach in the optical enhancement of PSCs and thus helps to boost the overall photovoltaic device performance.

In matrix analysis, the scaling technique reduces the chances of an ill-conditioning of the matrix. This article proposes a one-parameter scaling memoryless Davidon–Fletcher–Powell (DFP) algorithm for solving a system of monotone nonlinear equations with convex constraints. The measure function that involves all the eigenvalues of the memoryless DFP matrix is minimized to obtain the scaling parameter’s optimal value. The resulting algorithm is matrix and derivative-free with low memory requirements and is globally convergent under some mild conditions. A numerical comparison showed that the algorithm is efficient in terms of the number of iterations, function evaluations, and CPU time. The performance of the algorithm is further illustrated by solving problems arising from image restoration.

To fulfill the increasing energy demand, it is necessary to develop such an electrode material for pseudocapacitors having a high energy density, better cycle life, and potential for commercialization. Herein, we report an electro-codeposition technique to fabricate a high-performance V2O5-PANi composite deposited on the metallic Nickel foam substrate as an electrode for pseudocapacitors. Ni foam serves as a porous and conductive framework and therefore shortens the ions diffusion pathway. Composite shows good performance than pure V2O5 and PANi due to their synergistic effect. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis have confirmed the successful incorporation of metal oxide into the polymer backbone. Moreover, V2O5-PANi composite exhibited a very wide voltage window of 2.5V (between − 1 and 1.5V vs. SCE), the highest specific capacitance of 1115 F/g, and less charge transfer resistance. The ability to prepare composite electrodes with high performance via a binder-free electro-codeposition technique could open up new prospects for high energy density pseudocapacitors.

Worldwide water pollution is a serious issue, which needs special attention. Among these pollutants, methylene blue (MB) is dangerous for aquatic life as well as for human beings. Researchers are trying their best to degrade the various pollutants found in water. In the present work, we synthesized ZnO nanorods (NRDs) by one-step hydrothermal method. The synthesized samples were then characterized with the help of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). ZnO nanostructures were composed of rod-shaped NRDs with flat edges and were highly crystalline with hexagonal shaped morphology. UV/Visible spectroscopy was carried out to investigate the optical properties, which shows the absorption in UV range and highly transmittance in the visible range. Finally, the photocatalytic activity was performed for the degradation of MB. The results show that MB was not fully degraded by bare ZnO NRDs. After all, we coated Ag NPs on the surfaces of ZnO NRDs through the simple solution-based method. The UV/Visible data reveal absorption in the UV as well as in the visible range due to the surface plasmonic effect of Ag NPs. Hybrid Ag-coated ZnO NRDs successfully degraded MB within 60 min. Therefore, we found that Ag-coated ZnO NRDs show good photocatalytic properties as compared to uncoated ZnO NRDs.

Single-phase lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) perovskite nanofibers, with $${\text{Pb}}\left({\text{Zr}}_{0.5}{\text{Ti}}_{0.5}\right){\text{O}}_{3}$$ composition were synthesized using the electrospinning technique. Poly-vinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) was used as viscosity controller, size and uniformity of the $${\text{Pb}}\left({\text{Zr}}_{0.5}{\text{Ti}}_{0.5}\right){\text{O}}_{3}$$ nanofibers were optimized against different PVP concentrations. The results showed that PVP concentrations play a significant role in the fabrication, homogeneity, uniformity, porosity, and particularly in the diameter of PZT nanofibers. SEM and XRD results revealed the formation of sing-phase $${\text{Pb}}\left({\text{Zr}}_{0.5}{\text{Ti}}_{0.5}\right){\text{O}}_{3}$$ nanofibers at 600 °C with an average diameter of ~ 96 nm. The prepared PZT nanofibers exhibited a significantly wide bandgap (~ 3.5 eV) and a high dielectric-constant (~ 1827). The device of single-phase PZT nanofibers was fabricated on interdigitated electrodes to study the current–voltage, impedance spectroscopy, and dielectric characteristics of the PZT nanofibers. The current–voltage characteristics of the fabricated device with PZT nanofibers showed non-ohmic properties. The non-linear I–V characteristics at temperatures between 308 and 408 K indicate two distinct regions. Impedance spectroscopy indicated the presence of non-ideal Debye type behavior in $${\text{Pb}}\left({\text{Zr}}_{0.5}{\text{Ti}}_{0.5}\right){\text{O}}_{3}$$ nanofibers and was ascribed to the existence of heterogeneity in the sample. The measured capacitances were assigned to two electro-active regions in the prepared $${\text{Pb}}\left({\text{Zr}}_{0.5}{\text{Ti}}_{0.5}\right){\text{O}}_{3}$$ nanofibers. A proto-type piezoelectric nanogenerator based on PZT nanofibers was fabricated to study the piezoelectric properties of $${\text{Pb}}\left({\text{Zr}}_{0.5}{\text{Ti}}_{0.5}\right){\text{O}}_{3}$$ nanofibers. PZT nanofibers were aligned on interdigitated electrodes of silver wire, which demonstrated piezoelectric performance and delivered an output voltage of ~ 40 V under periodic stress applications.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan alat bukti yang diperoleh dari teknologi informasi dalam pembuktian tindak pidana informasi dan transaksi elektronik dan kendala aparat penegak hukum dalam proses pembuktian tindak pidana informasi dan transaksi elektronik menurut UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2008. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah normatif empiris dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan studi kepustakaan terkait masalah penelitian, yaitu peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, jurnal, dan lain-lain. Hasil penelitian ini adalah penerapan teknologi informasi memiliki kedudukan sama dengan alat bukti lain dalam pembuktian di persidangan, sehingga pembuktian dengan menggunakan alat bukti yang diperoleh melalui teknologi informasi dapat dikategorikan sebagai alat bukti yang sah dalam persidangan, seperti dalam kasus Asriyanti di mana alat bukti elektronik atau alat bukti yang menggunakan teknologi informasi, khususnya dalam tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik, keabsahannya sudah jelas mengingat dalam kasus tersebut, alat bukti yang dipakai Jaksa Penuntut dalam membuktikan kesalahan terdakwa Asriyanti yang membidangi pencemaran nama baik di dunia maya atau internet adalah alat bukti elektronik atau alat bukti yang diperoleh melalui teknologi informasi. Faktor hukum, faktor penegak hukum, faktor sarana dan fasilitas, faktor masyarakat dan faktor kebudayaan adalah variabel yang mempengaruhi penegakan UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang tindak pidana informasi dan tansaksi elektronik.Kata kunci : Alat Bukti, Pembuktian, Teknologi Informasi.

Objective Important to conduct a scientific study of for empirical reality of the crime victims, that used as benchmark in achieving objectives of criminal law for the protection of: victims’ rights both physical and psychological, justice for crime perpetrators, the effectiveness of the justice system function, also crime prevention efforts. Methods This institutional instrument dealing with victims and showed importance in a practical and theoretical manner in criminal law. Results The MREC can be formed under the Ministry of Law and Human Rights as one of the sub-unit. When MREC has been established in the Ministry of Law and Human Rights with functions to restore and to counsel, then technically it can be collaborated with various parties including the Ministry of Health to provide physical and psychological health services due to traumatic experiences, cooperation with Legal Education Institutions in Higher Education through the empowerment of Legal Clinics in each law faculty in providing legal understanding of victim crime with stimulant role. Conclusions it is very important to establish the Medical Rehabilitation and Education Center with the main task of medical rehabilitation and the counseling of crime victims. The establishment of the MREC at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights is urgent in fostering the coordination of various parties relevant to the implementation of MREC.

Electrospray deposition (ESD) for the fabrication of multilayered (ML) bulk heterojunction polymeric solar cells via direct/inverted configurations was investigated. The active layer heterojunction (P3HT/PCBM) is deposited both in single and multilayered architectures. In ML configuration, the P3HT/PCBM blend film is sandwiched between thin donor (P3HT) and acceptor (PCBM) layers. In ZnO-based inverted solar cells, ZnO film synthesized by sol–gel process was deposited on ITO substrate using spin coatinng. Solar cells were fabricated via ESD and spin coating and the device’s performance parameters were compared. Higher efficiency was obtained in the case of (ML) ESD device (direct structure). Post thermal treatment showed that ESD devices exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.85% ML and 1.64% SL in direct structure while in the case of inverted structure PCEs of 1.30% ML and 0.82% SL were obtained as compared to 1.64% from the spin coated device at 120°C. The ML ESD devices have shown an overall efficiency enhancement of 13% (direct) and 58% (inverted) over the single layer (SL) ESD devices. The enhanced performance in ML devices is because there is a spatially uninterrupted pathway to the charge carrier transport towards their respective electrodes.

Among all the different methods to enhance the optical absorption of photovoltaic devices. The plasmonic effect is one the most prominent and effective ways to capture more incident light and also provide good carrier dynamic management. Here, we systematically introduce spherical gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with different radii in the absorber layer of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The overall enhanced optical absorption around 14.20% and 20.02% is achieved for incorporated monolayer and bilayer Au NPs, respectively, in the active layer compared to the pure perovskite layer. Moreover, we employ the metal (Au)-dielectric (TiO2 and SiO2) nanoparticles in the absorber layer. The optical absorption increases as the core-shell size decreases. The optical absorption elevates in both Au@TiO2 core-shell and Au@SiO2 core-shell 17.5% and 3.5%, respectively. These results support superior separation and transfer of charge in the existence of plasmonic NPs. In addition, this study presents a very sophisticated approach in the optical enhancement of PSCs and thus helps to boost the overall photovoltaic device performance.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hak atas gaji pegawai negeri sipil yang sedang menjalani proses hukum serta menganalisis kualifikasi tindak pidana korupsi dalam lingkup Aparatur Sipil Negara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan kasus. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di wilayah hukum Kejaksaan Negeri Soppeng dan SKPD Kabupaten Soppeng, Sulawesi Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hak atas gaji dan tunjangan pegawai negeri sipil yang sedang menjalani proses hukum diatur dalam Pasal 281 PP Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen ASN dimana ASN yang diberhentikan sementara karena ditahan sebagai tersangka tidak diberikan penghasilan. Sebaliknya, diberikan uang pemberhentian sementara. Uang pemberhentian sementara diberikan sebesar 50% (lima puluh persen) dari penghasilan jabatan terakhir sebagai ASN sebelum diberhentikan sementara sesuai ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Uang pemberhentian sementara tersebut diberikan pada bulan berikutnya sejak ditetapkannya pemberhentian sementara.

The current study draws attention to analyze the right to salary of Civil Servant (PNS) undergoing legal proceedings and to analyze the qualifications of criminal act of corruption within the scope of the State Civil Apparatus. This study was an empirical legal research. The findings showed that the right to salary and benefits of Civil Servant undergoing legal proceedings was regulated in Article 281 of Law No. 11 of 2017 concerning Management of Civil State Apparatus that Civil Servant who were temporary dismissed due to detention of a suspect shall not be entitled to receive salary, but shall receive temporary dismissal pay. The amount of temporary dismissal pay is 50% (fifty percent) of the last salary as civil servant before being temporary dismissed in accordance with the laws and regulations. Temporary dismissal pay shall be received in the following month since the stipulation the temporary dismissal. On this basis, a comprehensive regulation is needed relating to supervisory oversight mechanism who made an omission against her subordinate civil servants who have committed disciplinary violations, especially those who were suspected of committing criminal act.

We report the fabrication of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ss-DSSCs), using a metal-free organic dye (D102) as a sensitizer. Mesoporous TiO2 acting as a photoanode, is prepared from TiO2 nanopaste followed by drafting light-absorbing dye molecules. Spiro-OMeTAD is used as a hole transport material (HTM), which has a potential role in the energy conversion process of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ss-DSSCs). Here, TiO2 mesoporous films are used with three different thicknesses (∼ 1.5 μm, ∼ 1.7 μm and ∼ 2.0 μm) for the device fabrication. Various characterizations of optimum TiO2 porous film (with the thickness of ∼ 2.0 μm) are performed such as ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) transmission, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmittance analysis reveals that transparency of the TiO2 films ranges from 70% to 80%. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of TiO2 shows anatase as its major crystalline phase. The porous structure formation of the TiO2 film is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) cross section analysis. Photovoltaic performance of the devices was examined in air. Higher power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.5% is obtained with optimum device thickness (∼ 2.3 μm). The device stability test is performed under continuous illumination for 2 h, showing slightly good air and light stability.

A periodic array of core–shell Cu@TiO2 nanoparticle for plasmonic dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in the wavelength range between 350–750 nm was studied. The size of copper nanospheres was 70 nm while the length and diameter of the copper nanorods were 100 and 10 nm, respectively. The UV-Visible absorption spectrum showed that the photo-anode based copper added TiO2 has 29.3% absorption capability compared with copper-free TiO2. TiO2 with shell thickness of 5 nm coated copper exhibited the absorption efficiency of 71.9%, while short circuit current density of 17.52 mA cm− 2 for Ci@TiO2 photo-anode. This was attributed to a strong localized electric field around ultra-thin TiO2-coated copper nanospheres. The UV-Visible results of different geometries indicated that the spherical-shaped Cu@TiO2 nanoparticles induced the high absorption capability of 3.4% compared to rod-shaped Cu@TiO2 nanoparticles. The hybrid nanorods/nanospheres bilayer photo-anode showed the high optical UV-Visible absorption of 11.42% as compared with nanospheres/nanorods, ascribed to the large surface area for dye-loading excellent light scattering.

Children who need special protection if they are in an environment full of violence or tend not to care. The legal aspects of child protection need to be considered because legal protection of children and juvenile justice is one way to protect children in their future growth. Cases of violence against children are rife in Indonesia, namely acts of violence such as abuse, harassment and acts of sexual violence. This type of research is normative-empirical legal research at the Makassar Legal Aid Institute, the Indonesian Women's Association for Legal Assistance for Makassar Justice, the HARS Legal Aid Institute, and the Law Faculty Consultation and Legal Aid Unit at Hasanuddin University. The data source of this research is primary data from interviews and secondary data from literature studies, namely collecting data and legislation, books of scientific work, and opinions of experts. The study uses quantitative data analysis by combining secondary data obtained from literature. The results of this study concerning the forms of legal aid provided by LBH for children as victims included sociological assistance, monitoring of hearings in the court, and diversion assistance. While the optimization of services provided by LBH in handling children dealing with the law in this case the victim's child has not been effective. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v11i3.4249. How to cite item: Aksan, D., Karim, M., & Asis, A. (2020). Legal assistance agencies for children as criminal action victims in criminal justice processes. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum ,11(3). 313-322. doi:10.26905/idjch.v11i3.4249.

Thick coatings, up to few microns, of the active material are necessary for the preparation and commercialization of electrode materials for energy storage applications, as thin layers of active material drains out of the current collector after a few cycles. Moreover, larger mass loading of the active material is required for high energy density pseudocapacitor applications as more active material involves more redox reactions to store large amount of charge. This study reports thick electrodeposits of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) on nickel foam substrate and its evaluation as supercapacitor electrode material. Vanadium pentoxide with thickness of 3–5 μm were successfully electrodeposited (potentiostatically and galvanostatically) on metallic nickel foam to obtain potentiostatically electrodeposited V2O5 on nickel foam (PE-V2O5Ni) and galvanostatically electrodeposited V2O5 on nickel foam (GE-V2O5Ni), respectively. The PE-V2O5Ni electrode with layered morphologies exhibits more charge storage and discharge capability than spherically dense morphologies of GE-V2O5Ni electrodes. The synthesized electrode materials were structurally, morphologically and chemically characterized through X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The PE-V2O5Ni and GE-V2O5Ni exhibited gravimetric capacitance of 657 and 421 F g−1 with tremendous stability in the polypropylene carbonate electrolyte.

Nanostructured sodium metal orthosilicates hold a lot of promise as next-generation cathodes but their practical application is hindered by the complex crystal structure and electrochemical behaviour. Herein, cubic polymorphs of Na2FeSiO4 with F-43 m symmetry decorated on carbon nanotubes have been synthesised successfully using a novel two-step process. The composite material with 0.08 wt% of carbon nanotubes demonstrate a capacity corresponding to a 1.25 sodium-ion exchange process resulting in 172.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1C cycled in the voltage range between 1.5 and 4.5 V. This work also highlights the mechanism of insertion/extraction process using complementary techniques of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction revealing the involvement of Fe 3 d band and conversion of Fe+2 to Fe+3 during first sodium-ion extraction while second sodium-ion extraction is possible due to further oxidation of Fe+3. The discharge capacity is remarkable even at the high current rate of 20C, where we obtained the final capacity of 109.3 mAh g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance reported here is due to the high structural stability of Na2FeSiO4 composed of rigid corner-sharing tetrahedra, improved electronic conductivity by carbon nanotubes, reduced particle size, increased defect structure, high sodium-ion diffusion coefficient and the decreased charge transfer resistances.

The study aimed to examine school drug education and agile leadership and lawlessness factors in children involving adults. This report led to a study on child narcotics crimes. 17 district court decisions from 2017-2020 are the unit of analysis, using the Question Nvivo-12 plus software process. The aim of using Nvivo-12 plus is to analyze data with a data coding model. In addition, the writers also interviewed main witnesses, including judges who prosecuted child narcotics cases. . The data analysis procedure includes a validity test using triangulation of sources, time, and place. Grouping of data in the form of images and tables that have been processed for analysis with three data analysis techniques through percentages, making explanations, and comparing with theories or previous research results. According to the findings of the study, drugs education for youngsters involved in narcotics cases is critical. Furthermore, economic constraints, unsatisfactory home conditions, invites from acquaintances, and the influence of social media are all variables that lead to children committing narcotics offenses. In addition to these factors, the authors also found something new that makes children entangled in narcotics crimes, namely the involvement of adults who use children in the narcotics trade. For these factors, agile leadership is need, especially adult leaders with sensitivity, leadership unity, and quality of optimizing resources to protect children from the effects of drug abuse and the need to build particular educational institutions for children involved in crime. So children are given adequate education and skills, so they are not entangled again in drug cases.. Keywords: Drug Education, Violation of The Law, Criminal Act, Leadership Agility

The objective of this study was to hold directors accountable for company losses, the existence of business judgment rule in positive law, and the application of Business Judgment Rule as Legal Protection of the Board of Directors in Corruption Cases. The data obtained was presented analytically descriptively where the facts were described and later analyzed based on the laws and rules applicable in Indonesia as well as the theories. The accountability of the directors of State-Owned Enterprises for the company’s losses could be classified as acts that harm the state’s finances that include administrative, civil, and criminal responsibilities. The existence of business judgment rule doctrine in positive law had been regulated in Article 97 paragraph (5) of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies but had not been regulated technically related to the procedures for its application. The application of the business judgment rule doctrine as the protection of directors of State-Owned Enterprises in corruption cases should be used as material for consideration related to the removal of the defendant’s fault.

Sm3+ ions doped sodium-tetra-borate glasses were developed by melt quenching technique and their physical and luminescence properties were studied. The developed glasses absorbs photons in the UV–Vis–NIR regions. Photoluminescence (excitation and emission) characteristics shows that under 402 nm excitation, strong emission in the orange region owing to the 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition of Sm3+ ion was observed. Using absorption spectra, Judd–Ofelt (JO) parameters were evaluated. From the JO theory, the radiative properties which includes the radiative transition probabilities, branching ratios and stimulated emission cross section were calculated. Being transparent and a long decay time with an efficient energy transfer from the host matrix to the luminescence center, the developed glasses exhibit promising luminescence properties. The calculated CIE color coordinates and color purity show that the color coordinates of the developed glasses lie in the orange region. The obtained results revealed that the present glasses are promising for the orange light-emitting diodes and solid state laser applications.

We report the luminescence and energy transfer features in (B2O3)0.55-x(Li2O)0.30 (MgO)0.10(Gd2O3)0.05 (Sm2O3)x glasses, prepared via melt-quenching rout. By employing the Judd–Ofelt (JO) theory, the spectral parameters such as oscillator strengths, stimulated emission cross-sections, radiative transition probability and branching ratios are evaluated from the absorption and emission spectra. The dipole-dipole interaction as a dominant interaction mechanism is confirmed from Inokuti–Hirayama (IH) model. The luminescent color falls in the orange part of commission International de I'Eclaiage (CIE). The ultra-violet (UV) sensitization of visible emission of Sm3+ is analyzed by the photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra and the lifetime measurement. The Gd: 6P7/2–8S7/2 emission in UV range and the Sm3+:4G5/2 –6HJ luminescence at 598 nm were observed upon the excitation of Gd:4f level by λexc = 275 nm. Moreover, the impact of energy transfer on the donor-acceptor luminescence, quantum efficiency, and donor luminescence decay kinetics are investigated. It is found that efficient orange luminescence originates from Sm3+ emitting centers. These findings show that these as-prepared luminescent glasses are promising in orange LEDs and laser applications.

International audience; Three tris(thienylphenyl)amine-based molecular glass hole transporting materials were synthetized, characterized and incorporated in solid state dye-sensitized solar cells. Devices using these compounds as solid hole conductors show relatively high V oc thanks to good energy level matching between them and the associated D102 indoline dye. However, they yield relatively low J sc and FF compared to Spiro-OMeTAD based control devices, which is due to an order of magnitude lower conductivity with respect to Spiro-OMeTAD. Maximum solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiencies of 1.2% under standard illumination condition was obtained. Stability tests of unsealed devices in air under continuous illumination have been performed and devices based on new compounds have kept up to 80% of their initial efficiency.