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Khalid Al-Mugheed,1 Burcu Totur Dikmen,2 Nurhan Bayraktar,3 Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem,4 Samira Ahmed Alsenany5 1Adult Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, 12734, Saudi Arabia; 2Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 3Nursing Department, School of Health Sciences, Atılım University, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey; 4Department of Nursing Management and Education, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Khalid Al-Mugheed, Adult Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, 12734, Saudi Arabia, Email khalid.edu@yahoo.comPurpose: To determine barriers to preventing venous thromboembolism in total knee and hip arthroplasty patients by surgical nurses.Methods: This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach. The semi-structured interview questionnaire included two questions focused on nursing care practices for VTE prevention and barriers faced during VTE prophylaxis in total knee and hip arthroplasty patients. Study data were collected from 10 surgical nurses through semi-structured interviews in July 2021.Results: After analyzing the data, two main themes, five categories, and fourteen subcategories were developed. The main themes included “Nursing care” and “Barriers.” Two categories were reflected in terms of nursing care: general care and mechanical prophylaxis. Regarding barriers, the analysis of the interview reflected three main categories: “lack of professional competence”, “work conditions challenges”, and “resistance from patients”.Conclusion: Educational institutions must play a critical role in preparing surgical nurses by establishing clinical nurse specialist programs and post-graduate diplomas programs that sufficiently prepare nurses for clinical settings.Keywords: venous thromboembolism, nursing care, barriers, surgical nurses

Majdi M Alzoubi,1 Asmaa Al-Mahasneh,1 Khalid Al-Mugheed,2 Marwa Al Barmawi,1 Samira Ahmed Alsenany,3 Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem4 1Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 2College of Nursing, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Nursing Management and Education, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Majdi M Alzoubi, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, Email mujdi.alzoubi@zuj.edu.jo Khalid Al-Mugheed, College of Nursing, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Email khalid.edu@yahoo.comPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the medication administration error perceptions among Jordanian critical care nurses.Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used among Jordanian critical care nurses. The total number of completed questionnaires submitted for analysis was 340. Data were collected between July and August 2022 in two health sectors (governmental hospitals and educational hospital) in the middle and north region in Jordan through a self-administered questionnaire on medication administration errors which includes 65 items with three parts.Results: Nurses showed negative perceptions toward medication administration errors. The majority of participants agreed that “The packaging of many medications is similar” (76.7%), followed by “different medications look alike” (76.2%), as the main reasons for medication error occurrence. Two thirds of participants agreed that “when med errors occur, nursing administration focuses on the individual rather than looking at the systems as a potential cause of the error” (74.1%). Similarly, 73.5% of them believed nurses were blamed if something happens to the patient as a result of the medication error was the main reason for underreporting of MAEs. The highest reported levels of medication errors were in a range between 41% and 70%, for both types intravenous (IV) medication errors and non-intravenous (non-IV) medication errors.Conclusion: Implement interventions centered on MAEs in particular among critical care nurses, owing to the proven significance of it in foretelling their crucial role in delivering safe care to patients, which will lead to quantifiable returns on both patient outcomes and nurse health, as well as the overall efficiency and image of the organization.Keywords: medication administration errors, critical care nurses, perceptions, underreporting

In the human genome, about 750 genes contain one intron excised by the minor spliceosome. This spliceosome comprises its own set of snRNAs, among which U4atac. Its noncoding gene, RNU4ATAC , has been found mutated in Taybi-Linder (TALS/microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1), Roifman (RFMN), and Lowry-Wood (LWS) syndromes. These rare developmental disorders, whose physiopathological mechanisms remain unsolved, associate ante- and post-natal growth retardation, microcephaly, skeletal dysplasia, intellectual disability, retinal dystrophy, and immunodeficiency. Here, we report bi-allelic RNU4ATAC mutations in five patients presenting with traits suggestive of the Joubert syndrome (JBTS), a well-characterized ciliopathy. These patients also present with traits typical of TALS/RFMN/LWS, thus widening the clinical spectrum of RNU4ATAC -associated disorders and indicating ciliary dysfunction as a mechanism downstream of minor splicing defects. Intriguingly, all five patients carry the n.16G>A mutation, in the Stem II domain, either at the homozygous or compound heterozygous state. A gene ontology term enrichment analysis on minor intron-containing genes reveals that the cilium assembly process is over-represented, with no less than 86 cilium-related genes containing at least one minor intron, among which there are 23 ciliopathy-related genes. The link between RNU4ATAC mutations and ciliopathy traits is supported by alterations of primary cilium function in TALS and JBTS-like patient fibroblasts, as well as by u4atac zebrafish model, which exhibits ciliopathy-related phenotypes and ciliary defects. These phenotypes could be rescued by WT but not by pathogenic variants-carrying human U4atac. Altogether, our data indicate that alteration of cilium biogenesis is part of the physiopathological mechanisms of TALS/RFMN/LWS, secondarily to defects of minor intron splicing.

Individual and group beliefs, attitudes, perceptions, competences, and behavioral patterns all contribute to the safety culture of a healthcare company. The study’s goal is to assess nurses’ perceptions of elements that influence patient safety culture in order to promote long-term nursing practice. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was done among a sample of 146 nurses who were recruited from one hospital in Egypt. They completed a self-administered, printed questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed participants’ socio-demographic data and their perception regarding patient safety culture for sustainable nursing practices. The findings revealed that nursing staff had a high perception regarding patient safety culture a with mean score (159.94 ± 7.864). Also, the highest percentage (74.66%) of had no safety events reported yearly. Creating a unit-specific patient safety culture suited to the competences of the unit’s RNs in patient safety practice would be crucial to increasing and sustaining high levels of patient safety attitudes, skills, and knowledge among the unit’s RNs, influencing patient safety. When implementing interventions to promote patient safety and reporting culture in hospitals, policymakers, hospital administrators, and nurse executives should take the current findings into account. A multidimensional network intervention addressing many elements of patient safety culture and integrating different organizational levels should be implemented to enhance patient safety and a no-blame culture.

Diabetes has been considered one of the most prevalent diseases. It has also posed a great threat to the health of many groups of people. Likewise, it negatively affects the body's organs causing many changes and problems, such as; skin problems, especially bacterial and fungal skin infections.To the end of ensuring a healthy and safe environment for the skin of a diabetic patient, this necessitates the appropriate selection of fabrics and textile materials to be able to deal with the biological changes affecting the skin as a result of the surrounding environment. In line with the tremendous scientific development in the field of preparing fabrics and textile materials and the improvement of their functional properties to resist the growth of micro-organisms represented in bacteria and fungi and to prevent their growth and reproduction that harms the human health and the environment, it has been necessary to pay attention to the production of anti-bacterial and microbial functional clothing treated with silver.This research aimed at studying the possibility of conducting the laboratory tests on some commercially prepared silver-treated fabrics to investigate their physical properties, wear-comfort properties and resistance to bacteria.This research utilized the experimental approach in conducting the laboratory tests on some commercially prepared silver-treated fabrics including (physical and mechanical tests - testing of bacteria on two types of (S. aureus E. coli). Data was statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance and calculating averages and standard deviation.The research results revealed that the sample (S3) came as the best of the samples, which were laboratory tested. Thus, the results showed that the greater the percentage of silver fabric treatment, the greater the resistance to bacteria, and thus it can be used to improve the clothing comfort of diabetic female patients and help reduce the effects of skin diseases. The study recommends the necessity of conducting further research on fabrics treated with modern techniques to ensure their effectiveness against bacteria and to benefit from them in improving the comfort of patients’ clothing in particular, and adding silver-treated fabrics partially to diabetic clothing to help reduce the effects of skin diseases.

Objective: To evaluate nursing staff’ perception of hospital readiness for continuity of essential health care services and surge capacity in line with COVID-19. Methods: A total of 300 nurses were recruited from one hospital in Saudi Arabia. They completed self-administered, online questionnaires. The questionnaire assessed participants’ socio-demographic data and their perceptions regarding hospital readiness for continuity of essential health care services and surge capacity in line with COVID-19. Results: The findings revealed that nursing staff had a moderate mean score regarding hospital readiness for continuity of health care services (3.89 ± 0.61) and an average mean value regarding surge capacity of 3.83 ± 0.63. Also, the value of R2 of surge capacity in healthcare can predict 82.9% of the variance in hospital readiness for continuity of health care services in terms of surge capacity. Conclusion: Hospital administrators could propose hospital regulations and protocols for the management of confirmed and suspected COVID-19 patients in addition to designing a continuing education program for health professionals at all levels related to prevention, control, and management of COVID-19 suspected and confirmed patients.

Background: Breastfeeding is a significant health issue; it is natural, safe, and nutritive for the babies. Objectives: The study aim was to assess nursing college students’ knowledge and attitudes about breastfeeding before and after studying an obstetrics course at a university in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: An exploratory descriptive study done in March 2017, in the College of Nursing. A convenient sample (94 and 63 students from levels 5 and 7, respectively) included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the students’ knowledge and attitudes, and to compare the results of those who studied the obstetric course and those who have not. Results: No significant difference was found between the two levels regarding the score of knowledge and attitude. Conclusion: Realization of the significance of breastfeeding should be promoted among nursing students through comprehensive training. Keywords: Breastfeeding, Nursing, Obstetric Course, Students.

The spread of ESBL producers in the community may impact the management of patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) involving Enterobacterales in emergency departments. Thus, from 2006 to 2018, data for all BSI episodes involving Enterobacterales from the emergency department of a French teaching hospital were retrospectively included. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results and empirical antibiotic regimens were recorded. Treatment was considered as appropriate if all isolates were susceptible in vitro to at least one prescribed antibiotic. A total of 1369 BSI episodes in 1321 patients was included. Urinary tract infection was the main source of BSI (61%). The prevalence of ESBL producers increased from zero to 9.2/100 Enterobacterales BSI cases (p

The preparation of polyacrylamide (PAAM)/silver (Ag) nanocomposites, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and vibrational structure were studied in this work. TEM results showed that the Ag particles were in sphere shape with 12 nm and 13 nm diameter. The X-ray diffraction results showed that, silver nanoparticles are present in the prepared nanocomposites 10 nm and 11 nm. The vibrational modes were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy.

This study examined the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE; Marsh, 1987) on mathematics self-concept of 7404 adolescents (female = 3767 [51%], male = 3637 [49%]; Mage = 15.85 years, SD = 0.28) from 456 schools in the United Arab Emirates, one of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The results of multilevel regression analyses indicated good support for the BFLPE's theoretical predictions: the effect of individual student mathematics achievement on individual student mathematics self-concept was positive and statistically significant, whereas the effect of school-average mathematics achievement on individual student mathematics self-concept was negative and statistically significant. Moreover, the interaction between school-average mathematics achievement and individual student mathematics achievement was small and non-significant. Implications of the findings for policy and practice are briefly discussed.

The brotherhood and love in Allah is one of the great blessings that Allah offers to faithful believer which draw among our hearts and from brotherhood among our souls together that has deep effect in their lives and in the stability of their souls. Brotherhood is one of the successful methods in spreading easiness and self confidence in the human Soule. This present good relationship among Muslims in spreading affection and harmony among people. In this research I have discussed the concept of brotherhood in Islam and its priority in Al- Quran and Sunna on the members of the society referring to the explanation books and pointing to the interest of Quran and Sunna in achieving the psychological security. I have used the library and analysis methodology in the whole knowledge, and shows the effect of brotherhood on the happiness and peace of people is minds.

Abdominal pregnancy is a potentially life threatening form of ectopic gestation and is seen in 1% of all ectopic pregnancies. It’s a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and the potential mortality can be reduced seriously with early diagnosis and treatment. It is rarely seen in advanced pregnancy weeks due to detectability on ultrasonography in early weeks. We aimed to present a rare, misdiagnosed, abdominal pregnancy. We present a case of 20 years old primigravida with 27 weeks abdominal pregnancy who presented at the emergency room with abdominal pain and minimal vaginal bleeding. She was referred from another hospital after 2 days failed induction for incorrect diagnosis of intrauterine dead fetus. The ultrasonography was performed and seen a normal uterus with no intrauterine pregnancy but seen a single extra uterine fetus with 27 weeks gestational age lying in the peritoneal cavity on the right side. We managed successfully with laparotomy. Abdominal pregnancy is rare, and successful management depends on a high index of suspicion. Ultrasonography and serial human chorionic gonadotrophin may help in the diagnosis. Teamwork, a multidisciplinary approach and expert opinion cannot be overemphasised to ensure successful management of these cases.

—Dual practice, health professionals working simultaneously in the public and private sectors, is perceived to negatively impact quality of health care. Though a range of policy options exists to regulate dual practice, little is known about the impact of different options on quality of care. Successful policy is dependent on a country's health care system, health labor market, monitoring of private sector activity, and enforceability of regulations. This article provides evidence on the potential impact of banning dual practice in Palestine. We apply theoretical evidence and international experience, together with context-specific primary and secondary data, to assess the policy's enforceability, implications, and sustainability in the Palestinian context. In this setting, though the risk of losing health workers to the private sector is low, banning dual practice will most likely lead to the “brain drain” of rare specialists from the public sector. Moreover, though there is some evidence that dual practice is negatively impacting quality of care, poor quality in public facilities associated with shortages in supplies and equipment, poor organizational and management practices, low motivation, and absence of monitoring and accountability systems are unlikely to change by banning dual practice. Finally, the ban, as conceptualized, is fiscally unsustainable in a strained health budget and may be challenging to enforce due to a weak monitoring system. Overall, it was found that an outright ban on dual practice would not reduce the financial burden on patients and enhance their access to quality services in the public sector.

Local fat-tailed and imported thin-tailed sheep breeds are used for lamb production in hot arid zones. These animals are exposed to an extended summer (seven months) and shorter autumn, winter and spring seasons. The present study examined relative reproductive and lamb crop yields of low and high prolific Naeemi (N) and Border Leicester Merino (BLM) ewes under the intensive management system respectively. Mating systems used were N × N pure breeding and BLM × N rams in three-way crossing. The BLM ewes gave birth to 1.48 lambs per ewe per year as compared to 0.78 lambs per ewe per year for N. The weight of lambs born per ewe was 35% higher and weight weaned 45% higher for BLM ewes compared to N ewes. The lamb mortality was 10% with no significant differences between breeds. The parity significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) affected all reproductive traits in both the BLM and the N ewes, except the litter size in N, which was unaffected by parity. The N showed maximum reproduction at second parity (1.08 lambs/ewes) and BLM at third parity (1.63 lambs per ewe). While the lambs from BLM ewes’ first parity showed the highest mortality (21%), lambs from fifth parity showed the lowest mortality (4.5%). The weight of lambs born and weaned was significantly higher ( P ≤ 0.05) in autumn-mated than summer-mated BLM ewes. For BLM ewes, mortality was significantly higher ( P ≤ 0.05) in summer-born lambs than the lambs born in autumn, winter or spring. This study has demonstrated a moderate lifetime productivity of local N ewes and marked superiority of BLM to N for ewe reproduction and lamb crop yields under the intensive management system.

Morus nigra Linn. (black mulberry) is used in gastrointestinal ailments. This study demonstrates gut modulatory properties of M. nigra. The prokinetic, laxative, and antidiarrheal activities of M. nigra were assessed in mice, while isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig ileum were used to explore insight into mechanism(s). At 30 and 70 mg/kg, the crude extract of M. nigra (Mn.Cr) exhibited atropine-sensitive prokinetic and laxative effects, similar to carbachol (CCh). While at higher doses (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg), Mn.Cr offered protection against castor oil-induced diarrhea. In rabbit jejunum, Mn.Cr and its chloroform fraction inhibited CCh-induced contractions more potently compared with high K+ (80 mm). Conversely, petroleum fraction was more potent against high-K+-induced contractions. At 0.01 mg/mL, Mn.Cr caused a parallel shift in acetylcholine concentration–response curves (CRCs) followed by a non-parallel shift at 0.03 mg/mL, similar to dicyclomine. At further tested concentrations, Mn.Cr (0.1 and 0.3 mg/mL) and petroleum fraction suppressed Ca2+ CRCs, similar to verapamil. In guinea-pig ileum, Mn.Cr, its aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited atropine-sensitive gut stimulant activity along with additional uncharacterized excitatory response in the aqueous fraction only. These results suggest that black mulberry possesses prokinetic, laxative, and antidiarrheal effects, putatively mediated through cholinomimetic, antimuscarinic, and Ca2+ antagonist mechanisms, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

One of the challenges during the perioperative care of patients with myotonic dystrophy is the reversal of neuromuscular blocking agents. Agents that inhibit acetylcholinesterase, such as neostigmine, may precipitate myotonia, and are therefore relatively contraindicated. Sugammadex is a novel pharmacologic agent, which encapsulates rocuronium or vecuronium, thereby reversing their effect. We report anecdotal experience with the use of sugammadex to reverse neuromuscular blockade in a patient with myotonic dystrophy. Concerns with the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in patients with myotonic dystrophy are presented, previous reports of the use of sugammadex in similar clinical scenarios are reviewed, and its advantages are discussed.

Objectifs Explorer les etiologies d’un surdosage en phenytoine chez un enfant traite pour crise convulsive refractaire. Methode Description Au decours d’une otite moyenne aigue traitee par amoxicilline, un bebe de 13 mois presente une crise tonico-clonique generalisee. A l’arrivee du SAMU, la frequence cardiaque est a 160 bat/min et la conscience est alteree (Glasgow 3). Il recoit du diazepam, puis devant la persistance des convulsions de la phenytoine (PH) en perfusion a la dose totale de 175 mg soit 18 mg/Kg. A son arrivee en reanimation pediatrique, l’enfant est en defaillance cardio-vasculaire avec hypotension arterielle et bradycardie, necessitant la pose d’une ECMO. Les convulsions persistent et un tableau infectieux est objective par une hyperthermie et une CRP a 24 mg/L. L’admission retrouve un tableau d’acidose avec insuffisance renale moderee, une hypo albuminemie, une cytolyse hepatique et une dilantinemie a 79 mg/L (zone toxique > 20 mg/L). Devant cette concentration, un echange plasmatique et quatre seances d’hemodialyse permettent une decroissance lente de la dilantinemie qui devient indetectable a J + 8. L’IRM met en evidence des lesions du tronc cerebral et une necrose hemorragique du cervelet. La recuperation est lente, sans sequelles neurologiques apparentes et l’enfant sort apres 2 mois d’hospitalisation. Methodes Une methode LC-MS/MS (ionisation en mode positif, detection mode MRM) a ete developpee pour permettre le dosage specifique de la phenytoine et de son metabolite inactif, la para-hydroxy-phenyl-phenylhydantoine (HPPH), dans le serum et la poche d’echange plasmatique apres precipitation par l’acetonitrile contenant la phentytoine-d10 comme etalon interne (EI). Les dialysats et les urines avant et apres deconjugaison sont prepares par dilution dans l’acetonitrile contenant EI. La methode est lineaire pour la PH de 0,25 (LOQ) a 50 mg/L et pour la HPPH de 0,10 (LOQ) a 15 mg/L. La pharmacocinetique a ete decrite a l’aide du logiciel Phoenix WinNonlin 8.1. Le phenotypage determine par calcul du ratio metabolique (RM) a ete complete par le genotypage des CYP 2C9 et 2C19. Resultats Resultats Malgre l’echange plasmatique et les seances de dialyse, les concentrations de PH restent en plateau jusqu’a T + 80 h, associees a des concentrations faibles de HPPH ( Conclusion Discussion-Conclusion L’evolution des concentrations jusqu’a T + 80 h objective un phenomene de saturation enzymatique caracteristique d’une cinetique non lineaire (km = 26,8 mg/L ; Vmax = 22,8 mg/L/j). Les valeurs du RM sont en faveur d’un metaboliseur intermediaire, hypothese confortee par le genotypage qui rapporte un sujet metaboliseur intermediaire pour le CYP 2C9, implique dans le metabolisme de la phenytoine. Au total, intoxication aigue a la phenytoine, avec troubles cardio-vasculaire et neurologique chez un enfant de 13 mois, probablement secondaire a une erreur d’administration, majoree par un profil de metaboliseur intermediaire pour le CYP 2C9.

PurposeThe overall goal of the Saleema Initiative in Sudan is to promote long-term abandonment of female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM) through a contribution to changing social norms, attitudes, and intentions related to the practice. The initiative aims to create positive cultural associations with a girl remaining uncut, a new social norm. Saleema hypothesizes that branding the alternative to FGM (abandonment) will promote social norms change. In 2014, the lead author designed a monitoring and evaluation framework for Saleema in partnership with UNICEF, the National Council for Child Welfare (NCCW), and local organizations.MethodsThe Saleema evaluation aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign in reducing pro-FGM social norms. A quasi-experimental design controlled for dosage of campaign messages delivered across the 18 states in Sudan to measure a dose-response effect. We operationalized social norms through a 4-item scale validated in previous research.ResultsThis paper reports on quantitative evaluation findings based on data gathered in from 2015-2017 and focuses on the dose-response relationship between Saleema exposure and changes in FGM social norms. We found that self-reported exposure was associated with reduced pro-FGM social norms (coeff. = -0.329, p < .001). Additionally, higher doses of Saleema, measured through an exogenous measure of campaign event exposure from an independent monitoring system was associated with reduced pro-FGM social norms (coeff. = -0.146, p < .001).ConclusionsSaleema was effective in reducing pro-FGM social norms. It is a promising strategy and findings contribute to the growing literature on social norms approaches to behavior change.

Over half-a-million adolescents take part in each cycle of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). Yet often, researchers and policy makers across the globe tend to focus their attention primarily on the academic trajectories of adolescents hailing from highly successful education systems. Hence, a vast majority of the adolescent population who regionally and globally constitute the 'long tail of underachievement' often remain unnoticed and underrepresented in the growing literature on adolescents' academic trajectories. The present study, therefore, explored the relations of dispositions toward mathematics, subjective norms in mathematics, and perceived control of success in mathematics to mathematics work ethic as well as mathematics performance; and the mediational role of mathematics work ethic in the association between dispositional, normative, and control beliefs and mathematics performance among adolescents in one of the lowest performing education systems, Qatar. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses revealed that Qatari adolescents' dispositional, normative, and control beliefs about mathematics were significantly associated with their mathematics work ethic and mathematics performance, and mathematics work ethic significantly mediated the relationship between dispositional, normative, and control beliefs about mathematics and mathematics performance. However, multi-group SEM analyses indicated that these relationships were not invariant across the gender and the SES groups. 2015 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Scopus

Praise be to God who blessed the Muslims of security in the world and the afterlife and prayers and peace upon our Prophet Mohammad (p.b.u.h). Security and peace are of the great blessings that God bestowed on the Islamic nation individuals and groups. They are playing a very important role in the achievement and innovation. They are essential need for the continuation of life and the habitation of land, and without it doesn’t have the stability and happiness, and this is done only by referring to the teaching of Koran and the Sunnah which guide man to the right proper way, and are making him happy and flood it safety and security upon him, and give psychological serenity and heart satisfaction feeling of comfortably to overcome the difficulties of life and its problems. This study was based on inductive analytical subject of (peaceful security in the Quran), the researcher states through the study the definition of peace and security in the language and in the terminology of peace, words and their meanings as set out in the context of the Qur'an with an indication to the importance of achieving the security of peace among the members of the community by referring to the Quran and teachings of the Prophet, peace be upon him

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31 127 anaesthetic procedures in 30 874 children with a mean age of 6·35 years (SD 4·50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5·2% (95% CI 5·0–5·5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3·1% (2·9–3·3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1·9% (1·7–2·1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5·4% (3·7–7·5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10 000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0·88, 95% CI 0·86–0·90; p

The aim of the study was to monitor the health and nutritional status of Kuwaiti’s Aradi and exotic Damascus and Barbari goat breeds raised under an intensive system of production through the determination of biochemical parameters and hematology profiles. The study was conducted during the summer season and blood samples were collected from lactating does and Damascus bucks. According to the findings of the present study, concentrations for glucose ranged from 60.75 to 71.76 mg/dl, for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) between 25 and 60 mg/dl, for creatinine between 1.2 and 1.9 mg/dl, for albumin between 3.7 g/dl and 4.05 g/dl, and total protein between 6.0 and 6.98 g/dl and in general were within the normal ranges for goats. The hematology profiles of Damascus bucks showed normal range for the most contents of white blood cells, apart from monocytes (M) %. At the same time, number of red blood cells was within the normal range (11.20-11.90 × 106/µL). However, hematocrit (HCT) % was lower (12.1-14.0) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) content was higher (11.30 fL) compared to values reported for healthy goats in previous studies. The hematology profiles of lactating does of all breeds were within the normal range for white blood cells (8.05-12.88 × 103/µL) and red blood cell (10.44-12.65 × 106/µL). Low hemoglobin levels and a significantly (P

BACKGROUND: Febrile neutropenia (FN) and myelosupression remain a challenging oncologic medical emergency and dose limiting toxicity associated with chemotherapy for cancers. Various factors are known to affect the outcomes for patients diagnosed with FN. Electrolyte abnormalities have commonly been observed, but the real incidence and their impact has been only scarcely studied in literature.METHODS: This was a prospective, observational study. A total of two hundred and fifteen (215) patients admitted between January 2007 and August 2008 were included. Analysis of data was made using SPSS version16.0.Toxicity profile was graded according to CTC version 3.0.RESULTS: Almost equal number of FN was observed in both solid tumors and hematological cancers with almost equal gender distribution. Of all 83.5% patients demonstrated some electrolyte abnormalities. All grades combined, hypokalemia was seen in 48% of patients, with 51.4% having grade I, 33.3% grade III and 15.2% G IV (life threatening) hypokalemia. Hyponatremia of all grades was seen in 67.9% patients, of them 60.3% had Grade I, 33.3% grade III and 0.7% patients had grade IV hyponatremia. Hypomagnesaemia (70 patients assessed) was seen in 54.3% patient, 94.7% having grade I decline. Average length of stay for patients who received IV electrolyte replacement was 6.3 days compared to 4.9 days in those who did not. Out of 90 patients who required special care unit 75 had electrolyte abnormalities, of 15 patients who expired 13 had electrolyte abnormalitiesCONCLUSION: This analysis, which is first of its kind, suggests that decline in electrolyte levels is frequently observed in patients presenting with FN. These abnormalities can have independent negative impact on the outcome for such patients. Special attention should be paid to electrolyte imbalance right from the outset.

BACKGROUND: Febrile neutropenia (FN) and myelosupression remain a challenging oncologic medical emergency and dose limiting toxicity associated with chemotherapy for cancers. Various factors are known to affect the outcomes for patients diagnosed with FN. Electrolyte abnormalities have commonly been observed, but the real incidence and their impact has been only scarcely studied in literature. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational study. A total of two hundred and fifteen (215) patients admitted between January 2007 and August 2008 were included. Analysis of data was made using SPSS version16.0.Toxicity profile was graded according to CTC version 3.0. RESULTS: Almost equal number of FN was observed in both solid tumors and hematological cancers with almost equal gender distribution. Of all 83.5% patients demonstrated some electrolyte abnormalities. All grades combined, hypokalemia was seen in 48% of patients, with 51.4% having grade I, 33.3% grade III and 15.2% G IV (life threatening) hypokalemia. Hyponatremia of all grades was seen in 67.9% patients, of them 60.3% had Grade I, 33.3% grade III and 0.7% patients had grade IV hyponatremia. Hypomagnesaemia (70 patients assessed) was seen in 54.3% patient, 94.7% having grade I decline. Average length of stay for patients who received IV electrolyte replacement was 6.3 days compared to 4.9 days in those who did not. Out of 90 patients who required special care unit 75 had electrolyte abnormalities, of 15 patients who expired 13 had electrolyte abnormalities CONCLUSION: This analysis, which is first of its kind, suggests that decline in electrolyte levels is frequently observed in patients presenting with FN. These abnormalities can have independent negative impact on the outcome for such patients. Special attention should be paid to electrolyte imbalance right from the outset.

Morus nigra Linn. (black mulberry) is used in gastrointestinal ailments. This study demonstrates gut modulatory properties of M. nigra. The prokinetic, laxative, and antidiarrheal activities of M. nigra were assessed in mice, while isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig ileum were used to explore insight into mechanism(s). At 30 and 70 mg/kg, the crude extract of M. nigra (Mn.Cr) exhibited atropine-sensitive prokinetic and laxative effects, similar to carbachol (CCh). While at higher doses (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg), Mn.Cr offered protection against castor oil-induced diarrhea. In rabbit jejunum, Mn.Cr and its chloroform fraction inhibited CCh-induced contractions more potently compared with high K(+) (80 mm). Conversely, petroleum fraction was more potent against high-K(+) -induced contractions. At 0.01 mg/mL, Mn.Cr caused a parallel shift in acetylcholine concentration-response curves (CRCs) followed by a non-parallel shift at 0.03 mg/mL, similar to dicyclomine. At further tested concentrations, Mn.Cr (0.1 and 0.3 mg/mL) and petroleum fraction suppressed Ca(2+) CRCs, similar to verapamil. In guinea-pig ileum, Mn.Cr, its aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited atropine-sensitive gut stimulant activity along with additional uncharacterized excitatory response in the aqueous fraction only. These results suggest that black mulberry possesses prokinetic, laxative, and antidiarrheal effects, putatively mediated through cholinomimetic, antimuscarinic, and Ca(2+) antagonist mechanisms, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John WileySons, Ltd.

Drawing on data from the 2012 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) and employing multilevel modeling as an analytic strategy, this study examined the relations of adolescent children's perceptions of their parents' attitudes towards mathematics to their own attitudes towards mathematics and mathematics achievement among a sample of 5116 adolescents from 384 schools in the United Arab Emirates. The results of this cross-sectional study revealed that adolescents who perceived that their parents liked mathematics and considered mathematics was important for their children not only to study but also for their career tended to report higher levels of intrinsic and instrumental motivation to learn mathematics, mathematics self-concept and self-efficacy, and mathematics work ethic. Moreover, adolescents who perceived that their parents liked mathematics and considered mathematics was important for their children's career tended to report positive intentions and behaviors toward mathematics. However, adolescents who perceived that their parents considered mathematics was important for their children's career tended to report higher levels of mathematics anxiety. Finally, adolescents who perceived that their parents considered mathematics was important for their children to study performed significantly better on the mathematics assessment than did their peers whose parents disregarded the importance of learning mathematics.

Samira Ahmed2 Electronics a Communication Engg. Department ASET, AMITY University, Noida, India 2. Samira1289@yahoo.co.in This paper presents modified ring shaped fractal antenna with Sierpinski triangle fed by 50-ohm micro strip line along with the partial ground plane and greatly exhibits the multiband behavior. The impedance bandwidth increases by using the fractal configuration. The antenna has been simulated using HFSS simulation software and the performance parameter such as return loss, radiation pattern and gain (7.17 dB) is studied for the second iteration of patch to achieve the best performance. The simulated results demonstrate that the structure exhibits wide impedance bandwidths of frequency spans 3.65-5.09 GHz and 7.52-8.65 GHz with respect to level RL = -10 dB. The designed antenna contributes to the X-band as well as C band applications. Finally hardware implementation of proposed design is carried out and the results have been obtained as per the requirement.

This paper examines the experience of Sudan by analysing the factors that promote and support the abandonment of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and other harmful social practices. Despite the fact that FGM/C is still widely practiced in all regions of northern Sudan, women’s intention to circumcise their daughters has decreased significantly during the last 16 years. Attitudes are changing and today, actors are mobilizing across the country to end the practice. This paper examines these changes. It analyses programmes that support ending FGM/C in Sudan and highlights the key factors that promote collective abandonment of the practice, including the roles of community dialogue, human rights deliberation, community-led activities, and the powerful force of local rewards and punishment. The Sudan experience demonstrates that social norms can change when a new understanding and appreciation of communities’ traditions and values is introduced. At policy level, the paper describes the adoption of laws and policies that prohibit or criminalize all forms of FGM/C and the introduction of integrated communication campaigns that have mobilized multiple actors to adopt and voice a consistent and clear stance against FGM/C. The paper explains how those factors have created an enabling environment that promotes the abandonment of harmful practices as well as the fulfilment of women’s and children’s rights more broadly. The process of changing harmful social norms and practices is complex and involves the interplay of many different forces. However, the Sudan experience demonstrates that a major shift can occur at community level and widespread abandonment of FGM/C can be envisioned.

In this work, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) was applied for the determination of Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn in twenty –four hair samples. The samples were collected covering different ages and gender. The samples are divided as, seventeen samples from people which assumed to be environmentally healthy (control) and seven samples from different worker’s people such as Iron worker, Cement worker and Duco worker (exposed). Samples were brought into solution using HNO3 and H2O2. In three example samples the molecular structure of the human hair was studied using Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) in the range of 200- 4000 cm -1 .The contamination of the sample was discussed for different samples.

Introduction Ganglioneuroblastoma is a rare peripheral neuroblastic tumor that is derived from developing neuronal cells of the sympathetic nervous system, and is found mostly, but not exclusively, in babies and young children. Case presentation To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previously reported cases of ganglioneuroblastoma of the mediastinum from Pakistan. We present a case of ganglioneuroblastoma in an eight-year-old Pakistani Sindhi boy incidentally found to have a large posterior mediastinal mass that on biopsy initially looked like ganglioneuroma. He underwent successful excision of the mediastinal mass and remained stable post-operatively. Final pathology findings showed a ganglioneuroblastoma. He has remained free of symptoms on long-term follow-up. Conclusions The rarity of this tumor along with its almost exclusive occurrence in the pediatric population necessitates a thorough investigation of patients presenting with a symptomatic mass.

INTRODUCTION: Older people tend to take more medicines and prescription medicine costs may influence medicine adherence. AIM: The aim of this pilot study was to identify older people's perceptions of prescription medicine costs and related costs in four major cities across New Zealand. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to people aged 65 years and older visiting pharmacies in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin to identify their perceptions of costs relating to prescription medicines and related pharmacy and general practice services. Data were compared between cities and examined for associations between participants' views on costs and age, sex, income, ethnicity, number of medicines, and monthly cost. RESULTS: Participants (N=107) received a median of five prescription medicines (range 1–15), at a median cost of NZ$8.00 (range 0–55.30). Median part-charges for medicines only partly funded by the government were NZ$6.25 (range 0.60–100.00), and GP consultations ranged from NZ$0–60.00. Of the participants, 89 (83.2%) thought medicine costs and 63 (58.9%) thought GP consultation costs were reasonable. Participants with median monthly medicine costs of NZ$8.33–87.00 more commonly perceived medicines as expensive or very expensive (p=0.001, Fisher's exact test). DISCUSSION: Older people in this study mostly viewed their prescription medicines and related costs as reasonable; however, 17% and 41%, respectively, found medicines costs and GP consultation costs expensive. Larger, in-depth studies across New Zealand are needed to determine the sections of the population that find these costs expensive, and to explore how this might affect medicine adherence. KEYWORDS: Aged; community health services; costs and cost analysis; New Zealand; pharmaceutical preparations