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Designating an organic inhibitor with a specific chemical structure that actively participates in steel protection by increasing adsorption on the steel surface. Based on that, we synthesized three zwitterionic surfactants based on azomethine with different hydrophobic chain lengths labeled ZWSO, ZWSD, and ZWSH. The presence of azomethine group, electrons, and heteroatoms in the zwitterionic surfactant’s amphipathic structure helped to improve C-steel protection. Their inhibitory activity toward steel corrosion was investigated utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), gravimetrical, and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Importantly, the surfactant tail influenced corrosion inhibition performance; as surfactant tail length increased, so did inhibition efficiency due to increased adsorption affinity. The inhibition efficiencies of ZWSO, ZWSD, and ZWSH are 87.15, 89.82, and 91.36%, respectively. Tafel data clarified that ZWSO, ZWSD, and ZWSH inhibitors behave as mixed-type inhibitors following the modified Langmuir isotherm. The inhibitors can adsorb physiochemically on the steel surface with ∆G ads ranges from −38.48 to −44.6 kJ mol−1. The SEM confirms that the morphology of C-steel becomes smoother because of inhibitor adsorption. The DFT and MCs output data supported the experimental performance of the tested ZWSO, ZWSD, and ZWSH inhibitors and especially their dependence on surfactant tail length.

To evaluate the prognostic value of postoperative Tc-99m pertechnetate scanning in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).Patients with pathologically proven low or intermediate-risk DTC were enrolled in this study. Postoperative Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy was performed 20 min after IV of 185 MBq of Tc-99m pertechnetate Positive thyroid residual uptake was characterized as higher Tc-99m pertechnetate uptake at the thyroid bed than the surrounding background's activity. A negative residual was considered if there was no definite abnormal radioactivity at the thyroid bed. Follow-up by thyroglobulin, thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg Abs), neck ultrasound (US) and diagnostic I-131 WBS (Dx WBS) were considered the reference standard. Successful ablation outcome was considered if there was free Dx WBS, stimulated serum thyroglobulin 1 ng/ml with negative Tg Abs, and free US.Two hundred and two patients, mean age; of 38.8 years were retrospectively recruited in this study. Positive residual uptake at the thyroid scan was detected in 131 patients wherea the remaining 71 patients had no detectable uptake. According to the reference standard we encountered 114 and 88 cases with successful ablation and unsuccessful ablation respectively, Tc-99m pertechnetate scanning successfully detected 63 true positive and 46 true negative cases giving 72% sensitivity, 40% specificity, 48% positive predictive value and 56% negative predictive value.In low- and intermediate-risk DTC patients; despite the relatively high sensitivity of postoperative Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid scan, it has low specificity and low negative predictive value so it cannot be used to predict the ablation outcome.

Steel is involved extensively in engineering vast constructing units in many industries and can undergo to corrosion by some chemical and/or electrochemical reactions with the environment. Therefore, designating an organic inhibitor with a specific chemical structure will participate in steel protection via enhancing their adsorption on the steel surface. Three gemini cationic surfactants based on azomethine with different hydrophobic tails labeled GSBI8, GSBI12, and GSBI16 have been designated and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), gravimetrical and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Importantly, the surfactant tail regulated the corrosion inhibition performance; with increasing the surfactant tail length, their inhibition efficiency enhanced because of their higher adsorption affinity. The inhibition efficiency of GSBI8, GSBI12, and GSBI16 reached 95.52, 96.72, and 97.1% respectively (EIS measurements). The Tafel examination clarified that GSBI8, GSBI12, and GSBI16 inhibitors behave as mixed type inhibitors following the modified Langmuir isotherm. The inhibitors adsorption on C-steel was confirmed by SEM surface examination. Finally, the DFT and MCs point of views investigation supported the experimental performance of the tested GSBI8, GSBI12, and GSBI16 inhibitors and specially their dependence on surfactant tail length.

Camel milk is used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus hypertension and other metabolic disorders.This study evaluated the antisteatotic and antihypertensive effects of camel milk protein hydrolysate (CMH) in high fructose (HF)-fed rats and compared it with the effects afforded by the intact camel milk protein extract (ICM).Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (Both ICM and CMH reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels, serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, and serum levels of ALT and AST, angiotensin II, ACE, endothelin-1, and uric acid in HF-fed rats. In addition, both ICM and CMH reduced hepatic fat deposition in the hepatocytes and reduced hepatocyte damage. This was associated with an increase in the hepatic activity of AMPK, higher PPARα mRNA, reduced expression of fructokinase C, SREBP1, SREBP2, fatty acid synthase, and HMG-CoA-reductase. Both treatments lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, the effects of CMH on all these parameters were greater as compared to ICM.The findings of this study encourage the use of CMH in a large-scale population and clinical studies to treat metabolic steatosis and hypertension.

We analysed Soret and Dufour effects on peristaltic flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) non-Newtonian nanofluid in a uniform symmetric channel with wall properties. Moreover, we involved effects of Joule heating, chemical reaction. Furthermore, we considered Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Then, we simplified the governing equations to a system of partial differential equations by applying low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations and we solved them by using Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). We sketched the influence of various parameters on the stream function, velocity, temperature and nanoparticles concentration in graphs and we discussed them physically. Also, we obtained graphs for heat transfer coefficient, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number at the upper wall of the channel. Finding revealed that as the wall proprieties parameters E1 and E2 increased the velocity and temperature increased, but the stream function increased and decreased. While, Bingham number Bn had an opposite relative to the wall proprieties parameters E1 and E2.

The Glutamicibacter group of microbes is known for antibiotic and enzyme production. Antibiotics and enzymes produced by them are important in the control, protection, and treatment of chronic human diseases. In this study, the Glutamicibacter mysorens (G. mysorens) strain MW647910.1 was isolated from mangrove soil in the Mangalore region of India. After optimization of growth conditions for G. mysorens on starch casein agar media, the micromorphology of G. mysorens was found to be spirally coiled spore chain, each spore visualized as an elongated cylindrical hairy appearance with curved edges visualized through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis. The culture phenotype with filamentous mycelia, brown pigmentation, and ash–colored spore production was observed. The intracellular extract of G. mysorens characterized through GCMS analysis detected bioactive compounds reported for pharmacological applications. The majority of bioactive compounds identified in intracellular extract when compared to the NIST library revealed molecular weight ranging below 1kgmole−1. The Sephadex G-10 could result in 10.66 fold purification and eluted peak protein fraction showed significant anticancer activity on the prostate cancer cell line. Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis revealed Kinetin-9-ribose and Embinin with a molecular weight below 1 kDa. This study showed small molecular weight bioactive compounds produced from microbial origin possess dual roles, acting as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and anticancer peptides (ACPs). Hence, the bioactive compounds produced from microbial origin are a promising source of future therapeutics.

This research examines the impact of air curtain flows on heat and mass transfer within an indoor swimming pool facility, which plays a crucial role in providing both thermal comfort and hygiene. The study utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, employing a commercial software package, ANSYS Fluent 17.2, to solve governing equations for energy, species transport, and turbulence closure through the k-epsilon model. A total of over 5.6 million mesh elements were used to generate comprehensive and accurate predictions of flow regimes. The geometry of a semi-Olympic pool located at Bishop's University in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, with a coarsely trapezoidal shape and dimensions of 34.5 m x 25 m x 8 m, was modeled using SpaceClaim 3D software. The impact of the number and location of ventilation and air conditioning supply was also considered. Results were validated against OpenFOAM software, indicating good agreement. The research provides valuable insights into the effects of air curtain flows on indoor pool environments, which can inform the design and operation of air conditioning systems for indoor pools., https://univerpubl.com/index.php/woscience/article/view/646

This review focused on the various methods for controlling estrous cycles in well-managed dairy cows. Because up to 70% of dairy cows may stay non-pregnant after an AI procedure, an effective approach for identifying and reinseminating open cows is essential for dairy herds to achieve optimal reproductive performance. Overall, well-managed dairy farms with effective estrus detection programs inseminate 50% or more of non-pregnant cows after behavioral estrus is detected. Cows not detected in estrus are admitted in a resynchronization of ovulation procedure to receive a timed AI (TAI) service to avoid a long interbreeding interval. In Egypt, a widely used program involves starting the Ovsynch protocol (GnRH-7 d-PGF2-56 h-GnRH-16 to 20 h-TAI) 32 days after an initial AI, regardless of pregnancy status. Previous studies have proven that there was no difference in pregnancy/artificial insemination (P/AI) between Ovsynch+P4 and Presynch-Ovsynch, both protocols were equally effective in improving the fertility of cows with a CL 15 mm. The review also addressed different methods for synchronization of ovulation and different factors affecting the selection of the management program.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have key roles in tumor development and the progress of many cancers, including breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to explore for the first time the association of the migration/differentiation-associated lncRNA SENCR rs12420823C/T variant with BC risk and prognosis. Genotyping was carried out for 203 participants (110 patients and 93 controls) using the TaqMan allelic discrimination technique. The corresponding clinicopathological data, including the recurrence/survival times, were analyzed with the different genotypes. After adjustment by age and risk factors, the T/T genotype carrier patients were more likely to develop BC under homozygote comparison (T/T vs. C/C: OR = 8.33, 95% CI = 2.44–25.0, p = 0.001), dominant (T/T-C/T vs. C/C: OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 1.72–8.33, p = 0.027), and recessive (T/T vs. C/T-C/C: OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.08–4.55, p < 0.001) models. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the T/T genotype carriers were more likely to be triple-negative sub-type (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.02–6.95, p = 0.046), at a higher risk of recurrence (OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.33–9.59, p = 0.012), and had short survival times (OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.52–10.05, p = 0.005). Moreover, Cox regression analysis supported their twofold increased risk of recurrence (HR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.27–3.59, p = 0.004). Furthermore, the predictive nomogram confirmed the high weight for SENCR rs12420823*T/T and C/T genotypes in predicting recurrence within the first year. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve demonstrated low disease-free survival (T/T: 12.5 ± 1.16 months and C/T: 15.9 ± 0.86 months versus C/C: 22.3 ± 0.61 months, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the LncRNA SENCR rs12420823*C/T may be associated with an increased risk of BC in women and could be a promising genetic variant for predicting recurrence and survival.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to search for different patterns of violence against children presenting to Menoufia University hospital as regards socio-demographic data and Possible risk factors,type of violence Background: In every country, girls and boys suffer every day, and witness violence. Violence against children cuts across boundaries of culture, class, education, income and ethnic origin, and occurs in many alternative settings .Violence against children include physical, sexual and psychological violence . Methods: All cases of children exposed for different patterns of violence presenting to Menoufia University hospital asking for medico legal report during two year (from 1st of December 2016 to 31st of November 2018) were included in the study .The study was conducted after approval from ethical committee ofFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia University. Results: The study concluded that the most reported type of child violence is physical type, indoor, repeated, with rates being higher for females than for males. The prevalence was higher in rural than urban residency. The majority of the perpetrators were male, (father inside the family and friends from outside the family), manual workers ,with below secondary education ,heavy smoking . Divorced parents with large families .The driving forces of violence against children are family troubles, financial and immoral causes

Background: Steroids are naturally occurring organic compounds with a great variety of different biological functions. They are subdivided into progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens, depending on their function. Aim: In this literature review, we are introducing the most updated information about steroids in terms of their history, functions, types either according to their occurrence or biological activity, different pathways of synthesis, and uses. Methods: reported methods are mentioned in detail. Results and Discussion: Steroids are the mainstay of therapy for a variety of disorders and knowledge of the clinical implications of steroids is critical.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have key roles in tumor development and the progress of many cancers, including breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to explore for the first time the association of the migration/differentiation-associated lncRNA

Objectives 70% alcohol-based sanitizers are frequently used for decontamination and controlling infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. In the current investigation the authors aimed at developing and evaluating novel diluted hydro-alcoholic sanitizer containing 70% water and less than 30% alcohol. That is due to the fact that excessive use of alcoholic sanitizers containing 70% alcohol leads to immergence of alcohol resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, some other toxic and environmental issues arise from using such high amounts of alcohol in the common sanitizing formula. The developed formula in the current work was fortified with some natural anti-microbial boosters from aromatic plants like eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and their mixture to compensate for the low alcohol content. Methods The solubility of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde in 70% water-containing hydro-alcoholic solution was investigated using the Gibbs’ triangle phase diagram. The broth dilution assay was used to evaluate the growth inhibition of the developed formula against four pathogenic bacteria including L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Results The phase diagram study indicated that 3% of each of the antimicrobial boosters (eugenol, cinnamaldehyde) can be incorporated homogenously into a diluted hydro-alcoholic sanitizer containing 70% water and only 27% alcohol. Antimicrobial evaluation of that formula at only half concentration of the antimicrobial boosters (1.5%) showed complete inhibition of the growth of the four tested pathogens, where the count after treatment was zero cfu/ml. This antimicrobial activity was similar to that of a standard alcoholic sanitizer that contains 70% alcohol. Conclusions The study represents an insight towards a new generation of sanitizers which are characterized by significantly minimum content of alcohol without compromising efficiency. That also represents a step toward lowering alcohol toxicity and reducing its vapors emission to the environment.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous disease with numerous abnormal targets and pathways involved in insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, beta cell dysfunction, and epigenetic factors. Botanical drugs provide a large chemical space that can modify various targets simultaneously. Matricaria aurea (MA, golden chamomile) is a widely used herb in Middle Eastern communities for many ailments, including diabetes mellitus, without any scientific basis to support this tradition. For the first time, this study aimed to investigate the possible antidiabetic activity of MA in a type 2 diabetic rat model, identify chemical constituents by LC-MS/MS, and then elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) using enzyme activity assays, q-RTPCR gene expression analysis, network pharmacology analysis, and molecular docking simulation. Our results demonstrated that only the polar hydroethanolic extract of MA had remarkable antidiabetic activity. Furthermore, it improved dyslipidemia, insulin resistance status, ALT, and AST levels. LC-MS/MS analysis of MA hydroethanolic extract identified 62 compounds, including the popular chamomile flavonoids apigenin and luteolin, other flavonoids and their glycosides, coumarin derivatives, and phenolic acids. Based on pharmacokinetic screening and literature, 46 compounds were chosen for subsequent network analysis, which linked to 364 candidate T2DM targets from various databases and literature. The network analysis identified 123 hub proteins, including insulin signaling and metabolic proteins: IRS1, IRS2, PIK3R1, AKT1, AKT2, MAPK1, MAPK3, and PCK1, inflammatory proteins: TNF and IL1B, antioxidant enzymes: CAT and SOD, and others. Subsequent filtering identified 40 crucial core targets (major hubs) of MA in T2DM treatment. Functional enrichment analyses of the candidate targets revealed that MA targets were mainly involved in the inflammatory module, energy-sensing/endocrine/metabolic module, and oxidative stress module. q-RTPCR gene expression analysis showed that MA hydroethanolic extract was able to significantly upregulate PIK3R1 and downregulate IL1B, PCK1, and MIR29A. Moreover, the activity of the antioxidant hub enzymes was substantially increased. Molecular docking scores were also consistent with the networks’ predictions. Based on experimental and computational analysis, this study revealed for the first time that MA exerted antidiabetic action via simultaneous modulation of multiple targets and pathways, including inflammatory pathways, energy-sensing/endocrine/metabolic pathways, and oxidative stress pathways.

In the current, study the effect of the addition of L-carnitine (LC) in in vitro maturation (IVM) medium for buffalo oocytes and different cryo-devices on developmental competence. They were matured in IVM medium supplemented with 0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/mL of LC and vitrified by using either straw (ST), open pulled-straw (OPS), solid surface vitrification (SSV). The effects of LC during invitro fertilization and invitro culture on the developmental potential were examined. ST showed a higher recovery rate when using 0.6 mg/ml; viability rate (VR) when using 0.3mg/ml and lower zona pellucida (ZP) and cytoplasmic abnormalities when using 1.2 mg/ml LC (P

Postovulatory aging is a major problem that limits the success of many assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Oxidative stress is a leading cause of oocyte aging. This study investigated the effects of lycopene supplementation of in vitro maturation (IVM) medium during the aging of mouse oocytes on the oocytes’ morphology and oxidative stress status. Mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected and cultured in the IVM medium either for 17 h, (freshly matured oocytes), or for 48 h, (in vitro-aged oocytes), with or without lycopene. The rate of fragmented and degenerated oocytes and the oocyte levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated and compared. Oocytes aged with 200 nM lycopene revealed significantly less fragmentation and degeneration, lower H2O2 and MDA levels, and higher TAC, GSH and SOD levels than those aged without lycopene. CAT levels were unchanged by lycopene treatment. Taken together, our data showed beneficial effects of lycopene during in vitro aging of mouse oocytes by reducing the oxidative stress damages that lead to their apoptosis. The present study introduces lycopene as a natural supplement to reduce the postovulatory aging-dependent abnormalities of mammalian oocytes.

Background: Cervical Disc Arthroplasty (CDA) has beenconsidered as an alternative to cervical arthrodesis in thetreatment of Cervical Degenerative Disc Diseases (CDDD).Aim of Study: The aim of this study was to assess thelong-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of CDA.Patients and Methods: A total of 17 patients who under-went single-or two-level CDA with Prestige-LP Disc wereretrospectively investigated at a minimum of 4-year follow-up. Clinical assessments included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI),and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score. Radiologicalevaluations included Range of Motion (ROM) of the indexand adjacent levels, segmental angle, cervical sagittal align-ment, Heterotopic Ossification (HO) and Adjacent SegmentDegeneration (ASD).Results: Significant and maintained improvement in VASfor neck and arm, NDI and JOA were observed after a meanfollow-up of 54.7 months (p < 0.001). The preoperative ROMof the index level was 9.7o, which was maintained at 1-and2-year follow-up (9.3o, and 9.2o), but was decreased to 8.0oat final follow-up. Mobility was maintained in 84.2% (16/19)of the implanted prostheses at final follow-up. ROM of thesuperior and inferior adjacent segments, cervical sagittalalignment and cervical angel were all maintained. The inci-dence of HO was 36.8% at final follow-up, but it did notinfluence the clinical outcome. Radiographic ASD weredetected in 26.3% of the patients. However, the incidence ofsymptomatic ASD was only 5.2%.Conclusion: Cervical disc arthroplasty demonstrated amaintained and satisfactory clinical outcome at a minimal of4-year follow-up, with majority of the prostheses remainedmobile. Cervical disc arthroplasty can be considered as aneffective surgical method in treating CDDD.

Herein, the cultivation of Phaseolus vulgaris was evaluated in newly reclaimed areas in Abha City, Saudi Arabia, following amendment with different rates of sewage sludge (SS) collected from a nearby municipal wastewater treatment plant. A pot experiment was designed to assess the soil heavy metal (HM) pools, growth, yield and HM uptake by P. vulgaris plants cultivated under different SS amendment rates (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g kg−1). SS application was found to significantly change all of the chemical properties of the reclaimed soil (except Fe and Mn). The application of SS caused a gradual significant elevation in the soil organic matter content. The application of SS also led to a meaningful increase in the soil electrical conductivity and the Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn contents. However, the soil pH decreased in reaction to the treatments. However, the measured HMs (except Fe) in the soil mixtures in all treatments after harvesting P. vulgaris plants were below the maximum permissible limits in agricultural soil. Generally, SS application up to 20 g kg−1 caused a significant increase in most of the morphological parameters and biomass of P. vulgaris compared to the plants grown in the control soil, followed by a decreasing trend at SS application rates of 30, 40 and 50 g kg−1. P. vulgaris flower production decreased with an increase in the SS application rate, and fruiting was only successful at rates of 10 and 20 g kg−1. All the HM contents in different tissues of P. vulgaris were meaningfully higher for plants treated with different SS levels matched to those grown in control soil. The highest contents of all of the HMs were documented at 50 g kg−1 SS in all P. vulgaris tissues. However, all HM contents (excluding Fe and Mn in the roots) were within safe limits, with most of the absorbed HMs persisting in roots. The regression analysis showed that P. vulgaris plants have an increasing ability to absorb more HMs with an increase in the SS amendment rate. Calculations of bioaccumulation factor (BAF) showed that the BAF for most investigated HM was

In this study, three anionic-cationic zwitterionic Gemini surfactants containing three different hydrophobic tails were prepared and their chemical structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The hydrophobic tail of the synthesized phospho-zwitterionic Gemini surfactants significantly affected the morphological structure of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared using a photochemical reduction method, which utilized sunlight as a surplus source of a reducing agent. Increasing the hydrophobic tail length of the surfactant promoted the formation of AgNPs exhibiting smaller particle sizes with a uniform structure. Moreover, as confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), these AgNPs displayed higher stability in solution than those synthesized in the presence of Gemini surfactants with a shorter hydrocarbon tail. The impact of tail variation on the catalytic and antimicrobial performance of AgNPs was also examined. The synthesized surfactant/AgNP systems showed remarkable catalytic activity in the removal of certain toxic pollutants, including para-nitrophenol (p-NP) and methylene blue (MB), which were converted into less toxic compounds in the presence of NaBH4. Notably, the surfactant exhibiting the longest chain hydrocarbon, i.e., ZGH, produced AgNPs with the highest catalytic activity. This is the first study concerning the effects of the surfactant tail on the catalytic activity of NPs. The good biological performance of the synthesized Gemini surfactants against sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) demonstrated their potential for application in mitigating the growth of SRB during petroleum treatment processes. The combination of the synthesized surfactants with AgNPs significantly enhanced their biological performance.

Effect of adding nanofillers on transformer oil breakdown voltage and its thermal performance finds a great interest from researchers and scientists. The impact of oil circulation considering oil forced cooling method on nanoparticles stability in transformer oil is investigated. The stability is considered from breakdown voltage and thermal performance points of view. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are chosen due to the safety of TiO2 nanomaterial as well as its good performance. First, the optimal concentration of nanosized TiO2 at which maximum breakdown voltage of nanofilled transformer oil is determined and chosen to study the effect of oil circulation on breakdown voltage as well as thermal performance of nanofilled oil. Two reduced experimental models are designed. The first model consists of a galvanized steel tank containing TiO2‐nanofilled transformer oil, at the pre‐determined optimal concentration. This tank is designed to simulate the natural oil cooled transformer. However, the second model that uses a similar tank is designed to simulate a forced cooled transformer. This model consists of a tank containing TiO2‐nanofilled transformer oil, at the pre‐determined optimal concentration, and an oil pump. Breakdown voltage and thermal performance considering the two adapted models are measured in a time period of 60 days.

Integration of the renewable energy sources with utility grids is receiving more impressive concerns to provide extra-green energy sources to work in parallel or to phase out the sources with fossil fuels. The effects of the transient surges are the most vital parameters that are used in the insulation coordination studies for integrated systems of smart grid. Therefore, the electromagnetic transient overvoltages caused by switching surges and faults on the smart grids are the competitive design issues. Moreover, the contingency analysis of either sources or loads patching/dispatching is one of the major issues in the design process of the power system grid. The transient overvoltages imposed over the integrated grid systems need to be more properly investigated using most sophisticated numerical methods. Although, the transient surges have relatively short durations, but it may cause severe overvoltages stresses for the insulation systems and consequently may yield to insulation failure. This paper presents the simulation of large-scale renewable energy resources integrating with the utility grid. The transient overvoltages appear over the utility grids due to different renewable energy resources are investigated. Moreover, the different methods that proposed to be used to suppress, mitigate, and control these overvoltages and to minimize their probable sever effects over the permissible insulation level (BIL) are elaborated. Furthermore, the full simulation of the IEEE 39 grid integrated with large Photovoltaic and wind farms using EMTP-RV /MATLAB is developed. In addition, different proposed methods to mitigate and to control internal surges are investigated. Finally, the obtained results are presented with very good consistency level and compliance with other research studies found in literature and with the different standards related to the renewable energy sources.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a joint destructive disorder with great morbidity. Early diagnosis and early and effective therapy may prevent joint damage and lead to better long-term results. Therefore, reliable biomarkers and outcome measures are needed. Complex interplay between multiple risk factors contributes to RA. These risk factors include environmental factors, genetic factors and epigenetic modifications. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in these epigenetic mechanisms. Accumulating evidence has shown that lncRNAs participate in the processes of inflammation, aberrant proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. They also play roles in autoimmune diseases, such as SLE, Sjogren syndrome, RA and multiple sclerosis. Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a maternally expressed lncRNA of the imprinted DLK1–MEG3 locus located on human 14q32 chromosome. It functions as a tumor suppressor. Decreased MEG3 expression has been observed in various human cancers, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis and in RA. Decreased serum levels of lncRNA MEG3 in RA could be attributed to MEG3 promoter hypermethylation induced by hypoxia. This downregulation was associated with increased inflammation, cell proliferation and cell invasion and decreased apoptosis. Long intergenic non-Protein coding RNA 00305 (LINC00305) was identified as a pro-inflammatory atherosclerosis-associated lncRNA. RA was associated with increased LINC00305 which served as a regulator of inflammatory, hypoxic, invasive, apoptotic and proliferative mechanisms associated with RA.

Novel quinazolinones conjugated with indole acetamide (4a–c), ibuprofen (7a–e), or thioacetohydrazide (13a,b, and 14a-d) were designed to increase COX-2 selectivity. The three synthesised series exhibited superior COX-2 selectivity compared with the previously reported quinazolinones and their NSAID analogue and had equipotent COX-2 selectivity as celecoxib. Compared with celecoxib, 4 b, 7c, and 13 b showed similar anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, while 13 b and 14a showed superior inhibition of the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide, and 7 showed greater antioxidant potential in macrophages cells. Moreover, all selected compounds showed improved analgesic activity and 13 b completely abolished the pain response. Additionally, compound 4a showed anticancer activity in tested cell lines HCT116, HT29, and HCA7. Docking results were consistent with COX-1/2 enzyme assay results. In silico studies suggest their high oral bioavailability. The overall findings for compounds (4a,b, 7c, 13 b, and 14c) support their potential role as anti-inflammatory agents., Graphical Abstract

Introduction: Cannabis occupies the position of the most prevalent drug of abuse in Egypt. Chronic cannabis abuse may cause degenerative pathological changes in the brain, also the effect of cannabis on cognition, memory and learning is well known. The current work aimed to study the toxic effect of chronic repeated doses of cannabis on rat behavior, brain dopamine level and histopathological changes of the brain. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 50 male albino rats weighing 180-200 gm. Rats were divided into 2 main groups: group 1 (control; each animal received 1ml/day 100% sunflower oil (used as a vehicle); group 2 (received cannabis daily for one month "40 mg cannabis/ 200 gm rat". At the end of the month this group was subdivided into 4 subgroups: subgroups 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d and subjected to different periods of cannabis abstinence. The clinical manifestations due to the effect of long-term cannabis administration and withdrawal were recorded. After scarification, brain dopamine level was measured, and brain tissue was examined by light and electron microscope (EM). Results: Clinically; main manifestations of long-term cannabis administration found in subgroup 2a were CNS depression; while main manifestations in subgroup 2c were irritability and fighting aggression. Dopamine significantly increased in subgroup 2a compared to control group. Light and EM examination showed degenerative changes. Conclusion: Brain dopamine level was significantly high in subgroup 2a compared with control group. long-term cannabis administration causes degenerative pathological changes in the brain, which need long recovery periods.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease characterized by chronic symmetric polyarthritis involving peripheral small joints. Heterogeneity in RA pathophysiology extends to a molecular level. Understanding the complicated interaction between genetics, environment, and autoimmunity, and their function in pathogenesis, is necessary for getting further insight into the mechanisms and outcomes that manage disease development and progression. Pharmacogenomics emphasizes the relations of numerous genetic signatures with responses to traditional disease-modifying drugs and biologics. More than 100 genetic susceptibility loci have been recognized for RA through studies directed on patients with longstanding RA compared with healthy controls. So the interaction between genes and the environment may determine who is more susceptible to develop RA. This review pays attention to some recently discovered genetic risk loci in RA; ZNF804a, CDK1, YWHAH 14-3-3 η, and IL-17A. Also, their involvement in the etiology, pathogenesis, and outcome of the disease is explained, aiming to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of RA and the possibility to develop novel therapeutic approaches through targeting these genes.

Global research extensively discusses artificial intelligence (AI) and thermal comfort in urban studies. The current research design uses Goodvision Video Insights as an application of AI to analyse users' preferences for movement within three exits/entrances of the metro stations in Ramses Square, Cairo, Egypt. This study uses AI technology to track pedestrian movement based on heat exposure in metro station contexts. The primary findings identified the relationship between user experiences and urban composition. These results also revealed that the urban morphology of the metro station context impresses users' thermal comfort and movement preferences enough to track their needs through commutes. This study could not address all the aspects that influence users' experiences in the case study. Future studies provide light on the impact of varying temperature conditions on comfort levels and, as a result, human behaviour in station areas.

In this study, metal cefotaxime complexes of Ca(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Se(VI) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductance measurements, IR, electronic spectra, magnetic measurements, 1HNMR, and XRD, as well as by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The lower values for molar conductance refer to the nonelectrolyte nature of the complexes. The FTIR and 1H-NMR spectra for the metal complexes of cefotaxime proved that the free cefotaxime antibiotic ligand acted as a monoanionic tridentate ligand through the oxygen atoms of lactam carbonyl, the carboxylate group, and the nitrogen atoms of the amino group. From the magnetic measurements and electronic spectral data, octahedral structures were proposed for the Cr(III) and Se(VI) complexes, while the Cu(II) complex had tetragonal geometry. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cefotaxime and cefotaxime metal complexes on oxidative stress using antioxidant assays including DPPH, ORAC, FARAB, and ABTS, a metal chelation assay, as well as the inhibition of the viability of cancer cells (HepG-2). Regarding the antibacterial activity, the cefotaxime metal complexes were highly effective against both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, the cefotaxime metal complexes exhibited highly antioxidant activities. The cefotaxime metal complexes with Zn and Se inhibited HepG-2 cellular viability. Thus, the cefotaxime metal complexes elicited promising results as potent antioxidant and anticancer agents against HepG-2, with potent antibacterial activities at a much lower concentration.

Exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous disease with numerous abnormal targets and pathways involved in insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, beta cell dysfunction, and epigenetic factors. Botanical drugs provide a large chemical space that can modify various targets simultaneously.

This study aims to determine the impact of dietary energy levels on rumen microbial composition and its relationship to the quality of Black Tibetan sheep meat by applying metabolomics and Pearson's correlation analyses. For this purpose, UHPLC-QTOF-MS was used to identify the metabolome, whereas 16S rDNA sequencing was used to detect the rumen microbiota. Eventually, we observed that the high energy diet group (HS) improved the carcass quality of Black Tibetan sheep and fat deposition in the longissimus lumborum (LL) compared to the medium energy diet group (MS). However, HS considerably increased the texture, water holding capacity (WHC), and volatile flavor of the LL when compared to that of MS and the low energy diet group (LS). Metabolomics and correlation analyses revealed that dietary energy levels mainly affected the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids of the LL, which consequently influenced the content of volatile flavor compounds (VOCs) and fats. Furthermore, HS increased the abundance of Quinella, Ruminococcus 2, (Eubacterium) coprostanoligenes, and Succinivibrionaceae UCG-001, all of which participate in the carbohydrate metabolism in rumen and thus influence the metabolite levels (stachyose, isomaltose, etc.) in the LL. Overall, a high-energy diet is desirable for the production of Black Tibetan sheep mutton because it improves the mouthfeel and flavor of meat by altering the composition of rumen microbiota, which influences the metabolism in the LL.

The increased use of benzanthrone-based fluorescent dyes in industry and medicine, has stimulated our attempts to extend the scope of these dyes to capturing environmentally hazardous metal ions. For this purpose, a 3-azomethine benzanthrone-based fluorescent dye containing the hydroxy group at the o-position of benzene ring in the azomethine fragment has been synthesized and referred to as LH. Its ability to capture Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ metal ions from aqueous solutions was investigated. The binding mode, molecular structure, thermal and morphological characteristics, and spectroscopic properties of the LH complexes have been studied by magnetic moment, CHN analysis, fluorescence, 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy; SEM, TEM and XRD analysis, and thermogravimetry. Experimental data support the two L– anions coordination to each metal ion as a bidentate ligand. Complexes of LH with Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ ions are formulated as [ML2(H2O)2], and the Zn2+ complex is expressed as [ZnL2]. Thermal, XRD, and TEM analyses have indicated the complexes as thermally stable of nanoscale size particles ranging from 10 to 43 nm.

There are many different mathematical models and solution techniques dealing with the blood flows. A two-phase (liquid-solid) model solved by a perturbation method will be introduced. Effects of hematocrit, Reynolds number, area reduction, and different geometries of the stenotic channel are studied on the velocity, pressure gradient, and streamlines. The flow characteristics (velocity and pressure) give a great increase as the stenosis classified as a sever stenosis. It is found that, the stenosis geometry has a great effect on the pressure gradient in the axial direction, and also there is a change in velocity profile in each cross section of the geometry. The hematocrit has a noticed effect on the flow velocity and pressure gradient, in which as the hematocrit increases the maximum velocity decreases before the throat while it increased after that section.

The global burden of bacterial infection and antimicrobial resistance increases the demand to associate more than one antibiotic to fight life-threatening bacteria. Therefore, there is a great necessity to develop simple and sensitive methods for routine analysis of clinical samples. Therapeutic drug monitoring, bioequivalence, and pharmacokinetic studies are essential to ensure drug efficiency and safety. Herein, therefore, the first ecofriendly liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and fully validated for simultaneous determination of a commonly combined antibiotic for methicillin-resistant

The present investigation was conducted during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons on one-year-old persimmon seedlings cv. “Costata” grafted on “Seedy” and “Tarabouls” rootstocks in order to improve its survival percent and orchard perfoprmance. The Seedlings were treated with K-NAA or IBA either by dipping at 3000 mg l-1 for 5 seconds or soaking at 500 mg l-1 for 24 hours. Obtained results generally showed significant increase in vegetative growth, root biomass and leaf chlorophyll and mineral content by all K-NAA and IBA applications compared to the water treated ones. A highest values of sprouting buds percent (during April, June and August), average shoots number, trunk cross-sectional area, leaf area and canopy volume were recorded with the K-NAA soaking at 500 mg l-1for 24 h. Leaf chlorophyll content was highest with K-NAA and IBA soaking in the first season, while K-NAA soaking at 500 mg l-1 for 24 h gave the highest values of leaf N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn in both seasons. Also, the K-NAA soaking or dipping applications recorded the highest values of average shoot length, increment percnts of shoot length and stem diameter and highest seedlings survival in both seasons. The K-NAA soaking at 500 mg l-1 for 24 h gave the highest significant values of root biomass in the first season. Results also showed that seedlings on “Seedy” rootstock surpassed the ones on “Tarabouls” rootstock in all vegetative growth parameters and root biomass, but contained lower leaf N, P, Mn and Zn.

Three anionic chitosan surfactant with different hydrophobic tails labeled Chitosan-R8, Chitosan-R12 and Chitosan-R16 were prepared and their surface behavior in aqueous solution was determined by surface tension measurements at three different temperatures 20, 40 and 60 °C. The affinity of the synthesized anionic chitosan surfactant to form micelle enhanced with increasing the hydrophobic chain length as well as raising the solution temperature up to 60 °C. The anionic chitosan surfactant showed a great influence as capping agent for the in-situ preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) based on photochemical reduction method using sunlight as reducing agent. The chemical structure of chitosan surfactant showed a great effect on the size and stability of the prepared AgNPs. The Chitosan-R16 with longer hydrophobic tail, produce a uniform, small size & stable AgNPs compared to shorter tail Chitosan-R12 & Chitosan-R8. The prepared anionic chitosan showed good inhibiting effect against the steel corrosion in the 1.0 M HCl. The corrosion inhibition efficiency was determined using three different techniques, proving the ability of the new chitosan surfactant to inhibit the steel corrosion. The XPS results confirmed the formation of chitosan inhibitor on the steel surface.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a joint destructive disorder. This study aimed to assess lncRNA MEG3 expression and its variant rs941576 in Egyptian patients with RA.100 RA patients and 100 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Quantitative PCR was used for expression analysis and allelic discrimination technology for genotyping.LncRNA MEG3 was down-regulated in RA patients and negatively associated with RA clinical features and HIF-1α and VEGF serum levels. On the contrary, it was positively associated with BAX serum levels in RA patients. The major A allele of rs941576 variant was associated with RA patients (Serum lncRNA MEG3 expression showed negative association with increased susceptibility to RA. MEG3 gene rs941576 (A/G) polymorphism was associated with increased severity of RA in the current population.