Search

A model of bifocal distraction osteogenesis in the canine model was used to assess and quantitate the mineral content of the newly forming bone within the canine mandible. A 2-cm defect was created in the body of the mandible, and after a posterior osteotomy, the transport disk was advanced at 0.25 mm per 8 hours for 21 days and then held in rigid fixation for an additional week. As a control for this study, three additional dogs underwent the same procedure with the exception that the transport disk was not advanced. Electron dispersive spectroscopy analysis was performed on the newly formed regenerate bone and compared with areas of existing cortical bone of both the transport disk and the mandible. In the control model, special note was made of the pericortical callus at the osteotomy site as well as of the regenerative bone that filled the 2-cm defect in the body of the mandible. Calcium/phosphorous ratios were used to assess the composition of the mineralized regions of the mandible. The regenerate bone that filled the defect and the mineralized callus surrounding the site of osteoclasis in the control mandible were significantly different in composition when compared with the regenerate bone that formed during distraction osteogenesis. This suggests that distraction osteogenesis may effect an initial matrix production that is more similar in composition to the mature cortical bone from which it was derived than does periosteal regeneration and filling of an osseous defect.

Hintergrund Die Erstellung von evidenzbasierten S3-Leitlinien ist mit einem enormen zeitlichen und finanziellen Aufwand verbunden. Der tatsächliche Nutzen sowie der Erfolg der Implementierung solcher S3-Leitlinien wurden bisher jedoch nur unzureichend untersucht. Derzeit wird im Rahmen einer[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Evidenz und Entscheidung: System unter Druck; 10. Jahrestagung des Deutschen Netzwerks Evidenzbasierte Medizin

Bipolar disorders are often diagnosed too late with an average of ten years elapsing between the first disease episode and the correct diagnosis and treatment. The most common misdiagnoses are unipolar depression, schizophrenia and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). The suicide rate associated with bipolar disease is very high. Treatment consists in the administration of mood stabilizers, in the first instance lithium, but also atypical neuroleptics or lamotrigine. In the depressive phase, additional antidepressants or lamotrigine, in the manic phase valproate or an antipsychotic agent may be needed. Medication must be continued unchanged for several months beyond acute treatment. The subsequent relapse prophylaxis depends on effectiveness, tolerability, comorbidity, suicidal risk and compliance. Pharmacotherapy is supplemented by psychotherapy and psycho-education.

Compared with normal prostatic tissue, the level of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is elevated in prostatic tumors. This suggests that bFGF may play a role in the development of prostatic neoplasms. The current study was undertaken to identify the cellular distribution of bFGF in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma using a polyclonal antiserum against recombinant bFGF. In paraffin sections of prostatic tumors immunoreactive bFGF was found in fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Distinct staining was seen in most nuclei of these cells and a less intense immunoreaction occurred in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells. No immunostaining was seen in prostatic epithelial cells of prostatic tumors whether benign or malignant. With digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides in nonradioactive in situ hybridization, the presence of mRNA for bFGF was shown in smooth muscle cells of the stroma, suggesting that these cells are the main source of bFGF in BPH. Because no immunostaining for bFGF was obtained in the carcinoma cells, a specific role for bFGF cannot be seen for the development of malignant prostatic tumors.