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Objectives: This study assessed the functional threshold power and the time to exhaustion estimated from the Allen & Coggan test and verify whether performance level has an influence on this parameter. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-minute test proposed by Allen & Coggan and cycling test to exhaustionwere used to obtain the functional threshold power and a time to exhaustion. Cyclistswere divided into performance groups based into 4 categories according to their VO2max. Results: The median (interquartile range) time to exhaustion at the functional threshold power was 35 (31–38) minutes for recreationally trained cyclists, 42 (38–51) for trained ones, 47 (41–56) for well-trained ones and 51 (44–59) for professional level cyclists. Time to exhaustion increased with cyclists' experience and performance level (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The high time to exhaustion variability observed in this study suggests that functional threshold power and time to exhaustion should be assessed and reported independently for each subject. Also, cyclists' performance level and experience should be factored inwhen attempting to study the time to exhaustion, as better performing andmore experienced cyclists consistently show longer times to exhaustion at the functional threshold power.

One largely unknown question in cell biology is the discrimination between inconsequential and functional transcriptional events with relevant regulatory functions. Here, we find that the oncofetal HMGA2 gene is aberrantly reexpressed in many tumor types together with its antisense transcribed pseudogene RPSAP52. RPSAP52 is abundantly present in the cytoplasm, where it interacts with the RNA binding protein IGF2BP2/IMP2, facilitating its binding to mRNA targets, promoting their translation by mediating their recruitment on polysomes and enhancing proliferative and self-renewal pathways. Notably, downregulation of RPSAP52 impairs the balance between the oncogene LIN28B and the tumor suppressor let-7 family of miRNAs, inhibits cellular proliferation and migration in vitro and slows down tumor growth in vivo. In addition, high levels of RPSAP52 in patient samples associate with a worse prognosis in sarcomas. Overall, we reveal the roles of a transcribed pseudogene that may display properties of an oncofetal master regulator in human cancers., RPSAP52 is an antisense-transcribed pseudogene of HMGA2 that positively regulates HMGA2 expression. Here, the authors show that reexpression of RPSAP52 promotes tumorigenicity by facilitating IGF2BP2 binding to its mRNA targets and consequently regulates the balance of LIN28B and let-7 levels.

In mammals, mothers are the primary caregiver, programmed, in part, by hormones produced during pregnancy. High-quality maternal care is essential for the survival and lifelong health of offspring. We previously showed that the paternally silenced imprinted gene pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2 (Phlda2) functions to negatively regulate a single lineage in the mouse placenta called the spongiotrophoblast, a major source of hormones in pregnancy. Consequently, the offspring’s Phlda2 gene dosage may influence the quality of care provided by the mother. Here, we show that wild-type (WT) female mice exposed to offspring with three different doses of the maternally expressed Phlda2 gene—two active alleles, one active allele (the extant state), and loss of function—show changes in the maternal hypothalamus and hippocampus during pregnancy, regions important for maternal-care behaviour. After birth, WT dams exposed in utero to offspring with the highest Phlda2 dose exhibit decreased nursing and grooming of pups and increased focus on nest building. Conversely, ‘paternalised’ dams, exposed to the lowest Phlda2 dose, showed increased nurturing of their pups, increased self-directed behaviour, and a decreased focus on nest building, behaviour that was robustly maintained in the absence of genetically modified pups. This work raises the intriguing possibility that imprinting of Phlda2 contributed to increased maternal care during the evolution of mammals., Author summary Female mammals are primed during pregnancy for their new role as a mother caring for their newborn. Indirect evidence suggests that this behaviour is, in part, instructed by hormones produced by the foetally derived placenta. We previously reported that the Phlda2 gene controls the size of the placental endocrine compartment that produces hormones. Phlda2 is subject to the remarkable epigenetic process called genomic imprinting, in which one parental allele is switched off. In the case of Phlda2, this is the paternal allele. This raises the intriguing possibility that the father’s genome influences the quality of care that offspring receive from their mothers. Here, we show via genetic manipulation of pup embryos that female mice pregnant with pups carrying the highest dose of Phlda2 favour nest building over caring for their young or themselves. In contrast, dams exposed to the lowest Phlda2 dose while pregnant prioritise nurturing and grooming of their young and personal grooming. These changes in maternal focus suggest the possibility that imprinting of Phlda2 contributed to enhanced maternal care in mammals. This study also presents a unique example of how the genetic makeup of offspring can influence maternal behaviour.

The aim of the present study is determinate if the steel space grid envelope structures, for tall buildings (framed tube), are more optimal and efficient if their design is based on the isostatic lines of their equivalents structural elements according to their solicitations. In this study, 600 models of tall buildings, for different triangled façades and geometric slenderness, are analyzed. The methodology employed consisted of detecting the wind loads that affects tall buildings applying the Equivalent Static Wind Loads (ESWL) in relation to the wind speed and turbulence result of the roughness terrain and the topographic. However, it was also needed to establish the frequencies and modes of vibration of each structure as well as defining the coefficients of pressure, force and moments produced by the wind. The results conclude that space grids are more efficient if they do adopt the trajectory of the main and dominant load, in this case the wind. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar si las mallas estructurales de acero, envolventes de edificios en altura (entramado en tubo), son más óptimas y eficientes cuando su diseño se adapta a la trayectoria de las líneas isostáticas de los elementos estructurales equivalentes bajo las acciones solicitantes. Se analizan 600 modelos de edificios en altura, para distintas triangulaciones de fachada y esbelteces. Las cargas de viento que influyen sobre los edificios se determinan con el método de Cargas Estáticas Equivalentes de acuerdo a la velocidad del viento y turbulencia provocados por la rugosidad del terreno y la topografía. También será necesario determinar las frecuencias y modos de vibración propios de cada estructura, así como definir los coeficientes de presión, de fuerzas y de momentos resultantes del viento. Los resultados concluyen que las mallas ganan eficiencia cuando identifican la trayectoria de las líneas isostáticas generadas por la acción principal, el viento.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: We compared the ability of biennial fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) and one-time sigmoidoscopy to detect colon side-specific advanced neoplasms in a population-based, multicenter, nationwide, randomized controlled trial. METHODS: We identified asymptomatic men and women, 50-69 years old, through community health registries and randomly assigned them to groups that received a single colonoscopy examination or biennial FIT. Sigmoidoscopy yield was simulated from results obtained from the colonoscopy group, according to the criteria proposed in the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Trial for colonoscopy referral. Patients who underwent FIT and were found to have >= 75 ng hemoglobin/mL were referred for colonoscopy. Data were analyzed from 5059 subjects in the colonoscopy group and 10,507 in the FIT group. The main outcome was rate of detection of any advanced neoplasm proximal to the splenic flexure. RESULTS: Advanced neoplasms were detected in 317 subjects (6.3%) in the sigmoidoscopy simulation group compared with 288 (2.7%) in the FIT group (odds ratio for sigmoidoscopy, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.93-2.70; P = .0001). Sigmoidoscopy also detected advanced distal neoplasia in a higher percentage of patients than FIT (odds ratio, 2.61; 95% confidence interval, 2.20-3.10; P = .0001). The methods did not differ significantly in identifying patients with advanced proximal neoplasms (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.76; P = .44). This was probably due to the lower performance of both strategies in detecting patients with proximal lesions (sigmoidoscopy detected these in 19.1% of patients and FIT in 14.9% of patients) vs distal ones (sigmoidoscopy detected these in 86.8% of patients and FIT in 33.5% of patients). Sigmoidoscopy, but not FIT, detected proximal lesions in lower percentages of women (especially those 50-59 years old) than men. CONCLUSIONS: Sigmoidoscopy and FIT have similar limitations in detecting advanced proximal neoplasms, which depend on patients' characteristics; sigmoidoscopy underperforms for women 50-59 years old. Screening strategies should be designed on the basis of target population to increase effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. ClinicalTrials.govnumber: NCT00906997

El trabajo presenta un caso, el del Banco Itaú, para estudiar el tema del gobierno corporativo desde un enfoque que trasciende a los mecanismos de gobierno y se centra en las relaciones entre los agentes. Se discute la diferencia entre sistemas formales e informales y se pone de manifiesto la importancia de los factores informales en el gobierno de una empresa. El caso combinafuentes primarias y secundarias con entrevistas directas a altos cargos del Banco Itaú. Las narrativas organizacionales y su estudio aportan nuevos elementos de análisis en el debate sobre el gobierno corporativo.

The experimental pK values corresponding to the acid forms of Rose Bengal, Eosin Y, their methyl esters, their methyl ethers, and the decarboxylated compound derived from the first dye, all of them in solution in 1:1 mixtures of dioxane with aqueous buffers, have been determined by applying graphical methods to visible Spectrophotometric data. Assuming the same visible absorption spectra for molecules with similar chromophoric groups, the isomerization constants of the possible equilibria between lactonic and quinonoid tautomeric structures, and the pK values of the ionizations of the molecular forms which can be present, have been estimated. In the quinonoid molecular forms of Rose Bengal and Eosin Y, their phenol groups are ionized first, with estimated pK values of 2·57 and 2·69 respectively, while their carboxylic groups show much less acidity, and pK values of 5·01 and 6·25.

© 2014. The copyright of this document resides with its authors. Simultaneous object detection and pose estimation is a challenging task in computer vision. In this paper, we tackle the problem using Hough Forests. Unlike most methods in the literature, we focus on the problem of continuous pose estimation. Moreover, we aim for a probabilistic output. We first introduce a new pose purity criterion for splitting a node during the forest training. Second, we propose the concept of Probabilistic Locally Enhanced Voting (PLEV), a novel regression strategy which consists in modulating the regression with a kernel density estimation to consolidate the votes in a local region near the maxima detected in the Hough space. And third, we propose a pose-based back-projection strategy to improve the bounding box estimation. With these three additions, we show that our Hough Forest can achieve state-of-the-art results without needing 3D CAD models. We present a quite versatile method, showing results for different categories (cars as well as faces) and for different modalities (RGB as well as depth images). Redondo-Cabrera C., López-Sastre R., Tuytelaars T., ''All together now: Simultaneous object detection and continuous pose estimation using a hough forest with probabilistic locally enhanced voting'', 25th British machine vision conference - BMVC 2014, 12 pp., September 1-5, 2014, Nottingham, UK. ispartof: pages:1-12 ispartof: Proceedings BMVC 2014 pages:1-12 ispartof: British machine vision conference - BMVC 2014 location:Nottingham, UK date:1 Sep - 5 Sep 2014 status: published