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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous, covalently circularised, non-protein-coding RNAs generated from back-splicing. Most circRNAs are very stable, highly conserved, and expressed in a tissue-, cell- and developmental stage-specific manner. circRNAs play a significant role in various biological processes, such as regulation of gene expression and protein translation via sponging of microRNAs and binding with RNA-binding proteins. circRNAs have become a topic of great interest in research due to their close link with the development of various diseases. Their high stability, conservation and abundance in body fluids make them promising biomarkers for many diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that aberrant expression of circRNAs and their targets plays a crucial role in pulmonary vascular remodelling and pulmonary arterial hypertension (group 1) as well as other forms (groups 3 and 4) of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here we discuss the roles and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodelling and PH. We also highlight the therapeutic and biomarker potential of circRNAs in PH.

Considering spillover effects of foreign capital, this paper establishes a method for the receiving economy to constantly monitor and forecast the movement of foreign capital within itself so that methods of regulation could be established to guarantee the health and stable development (or the security) of the domestic economy. Methods of control theory are employed to model the movement of foreign capital, to estimate the initial state of foreign capital’s movement. On the method established and the systemic yoyo model, this paper introduces ways to prevent foreign capital from adversely impacting the receiving economy for establishing theoretical guidance for insuring the healthy development of the economy. This paper provides several practically useful strategies that could counter disturbances caused by foreign capital within the receiving economy and protect the economic security of the system in order to avoid the disastrous aftermath of the currency war that occurs along with large scale withdraw of foreign capital that was initially invested within the system in friendly terms., №2 (2018)