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People with severe or profound intellectual disabilities (IDs) are believed to experience low levels of self-determination, which negatively affects their quality of life. This systematic review describes existing interventions aimed to support self-determination or components thereof and synthesises evidence on the interventions' effects. Eight databases were searched, turning in 76 articles for the final inclusion. The studies included 631 people with severe or profound IDs of whom 81% had multiple disabilities. The studies had quantitative (k = 63), qualitative (k = 7) and mixed study designs (k = 6). Sample sizes ranged from 1 to 95 and a study quality index ranged from 40% to 100%. While many studies included several self-determination components and intervention elements, overall, 53 studies focused on the self-determination components choice making, independence and problem solving. Other studies included increased assistance (k = 14); engagement in meaningful activities and relationships (k = 10); community and societal participation (k = 5); supporting the basic psychological needs autonomy, competence and relatedness (k = 4); individuality and dignity (k = 3); supportive decision-making (k = 2); self-advocacy (k = 2); and motivation (k = 1). Intervention elements included technology (k = 33); multiple-component training packages, goal setting, empowerment tactics and applied behaviour principles (k = 17); training of caretakers (k = 17); changes in policies and living arrangements (k = 9); supporter responsiveness (k = 1); drama therapy and storytelling (k = 1); electrical wheelchair training (k = 1); joint painting procedure (k = 1); youth advocacy project (k = 1); and multiliteracies training (k = 1). Reflecting the heterogeneity of the field, only four studies tested a similar intervention for this population and were eligible for the meta-analysis, which combined showed a small effect size of 2.69. Further research is needed to explore relationships between individuals with severe or profound IDs and their relatives and health care professionals and create supportive environments that meet their basic psychological needs.

People with severe or profound intellectual disabilities (IDs) are believed to experience low levels of self-determination, which negatively affects their quality of life. This systematic review describes existing interventions aimed to support self-determination or components thereof and synthesises evidence on the interventions' effects. Eight databases were searched, turning in 76 articles for the final inclusion. The studies included 631 people with severe or profound IDs of whom 81% had multiple disabilities. The studies had quantitative (k = 63), qualitative (k = 7) and mixed study designs (k = 6). Sample sizes ranged from 1 to 95 and a study quality index ranged from 40% to 100%. While many studies included several self-determination components and intervention elements, overall, 53 studies focused on the self-determination components choice making, independence and problem solving. Other studies included increased assistance (k = 14); engagement in meaningful activities and relationships (k = 10); community and societal participation (k = 5); supporting the basic psychological needs autonomy, competence and relatedness (k = 4); individuality and dignity (k = 3); supportive decision-making (k = 2); self-advocacy (k = 2); and motivation (k = 1). Intervention elements included technology (k = 33); multiple-component training packages, goal setting, empowerment tactics and applied behaviour principles (k = 17); training of caretakers (k = 17); changes in policies and living arrangements (k = 9); supporter responsiveness (k = 1); drama therapy and storytelling (k = 1); electrical wheelchair training (k = 1); joint painting procedure (k = 1); youth advocacy project (k = 1); and multiliteracies training (k = 1). Reflecting the heterogeneity of the field, only four studies tested a similar intervention for this population and were eligible for the meta-analysis, which combined showed a small effect size of 2.69. Further research is needed to explore relationships between individuals with severe or profound IDs and their relatives and health care professionals and create supportive environments that meet their basic psychological needs.

Because adolescent leisure is important to development, we consider its role in Portuguese adolescent wellbeing. Data for this study came from 303 adolescents in grades 10, 11, and 12 living in a large urban area in northern Portugal. Self-report data were collected in classrooms using a cross-sectional design in two urban high schools. Hypothesis testing used seven hierarchical linear regression models. Except for subjective happiness, experiencing boredom in leisure and/or the ability to make a boring situation more interesting were strong predictors of each wellbeing experience in the predicted direction. Perceptions of healthy leisure were associated with higher levels of life satisfaction, subjective happiness, self-esteem, and positive affect. Active leisure was important to adolescent self efficacy and positive affect. Those who could restructure a boring situation into something more interesting exhibited higher levels of wellbeing experience. Adolescents who perceived parental autonomy control were more likely to experience boredom in leisure.

研究ノート, Research Notes, 日本では介護人材不足の解決策のひとつとして介護領域へのテクノロジーの導入が注目されている。一方、スウェーデンでは、「ウェルフェア・テクノロジー」（以下、WT）という概念のもと、高齢者の自己決定や社会参加といったウェルビーイングな側面からテクノロジーを導入する動きがある。そこで本研究はスウェーデンのWTに関する政策や取組みを通して、高齢者の自己決定・社会参加への影響を具体的に明らかにすることである。研究方法として、関係省庁や基礎自治体のホームページ・報告書を調査し、整理した。また、2つのコミューン（基礎自治体）に事例調査を行い、具体的な取組みを明らかにした。これらの調査結果より、スウェーデンでは高齢者の補助具利用に馴染みがあるため、WTの概念が受け入れられやすく、利用促進につながっていることが見出された。さらに、テクノロジーを導入することで、高齢者本人がケアプランの作成に関与したり、外出を自由に行ったりなど、自らの生活を主体的にアレンジすることを可能にしていた。一方で銀行や医療といった生活に密着した領域でのデジタル化が進んでいるため、デジタル社会における高齢者の孤立が問題になっており、テクノロジー利用を支援する自治体や市民団体の取組みもWT促進の重要な役割を担っていることが明らかとなった。, In Japan, technology introduction for elderly care is drawing attention as one solution to care workers’ shortage. Conversely, in Sweden, there is a movement to introduce technology from the perspective of well-being, such as elderly self-determination and social participation based on “welfare technology” (WT) concept. This study aimed to clarify its impact on self-determination and social participation of the elderly through Swedish policies and activities. As a research method, websites and reports of relevant ministries and municipalities were investigated. Furthermore, case studies were conducted in two municipalities in Sweden. From these survey results, it was found that the WT concept was accepted and its use was promoted because the elderly is familiar with the use of assistive devices. Therefore, technology introduction enabled the elderly to arrange their lives, such as being involved in making their own care plans and going out freely. Alternatively, as digitization is taking place in areas closely related to daily life, such as banking and medical care, it became clear that civic groups that support technology use to prevent the elderly from becoming isolated also play an important role.

Bu çalışmada öncelikle, milliyetçilik, devlet altı milliyetçilik ve self determinasyon kavramları ampirik örneklerle desteklenerek analiz edilmektedir. Daha sonra İskoç ve Katalan bağımsızlık hareketlerinin tarihsel gelişimine, iç dinamiklerine ve güncel bir karşılaştırmasına yer verilmektedir. Çalışmada devlet altı milliyetçilik konusunda uzman düşünürlerin çalışmaları ve konunun güncelliğini koruması sebebiyle bağımsız düşünce ve yayın kuruluşlarının haberleri nitel olarak analiz edilmektedir. Bu bölgelerin bağımsızlık taleplerinin kamuoyunda güçlenmesinin en önemli nedenleri; emperyal gücün kaybı, güçlü devlet altı kurumsallaşma, kamu diplomasisi faaliyetleri, ekonomik talepler ve anayasal krizler olarak belirlenmiştir. Katalonya’da daha güçlü ekonomik motivasyon ve kamu diplomasisi bulunsa da son kamuoyu yoklamaları ve bölgesel seçim sonuçları, bağımsızlıktan çok özerklik haklarının genişletilmesi yönünde desteğin artışta olduğunu göstermektedir. İskoçya ise İngiltere’ye fazlasıyla bağımlı bir ekonomik yapılanma ve kamu diplomasisine sahiptir. Fakat İskoç Ulusal Partisi (SNP) liderliğindeki güçlü siyasi yapılanmasıyla özellikle Brexit sürecinde, kamuoyu yoklamalarından da anlaşılacağı üzere, bağımsızlık hareketleri konusunda uluslararası kamuoyunda ciddi bir baskı yaratabilmektedir., In this study, firstly, the concepts of nationalism, sub-state nationalism and selfdetermination are analysed with empirical cases. Then, the historical development, internal dynamics and a current comparison of the Scottish and Catalan independence movements are explained. The studies of sub-state nationalism specialists and the news of independent think tanks and broadcasting organisations are analysed qualitatively. The most important reasons for the strengthening of the independence demands of these regions in the public opinion are determined as loss of imperial power, strong sub-state institutionalisation, public diplomacy activities, economic demands and constitutional crises. Although there is stronger economic motivation and public diplomacy in Catalonia, recent opinion polls and regional election results show that support for expanding autonomy rights rather than independence is on the rise. Scotland, on the other hand, has an economic structure and public diplomacy that is highly dependent on England. However, with its strong political structure led by SNP, especially in the Brexit process, as can be understood from the opinion polls, it can create a serious pressure on the international public opinion regarding the independence movements.

The present study examined the associations of transformational leadership behaviors and team cohesion with the psychological health (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and burnout) of athletes and the indirect relationship of basic psychological needs. The sample consisted of 252 (boys) players aged between 13 and 15. The model data fit was also verified. The results demonstrated that the transformational leadership behaviors of coaches were indirectly related to athletes' psychological health. Team cohesion was related to athletes' psychological health both directly and indirectly. Basic psychological needs played an indirect role in these relationships. Transformational leadership and team cohesion have important implications for the healthy development of young people.

Using referendums to settle the question of sovereignty might look intuitive, but self-determination is not always accompanied by a referendum empirically, and the existing literature largely points to politicians’ instrumental motivations to hold self-determination referendums. Referendums are also notorious for their zero-sum nature. What exactly then makes referendums essential for self-determination? By analysing East Timor’s 1999 referendum, this article uncovers three reasons referendums should be held to accurately ascertain the population’s wishes in non-democratic contexts: the fear that representatives might be bribed or threatened in a hypothetical indirect vote; the simple nature of referendums; and the lack of democratic tradition., Published online: 16 Mar 2023

In the present study, two mediational mechanisms, religious self-regulation and self-determination, were hypothesized to account for the relationship between self-resilience and conflict management strategies across a sample of Muslim international students in Pakistan. This correlational study collected data from a university-based sample of 330 young adults (Mage = 22.53, SD = 1.90) enrolled in different programs in Pakistani universities. The study findings suggested that self-resilience was related to religious self-regulation, self-determination, and conflict management strategies. The strength of the relationship ranged from moderate to strong (.25 to.57). Results revealed that religious self-regulation fully mediated the path between self-resilience and conflict management style (e.g., collaborating). Self-determination demonstrated a partially but significantly mediated effect on the conflict management style (i.e., compromising). The current study suggests that religious self-regulation may play an imperative role in learning and executing effective conflict management strategies in international students in Pakistan. Directions for future research and study implications and limitations are also discussed. © 2023 Taylor & Francis.

Persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PMID) are in danger of not being granted the human right to experience self-determination. Attitudes questioning the relevance of the rights of persons with significant support needs and a lack of guidance on how to practically go about ensuring self-determination might explain this. Providing knowledge about this matter, this article contributes through an ethnography highlighting the relationship between persons with PIMD and professionals. The concept of holding another’s identity was found to be a possible, fruitful approach toward self-determination in this context. Descriptions of holding dialogues with an ethics of care suggest specific conditions for moving practices toward self-determination: recognize the role of the professional, emphasize embodied empathy, and enable involvement. The ethnography suggests a broadened understanding of self-determination, pinpointing the importance of sensitivity toward the other’s particularity.

El Aprendizaje Cooperativo (AC) se perfila como una herramienta que centra a los estudiantes en el foco principal del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el área de Educación Física (EF). El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar el impacto del AC en la satisfacción de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (BPNES) frente a un modelo de enseñanza tradicional en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Para el análisis, se tomó una muestra total formada por 185 participantes, en el que se empleó un método cuantitativo con un diseño cuasi-experimental. Se desarrollaron seis sesiones a través retos cooperativos. Se utilizó como instrumento la Escala de Medición de las BPNES adaptada a la EF. Los resultados mostraron una mejora estadísticamente significativa en la autonomía, competencia y relaciones sociales en el grupo experimental. Una metodología activa basada en el aprendizaje cooperativo en las clases de EF mejora la satisfacción de las BPNES. Cooperative Learning (AC) is emerging as a tool that places students at the centre of the teaching and learning process in the area of Physical Education (PE). The objective of the present investigation was to analyse the impact of AC on the satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs (BPNES) against a traditional teaching model in students of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO). For the analysis, a total sample consisting of 185 participants was taken, and a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design was used. Participants experienced six sessions through cooperative challenges. The BPNES Measurement Scale adapted to PE was used as an instrument. The results showed a statistically significant improvement in autonomy, competence and social relations in the experimental group. An active methodology based on cooperative learning in PE classes improves the satisfaction of BPNES.

Le président Wilson a fait de l’autodétermination une clé de voûte du nouvel ordre mondial, mais le concept est appliqué de façon arbitraire lors des négociations de paix de 1919. L’Europe centrale et orientale, dont Wilson avait une connaissance très limitée, constitue à cet égard un laboratoire. Cet article s’intéresse à la formulation de la politique américaine dans cet espace à travers les travaux de l’Inquiry, le groupe d’experts chargé de penser l’après-guerre, et examine les lettres des groupes et des individus qui ont tenté d’influencer la position du président américain sur cette question. Self-determination was a keystone of Woodrow Wilson’s new world order. However, this concept was arbitrary applied during the Paris peace negotiations of 1919. Central and Eastern Europe, of which Wilson had very limited knowledge, became a laboratory for self-determination. This article examines the crafting of the American policy in this region through the work of The Inquiry, a group assembled in preparation for the Peace Conference, and examines letters of groups and individuals who appealed to the American president on self-determination issues in Central and Eastern Europe.

This paper has studied the issue of agitations for self-determination in Nigeria from an African philosophical point of view. It studied these agitations in the light of the amalgamation treaty of 1914, the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and most importantly, extant international laws. The beauty of this piece is that it focused on major issues which constitute the basis for the agitations for self-determination in Nigeria namely religious marginalization, ethnic marginalization, economic marginalization and political marginalization. The burden of this piece is the issue of the problem of co-existence in Nigeria. This paper articulated its position based on Igwebuike philosophy as a theoretical framework, which emphasizes dialogue, justice and inclusive leadership as indispensable pathways to integration and national unity. For the purpose of this study, the historical and analytical methods of inquiry were patronized given that historical events were studied and the outcome of such events analysed. It submits that, rather than using force to quell the agitation for self-determination, the path of justice, dialogue and inclusive leadership should be explored as most cases of cessation are responses to the absence of these state ideals.

The concept of self-determination is often approached in a differential way, contrasting skillsand deficits, risk and protection, eligible or ineligible disabilities, ordinary environment andspecialized institutions, institutionalization and disinstitutionalization. Defending a humanistapproach around the unconditional conviction of belonging, we report an ethnographic researchin IMPro. The results show that the development of “do with” and negotiation spaces allowsadolescents to develop real self-determination skills. These results also underscore our collectiveand shared responsibility in this process of promoting self-determination. The debate betweeninstitutionalization and self-determination seems thus to have to be seriously re-examined., Le concept d’autodétermination est souvent abordé de manière différentielle, mettant enopposition compétences et déficits, risque et protection, handicaps éligibles ou non éligibles,milieu ordinaire et établissements spécialisés, institutionnalisation et désinstitutionnalisation.Défendant une approche humaniste autour de la conviction inconditionnelle d’appartenance,nous rendons compte d’une recherche ethnographique en IMPro. Les résultats montrent quele développement d’espaces de faire avec et de négociation permettent aux adolescents dedévelopper de réelles habiletés à l’autodétermination. Ces résultats soulignent en outre notreresponsabilité collective et partagée dans ce processus de promotion de l’autodétermination.Aussi le débat mettant en opposition institutionnalisation et autodétermination nous semble-t-ildevoir être sérieusement réinterrogé.

This cross-sectional study sought to examine the differences between family and professional guardians across personal and role characteristics, training received, and their inclusion of people they serve in decision making. A total of 237 subjects serving as guardian to adults in the state of Indiana completed an online survey. Results showed group differences across race, education, as well as diagnosis and age of those served. Overall, training was limited across both groups, and family guardians received significantly less training across several topics. Finally, family and professional guardians were found to significantly differ in their willingness to allow people they serve to inform and/or make decisions about spending money, working in the community, and treating a medical condition. Study implications for policy and practice are also discussed, along with recommendations about integrating values of self-determination and empowerment approaches into practice.

The Self Determined Learning Model of Instruction is an evidence-based intervention for supporting self-directed goal setting and problem solving. Traditionally, the SDLMI has not been applied in the psychotherapeutic context, however we propose that the SDLMI is an approach that could be integrated into such a context to support self-determination, goal setting, and goal attainment. In this paper, we specifically focus on connections between the SDLMI and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and how the approaches can be used jointly, during psychotherapy to support teens and young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities to set, work towards, and reach goals. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

В главе рассматриваются теоретико-методологические основания сопровождения профессионального самоопределения старшеклассников, моделирование рефлексивной технологии процесса сопровождения профессионального самоопределения и его реализация в пространстве образовательной организации. Идея исследования заключается в том, что результатом сопровождения профессионального самоопределения старшеклассников является понимание личностных особенностей, рассматриваемых в русле рефлексивной деятельности, а главное приобретение навыков самоопределения. Цель исследования – создание и описание теоретико-концептуальных основ модели рефлексивной технологии сопровождения профессионального самоопределения старшеклассников в рамках среднего образования. Исследовательские результаты показывают, что развитие рефлексивных умений учеников и сохранение устойчивого профессионального интереса происходит в результате реализации рефлексивной технологии. Автор приходит к выводу, что смыслом процесса сопровождения профессионального самоопределения старшеклассников можно считать самодвижение в профессиональном и личностном плане., The chapter discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations for supporting the professional self-determination of high school students, modeling the reflexive technology of the process of supporting professional self-determination and its implementation in the space of an educational organization. The idea of the study is that the result of supporting professional self-determination of high school students is an understanding of personal characteristics considered in line with reflective activity, and most importantly, the acquisition of self-determination skills. The purpose of the study is to create and describe the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the model of reflexive technology for supporting the professional self-determination of high school students in the framework of secondary education. Research results show that the development of students' reflective skills and the preservation of a sustainable professional interest occur as a result of the implementation of reflective technology. The author comes to the conclusion that self-promotion in professional and personal terms can be considered the meaning of the process of supporting the professional self-determination of high school students.

Introduction. Supporting the pronounced trend in the development of psychological science in recent decades, which consists in the expressed interest of scientists in studying the psychological optimum of the functioning of the individual, in particular various aspects of his mental health and psychological well-being, the emergence of numerous studies devoted to this scientific problem, it is necessary to carry out a theoretical and empirical study of significant correlates of positive mental health in the structure of psychological well-being of various representatives of Ukrainian society. Purpose. Consideration of the essential characteristics and structure of psychological well-being as a basic component of mental health of an individual, highlighting the peculiarities of the correlation and mutual influence of positive mental health and experiencing psychological well-being, as well as determining on the material of psychodiagnostic data of various categories of the Ukrainian population those structural components of psychological well-being that have significant correlations with their positive mental health. Methods. Psychodiagnostic examination of the studied persons was carried out according to 3 standardized methods: "Scale of psychological well-being" C.Ryff, questionnaire "6The Mental Health Continuum – Short Form" by K.Keys in the adaptation of E.Nosenko, A.Chetverik-Burchak and an adapted version of the method of G.Eysenck "Self-assessment of states of anxiety, frustration, aggressiveness and rigidity". The results were processed using Pearson's correlation analysis. Originality. The article contains an overview of the essential characteristics and structure of psychological well-being presented in the literature as a basic component of mental health of the individual. It is determined that the basic system-forming factor in ensuring psychological well-being is the ability of the individual to self-determination, which implies a high degree of autonomy, developed goal-setting skills, orientation to a deep sense of one's own "I", the ability to occupy a certain position in relation to external and internal forces directly acting on a person. It is recorded that the key indicator of psychological well-being is self-awareness of a person as a creative the subject of life, its expressed need for self-realization and activity aimed at achieving this goal. It is proved that the most complete and universal structure of psychological well-being is revealed by the model proposed by C. Ryff, in accordance with which the components of psychological well-being are positive relationships, autonomy, environmental management, personal growth, purpose in life, self-acceptance. Conclusion. It has been established that positive mental health is a set of metacognitive knowledge of an individual about the arrangement of his own mental apparatus and methods of managing it, as well as ways and means of maintaining an optimal state of mental health, which underlies its progressive preservation and multiplication. It is substantiated that mental health and psychological well-being relate to each other as a whole and a part. Empirically, a number of significant correlates of mental health have been identified in the structure of psychological well-being of military personnel and medical workers as the most socially significant segments of the population. A significant beneficial effect on mental health of those components of psychological well-being that underlie the individual's ability to self-determination has been recorded. Psychological analysis of the identified correlations is carried out, which can form the basis for the development of measures to improve the mental health of these categories of persons within the framework of their psychological support. The prospect for further research may be a differentiated diagnostic assessment of the state of mental health and psychological well-being among military personnel and medical workers with the definition of possible differences in the severity of the structural components of these diagnostic constructs in these categories of persons. It will also seem appropriate to conduct correlation analyzes between indicators of mental health and psychological well-being separately for military personnel and separately for medical workers, as well as, if possible, for other segments of the population, followed by comparing the results of these correlation analyzes., Стаття містить огляд сутнісних характеристик та структури психологічного благополуччя як базисної складової психічного здоров’я особистості. Обґрунтовано, що психічне здоров’я та психологічне благополуччя співвідносяться між собою як ціле і частина. Емпіричним шляхом виявлено низку значущих корелятів психічного здоров’я у структурі психологічного благополуччя військовослужбовців та медичних працівників.

The self-determination of people with disabilities, and specifically people with intellectual disabilities (ID), is a growing issue due to its relevance in the field of inclusion and human rights. Although research has shown a significant relationship between self-determination and intelligence, other factors also contribute to its development. The purpose of this study was to understand what other variables may be influencing self-determination. Using the scores from 483 adolescents and adults with ID who completed the AUTODDIS scale, we performed inferential and regression analyses to determine the relationships between levels of self-determination, personal variables (sex, age, severity of ID), and contextual variables (living environment, specialized supports). We found that self-determination is affected by the severity of ID, and when this variable is controlled for, greater self-determination is mainly related to receiving occupational support and support for autonomy and independent living. Results also showed that, together with ID severity, occupational and psychoeducational support, as well as support for autonomy and independent living, were also predictors of the level of self-determination. In conclusion, this study confirms the importance of contextual variables in the development of self-determination in people with ID, placing the focus of intervention on social opportunities.

Le multiculturalisme est considéré comme l’une des principales théories politiques contemporaines de la gestion de la diversité, particulièrement chez les penseurs libéraux. À cet égard, les travaux pionniers du philosophe Will Kymlicka ont permis de montrer que les questions de justice devaient dépasser les enjeux de distribution des ressources pour aussi inclure les questions de justice culturelle. En reprenant plusieurs des intuitions libérales de ses prédécesseurs, Kymlicka est parvenu à proposer un modèle original de gestion des droits culturels. On peut cependant se demander dans quelle mesure les théories de ces prédécesseurs ont pu influencer le multiculturalisme libéral. N’est-il pas raisonnable de supposer que les théories de la diversité culturelle comme le multiculturalisme libéral ont reconduit certains éléments théoriques des premières réflexions libérales sur la diversité? Et, si oui, quel impact cet héritage impérial a-t-il eu sur les solutions envisagées et sur la façon dont le problème de la diversité a été posé? Dans l’optique où les espaces impériaux furent parmi les premiers ensembles à devoir gérer la diversité culturelle, on peut se demander dans quelle mesure les théories contemporaines de la gestion de la diversité culturelle rompent avec les théories impériales de la gestion de la diversité culturelle. Plus précisément, on peut se demander s’il existe des continuités théoriques entre une théorie du multiculturalisme libéral telle que celle proposée par Kymlicka et la façon dont les libéraux du XIXe théorisaient le problème de la diversité culturelle à l’époque des empires plurinationaux. Les théories du multiculturalisme libéral auraient-elles reconduit certains biais impérialistes ou coloniaux? Ou, à l’inverse, les critiques faites à leur endroit ne sont-elles pas infondées et ne manquent-elles pas leur cible en s’attaquant aux théories du multiculturalisme? Comment doit-on penser la relation entre empire, colonialisme et multiculturalisme? Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons donc cherché à répondre à ces interrogations en partant de deux questions : existe-t-il un biais impérial dans les théories du multiculturalisme et, si oui, comment peut-on le corriger? Ces deux questions ont pour but de nous aider à comprendre comment le passé impérial des sociétés peut nous aider à mieux saisir les enjeux philosophiques et politiques liés à la question de la diversité culturelle. La présente thèse propose donc de repenser les théories du multiculturalisme libéral à l’aune de leur passé impérial. Pour ce faire, notre réflexion sera construite autour d’une analyse critique des travaux de l’un des principaux penseurs du multiculturalisme libéral : Kymlicka. En partant des travaux de ce dernier, nous tenterons de reconstruire les lignes de continuité théorique qui ont pu exister entre le multiculturalisme libéral et les libéraux impériaux du XIXe siècle. Nous mettrons ainsi en dialogue la théorie libérale de Kymlicka avec les théories de certains de ses prédécesseurs libéraux, notamment John Stuart Mill, Lord Acton et Alfred Zimmern. Cette reconstruction historique nous permettra de mieux comprendre sur quels aspects les propositions de Kymlicka se distinguent de celles de ses prédécesseurs ou, à l’inverse, quels biais elles reconduisent en s’appuyant sur celles-ci. En retour, nous nous pencherons sur les critiques contemporaines qui ont été faites à l’endroit du multiculturalisme libéral, notamment afin de comprendre dans quelle mesure ces critiques se rattachent à la question du passé impérial d’une société comme le Canada. En mettant en place cette double perspective critique, à la fois historique et philosophique, notre ambition est de mieux comprendre les limites des théories du multiculturalisme libéral, et ce, afin de pouvoir en arriver à proposer de nouvelles avenues pour penser la cohabitation des peuples. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, nous soutiendrons dans un premier temps que les théoriciens du multiculturalisme libéral reconduisent un biais impérial en prenant pour acquise la question de la légitimité. Ce faisant, ils laissent de côté la question de l’autorité politique : qui possède le pouvoir sur qui? Dans un deuxième temps, nous argumenterons que les théories du multiculturalisme libéral peuvent mieux réaliser l’idéal d’autonomie des groupes culturels qu’ils défendent en utilisant une conception de l’autonomie fondée sur le concept de non-domination. En partant des travaux d’Iris Marion Young, nous soutiendrons que les concepts d’autonomie relationnelle et d’autodétermination comme non-domination permettent de mieux réaliser le principe d’égalité entre les peuples que ne le font les conceptions classiques de l’autodétermination interne défendues par les libéraux. Cependant, si les propositions théoriques de Young nous permettent d’accroître le potentiel critique des théories du multiculturalisme, nous montrerons qu’elles doivent néanmoins intégrer une conception plus forte des groupes culturels et donc, recourir à une ontologie sociale légèrement différente pour le faire de manière effective., Multiculturalism is considered one of the main contemporary political theories of diversity management, particularly among liberal thinkers. In this regard, the pioneering work of philosopher Will Kymlicka helped to show that questions of justice must go beyond issues of resources distribution to also include issues of cultural justice. By taking up many of the liberal insights of his predecessors, Kymlicka has succeeded in proposing an original model of cultural rights management. However, it is questionable to what extent the theories of his predecessors have influenced liberal multiculturalism. Is it not reasonable to assume that both theories of cultural diversity and liberal multiculturalism have carried over some of the theoretical elements of early liberal thinking on diversity? And, if so, what impact has this imperial legacy had on the solutions envisioned and on how the problem of diversity has been posed? Since imperial spaces were among the first sets to have to manage cultural diversity, one may ask to what extent current theories of cultural management break with imperial theories of cultural diversity management . Specifically, one might ask whether there are theoretical continuities between a theory of liberal multiculturalism as the one proposed by Kymlicka and the way nineteenth-century liberals theorized the problem of cultural diversity in the era of plurinational empires. Do theories of liberal multiculturalism have renewed certain imperialist or colonial biases? Or, conversely, are the criticisms leveled at them not unfounded, and do they not miss their target in attacking theories of multiculturalism? How should we think about the relationship between empire, colonialism, and multiculturalism? In this thesis, we sought to answer these matters based on two questions: is there an imperial bias in theories of multiculturalism and, if so, how can it be corrected? These two questions are intended to help us understand how the imperial past of societies can help us better understand the philosophical and political issues related to the question of cultural diversity. This thesis, therefore, proposes to rethink theories of liberal multiculturalism by considering their imperial past. To do so, our reflection will be built around a critical analysis of the work of one of the main thinkers of liberal multiculturalism: Kymlicka. Starting from his work, we will attempt to reconstruct the lines of theoretical continuity that may have existed between liberal multiculturalism and the imperial liberals of the 19th century. We will thus put Kymlicka's liberal theory in dialogue with the theories of some of his liberal predecessors, notably John Stuart Mill, Lord Acton, and Alfred Zimmern. This historical reconstruction will allow us to better understand in which aspects Kymlicka's proposals differ from his predecessors or, conversely, which biases he reproduces by relying on them. At a second level, we will look at contemporary critiques of liberal multiculturalism, particularly to understand how these critiques relate to the question of the imperial past of a society like Canada. By putting in place this double critical perspective, both historical and philosophical, our ambition is to better understand the limits of theories of liberal multiculturalism and to be able to propose new avenues for thinking about the cohabitation of peoples. To address these objectives, we will first argue that theorists of liberal multiculturalism reproduce an imperial bias by taking for granted the question of legitimacy. In doing so, they leave aside the question of political authority: who has power over whom? Second, we will argue that theories of liberal multiculturalism can better realize the ideal of autonomy for cultural groups that they defend by using a conception of autonomy based on the concept of non-domination. Drawing on Iris Marion Young's work, we will argue that the concepts of relational autonomy and self-determination as non-domination better realize the principle of equality among peoples than do classical conceptions of internal self-determination defended by liberals. However, if Young's theoretical proposals allow us to increase the critical potential of theories of multiculturalism, we will show that they must nonetheless incorporate a stronger conception of cultural groups and thus, a slightly different social ontology if we want this alternative to be effective.

Intercultural transdisciplinary research reinforces sustainable social-ecological systems in Latin America. Social learning (SL) is a crucial process within this type of research as it fosters collaboration among diverse groups of people, communities of practice, and cultures. Buen vivir (‘well living’), of the popular movements in America, promotes collective responsibility and respect for life. Yeknemilis (‘a good life’) is a value framework of the Masewal people of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico. Members of Tosepan, an organization of the Masewal and other indigenous peoples of this region, reflected on their cultural roots, ways of life, and relations with the territory to strengthen their alternative and self-determined lifeway. Involvement in participatory research within the transdisciplinary process allowed us to focus on the learnings and conditions that foster values and strategies for yeknemilis. Through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and participatory activities, we identified five key social learning areas that foster conditions for yeknemilis and life-sustaining relationships in intercultural transdisciplinary collaboration (ITC): collective action agenda, community capacities, intercultural transdisciplinarity, creative reflexivity, and a relational ontology horizon. Finally, we show how the collaborative construction of yeknemilis and social learning practices can be crucial in scaling up collective action toward sustainability.

Smith, P., & Parmenter, T. (2023). Measuring the impact of employment on persons with a disability as a means of improving the quality of employment outcomes.Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences,2(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.33700/jhrs.2.1.61

This study was designed to advance our understanding of how feelings of empowerment in people living with dementia still residing at home can be promoted. We conducted qualitative interviews with 12 participants with mild-to-moderate stages of dementia in Germany and Spain as part of a European study on mindful design for dementia. A qualitative thematic content analysis was performed to elicit the key features of the experience reported by the interviewees. Three overarching categories were identified: the first category ‘experiencing changes in personal life and coping with changes in life’ covered losses and coping strategies; the second category ‘retaining a sense of usefulness‘ included social participation and the need for activities with others; the third category ‘feeling empowered’ covered reflections on lifetime achievements, accomplishments in the present life, being in control and self-worth. Participants placed a strong emphasis on continuity and on the importance of making active decisions and meaningful social contributions. Empowerment within the person living with dementia was achieved through their interactions with their social environment, including the significance of communication about their needs and wishes and enabling shared decision-making and interactions with others in reciprocity.

In the face of the reality of myriad abuses that place the Church today in a deep moral and credibility crisis, we are not focused on what John Paul II may have done, by action or omission, in the exercise of the power he carried out in his ecclesiastical functions as a bishop, or even as pope. In this article, we focus only on Wojtyła, as a philosopher. We will examine how his phenomenology—if we can call it that—provides an ethics capable of making an important contribution to understanding that which constitutes abuse of a person, thus helping to define and prevent forms of exploitation and abuse. Taking Wojtyła’s notion of the person seriously will ground preventative practices in an approach which more fully corresponds to human maturation.

Pour qu’un sujet puisse s’auto-orienter, il doit pouvoir disposer d’un instrument d’évaluation directement interprétable et qui soit de valeur métrologique assurée. Ces deux thèses sont illustrées par l’exemple du questionnaire QIPOS. La première partie de l’article présente sa construction et son utilisation souhaitable. La seconde montre la façon dont il faudrait contrôler sa validité et sa fidélité, dans cette situation de décision particulière, où les comparaisons sont à faire entre motivations plutôt qu’entre personnes. Un exemple minimal est présenté, traitant de deux groupes en deux dimensions, pour montrer le principe de l’étude de généralisabilité qui serait à réaliser., To be in a position to decide for himself which course to take, a subject should be offered an evaluation instrument that can be directly interpreted, and with adequate validity and reliability. These two theses are illustrated by the presentation of the QIPOS questionnaire. The first part of the article shows how it was constructed and can now be used. The second illustrates how should be controlled its measuring properties, in this particular decision situation, where no comparisons are to be made between subjects, but only within the individual. A minimal example is presented, dealing with two groups in two dimensions, to show the principle of the generalizability study that should be realized.

The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of personality traits and different types of motivation to explaining individual differences in piano student performance and satisfaction of basic psychological needs in an academic context. The research was conducted in 2017 on a sample of piano students (N = 92) attending four music academies (Music Academy in Zagreb, Arts Academy in Split, Music Academy in Osijek, and Music Academy in Pula), making up about 90% of the whole piano-student population in Croatia. Self-assessment instruments were used to examine five personality traits from the Big Five Model, types of motivation according to the continuum of self-determination, the satisfaction of three psychological needs according to the self-determination theory in the context of music academies, and three categories of performance – piano success in the academic year, piano competition achievements, and public performances. The results showed that personality traits and motivational determinants could not predict piano success at the academy. Still, conscientiousness and emotional stability do play a significant role in public performances and piano competitions. Identified motivation proved to be important for these criteria as well. The relationship between psychological needs, motivation, and personality traits pointed to the significant role of the intellect, agreeableness, and intrinsic motivation, which proved to be important for satisfying the needs for relatedness and autonomy.

Taking advantage of the divergent strategies for instruction at different universities during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study presents a quasi-experiment comparing narrative media use by students at an online-only university (lower social interaction) with those at an in-person university (higher social interaction). To do so, we rely on perspectives from research on parasocial relationships, retrospective imaginative involvement, and self-determination theory. Students with lower social interaction were expected to rely more heavily on narrative media content to satisfy intrinsic needs by engaging in parasocial relationships with media characters and also retrospectively imagining media content. Our results confirmed that parasocial relationships and retrospective imaginative involvement were predictive of need satisfaction through narrative media;however, these patterns were similar among students at both universities—likely due to extreme feelings of isolation in both groups © 2021 American Psychological Association

„Identität“ ist zu einer politischen Kategorie geworden. In identitätspolitischen Konzepten geht es um die Definitionsmacht über Identitäten und ihre Durchsetzung im gesamtgesellschaftlichen bzw. globalen Kontext. Der Beitrag fragt zunächst danach, was Identität im Rahmen identitätspolitischer Konzeptionen eigentlich bedeutet, geht dann auf die damit eng verbundene Problematik der Diversität, der Vielfalt von Identitäten, ein, um schliesslich zu fragen, wie sich die Einheit diverser Identitäten denken liesse und was dies für den Identitätsbegriff der Identitätspolitik selbst bedeutet., „Identity“ has become a political category. Identity-political concepts are about the power of definition over identities and their enforcement in the overall societal or global context. The article first asks what identity actually means in the context of identity-political conceptions, then addresses the closely related problem of diversity, the multiplicity of identities, in order to finally ask how the unity of diverse identities could be thought of and what this means for the concept of identity in identity politics itself.

À semelhança das demais colónias portuguesas, Timor-Leste foi considerado pela ONU em 1960 como um território não autónomo. Até 1974, a ONU procedeu à recolha de informações sobre Timor, sem grandes preocupações devido à ausência de um conflito armado. Somente a partir de meados de 1975 se procurou envolver a organização em tentativas de mediação entre associações timorenses, Portugal e Indonésia, numa conjuntura de degradação da situação no terreno. Timor-Leste passaria a ser definitivamente um problema internacional após a queixa portuguesa no Conselho de Segurança contra a invasão indonésia. Todavia, entre 1976 e 1982, registou-se uma progressiva erosão do apoio à autodeterminação timorense. Neste artigo, demonstra-se como a questão de Timor-Leste expôs os limites da ONU e dos seus mecanismos de resolução de conflitos, face ao contexto internacional e aos interesses dos estados membros. Este artigo faz parte do dossier temático A Autodeterminação de Timor-Leste, organizado por Rui Graça Feijó. Timor was considered by the United Nations in 1960 as a non-self-governing territory. Until 1974, the UN collected information on Timor, without excessive concerns with the territory because of the absence of war. Only after mid-1975, the organization was involved in attempts to mediate between Timorese organizations, Portugal and Indonesia, in a context of degradation of the situation on the territory. Timor-Leste became a problem entrusted to the international community after the Portuguese complaint to the Security Council against the Indonesian invasion. However, between 1976 and 1982, there was a progressive erosion of support for Timorese self-determination. This article discusses how the issue of Timor-Leste has exposed the limits of the UN’s conflict resolution mechanisms, in view of the international context and the interests of its member states. This article is part of the special theme section on The Self-Determination of East Timor, guest-edited by Rui Graça Feijó. Comme les autres colonies portugaises, Timor a été considéré par l’Organisation des Nations Unies en 1960 comme un territoire non-autonome. Jusqu’en 1974, l’ONU recueillait des informations sur Timor, sans grande préoccupation en raison de l’absence de guerre dans le territoire. À partir de 1975 l’ONU a été invitée à participer à la médiation entre les organisations timoraises, le Portugal et l’Indonésie, dans un contexte de dégradation de la situation sur le terrain. Le Timor-Leste devient un problème confié à l’Organisation après la plainte portugaise au Conseil de Sécurité contre l’invasion indonésienne. Toutefois, entre 1976 et 1982, il y aura une érosion progressive de l’appui à l’autodétermination timoraise. Cet article cherche à démontrer comment la question du Timor-Leste a montré les limites de l’ONU et de ses mécanismes de résolution des conflits, compte tenu du context international et des intérêts des États membres. Cet article fait partie du dossier sur L’Autodétermination du Timor oriental, dirigé par Rui Graça Feijó.

An increasing number of firms engage in grassroots innovation, i.e., the voluntary generation and development of innovations by any member of an organization, regardless of function or seniority. However, no empirical study to date identifies the determinants of success or failure of grassroots innovation initiatives. We execute a survey study among 3,728 managers in 14 countries, 2,353 of which (63.1%) had already engaged in grassroots innovation. We find that, on average, firms that adopt grassroots innovation outperform firms that do not. We also find that firms that enable (1) employee autonomy, (2) competence development, and (3) relatedness (i.e., helping employees establish mutually beneficial relationships with trusted colleagues) in their grassroots innovation initiatives outperform firms that do not. We document that such effects are contingent on a firm’s institutional environment (i.e., leadership style and market orientation). For instance, the lower the market orientation and the higher the hierarchical leadership of the firm, the higher the performance returns the firm obtains from fostering autonomy and relatedness in grassroots innovation. These findings encourage managers and firms to adopt (or persist in their) grassroots innovation initiatives, to infuse them with sufficient autonomy, competence, and relatedness and match them with the right leadership style.

Establishing the aims and objectives of a welfare state is an integral part of the political, economic and cultural debate, in particular, the repercussions of a welfare state on economic systems and social institutions; the sociopsychological consequences of a welfare state; and the scope, conditions and definitions of welfare. Some discussions address a theological and religious approach to the issue, specifically the Churches’ teaching on welfare and the Churches’ influence on the birth and development of the welfare state. The Evangelical Church in Germany (Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland [EKD]) has also joined the global discussion. The EKD advocates the welfare institutions; moreover, it stresses the contribution of the Protestant theology and culture to the emergence of the social state in Germany. This article aims to outline the Protestant approach to welfare axiology. Following a brief sketch of the welfare theory, it examines the previous and current Protestant influences on the welfare state and system. It also presents significant attempts to distinguish crucial values and the most serious challenges of the welfare state. The primary sources of the reflection are the recently published documents of the EKD (Denkschrifts), and the source literature. Contribution: The theological proposals of the Evangelical Church in Germany contribute to the axiological and ethical debate on welfare and the social state. The research addresses the focus and scope of the journal of the promotion of multidisciplinary aspects of studies in the general theological area.

This essay aims to analyse the situation of Western Sahara, the last colony in the African territory. A people abandoned in 1975 by the Spanish government, and today, also by the international community. An incomplete decolonisation that has permanently the lives of the Saharawis and of this North African country, which has been under Moroccan occupation for 48 years. Since then, this population has suffered systematic violations of their human rights in general, and their right to self-determination in particular. We will therefore examine the history of this region, placing it in its historical context, the reality of human rights in this territory and the role played by the different international actors, especially Spain, which continues being, in the eyes of international law, the administering power in this region. In conclusion, this work is an analysis of the past and present of this region and its conflict, in order to be able to consider the prospects for its resolution, within the parameters of international law. Este trabajo pretende analizar la situación del Sáhara Occidental, la última colonia del territorio africano. Un pueblo abandonado en 1975 por el régimen español, y hoy, también por la comunidad internacional. Una descolonización incompleta que ha marcado de forma permanente la vida de los saharauis y de este país norte africano, que lleva sometido a la ocupación marroquí desde hace 48 años. Una población que sufre desde entonces una vulneración sistemática de sus derechos humanos en general, y muy particularmente, de su derecho a la autodeterminación. Aquí se desarrollará, por tanto, la historia de esta región, ubicándola en su contexto histórico, la realidad de los derechos humanos en este territorio y el papel que juegan los diferentes actores internacionales en la situación actual, especialmente España, que sigue siendo a ojos del derecho internacional la potencia administradora de esta región. En definitiva, este trabajo es un análisis del pasado y el presente de esta región y su conflicto, para poder plantear las perspectivas de su resolución en el marco del derecho internacional.

Young people are disproportionally impacted by heatwaves, floods, droughts, and other impacts of climate change. They also have unique potential to catalyze the transformative sustainable change that the world needs now. How can this potential be leveraged? In this perspective, we present the sustainability motive-alignment hypothesis to understand and harness young peoples’, especially adolescents’, potential for sustainable engagement. The hypothesis posits that adolescents will be internally motivated to engage in sustainable behavior when they construe such behavior as a means of pursuing their personal motives for autonomy and status. The hypothesis also suggests that sustainability-promoting policies (educational programs, campaigns) can be improved by using techniques that reshape how adolescents construe sustainability—from a low-priority chore to an activity that embodies a personal priority. We discuss research priorities to expand and evaluate the sustainability motive-alignment hypothesis and to help better understand the psychological forces underlying adolescents’ sustainable engagement.

While the notion of digital sovereignty is loaded with a multitude of meanings referring to various actors, values and contexts, this paper is interested in how to actualize individual digital sovereignty. We do so by introducing the concept of agency affordances, which we see as a precondition for achieving digital sovereignty. We understand this notion as the ability to exercise power to, as autonomy and agency for (digital) self-sovereignty, and as power over the infrastructural sovereignty of the privately owned automated decision-making systems (ADM) systems of digital media platforms. Building our characterization of digital sovereignty on an empirical inquiry into individuals' requirements for agency, our analysis shows that digital sovereignty consists of two distinct but interrelated elements - data sovereignty and algorithmic sovereignty. Enabling practicable digital sovereignty through agency affordances, however, will require going beyond the just technical and extending towards the wider societal (infra)structures. We outline some initial steps on how to achieve that.

Background: COVID-19 restrictions in Ireland varied in levels of severity throughout 2020 and 2021. The aim of the present study was to explore the experiences of professional and family carers in supporting people with intellectual disabilities to make their own decisions during these restrictions. Methods: Participants recruited between July and December 2021 via social media, disability services, and academic experts completed a qualitative online survey. Results were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Data from 16 participants (eight professional carers, eight family carers) were included. Three main themes were identified: 1. centring the person, 2. adapting to COVID, and 3. restricted lives. Anxiety, confusion, and boredom among adults with intellectual disabilities during restrictions were reported by both professional and familial carers. Professional carers reported some positive outcomes, including greater chances for independence among service users and new activities becoming available via online resources. Family carers reported more negative outcomes, including isolation from disability services. Conclusions: People with intellectual disabilities had their choices markedly curtailed during the restrictions. Future studies should focus on improving the ability of services to reach users who may not have the ability to attend services in person.

Environmental attitudes are supportive for learning about the environment and for pro-environmental engagement. The question, then, is how to strengthen and establish environmental attitudes. Based on a sample of 429 middle and high school students, we investigated the effect of self-determination-based motivation on environmental attitude. While high levels of self-determination (i.e., intrinsic motivation) positively affected pro-environmental attitude (β = 0.40), low levels of self-determination (i.e., external regulation) negatively affected attitude (β = –0.31). Our data further pointed to a distinct trajectory of self-determination and inclusion of nature throughout adolescence (high scores for 12-year-olds that decline to a minimum around 15–16-years old); a trend that has already been shown for environmental attitude. Such a dip might help derive teaching recommendations in environmental education, e.g., by supporting high scores in time to attenuate a decline. Further teaching recommendations include strengthening students’ self-determination through their basic needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness).

As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, most courses at a large technical university were adapted so that students had a free choice of whether to attend lectures on-site or online; in addition, in many courses, lecture recordings were available. At the subsequent exam session, over 17,000 student-survey responses were collected regarding attendance choices, learning behavior, interest in the course, perception of the exam, and recommendations to future students. A total of 27 learner attributes and their relationships were investigated. In addition, conditional attributes and free-response statements were analyzed, and the students’ exam grades were retrieved to gauge their performance. We found only minute differences with respect to exam performance, but the analysis indicates distinctly different preferences and constraints in taking advantage of learning opportunities. We also found some indications that performance differences might be larger for interactive-engagement courses. The results of the analysis may be key to answering why at many universities, faculty report that live-lecture attendance has decreased more strongly than expected with the availability of new, virtual attendance modes., International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20 (1)

Sharenting is a compound word derived from the words ‘parent’ and ‘sharing’ and, is defined as ‘the online posting of a child’s images and private details by parents with or without the child’s consent’.1 Parents share stories and images which may include that of their unborn child’s first ultrasound scan. Parents who share their children’s images may do so with the view that their children are extensions of themselves.2 While some parents may have privacy concerns, many of those sharing their children's photographs are struggling to understand the complexities of laws, rights, and the technology issues that relate to social media sites. This increased social media engagement can potentially expose children who are the subject of sharenting to identity compromise and theft, privacy erosion, autonomy denial, datafication, dataveillance and the right to self-determine and craft their own identity narrative. The General Data Protection Regulation, 2016 (GDPR) focuses specifically on the safe supervision of adolescents’ online engagement and protection against unauthorised processing of their data by business enterprises.3 The GDPR places the responsibility for consent to the processing of the data of children under the age of 16 years (in Ireland) into the hands of their parents. It fails, however, to address the online safety and privacy of minor children who are the subject of sharenting. Recital 18 of the GDPR exempts the online sharing of household and personal activities from its constraints and protective measures with regard to the processing of minors’ personal data. Minor children, in contrast, are presumed to have their safety and privacy vested solely in the safe hands of their parents. This means that the safeguarding of the private data of minor children who are the subjects of sharenting is at the discretion of parents without any external oversight. This unfettered discretion may be a matter of concern in cases where parents do not engage with security measures when sharing online. In recognition of the prevalence and potential ramifications associated with sharenting, this study examines the practice of sharenting with a view to exploring the belief that “There should be recognition and protection of the privacy of children’s identity and freedom for them to narrate their own online identity.” This investigation addresses questions regarding parents’ understanding of the concept of privacy, engagement with social media privacy measures, the relevance of consent, and views as to where the responsibility for the safeguarding of the privacy of their child’s identity lay. It also looks at how sharenting has impacted the online engagement of young adults, how they view privacy and consent and how they regard the right of the child to a blank digital canvas. In an attempt to answer such questions, empirical research was undertaken to gather information on the prevalence, nature and frequency of sharenting and awareness of the potential ramifications of sharenting. This investigation looks at the best interests of minors, the evolving capacities of the child and the capabilities approach as a theoretical framework, in addition to the level of parental compliance with consent. Young adults’s views are included because having been subjected to sharenting, their input is significant. Furthermore, their participation embraces the spirit of Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which upholds the right of the child to have their voice heard (younger children were unavailable due to covid-19 health and safety restrictions). Data gathered from this body of research revealed that parents believe that the privacy of minors’ identity is a horizon issue which assumes importance only when children reach their teenage years. There is little or no engagement with consent, even when children are capable of consent. While parents recognise that there are dangers associated with sharenting, the level of knowledge regarding the potential ramifications of sharenting is limited. Their concern with regard to the ramifications of sharenting does not always translate into active engagement with privacy measures. Young adults acknowledge and accept the failure of their parents to engage with consent and privacy measures. They tolerate parents’ low-level engagement with privacy measures, although they fear the possible ramifications of sharenting. Despite their tolerance with their parents’ failure to safeguard their privacy as minors, young adults firmly believe that children should be entitled to the right to craft their own online narrative. Young adults are resolute in their conviction never to share the private information of their children, in the event of themselves becoming parents. In light of the evidence uncovered during this investigation, it is established that there is a need to pinpoint a proactive trajectory towards the adoption of measures that will safeguard the privacy of children’s identity and the need for self-determination of minor children whose images are being shared on the worldwide web by their parents. This body of research is welcomed by parents and minors as it raises awareness, opens a discussion and provides evidence-based guidance on how best to promote the adoption of proactive measures that embrace the rights of both parties by establishing a demarcation line between the parents’ right to freedom of expression and the right of the child to the privacy of their identity and self-determination. The evidence extrapolated from the collected data provides an evidential base upon which to build future policy and protection measures designed to safeguard the privacy of the identity and self-determination of minor children. It is not, however, the intention that these findings should curtail the freedom and rights of parents or the holders of parental authority. It is however designed to encourage all parties to take ownership and to buy into the concept of proactive safe digital engagement and recognition of the right of a child to protection of the privacy of their identity and self determination. In full recognition of the continuing positive role of online engagement in everyday life, this thesis aims to address the need for securing the privacy and protecting the identity of children who are the subject of sharenting. The contention of this thesis is that sharenting and the protection of the privacy of one’s identity need not be mutually exclusive. 2025-03-07

The international community increasingly promotes referendums as it intervenes in self-determination conflicts around the world. However, the ability of self-determination referendums to bring about peace remains uncertain. This paper develops the argument that the conflict resolution potential of self-determination referendums is conditional, depending on whether or not they are held under the mutual agreement of the relevant minority and majority groups. When mutually agreed, self-determination referendums are likely to generate shared perceptions of fair decision-making and thereby increase chances for peace. By contrast, unilateral self-determination referendums are likely to increase ethnic grievances and, therefore, the risk of separatist violence. I find support for this argument in a global statistical analysis, short case studies, and a survey experiment. Overall, this study suggests that self-determination referendums can make a positive contribution to peace, but only if the conditions for a partial compromise on a referendum, including its terms, are ripe.

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la relación de variables motivacionales, emocionales y la carga de entrenamiento en baloncesto teniendo en cuenta el género y la categoría de formación. Participaron 61 jóvenes entre los 13 y 16 años de edad (M= 14,23) de un club de baloncesto del sur oeste de España. Por medio de dispositivos inerciales se midió la carga interna y externa de cada deportista durante los entrenamientos. Se empleó una escala de bienestar para variables como el estrés, la fatiga, el dolor muscular, y cuestionarios de auto-informe para el esfuerzo percibido, la motivación, la inteligencia emocional y la percepción de rendimiento. Los resultados evidenciaron que la categoría U14 y en general las chicas, manifestaron más intensidad, mayor percepción de esfuerzo y de rendimiento, así como índices más altos de inteligencia emocional. La categoría U16 y los chicos, reflejaron mayor fatiga, nivel de estrés y dolor muscular, y menores dígitos de inteligencia emocional y motivación autodeterminada. A modo de conclusión, las variables de motivación más autodeterminada y de inteligencia emocional, están directamente relacionadas con la intensidad en los entrenamientos, la percepción de rendimiento y los factores de bienestar como la fatiga, el estrés y el dolor muscular en deportistas en edades escolares., The objective of this study was to describe the relationship of motivational and emotional variables and the training load in basketball at school age according to gender and training category. 61 young people between 13 and 16 years of age (M = 14.23) from a basketball club in southern Spain participated. By technological devices, the internal and external load of each athlete was measured during training, in addition, a well-being scale was used for variables such as stress, fatigue, muscle pain, and self-report questionnaires for perceived effort, motivation, emotional intelligence and perception of performance. The results showed that the under 14 category and, in general, women, showed more intensity, greater perception of effort and performance, as well as higher rates of emotional intelligence. The under 16 category and men, reflected higher fatigue, stress level and muscle pain, and lower digits of emotional intelligence and self-determined motivation. In conclusion, the most self-determined motivation and emotional intelligence variables are directly related to intensity in training, perception of performance and well-being factors such as fatigue, stress and muscle pain in athletes at school age., O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a relação entre variáveis motivacionais e emocionais e a carga de treinamento no basquete em idade escolar, de acordo com o sexo e a categoria de treinamento. Participaram 61 jovens entre 13 e 16 anos (M = 14,23) de um clube de basquete do sul da Espanha. Por meio de dispositivos tecnológicos, a carga interna e externa de cada atleta foi mensurada durante o treinamento; além disso, foi utilizada uma escala de bem-estar para variáveis como estresse, fadiga, dor muscular e questionários de autorrelato para o esforço percebido, motivação, inteligência emocional e percepção de desempenho. Os resultados mostraram que a categoria U14 e, em geral, mulheres, apresentaram mais intensidade, maior percepção de esforço e desempenho, além de maiores índices de inteligência emocional. A categoria U16 e os homens em geral refletiram maior fadiga, nível de estresse e dor muscular, e dígitos mais baixos de inteligência emocional e motivação autodeterminada. Como conclusão, as variáveis mais determinantes de motivação e inteligência emocional estão diretamente relacionadas à intensidade do treinamento, percepção de desempenho e fatores de bem-estar, como fadiga, estresse e dores musculares em atletas em idade escolar.

本学の教育においてICTを効果的かつ適切に活用することを目的として，新教材“Asobiぽけっと”を開発した。本教材を利用した授業実践では，学生らの主体的な探求と考察，課題発見や課題解決につながる姿が見られた。その教育効果についてWebによるアンケート調査を実施し，検証することで授業改善における効果と潜在的な課題を明確化することを目的とする。 分析の結果，主体的な学びに関する項目では全学生から肯定的な回答を得た。グループワークに関する項目でも，協調性・知識発見・情報共有・構成力等で高い評価であった。また，他チームのプレゼンを視聴することによって情報量が増加し，知識獲得に繋がる結果も示唆された。このことから，新教材とそれを使った授業デザインは，内発的動機づけと質の高い学習成果の獲得において，こちらが期待する効果が認められた。加えて，自由記述から次年度改善すべき点が明らかとなり，具体的な対策案も見えてきたので，報告する。

Spurred by a working conference convened in the fall of 2009 by the Center to Study Recovery in Social Contexts and INTAR (the International Network Towards Alternatives and Recovery), this paper first develops a serviceable version of Sen’s capabilities approach for use in public mental health and then explores how its conceptual toolkit might aid us in rethinking about we approach “first breaks” and early crises. This will be exploratory labor.2 Provisional efforts have been made to use the capabilities approach to rethink recovery and social integration as outcomes, to support self-determination, and to make a case for peer participation in research. This paper shifts the focus from the remedial work of treatment and social re-entry to the preventive work of crisis management and biographical continuity. After sorting through Sen’s approach for grounding principles and heuristic guides – which is here compiled into a sort of primer or toolkit, distilled into 8 key ideas and an anthropological coda on adolescent trial/error – I go on to identify three alternative ways that a capabilities approach might usefully reframe disability and impairment. That done, I make the case for applying the third (or radical) version to the social reception of early crises and try to envision what that might look like in practice., Stimulé par une conférence de travail tenue à l’automne 2009 par Center to Study Recovery in Social Contexts and INTAR (the International Network Towards Alternatives and Recovery), cet article développe d’abord une version adaptée de l’approche des capabilités développée par Sen pour l’utilisation en santé publique, plus particulièrement dans le champ de la santé mentale, et explore ensuite comment ces outils conceptuels peuvent nous aider en repensant l’approche de « premières ruptures » et des crises précoces. Ce travail sera exploratoire. Des efforts ont déjà été faits pour employer l’approche des capabilités afin de repenser le rétablissement et l’intégration sociale en tant que résultats, pour soutenir l’autodétermination, et comme argument venant appuyer la participation des pairs à la recherche. Ce document déplace la question de celle de la réadaptation et de la réintégration sociale vers celle du travail préventif de la gestion des crises et de la continuité biographique. Après avoir abordé l’approche de Sen pour fonder des principes et des guides heuristiques - qui sont compilés ici dans une sorte d’esquisse ou de trousse à outils, divisés en huit idées principales et un coda anthropologique sur l’essai/erreur adolescent – l’article poursuit en identifiant trois manières alternatives par lesquelles une approche fondée sur les capabilités peut être utile dans la reformulation du handicap et des incapacités. Cela fait, l’article présente un argument en faveur de l’application de la troisième (ou radicale) version à la réception sociale des crises précoces et tente d’envisager ce à quoi cela pourrait ressembler dans la pratique.

For nearly 20 years, the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has fostered social inclusion for Americans with mental and/or substance use disorders. SAMHSA has done this by promoting the recovery paradigm, an approach predicated on a positive, strength-based, and person-centered view of those with behavioral health conditions. SAMHSA has provided leadership by promoting policies, programs, practices, and public awareness initiatives that advance recovery, recovery support services, and recovery-oriented service delivery systems. SAMHSA’s approach has been participatory, engaging a variety of stakeholders, and comprehensive, focusing on multiple strategies in targeted priority areas., Depuis presque 20 ans, the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) a favorisé l’inclusion sociale des États-uniens ayant des troubles de santé mentale ou de consommation de substances. SAMHSA a fait la promotion du paradigme du rétablissement, une approche positive et centrée sur la personne ayant des troubles de comportement et prenant en considération ses forces. SAMHSA s’est avéré un leader en la matière, fournissant des politiques, des programmes, des pratiques et des initiatives de sensibilisation du public facilitant le rétablissement, les services de soutien au rétablissement, et les systèmes de prestation de service liés au rétablissement. L’approche de SAMHSA est participative, engageant une série d’acteurs, et globale, se concentrant sur des stratégies multiples dans des domaines prioritaires.

Cet article propose une réflexion autour de l’autodétermination des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle. Entre enthousiasme et scepticisme, évidences et hésitations, nous allons tenter de proposer un exposé éclairé et instructif sur les capacités d’autodétermination des personnes avec des incapacités psychiques. L’intérêt de cette réflexion est d’amener les professionnels du handicap, mais aussi les proches, à s’interroger sur la prise en charge des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle. En effet, l’autodétermination est une clé importante dans l’accompagnement et le bienêtre des personnes handicapées. Mais ce concept peut sembler complexe, obscur et difficile d’accès. Aussi, nous aspirons, avec cet écrit, à rendre l’autodétermination plus accessible, mais aussi à diffuser et promouvoir ce pilier de la prise en charge psycho-sociale., This paper proposes a reflection on persons with intellectual disabilities self-determination capabilities. It aims to bring professionals and significant others alike to think about disability management best practices and the way they interact with them. Self-determination is key to the support and wellbeing of people with intellectual disabilities. However, many find this concept difficult to understand and implement. This article has the objective to make the self-determination concept more accessible to the public and disseminate its principles to the concerned stakeholders.

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) stellt zentrale Ergebnisse zweier empirischer Studien zur Selbstbestimmung von Arbeit bzw. Arbeitszeit – im Sinne eines arbeits(zeit)souveränen Handelns – vor, die im Auftrag der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Projektmanagement e. V. in den Jahren 2015 und 2020 durchgeführt wurden.Hintergrund des Beitrages ist der Umstand, dass die fortlaufende digitale Transformation auch die Wissens- und somit die Projektarbeit zunehmend dynamisiert. Arbeitssouveränes Handeln gewinnt dadurch an Bedeutung und stellt neue Anforderungen an die in den Projekten tätigen Wissensarbeiter:innen. Die in diesem Beitrag dargestellten Studienergebnisse beleuchten wesentliche Inhalte zur aktuellen Ausgestaltung der Arbeits(zeit)souveränität, um auf dieser Basis Handlungsempfehlungen für ein motivierendes Arbeitshandeln zu geben. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass arbeitssouveränes Handeln unter Mitarbeiter:innen in wissensintensiven Projekten weit verbreitet ist. Gemessen an potenziellen Charakteristika arbeitssouveräner Tätigkeiten (Selbstbestimmtheit, Hierarchiearmut, Zeit- und Ortsunabhängigkeit) arbeiten viele Mitarbeiter:innen „weitgehend“ oder „vollkommen“ arbeitssouverän. In der Selbsteinschätzung ist es ein noch größerer Teil, der die Arbeitstätigkeit als „arbeitssouverän“ einstuft. Diese Tendenz zeichnete sich bereits in der ersten Studie (2015) ab und wird in der aktuellen Untersuchung (2020) bestätigt. Dabei hat die Pandemie-Situation den Grad der Arbeitssouveränität beeinflusst: Die Mitarbeiter:innen arbeiten aktuell orts- und zeitunabhängiger sowie selbstbestimmter als vor der Pandemie. Strukturelle Veränderungen auf Organisationsseite, wie eine Verringerung oder Verflachung von Hierarchien, sind mit diesen Änderungen nicht verbunden.Auf Ebene der Mitarbeiter:innen wird deutlich, dass soziale Eingebundenheit sowie das Erleben von Kompetenz und Autonomie zentrale Grundbedürfnisse selbstbestimmten Handelns sind, die die Motivation der Mitarbeiter:innen signifikant positiv beeinflussen und in Zusammenhang mit der selbstempfundenen Arbeitssouveränität stehen. Somit bestehen potenzielle Stellschrauben für Organisationen, mit Maßnahmen auf der Strukturebene signifikanten Einfluss auf die Handlungsebene und somit die Motivation der Mitarbeiter:innen zu nehmen.Souveräner Umgang mit der eigenen Arbeit und Arbeitszeit wird als sinnstiftend sowie als Anerkennung und Ausdruck von Vertrauen gewertet. In der Folge wächst die individuelle Verantwortung der Mitarbeiter:innen, was zugleich größere Handlungsspielräume verspricht. Der Strukturwandel wird von Mitarbeiter:innen insgesamt tendenziell als positiv angesehen (2015 & 2020).

This article explores a different perspective on the right to dignity of the surrogate mother in commercial surrogacy arrangements under international human rights norms and philosophical principles. Here, I examine the concept of human dignity under the lenses of contemporary legal theory reflecting on the right to self-determination of the surrogate mother. This dignity-based approach serves for analysing how International Human Rights Law enables women to enter commercial surrogacy agreements on the basis of their contractual freedom, their reproductive rights, on the prohibition of non-discrimination and their labour rights. Under the lenses of economics and law, I examine how this practice carries the potential to empower the economic emancipation of women and their access to the labour market. Dignity as rights-constraining will reflect on the other side of surrogacy. I investigate the exploitative character of this practice and how it could present human rights abuses for the surrogate mother. Specifically, I focus my analysis on how surrogacy contracts could violate the bodily autonomy of the surrogate and potentially maintain gender inequality and reinforce gender stereotypes. After recognizing certain concerning aspects of individual surrogacy arrangements, I question whether outlawing surrogacy is the right response to this practice., University of Bologna Law Review, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021)

Although research shows that videogames have a positive impact on the majority of players, concerns remain about the situations in which videogame play becomes disordered and harmful. Drawing on self-determination theory and the dualistic model of passion and based on previous research in non-videogame domains, we sought to explore the extent to which need satisfaction outside of videogames (in general life) as well as need satisfaction from videogames predicted passion orientation. We also aimed to explore the extent to which passion for videogames predicted well-being outcomes. We undertook structural equation modeling with survey data from a sample of 170 participants. We found need satisfaction from videogames predicted both obsessive and harmonious passion, but importantly, that obsessive passion for videogames was predicted by low need satisfaction in general life. In turn, qualified support was found for obsessive passion predicting psychological distress and addiction. Overall, our findings highlight that when problematic gaming occurs it may be useful to focus outside of videogames as the cause of the problem.

Background: The fulfilment of basic psychological needs (BPNs) is seen as an integral part of human self-determination, subjective wellbeing, and overall quality of life. However, the meaning of these psychological constructs for individuals with the most extensive support needs remains elusive.Methods: Primary relatives of nine people diagnosed with severe or profound intellectual and multiple disabilities were interviewed about their perceptions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness regarding their family member with complex care needs, and about the ways in which they tried to support their family member in fulfilling specific BPNs. The interview analysis followed a grounded theory with the sensitizing concepts approach.Results: The relatives assigned important meaning to the BPNs, providing insights into their subtle nature, their implicit drivers, and how they were experienced. The relatives also identified serious challenges in detecting, clarifying, and creating opportunities for BPNs. Conclusions: The themes in the relatives’ perspectives can be summarized into a conceptual framework that may contribute to better mutual understanding between people with complex care needs, their relatives, and healthcare providers.

The main aim of this study was to investigate the construct validity of a new MUltidimensional MOtivational Climate questionnaire in Physical Education (PE) at the Situational level of generality (MUMOC-PES), capturing four dimensions of empowering (autonomy support, task-involvement, relatedness support, structure) and three dimensions of disempowering (controlling, relatedness thwarting, ego-involvement) climate. Nine hundred and fifty-six adolescent students completed the new measure alongside measures of mastery and performance approach/avoidance climate and satisfaction. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the construct validity of the MUMOC-PES. Student satisfaction in PE corresponded positively to empowering and negatively to disempowering climate dimensions. Controlling for age, gender and within-class individual differences in perceived empowering and disempowering dimensions, class average scores on perceived empowering climate had significant effects on student satisfaction, implying predictive validity for the MUMOC-PES. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) suggested that perceived autonomy support and relatedness thwarting had direct positive and negative effects on satisfaction respectively. Moreover, effects of perceived structure and thwarting relationships on satisfaction were mediated through a mastery climate construct capturing the linkage between perception and mastery goal. The results are discussed in relation to existing measures and literature on motivational climate and the future use of MUMOC-PES in research and PE teachers’ training.