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BackgroundWhile clinical guidelines recommend that residual kidney function (RKF) is measured in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, 24-h urine collection is cumbersome and prone to errors. We wished to determine whether an equation using serum β2-microglobulin (β2M) could prove of clinical benefit in estimating RKF and identifying patients who could start PD with incremental prescriptions.MethodsWe measured serum β2M in consecutive PD outpatients recently starting dialysis with continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) or automated PD (APD), attending a single tertiary hospital for their routine clinical visit. RKF was defined as the mean of 24-h urine clearances of creatinine and urea. An equation estimating RKF (eRKF) was generated based on serum β2M levels on a randomly selected modelling group.ResultsWe included 511 patients, of whom 351 in the modelling group and 150 in the validation group. Mean age was 58.7 ± 15.8, 307 (60.0%) were men and median RKF value was 4.5 (2.4–6.5) mL/min/1.73 m2. In the validation group, an equation based on β2M, creatinine, urea, age and gender showed minimal bias of − 0.1 mL/min/1.73 m2to estimate RKF. Area under the receiving operator characteristic curve was 0.915 to detect RKF ≥ 2 mL/min/1.73 m2.ConclusionAn equation based on serum β2M concentration would not be able to replace 24-h urine collection as the standard of care when an exact measurement of RKF is required. However, it could prove useful in identifying patients suitable for an incremental PD prescription and for monitoring RKF in individuals unable to reliably collect urine.Graphic abstract

Background Due to the lack of effective and feasible viral biomarkers to distinguish viral infection from bacterial infection, children often receive unnecessary antibiotic treatment. To identify serum β2-microglobulin that distinguishes bacterial upper respiratory tract infection from viral upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum in children. Methods This retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020 in Yancheng Third People’s Hospital. Children with upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum were recruited. The concentration of serum β2-microglobulin in the viral and bacterial infection groups were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 291 children included 36 with bacterial upper respiratory tract infection (median age, 13 months; 44.4% female), 197 with viral upper respiratory tract infection (median age, 12 months; 43.7% female) and 58 with exanthem subitum (median age, 13 months; 37.9% female). When the concentration of β2-microglobulin was 2.4mg/L, the sensitivity to distinguish viral from bacterial upper respiratory tract infection was 81.2% (95% CI [75.1–86.4%]), and the specificity was 80.6% (95% CI [64.0–91.8]%). When the cutoff was 2.91 mg/L, the sensitivity of β2-microglobulin to distinguish exanthem subitum from bacterial upper respiratory tract infection was 94.8% (95% CI [85.6–98.9]%), and the specificity was 100% (95% CI [90.3–100]%). Conclusions Serum β2-microglobulin may be a significant biological indicator in children with upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum.

Background Due to the lack of effective and feasible viral biomarkers to distinguish viral infection from bacterial infection, children often receive unnecessary antibiotic treatment. To identify serum β2-microglobulin that distinguishes bacterial upper respiratory tract infection from viral upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum in children. Methods This retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020 in Yancheng Third People’s Hospital. Children with upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum were recruited. The concentration of serum β2-microglobulin in the viral and bacterial infection groups were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 291 children included 36 with bacterial upper respiratory tract infection (median age, 13 months; 44.4% female), 197 with viral upper respiratory tract infection (median age, 12 months; 43.7% female) and 58 with exanthem subitum (median age, 13 months; 37.9% female). When the concentration of β2-microglobulin was 2.4mg/L, the sensitivity to distinguish viral from bacterial upper respiratory tract infection was 81.2% (95% CI [75.1–86.4%]), and the specificity was 80.6% (95% CI [64.0–91.8]%). When the cutoff was 2.91 mg/L, the sensitivity of β2-microglobulin to distinguish exanthem subitum from bacterial upper respiratory tract infection was 94.8% (95% CI [85.6–98.9]%), and the specificity was 100% (95% CI [90.3–100]%). Conclusions Serum β2-microglobulin may be a significant biological indicator in children with upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum.

Background Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the leading cause of death in children under 5 years old around the world between 1980 and 2016. Distinguishing between viral and bacterial infection is challenging when children suffered from LRTI in the absence of pathogen detection. The aim of our study is to analyze the difference of serum β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) between viral LRTI and bacterial LRTI in children. Methods This retrospective study included children with LRTI caused by a single pathogen from Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Yancheng, China, between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. Participants were divided into the younger group (1 year old ≤ age < 3 years old) and the older group (3 years old ≤ age < 5 years old) for subgroup analysis. Results A total of 475 children with LRTI caused by common respiratory pathogens were identified. In the younger group as well as the older group, the serum level of β2-MG in respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus groups were significantly increased compared to that in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae group. Compared with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection group, the serum β2-MG level of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus groups were significantly higher in children between 1 and 3 years old. Conclusions The serum β2-MG may distinguish viral infection from bacterial infection in children with LRTI.

β2-Microglobulin is the major prognostic factor in multiple myeloma, a known comorbidity of Gaucher disease. We evaluated herein serum β2-microglobulin levels of 31 type 1 Gaucher patients; for 8/31 patients, pre- and post-treatment comparisons were made. Thirteen patients (on treatment = 6) had high levels of β2-microglobulin, and showed higher chitotriosidase activity and Severity Score Index, and lower concentration of platelets, than patients with normal levels. Levels of β2-microglobulin correlated with chitotriosidase activity (ρ = 0.65; p

β2-Microglobulin is the major prognostic factor in multiple myeloma, a known comorbidity of Gaucher disease. We evaluated herein serum β2-microglobulin levels of 31 type 1 Gaucher patients; for 8/31 patients, pre- and post-treatment comparisons were made. Thirteen patients (on treatment = 6) had high levels of β2-microglobulin, and showed higher chitotriosidase activity and Severity Score Index, and lower concentration of platelets, than patients with normal levels. Levels of β2-microglobulin correlated with chitotriosidase activity (ρ = 0.65; p