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Background Traumatic coagulopathy (TC) arises primarily from coagulation system failure to maintain adequate hemostasis after serious blood loss or trauma. Circulatory homeostasis restoration is the mainstay of the therapeutic approach to TC, but the effects are significantly inhibited by coagulopathy. Objective To identify the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism of compound amino acid (CAA) combined with high-dosage of vitamin B6 (VB6) on TC. Methods Rabbit traumatic model and cellular model were used to evaluate the effect of CAA combined with high-dosage of VB6 in TC. Blood concentrations of AST and ALT were measured using the Vitros 250 device while blood APTT, PT and TT concentrations were measured using commercial diagnostics kits. Furthermore, qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of clotting factor (II, VII, IX, X and XI), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling-related proteins, respectively. Results In the rabbit traumatic model, CAA combined with high-dosage of VB6 therapy inhibited the high expression of AST and ALT, but increased the expression of coagulation factors. Additionally, in both the rabbit trauma model and cellular injury model, CAA combined with high-dosage of VB6 inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) and proteins (HMGB1, TLR4 and p-p65) in HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Most importantly, over-expression of HMGB1 reversed the effect of CAA and VB6 in HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells injury model. Conclusion CAA combined with high-dosage of VB6 alleviated TC and inhibited the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

AIM: To investigate the implanting method of rabbit liver VX-2 tumor and its MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) characteristics. METHODS: Thirty-five New Zealand rabbits were included in the study. VX-2 tumor was implanted subcutaneously in 14 rabbits and intrahepatically in 6 for pre-experiments. VX-2 tumor was implanted intrahepatically in 12 rabbits for experiment and three were used as the control group. DWI, T1- and T2-weighted of MRI were performed periodically in 15 rabbits for experiment before and after implantation. The distinction of VX-2 tumors on DWI was assessed by their apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. The statistical significance was calculated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the randomized block design using SPSS10.0 software. RESULTS: The successful rate of subcutaneous implantation of VX-2 tumor was 29% (4/14) while that of intrahepatic implantation of it was 33% (2/6) in the preexperiment. The successful rate of intrahepatic implantation of VX-2 tumor in the experiment was 83% (10/12) and 15 tumors grew in 10 successfully implanted rabbits. The DWI signal of VX-2 tumor was high and became lower when the b value increased step by step. The signal of VX-2 tumor on the map of ADC was low. When the b value was 100 or 300 s/mm2, the ADC value of normal group and VX-2 tumor group was respectively 2.57±0.26, 1.73±0.31, 1.87±0.25 and 1.57±0.23 mm2/s. Their distinction was significant (F = 43.26, P

Let (W,S) be a Coxeter system and H the associated Hecke algebra with unequal parameters. The Laurent polynomials My,ws and py,w for y,w∈W and s∈S play an important role in the representations of H. We study the properties of My,ws and py,w, the relations among them, as well as with the left, right and two-sided cells of W.

For any Coxeter group W, D. Kazhdan and G. Lusztig (1979, Invent. Math.53, 165–184) introduced some joint relations among the elements of W by which certain representations of W and its associated Hecke algebra H are constructed. Recently, in a letter to Lusztig, T. A. Springer obtained some interesting results concerning the connection between some non-zero structural coefficients of H and the joint relations in W when W is a certain crystallographic group. He investigated some properties of a subset D 1 of W (Springer denoted D 1 by F in his letter) which plays an important role for the joint relations in W. In the present paper, we shall develop some results of Springer. We shall deduce further joint relations in W from some non-zero structural coefficients of H . In particular, we shall make some detailed discussion for the set D 1. This includes the approach to the proof of a conjecture of Lusztig concerning the characterization of the set D 1, the connection between the finiteness of D 1 and some joint relations in W, the explicit description for some elements of D 1, and the connectedness of the set D 0(Ω) ∪ D (2)1(Ω) (see 3.2 and 5.2 for the notations).

In [1], Kazhdan and Lusztig introduce the concept of a W-graph for a Coxeter group W. In particular, they define left, right and two-sided cells. These W-graphs play an important role in the representation theory. However, the algorithm given by Kazhdan and Lusztig to compute these cells is enormously complicated. These cells have been worked out only in a very few cases. In the present thesis, we shall find all the left, right and two-sided cells in the affine Weyl group A n of type A n - 1 > 2. Our main results show that each left (resp. right) cell of A n determines a partition, say λ of n and, is characterized by a λ-tabloid and also by its generalized right (resp. left ) T-invariant. There exists a one-to-one correspondence between the set of two-sided cells of A n and the set A n of partitions of n. The number of left (resp. right) cells corresponding to a given partition λ ϵ A n is equal to n l / m п j = 1 u j l , where {u 1 > … > um} is the dual partition of λ. Each two- sided cell in A n is also an RL-equivalence class of A n and is a connected set. Each left (resp. right) cell in A n is a maximal left (resp. right) connected component in the two-sided cell of A n containing it. Let P be any proper standard parabolic subgroup of A n isomorphic to the symmetric group S n - then the intersection of P with each two-sided cell of A n is non-empty and is just a two-sided cell of P. The intersection of P with each left (rasp, right) cell of A n is either empty or a left (resp. right) cell of A n. Most of these results were conjectured by Lusstig [2], [3].