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Background: Peritoneal loose body (PLB) which is also called "peritoneal mouse" is a rare disease, with only a few cases reported. PLB is mostly found due to unplanned examination, surgery, or autopsy. With the increase in abdominal imaging examinations, it was gradually recognized by us. The diagnosis of PLB has three major characteristics: free movement, no blood supply, and pathological exclusion of other tumors. Case Presentation: We reported a 66-year-old male patient with an asymptomatic freely moving peritoneal loose body. The size of the lesion was about 4*4cm. The imaging data were complete including Ultrasound, Magnetic resonance (MR), Computed tomography (CT) plain scan and enhancement. Interestingly, changes in the location of the lesion were found on follow-up CT. The lesion showed concentric circles changes on CT without obvious enhancement. MR also appeared as a multi-layer signal of concentric circles. In addition, the imaging manifestations were compared with histological pathology in this article to explain imaging characteristics. Conclusion: PLB is an uncommon disease. Through the complete imaging examination of this case, we can further understand the mobility of the lesion by changing the position. The CT and MR have characteristic concentric circle changes without obvious enhancement. The diagnosis could be confirmed before surgery, which prompted the clinical early diagnosis of the disease, and an appropriate choice between surgery and conservative treatment.

Knee joint is one of the most important joints to participate in human daily activities and various sports. However, at present, knee joint injuries are still common for both athletes and ordinary people. Wrong exercise style and bad living habits will cause knee joint injury. Weak rehabilitation concept after knee joint injury also leads to poor prognosis in most cases of knee joint injury. Based on the above background, this paper will analyze and sort out the causes of knee joint injury, and explore the rehabilitation methods after injury, so as to provide ideas for future research on knee joint protection and rehabilitation after injury.

The most prevalent form of primary osseous malignant tumor in adolescents and children is osteosarcoma (OS). A combination of surgery and neoadjuvant/post-surgery chemotherapy is currently the standard therapy. While the chemoresistance associated with OS generally leads to poor efficacy of therapeutic agents, the relevant molecular interaction is still elusive. Here, the lncRNA (long non-coding RNA) SNHG14 was found to be significantly upregulated in the nutlin3a-resistant OS cell line NR-SJSA1 and contributes to treatment resistance by suppressing ferroptosis. In NR-SJSA1 cells, knockdown of LncRNA SNHG14 resulted in a reversal of drug resistance and activation of ferroptosis, which disappeared when ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, was added. Mechanically, lncRNA SNHG14 targeted and down-regulated the expression of miR-206, further affecting the common ferroptosis inhibitor SLC7A11, and preventing NR-SJSA1 cells from undergoing ferroptosis. In conclusion, our findings highlight the involvement of lncRNA SNHG14 in ferroptosis and chemotherapy resistance of nutlin3a-resistant NR-SJSA1 cells, thus shedding new insight on how to overcome drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells and improve treatment efficacy.

In this paper, in order to solve the problem that ancient glass would be weathered by the environmental influence during the burial process, and its chemical elements would change accordingly, based on Chi-square test and Spearman correlation coefficient analysis, the relationship between the types of glass relics and chemical components was analyzed, and the corresponding relationship was obtained.Then, the glass relics were classified and predicted by decision tree and random forest algorithm, and the classification and prediction results were given.

Supplementary figure 1: Replication of recombinant adenoviruses in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Supplementary figure 2: Telomerase expression in normal human cells and cancer cell lines. Supplementary figure 3: Labeling mixtures of HCT116 colon cancer cells and WBCs. Supplementary figure 4: Imaging the mixture of HCT116 colon cancer cells and WBCs. Supplementary figure 5: Imaging the mixture of MCF7 breast cancer cells and WBCs.

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune hemorrhagic disorder characterized by a low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding. We previously reported that low-dose chidamide, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, restores immune tolerance in patients with ITP. This study aimed to evaluate the association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2530223 in the HDAC3 gene with susceptibility to ITP and its clinical features.Patients with ITP and age-matched healthy participants were recruited for this case-control study. Genotyping of the HDAC3 rs2530223 polymorphism was performed using MassARRAY platform.Individuals with T allele of HDAC3 rs2530223 exhibited a 1.472-fold increased risk of ITP susceptibility (OR 1.472; 95% CI 1.100-1.969; p = .009), while ones with the TT genotype under the codominant and recessive models, and the TC/TT genotypes under the dominant model all revealed increased risk of ITP susceptibility (dominant odds ratio[OR] 1.965; 95% CI: 1.046-3.656; p = .036; codominant OR 2.264; 95% CI 1.175-4.360; p = .015; and recessive OR 1.512; 95% CI 1.028-2.224; p = .036, respectively). Regarding platelet counts in ITP patients, we observed that the TC/TT genotypes exhibited a 3.932-fold increased risk for platelet (PLT)30 × 10This study indicates that HDAC3 rs2530223 may be an important genetic factor related to ITP susceptibility and platelet count in ITP patients, providing new perspectives on disease progression, new therapeutic targets, and severity prediction.

The present study examined the roles of people's romantic beliefs and imagined interactions in unrequited love. Two hundred and twenty five Chinese college students participated in a survey study. More idealized romantic beliefs were associated with stronger unrequited love. Men's unrequited love was stronger than women's. Would-be lovers who had imagined interactions with beloved ones had stronger unrequited love in contrast to those who didn’t. Unrequited love and romantic beliefs were both positively related to the imagined interaction attributes of frequency and valence and the functions of compensation and relationship maintenance. Frequency of imagined interactions positively mediated the relationship between romantic beliefs and unrequited love.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature cells and natural inhibitors of adaptive immunity. Intracellular metabolic changes in MDSCs exert a direct immunological influence on their suppressive activity. Our previous study demonstrated that high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) corrected the functional impairment of MDSCs in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP); however, the MDSC population was not restored in nonresponders, and the mechanism remained unclear. In this study, altered mitochondrial physiology and reduced mitochondrial gene transcription were detected in MDSCs from HD-DXM nonresponders, accompanied by decreased levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), a rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Blockade of FAO with a CPT-1 inhibitor abolished the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs in HD-DXM responders. We also report that MDSCs from ITP patients had lower expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which can translocate into mitochondria to regulate the transcription of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as well as the level of oxidative phosphorylation. It was confirmed that the expression of CPT-1 and mtDNA-encoded genes was downregulated in GR-siRNA-treated murine MDSCs. Finally, by establishing murine models of active and passive ITP via adoptive transfer of DXM-modulated MDSCs, we confirmed that GR-silenced MDSCs failed to alleviate thrombocytopenia in mice with ITP. In conclusion, our study indicated that impaired aerobic metabolism in MDSCs participates in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid resistance in ITP and that intact control of MDSC metabolism by GR contributes to the homeostatic regulation of immunosuppressive cell function.

This work makes use of experimental and numerical studies to investigate the reduction of braking noise and vibrations of brake disks by introducing various M-shaped grooves on the brake disk frictional surfaces. Experiments with a brake test dynamometer have been carried out to compare the braking vibrations and noise of the grooved disks with that of the un-grooved disk. The experimental results demonstrate that disks with grooves significantly reduced braking vibrations and noise at both low and high frequencies, and as the initial braking temperature and braking pressure increased, the reduction effect is further enhanced. The investigation also shows the wear rates of both the grooved disks and brake pads are also significantly reduced. Thermo-mechanical coupled finite element models of the brake pads and disks with and without grooves are developed to investigate the mechanisms of the reduction of braking noise and vibrations by the introduction of grooves on the disk frictional surfaces. The numerical results show that the number of grooves plays an important role in reducing the interface surface temperatures, enhancing heat flux, reducing thermal deformation, changing the contact pressure distribution, and stabilizing the coefficients of friction of the braking sliding contacts. The thermal effects contribute to the wear reduction of both the braking disks and pads, and the reduction of braking noise and vibrations. In addition, both the finite element modal analysis and the experimental modal testing results show that surface grooves increase the modal damping ratio of the disks, which certainly plays a role on the reduction of braking noise and vibrations. This study has significance to the surface modification of brake disks in order to reduce braking noise and vibrations, as well as the wear resistance of brake disks and pads.

Maritime high-speed over-the-horizon wireless communication is realizable through evaporation ducts. Detailed measurement, analysis, and modeling of duct channels are essential for application of this communication technique. In this paper, X-band electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation systems were developed and deployed for a 133-km over-the-horizon microwave link in coastal areas of the Yellow Sea. The propagation length was 7.7 times the line-of-sight length. Measurement results including the path loss (PL) and meteorological data were obtained during a 54-day period in autumn 2021. The long-term channel results were analyzed on the basis of statistical analysis and model simulations. Results showed that our measurement system, with a maximum measurable power loss of 200 dB, had connected with a probability of 56.2% during the measurement period. Model simulation showed that evaporation duct environments are not ideal in autumn, with an average evaporation duct height (EDH) of 10.6 m. The land breeze in autumn introduced dry and cold air to the link, which could promote evaporation of seawater and reduce PL by approximately 40 dB. Annual spatiotemporal characteristics of EDH showed that evaporation ducts are most suitable for over-the-horizon communication in spring, especially May.

BackgroundDepressive disorders have become an increasingly significant public health issue. This study is intended to show the trend of the incidence of depressive disorders in China, the United States, India and the world from 1990 to 2019, as well as the impact of age, period and cohort on it.MethodsExtracting incidence data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we determined trends in the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) using Joinpoint regression. An age-period-cohort analysis was implemented to describe the effects of age, period, and cohort, as well as the long-term tendencies.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the ASIR of depressive disorders in China was lower than that in the United States; India is lower than the United States in the first 5 years, showing a downward trend. The incidence in India and the United States is higher than the global average. The ASIR of women in the three countries is higher than that of men. In China, the elderly, early period and people born around 1954 have a higher risk of depressive disorders. In the United States, young people born around 1999 have a higher risk of depressive disorders. India is similar to China.ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2019, the age effect of China as a whole increased, and the period became stable, and the cohort effect declined. The overall age and period effects of the United States reduced, while the cohort effect increased. The age effect in India increased, while the period and cohort effects decreased. Depressive disorders are becoming ever more serious worldwide, and we’d better take measures to reduce its incidence according to the cohort effect of each age group.

Based on brake noise dynamometer test data, combined with the artificial intelligent algorithms, frictional braking noise is quantitatively analyzed and predicted in this study. To achieve this goal, a frictional braking noise prediction method is indicatively proposed, which consists of two main parts: first, based on the experimental data obtained from the brake noise dynamometer tests, and combining with the improved Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm, the coefficients of friction (COFs) are predicted under various braking test conditions. Then, based on the predicted braking COFs and other selected critical braking parameters, the quantitative prediction of frictional braking noise is obtained by means of the optimized eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. Finally, the inherent features of the XGBoost algorithm are employed to qualitatively analyze the importance of the main factors affecting the frictional braking noise. The prediction algorithms of COFs and frictional braking noise are validated by the brake dynamomter test data, and the R2 (R square) scores of both the LSTM and XGBoost prediction algorithms are 0.9, which verifies the feasibility of both algorithms. The main contribution of this work is to predict the braking noise based on a large set of test data and combined with the LSTM and XGBoost artificial intelligent algorithms, which can significantly save time for the brake system development and braking performance testing, and has significance to the rapid prediction of braking frictional noise and fast NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) optimal design of frictional braking systems.

The present study examined the relationships between people's romantic loneliness, parasocial love (PSL), and imagined interaction (II) with media figures they viewed as romantic partners. Two hundred and twenty four college students in a Chinese university participated in the survey study. Romantic loneliness was negatively related to PSL moderated by gender. The negative relationship only emerged in males but not in females. People who had II with the personae had stronger PSL in contrast those who didn’t. PSL was positively related to II's attributes of frequency and valence and functions of compensation and relationship maintenance. Frequency of II negatively mediated the relationship between romantic loneliness and PSL.

Physisorption of methane in porous solids has been actively studied to achieve high methane storage capacity, but it requires heavy vessels due to the high pressures involved. In addition, physisorption of methane is quite sensitive to temperature elevation, even near ambient conditions. We developed a method for high-density methane storage at ambient pressure by installing pore-entrance locks controlled by waste heat at 473 K. Under ambient conditions, the entrance locks are stable enough to store a large amount of highly pressurized methane in the carbon nanopores at 19.9 MPa and can be unlocked at 473 K for encapsulation and release of methane. This novel ambient pressure storage method for pressurized methane enables storage of more methane than any other adsorbent at 3.5 MPa and 298 K. The waste-heat open/close pore-entrance locking mechanism supports long-term storage of a renewable energy source and provides a stationary energy supply.

For transient mixed Elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) problems, a novel solution is required to predict friction loss and wear in sliding or rolling parts. However, existing solutions have numerous limitations. In general, the lower the oil film thickness is, the more serious the non-linear problem is. This paper presents an efficient solution to tackle the non-linearity of the mixed EHL problem. The elastic deformation in the fluid–solid iteration coupling problem is divided into two parts: One is induced by the hydrodynamic pressure. This part of the deformation is obtained by the unsteady EHL-FBNS (Fischer–Burmeister–Newton–Schur) solver by considering both mass-conserving cavitation and elastic deformation. The other part of the deformation is introduced by the asperity contact pressure. It can be obtained by the Newton–Raphson method. After some limited iterations, the mixed EHL problems can be solved by evaluating the residual total pressure (including hydrodynamic pressure and asperity contact pressure). The proposed methodology was validated against the results from the published literature and applied to characterize the tribological performance of point contact with moving texturing. It appears that the developed method can be effectively used for tracking the tribological behavior of friction pairs.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder, in which megakaryocyte dysfunction caused by an autoimmune reaction can lead to thrombocytopenia, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we performed single-cell transcriptome profiling of bone marrow CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to determine defects in megakaryopoiesis in ITP. Gene expression, cell-cell interactions, and transcriptional regulatory networks varied in HSPCs of ITP, particularly in immune cell progenitors. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis indicated that there was an impaired megakaryopoiesis of ITP. Flow cytometry confirmed that the number of CD9+ and HES1+ cells from Lin−CD34+CD45RA− HSPCs decreased in ITP. Liquid culture assays demonstrated that CD9+Lin−CD34+CD45RA− HSPCs tended to differentiate into megakaryocytes; however, this tendency was not observed in ITP patients and more erythrocytes were produced. The percentage of megakaryocytes differentiated from CD9+Lin−CD34+CD45RA− HSPCs was 3-fold higher than that of the CD9− counterparts from healthy controls (HCs), whereas, in ITP patients, the percentage decreased to only 1/4th of that in the HCs and was comparable to that from the CD9− HSPCs. Additionally, when co-cultured with pre-B cells from ITP patients, the differentiation of CD9+Lin−CD34+CD45RA− HSPCs toward the megakaryopoietic lineage was impaired. Further analysis revealed that megakaryocytic progenitors (MkP) can be divided into seven subclusters with different gene expression patterns and functions. The ITP-associated DEGs were MkP subtype-specific, with most DEGs concentrated in the subcluster possessing dual functions of immunomodulation and platelet generation. This study comprehensively dissects defective hematopoiesis and provides novel insights regarding the pathogenesis of ITP.

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by decreased platelet count. While corticosteroids are a useful first-line therapy for ITP patients, their long-term effectiveness is limited, and the determinants of corticosteroid sensitivity in ITP patients remain largely unknown. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a member of the mammalian sirtuin family, is related to the anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids. Here, we investigate the contribution of the SIRT1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs12778366 and rs4746720 to ITP susceptibility. We recruited 330 ITP patients and 309 healthy controls from Han population, and performed genotyping of SIRT1 rs12778366 and rs4746720 using a MassARRAY system. The results were validated in another 55 ITP patients from ethnic minorities. Using clinical data of patients and controls from Han polulation, including corticosteroid sensitivity, susceptibility, refractoriness, and severity, our results revealed that the CC/TC genotypes of SIRT1 rs12778366 were associated with a 2.034-fold increased risk of corticosteroid resistance compared to the homozygous major TT genotype (dominant, CC/TC vs. TT, OR = 2.034, 95% CI = 1.039–3.984, p = 0.038). In contrast, the CC/CT genotype of SIRT1 rs4746720 showed a 0.560-fold decreased risk of corticosteroid resistance (dominant, 95% CI = 0.321–0.976, OR = 0.560, p = 0.041). The C allele substitute in SIRT1 rs12778366 was significantly associated with the corticosteroid sensitivity of ITP patients (p = 0.021). The similar results were obtained in minority ITP patients. This study indicates that SIRT1 rs12778366 and rs4746720 may be genetic factors related to corticosteroid sensitivity in ITP patients.

Presetting the taper on a joint will change the thermodynamic cycle of the interface in the direction of the rotating friction radius and affect the structure and joint mechanical properties. In this research, five types of conical Q235 low carbon steel rods at 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25° were paired with 1060 aluminum rods performed with continuous drive friction welding butt joint experiments. For these experiments, the temperatures of the interface center as well as 1/3R and 2/3R were collected during the welding process. After welding, the joints were subjected to tensile testing, fracture analysis, and microstructure analysis of the joint interface. The results showed that for the same process parameters, the increase in the tilt angle of the conical end face made the corona bonds of the friction interface of the joint move from the outside to the inside due to a decrease in the friction heat and an increase in the tangential stress, and the corona bonds became narrower. For certain technological conditions, a reasonable cone could improve the homogenization of the radial intermetallic compounds at the joint interface. The thickness of the intermetallic compound layer of the 15° tilt angle joints had the smallest gradient along the radius. The average thickness was about 0.85 μm and the average tensile strength reached a maximum of 77.5 MPa. This was 96 % of the base material of 1060 pure aluminum.

The evaporation duct (ED) is generated by the evaporation of seawater and can be an influential factor of electromagnetic (EM)-wave propagation. Rainfall also affects atmospheric factors and EM-wave propagation. However, the distribution of the ED and path loss (PL) during rainfall has rarely been reported. This paper analyzes the distribution of the atmospheric factors and ED in the South China Sea (SCS). The results show that the evaporation duct height (EDH) in the area of rainfall is generally lower. The effect of the ED on the over-the-horizon (OTH) propagation reaches 0.69 dB km−1 on average, which is 4.3 times stronger than the maximum rain attenuation (0.16 dB km−1) when the rainfall is less than 5 mm h−1. In the SCS, a 53 km long OTH link was established between Donghai Island and Jizhao Bay to observe the PL. The measurement results show that the nearly saturated relative humidity (RH) leads to a high PL. The results also show that the change in the direction of the sea–land breeze causes a 42.4 dB decrease of PL by transferring the moist patches. Rainfall has an attenuation effect on OTH propagation in ED, mainly owing to the high RH.

An intrinsic similarity was noted between epidemic spreading models and diffusion operations in cryptography. In this paper, a new image encryption algorithm is proposed based on an epidemic spreading model. The notable feature of the model is the evolution of the network node state. We utilize the evolution of an epidemic spreading model, namely the susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model, to drive the encryption progress by abstracting pixels to the network nodes. In the new cryptosystem, the pixels in plain-text are considered as susceptible individuals, permutation and diffusion are seamlessly integrated rather than having two independent stages, and the encryptions are performed in a two-dimensional and nonlinear manner. Simulation results demonstrate its high encryption speed and excellent encryption security.

BACKGROUND In this study we aimed to establish a new transfer learning model based on noncontrast and thin-layer computed tomography (CT) scans to distinguish between malignant and benign solid lung nodules. MATERIAL AND METHODS CT images from 202 patients with 210 lesions (malignant: 127, benign: 83) manifesting as solid lung nodules from January 2016 to December 2020 from 3 institutions were retrospectively collected, and each nodule was histopathologically confirmed. Two experienced thoracic radiologists reviewed all images and determined the regions of interest (ROIs) in the three-dimensional (3D) images layer-by-layer. We divided the lesions and images into training and testing sets at a ratio of 7: 3. The Inception V3 model was pretrained by the training dataset. Five-fold cross-validation was used to choose the optimal model. Receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC curves) for methods to evaluate the performance of the models were drafted. RESULTS In the validation set, the AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of Inception V3 model (lesion-level) were 0.999, 0.989, 0.983, and 1.0, respectively, which is higher than the image-level (0.997, 0.933, 0.922, and 0.948, respectively). The Inception V3 model (lesion-level) performed better than the image-level but there was no significant difference between the models (P0.05). The ResNet50 model based on image level achieved AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.963, 0.926, 0.916, and 0.944, respectively, which is lower than that of Inception V3. CONCLUSIONS Our study developed a novel deep learning model based on noncontrast and thin-layer CT scans to classify benign vs malignant lung nodules, and the Inception V3 model greatly improved the differentiation accuracy and specificity.

The Ar (87.3 K) and N2 (77.4 K) adsorption isotherms of six non-graphitized carbon blacks are compared to choose the best reference material for an accurate determination of surface area of porous carbons with subtracting pore effect (SPE) method using high resolution αs-plot. Microporous carbon blacks cannot be used as references for SPE method since they underestimate the surface area. On the other hand, reference carbon blacks exhibiting capillary condensation underestimate external surface areas. The total surface area from SPE method using Ar adsorption at 87.3 K has a stronger dependence on the microporosity of reference carbon blacks than that using N2 adsorption at 77.4 K. The surface area of carbons whose pore widths are >1 nm result more affected by the reference carbon black than those with widths https://osf.io/zjg8a ) for quick and easy use of the SPE method to characterize the porous carbons precisely.

This work proposes a clock and data alignment scheme for the readout electronics system of the future PandaX-nT dark matter detection experiments. Since the waveform information of the photomultiplier signal is obtained by accumulating all acquisition channels of the front-end digitization module (FDM), it is required that each FDM acquisition channel should be synchronized. The readout electronics system is composed of a clock distribution module, 64 FDMs, and 4 data acquisition (DAQ) modules. The multi-board synchronous acquisition circuit can provide the same REF CLOCK and SYSREF signal for multiple FDMs boards to ensure the alignment of the sampled data collected by the analog-to-digital converter. The data aggregation circuit can ensure that the sampled data of multiple FDM boards are aligned with each other when they are aggregated to the DAQ board. The functional verification test results show that the synchronization between the prototype electronics channels is less than 80 ps, thus enabling to meet the requirements of the readout electronics prototype of PandaX-nT.

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common disease worldwide, especially in developing countries. China, Brazil, and India are among the world’s fastest-growing emerging economies. This study aimed to assess long-term trends in PUD mortality and explore the effects of age, period, and cohort in China, Brazil, and India. Methods: We collected data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study and used an age–period–cohort (APC) model to estimate the effects of age, period, and cohort. We also obtained net drift, local drift, longitudinal age curve, and period/cohort rate ratios using the APC model. Results: Between 1990 and 2019, the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of PUD and PUD attributable to smoking showed a downward trend in all countries and both sexes. The local drift values for both sexes of all ages were below zero, and there were obvious sex differences in net drifts between China and India. India had a more pronounced upward trend in the age effects than other countries. The period and cohort effects had a similar declining trend in all countries and both sexes. Conclusions: China, Brazil, and India had an inspiring decrease in the ASMRs of PUD and PUD attributable to smoking and to period and cohort effects during 1990–2019. The decreasing rates of Helicobacter pylori infection and the implementation of tobacco-restricting policies may have contributed to this decrease.

Human beings are confronted with a serious health hazard when ingesting Ruditapes philippinarum contaminated with heavy metals, and thus it is significantly necessary to identify heavy metal contaminated Ruditapes philippinarum. This study investigates the feasibility of hyperspectral imaging to identify heavy metal contamination in Ruditapes philippinarum rapidly. To reduce the effects of noise, four different spectral pretreatments were performed on the original spectra. To select characteristic wavebands for identification, four waveband selection algorithms based on neighbourhood rough set theory were proposed, namely, mutual information, consistency measure, dependency measure, and variable precision. The selected wavebands were input to an extreme learning machine to construct classification models. The results demonstrated that multiplicative scatter correction pretreatment was suitable for Ruditapes philippinarum hyperspectral imaging datasets. The identification models exhibited satisfactory performance to distinguish healthy Ruditapes philippinarum from those contaminated by both individual and multiple heavy metals. The identification results of Cd and Pb contaminated samples were more accurate than those of Cu and Zn contaminated samples. When the number of training samples decreased the identification performance decreased, but not significantly. The results showed that combined with pattern recognition analysis hyperspectral imaging technology can be used to distinguish healthy Ruditapes philippinarum samples from those contaminated by heavy metals, even with only a small number of training samples. This model is suitable for applications in analysing many shellfish rapidly and non-destructively.

Altered microenvironmental stiffness is a hallmark of inflammation. It is sensed by the mechanically activated cation channel Piezo1 in macrophages to induce subsequent immune responses. However, the mechanism by which the mechanosensitive signals shape the metabolic status of macrophages and tune immune responses remains unclear. We revealed that Piezo1-deficient macrophages exhibit reduced aerobic glycolysis in resting or liposaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages with impaired LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokinesin vitro. Additionally, pretreatment with the Piezo1 agonist, Yoda1, or cyclical hydrostatic pressure (CHP) upregulated glycolytic activity and enhanced LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Piezo1-deficient mice were less susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, whereas Yoda1 treatment aggravated colitis. Mechanistically, we found that Piezo1 activation promotes aerobic glycolysis through the Ca2+-induced CaMKII-HIF1α axis. Therefore, our study revealed that Piezo1-mediated mechanosensitive signals Piezo1 can enhance aerobic glycolysis and promote the LPS-induced immune response in macrophages.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease, in which the imbalance of CD4