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In this brief note we point out that in the case of two dimensional crystals like graaphene, there is an interesting anomalous behaviour of Fermions. This could potentially be useful., 10 pages, latex

In this paper, we endeavour to obtain a modified form of the Foldy-Wouthuysen and Cini-Toushek transformations by resorting to the noncommutative nature of space-time geometry, starting from the Klein-Gordon equation. Also, we obtain a shift in the energy levels due to noncommutativity and from these results a limit for the Lorentz factor in the ultra-relativistic case has been derived in conformity with observations, 13 pages

Corda, Mosquera Cuesta, and Lorduy Gòmez have shown that spherically symmetric stationary states can be used as a model for galaxies in the framework of the linearized R2 gravity. Those states could represent a partial solution to the Dark Matter Problem. Here, we discuss an improvement of this work. In fact, as the star density is a functional of the invariants of the associated Vlasov equation, we show that any of these invariants is in its turn a functional of the local energy and the angular momentum. As a consequence, the star density depends only on these two integrals of the Vlasov system. This result is known as the “Jeans theorem.” In addition, we find an analogy of the historical Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation for the system considered in this paper. For the sake of completeness, in the final section of the paper, we consider two additional models which argue that Dark Matter could not be an essential element.

Sidharth had shown that gravitation can be reconciled with electromagnetic and other forces if we start from a Landau-Ginzburg phase transition. This is further remarked upon and a unification of all forces of nature is proposed., 10 pages, IIAMIS-TR 08 2016 No.1

Corda, Mosquera Cuesta, and Lorduy Gòmez have shown that spherically symmetric stationary states can be used as a model for galaxies in the framework of the linearized R2 gravity. Those states could represent a partial solution to the Dark Matter Problem. Here, we discuss an improvement of this work. In fact, as the star density is a functional of the invariants of the associated Vlasov equation, we show that any of these invariants is in its turn a functional of the local energy and the angular momentum. As a consequence, the star density depends only on these two integrals of the Vlasov system. This result is known as the “Jeans theorem.” In addition, we find an analogy of the historical Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation for the system considered in this paper. For the sake of completeness, in the final section of the paper, we consider two additional models which argue that Dark Matter could not be an essential element.

2017 observations by Riess and coworkers have indicated that the universe is expanding some seven percent faster than the currently accepted cosmological model described. In this paper we argue that this discrepancy can be eliminated by considering a universe consisting only of matter and dark energy., Comment: 8 pages

We consider a formulation using Kerr-Newman metric which leads to an extra force hitherto unknown and we justify that this is the "fifth Force" that is being sought after., Comment: 13 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1106.6103

In this paper we endeavour to find a connection between the non-commutative nature of space time and the {\it zero point field}. We observe that extra effects come into play when we take into account the Compton scale effects in such a space-time and the electromagnetic field tensor and the current density get modified. This defines an underlying connection between non-commutativity and the {\it zero point field}., 6 pages

Corda, Mosquera Cuesta and Lorduy Gomez have shown that spherically symmetric stationary states can be used as a model for galaxies in the framework of the linearized R^2 gravity. Those states could represent a partial solution to the Dark Matter Problem. Here we discuss an improvement of this work. In fact, as the star density is a functional of the invariants of the associated Vlasov equation, we show that any of these invariants is in its turn a functional of the local energy and the angular momentum. As a consequence, the star density depends only on these two integrals of the Vlasov system. This result is known as the "Jeans theorem". In addition, we find an analogous of the historical Tolman- Oppenheimer-Volkov equation for the system considered in this paper. For the sake of completeness, in the final Section of the paper we consider two additional models which argue that Dark Matter could not be an essential element., Comment: Comments: 15 pages, the results of arXiv:1105.0147 have been partially reviewed. Final version matching the one published in the Adv. High En. Phys. Special Issue "Classical and Quantum Gravity and Its Applications" Edited by S. Hossein Hendi and others

We revisit the problems of dark energy and dark matter and several models designed to explain them, leading to the hypothetical fifth force in the light of some latest findings., Comment: 37 pages, latex, New Advances in Physic (91), 2013. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:physics/0411224, arXiv:1011.4575, arXiv:physics/0609254, arXiv:1112.1773, arXiv:0803.4302, arXiv:0902.3342, arXiv:1201.0915, arXiv:physics/0608222, arXiv:physics/0403034, arXiv:physics/0404024, arXiv:0905.3896, arXiv:physics/0110040, arXiv:1106.6103

As 2011 ended, two results stood out which seemed to go against twentieth century ideas. The first was the OPERA superluminal neutrino observation contradicting Special Relativity. The second was lack of a definitive appearance of the Higgs Boson. While both these hopefully will be decided by the end of 2012, we investigate a single mechanism that explains both these anomalies., 10 pages; Based on the Bhagavantam Memorial Lecture, A.P.Academy of Sciences

Some seventy five years ago, the concept of dark matter was introduced by Zwicky to explain the anomaly of galactic rotation curves, though there is no clue to its identity or existence to date. In 1997, the author had introduced a model of the universe which went diametrically opposite to the existing paradigm which was a dark matter assisted decelarating universe. The new model introduces a dark energy driven accelarating universe though with a small cosmological constant. The very next year this new picture was confirmed by the Supernova observations of Perlmutter, Riess and Schmidt. These astronomers got the 2011 Nobel Prize for this dramatic observation. All this is discussed briefly, including the fact that dark energy may obviate the need for dark matter., 14 pages, tex; Invited talk in special session of FFP12 in Udine, Italy to mark the 2011 Nobel Prize in physics

We review some recent studies of particle-antiparticle behaviour (including proton-antiproton) at high energies, which suggest a new short lived interaction between them. We then examine the latest evidence from the CDF team at Fermi Lab which bears out this result to a little above $3 \sigma$ level., Comment: 11 pages; latex

We reexamine the behaviour of particles at Ultra Highe energies in the context of the fact that the LHC has already touched an energy of $7 TeV$ and is likely to attain $14 TeV$ by 2013/2014.Consequences like a possible new shortlived interaction within the Compton scale are discussed., 12 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1008.2491

Invoking a model of an elementary particle as a collection of ultra relativistic transient particles we show that it is possible to recover the energy of the particle by bombarding it with monochromatic high-energy radiation., Comment: 18 pages, invited talk at 12th Front.Fund.Phys. Symposium, University of Udine, 2011

We revisit considerations of temporal order in relativistic effects, taking into account Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. We then use a formulation of relativistic Quantum Mechanical equations given by Feshbach and Villars to exhibit novel particle antiparticle effects., Comment: 9 pages, latex

Astronomical observations were used as a marker for time and the Calendar from ancient times. A more subtle calibration of epochs is thrown up by an observation of the position of the solstices and equinoxes, because these points shift in the sky with the years resulting in the gradual shift of celestial longitudes $\lambda$. Chronology based on such observations however needs to be backed up by hard evidence. We match both to take us back to $10,000$ B.C., the epi-paleolithic period, and the beginning of civilization itself., Comment: 18 pages, Latex

Numerous observations and studies suggest that the universe has some sort of overall rotation. We consider this matter and provide a new angle., Comment: 8 pages

We consider two problems that have vexed physicists for several decades -- dark matter and the cosmological constant. The problem has been that the former has not been detected while the latter gives a far higher value than detected by observation. We argue that a time varying gravitational constant obviates the former problem, while the latter problem can be circumvented by considering the average density of the universe., Comment: 11 pages latex

The LHC in Geneva is already operating at a total energy of $7 TeV$ and hopefully after a pause in 2012, it will attain its full capacity of $14 TeV$ in 2013. These are the highest energies achieved todate in any accelerator. It is against this backdrop that it is worthwhile to revisit very high energy collisions of Fermions (Cf. also \cite{bgspp}). We will in fact examine their behaviour at such energies., Comment: 11 pages -- expanded new version

We consider the problem of distance between two particles in the universe, where space is taken to be Liebnizian rather than Newtonian, this being the present day approach. We then argue that with latest inputs from physics, it is possible to define such a distance in a topological sense., Comment: 6 pages Latex

We consider the behavior of the particles at ultra relativistic energies, for both the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations. We observe that the usual description is valid for energies such that we are outside the particle's Compton wavelength. For higher energies however, both the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations get modified and this leads to some new effects for the particles, including the appearance of anti particles with a slightly different energy., 9 pages tex

Chirality or the property that distinguishes lefthandedness from righthandedness is an important aspect of the universe, starting from neutrinos, which are lefthanded. Fifteen years ago the author had proposed that life on the earth was formed through a dual process -- several key ingredients being transported from outer space to the earth by comets or meteorites and these in turn interacting with compounds already cooked up in the earth's seas. Several recent observations point to the fact that the amino acids brought out to the earth by meteorites are lefthanded, as in terrestrial life forms. Experiments in the laboratory however throw up equal numbers of lefthanded and righthanded amino acids, what are called racemic mixtures. Not only would the latest observations endorse this dual mode theory of the origin of life, but on the other hand it would point to the key trigger for life processes itself. This is because racemic mixtures are not optically active, unlike the handed or chiral constituents. It is this activity of harnessing solar radiation and converting it into chemical energy, and storing this in the sugar bonds, as in photosynthesis, that characterizes life., 7 pages Latex

The LHC is expected to resume later this year. Though results at the Tevatron make it more difficult for the LHC to pick out Higgs bosons, there are other results which are expected. Some of these are surveyed here., Comment: 6 pages latex

In this paper we show how it is possible to obtain mass generation in the context of non Abelian gauge field theory, using a non commutative spacetime. This is further confirmed by the modified dispersion relation that results from such a geometry., Comment: 8 pages; latex; Invited talk at Physics 2009

The LHC is expected to resume later this year. Though results at the Tevatron make it more difficult for the LHC to pick out Higgs bosons, there are other results which are expected. Some of these are surveyed here., 6 pages latex

A fundamental spacetime scale in the universe leads to noncommutative spacetime and thence to a modified energy - momentum dispersion relation or equivalently to a modification of Lorentz symmetry as shown by the author and others. This latter consideration has also been used by some scholars though based on purely phenomenological models that have been suggested by the observation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays. On the other hand a parallel development has been the proposal of a small but non zero photon mass by some scholars including the author, such a mass being within experimentally allowable limits. This too leads to a small violation of Lorentz symmetry observable in principle in very high energy gamma rays, as in fact is claimed. We show in this paper that the latter mechanism in fact follows from the former, thus unifying two apparently different approaches., 9 pages tex

We briefly review two concepts of time - the usual time associated with "being" and more recent ideas, answering to the description of "becoming". The approximation involved in the former is examined. Finally we argue that it is (unpredictable) fluctuations that underlie time., 16 pages, latex

Till the late nineties the accepted cosmological model was that of a Universe that had originated in the Big Bang and was now decelerating under the influence of as yet undetected dark matter, so that it would come to a halt and eventually collapse. In 1997 however, the author had put forward a contra model wherein the Universe was driven by dark energy, essentially the quantum zero point field, and was accelerating with a small cosmological constant. There were other deductions too, all in total agreement with observation. All this got confirmation in 1998 and subsequent observations have reconfirmed the findings., Comment: 16 pages, tex; Paper to be presented at the Royal Astronomical Society Meet

We argue that the material inside Neutron stars behaves anomalously with fractal statistics and that in principle, we could induce mini Neutron stars, with the release of energy., Comment: To appear in Chaos, Solitons and Fractals

In May 2008 the long awaited NASA Satellite, GLAST was launched, which will study cosmic gamma rays. In August 2008, it is expected that the CERN's Large Hadron Collidor (LHC) will finally become operationized. This is found to unwield several new particles. All this has the potential of opening the frontier of a New Physics., Comment: 7 pages latex

Starting from considerations of Bosons at the real life Compton scale we go on to a description of Fermions, specifically the Dirac equation in terms of an underlying noncommutative geometry described by the Dirac $\gamma$ matrices and generalize this to branes in an underlying C-space (with Clifford Algebra)., Comment: 10 pages, latex

We consider the problem of the flattening of the velocity curves in galactic discs and the consequent postulation of dark matter from three different but converging perspectives-- a change in the large scale dimensionality of space, a variation of $G$ and the MOND approach. We also discuss the paradigm of the universe itself being a Black Hole., 20 pages, Latex

Using considerations from the Quantum Zero Point Field and Thermodynamics, we show that the Planck Scale is the minimum (maximum mass) and the Photon Scale is the maximum (minimum mass) Scale in the universe. The arguments also deduce the residual cosmic energy of $10^{-33}eV$ observed lately., Comment: 9 pages tex

Two types of population models are well known -- the continuous and the discrete types.The two have very different characteristics and methods of solutions and analysis.In this note, we point out that an iterative technique when applied to the continuous case mimics, surprisingly the discrete theory. The implication is that techniques and conclusions of the latter theory can now be applied to the former case (and vice versa)., Comment: 8 pages,2 figures,TeX

It is well known that the Classical theory of the electron reached the limits of its description at time intervals of the order of $10^{-23} secs$, that is the Compton time. It is widely believed that below these time intervals Classical Electrodynamics doesn't work and that a Quantum description is required. Using the Lorentz Dirac and the Dirac equations of the electron, we point out that in fact there is a convergence of the two descriptions at the Compton scale., Comment: 10 pages, tex

We show that many ancient Indian mythological legends are really allegorical depictions of astronomical and other physical phenomena of which the composers had a good idea. This detail enables us to also use techniques of astronomical chronology for dating various events., Comment: six pages; latex

We review the case for the photon having a tiny mass compatible with the experimental limits. We go over some possible experimental tests for such a photon mass including the violation of Lorentz symmetry. We point out that such violations may already have been witnessed in tests involving high energy gamma rays from outer space as also ultra high energy cosmic rays., Comment: 14 pages tex

We give arguments from the point of view of Gravitation as well as Electromagnetism which indicate a Machian view for the universe., 11 pages, tex

We argue that a non commutative geometry at the Compton scale is at the root of mass, Quantum Mechanical spin and QCD and electromagnetic interactions. It also leads to a reconciliation of linearized General Relativity and Quantum Theory., 11 pages, tex Talk at the Eight International Symposium on the Frontiers of Fundamental Physics, Madrid, October, 2006

The Planck scale is considered to be a natural minimum scale, made up as it is solely of fundamental constants. However the Planck scale is well beyond the scales encountered in real life, these latter being at least of the order of the Compton scale. The Compton scale too is fundamental in the same sense -- it is made up of fundamental micro physical constants, though it is $10^{20}$ orders higher than the Planck scale. We discuss here a mechanism by which the Planck scale manifests itself at the real life Compton scale, this happening due to processes within the Planck time. Related issues are also discussed., 13 pages Tex. Talk at the Eighth International Symposium on Frontiers of Fundamental Physics, Madrid, 2006

De Broglie believed that the photon has a mass, a view shared by a few others. Quite recently, the author has argued that the photon has a mass which is consistent with the latest experimental limits. In the present paper we point out that there is experimental evidence for this mass and also give a theoretical demonstration of the photon mass., 8 pages, tex

We provide a rationale for the Planck scale being the minimum scale in the universe, as also its specific numerical values. In the process we answer the question of why the Planck scale is $10^{20}$ times the Compton scale of elementary particles. These considerations show how the Planck scale provides an underpinning for space time., 16 pages tex

The concept of an all pervading Aether is age old, and contrary to popular belief, it survived the twentieth century too though with different nuances. Using this concept of a background Quantum Vacuum, the author in 1997 proposed a cosmological model with some resemblance to the Dirac cosmology, which correctly predicted a dark energy driven accelerating universer with a small cosmological constant, as was subsequently confirmed by observation in 1998. Moreover the so called Large Number coincidences including the mysterious Weinberg formula are deduced in this theory, rather than being ad hoc. We examine the concept of Aether in this context and indicate how this dark energy may be harnessed., 12 pages, tex. Submitted for publication

This paper concerns the analysis of data collected during the implementation of a teaching proposal on thermodynamics in a class of 20 students (17 year-olds) of a scientifically-oriented secondary school in Italy. After a brief presentation of the teaching proposal design and of the notion of learning environment as properly complex territory, the results of two levels of analysis are discussed. The first level regards a phenomenological (bottom-up) analysis of a selection of individual interviews to students. The analysis allowed us: i) to reconstruct how different students approached the study of thermodynamics; ii) to show in what sense we can infer, in the words of Confrey, that the teaching activities have shaped a “classroom corridor” that the students were enabled to navigate by constructing “individual trajectories” (Confrey, 2006). The second level of analysis regards the development of a “humble, or local, theory” (diSessa, Cobb, 2004; Levrini, diSessa, 2008) aimed at explaining why and how a specific interplay between the collective and individual dynamics fosters and supports the construction of personal learning trajectories. Such a humble theory is comprised of: - an agent stimulating and supporting students’ in their construction of trajectories - the imaginative game put in action by the students and represented by the circularity between i) recognizing a space of possibilities for developing thinking, ii) anticipating where the various possible paths can lead, iii) testing the possibilities against reality (reification); - boundary conditions – classroom norms (trust in teacher and an acknowledged and productive role that the students were encouraged to play within the classroom) and being in their regime of competence; - a dynamical mechanism lying at the back of the process – the specific action of mediation operated by the teacher in order to manage the collective time and to tune the individual cognition, the collective dynamics and the discipline. The specific example of humble theory will provide the basis for addressing methodological issues raised by the Design Studies (Cobb et al., 2003) and concerning the development of theories in Physics Education Research. References: Confrey, J., (2006). The evolution of design studies as methodology, in Sawyer K. (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of The Learning Sciences, Cambridge University Press, 135 – 152. Cobb, P., Confrey, J., diSessa A., Lehrer, R., Schauble, L. (2003). Design Experiments in Educational Research, Educational Researcher, 32 (1), 9-13. diSessa, A. A., Cobb, P. (2004). Ontological innovation and the role of theory in design experiments. The J. of Learning Sciences, 13(1), 77-103. Levrini, O., diSessa, A A., (2008). How Students Learn from Multiple Contexts and Definitions: Proper Time as a Coordination Class. Phys. Rev. STPER, 4, 010107-1-18.