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Triggered by the COVID-19 crisis, Israel’s Ministry of Health (MoH) held a virtual datathon based on deidentified governmental data. Organized by a multidisciplinary committee, Israel’s research community was invited to offer insights to help solve COVID-19 policy challenges. The Datathon was designed to develop operationalizable data-driven models to address COVID-19 health policy challenges. Specific relevant challenges were defined and diverse, reliable, up-to-date, deidentified governmental datasets were extracted and tested. Secure remote-access research environments were established. Registration was open to all citizens. Around a third of the applicants were accepted, and they were teamed to balance areas of expertise and represent all sectors of the community. Anonymous surveys for participants and mentors were distributed to assess usefulness and points for improvement and retention for future datathons. The Datathon included 18 multidisciplinary teams, mentored by 20 data scientists, 6 epidemiologists, 5 presentation mentors, and 12 judges. The insights developed by the three winning teams are currently considered by the MoH as potential data science methods relevant for national policies. Based on participants’ feedback, the process for future data-driven regulatory responses for health crises was improved. Participants expressed increased trust in the MoH and readiness to work with the government on these or future projects.

Metallic masking materials are promising candidates for plasma-based pattern transfer into low-k materials for fabricating integrated circuits. Improving etching selectivity (ES) between the low-k and hardmask material requires a fundamental understanding of material erosion in fluorocarbon (FC) plasmas. The authors have previously reported on the erosion mechanism and plasma parametric dependencies of Ti etch in FC discharges. The present work focuses on elucidating differences in the erosion behavior between Ti and TiN hardmasks. The authors studied erosion of Ti, TiN, and organosilicate glass (OSG), a reference low-k material, in CF4/Ar and C4F8/Ar plasmas. Changes in surface composition, FC surface reaction layer thicknesses, erosion rates, and corresponding ES were established by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ ellipsometry. The authors found that the erosion stages and plasma parameter dependent surface compositions were similar for Ti and TiN. The previously established dependence of T...

The authors studied the behavior of Ti hardmasks in CF4/Ar and C4F8/Ar discharges using conditions relevant to pattern transfer processes into organosilicate glass (OSG), a reference low-k material investigated in parallel. The authors examined various material erosion stages and determined the dependencies of etch rates (ERs) and etching selectivities (ESs) on the following plasma parameters: self-bias voltage (50–150 V), processing pressure (20–60 mTorr) and %CF4 (10–30 %) in CF4/Ar discharges, and O2 addition (0–10 %) and N2 addition (0–20 %) to C4F8/Ar discharges. Erosion behavior and ERs were characterized by real-time ellipsometric measurements and multilayer optical modeling. These measurements were complemented by x ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the surface composition. The impact of plasma parameter changes were investigated by comparing ERs and corresponding ESs (OSG ER/Ti ER). During the erosion of Ti, the initially oxidized film surface was transformed into a TiFx layer (x ∼ 3) covered by a FC film. The FC film thickness strongly depended on the FC feed gas and was significantly thicker for the C4F8-based etch (1.5 nm) than for the CF4-based etch (0.9 nm). Ti erosion was found to be dependent on the energy deposited on the film surface by ion bombardment and to exponentially decrease with increasing FC film thicknesses. For thin FC films ( 1 nm), erosion was limited by the amount of F that could diffuse through the FC layer to the Ti interface. In contrast to organic masking materials, Ti hardmasks have lower ESs for the more polymerizing C4F8-based discharges than for CF4-based discharges. This can be explained by the consumption of the limited supply of F at the OSG surface by C and H impurities, which form volatile CF4 and HF etch products. For thin FC films and low ion energy deposition by ion bombardment, ESs up to 15 have been achieved.The authors studied the behavior of Ti hardmasks in CF4/Ar and C4F8/Ar discharges using conditions relevant to pattern transfer processes into organosilicate glass (OSG), a reference low-k material investigated in parallel. The authors examined various material erosion stages and determined the dependencies of etch rates (ERs) and etching selectivities (ESs) on the following plasma parameters: self-bias voltage (50–150 V), processing pressure (20–60 mTorr) and %CF4 (10–30 %) in CF4/Ar discharges, and O2 addition (0–10 %) and N2 addition (0–20 %) to C4F8/Ar discharges. Erosion behavior and ERs were characterized by real-time ellipsometric measurements and multilayer optical modeling. These measurements were complemented by x ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the surface composition. The impact of plasma parameter changes were investigated by comparing ERs and corresponding ESs (OSG ER/Ti ER). During the erosion of Ti, the initially oxidized film surface was transformed into a TiFx layer (x ∼ 3) cover...