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1. Hot QCD White Paper

Author

Arslandok, M., Bass, S.A., Baty, A.A., Bautista, I., Beattie, C., Becattini, F., Bellwied, R., Berdnikov, Y., Berdnikov, A., Bielcik, J., Blair, J.T., Bock, F., Boimska, B., Bossi, H., Caines, H., Chen, Y., Chien, Y.-T., Chiu, M., Connors, M.E., Csanád, M., da Silva, C.L., Dash, A.P., David, G., Dehmelt, K., Dexheimer, V., Dong, X., Drees, A., Du, L., Durham, J.M., Ehlers, R.J., Elfner, H., Evdokimov, O., Finger, M., Finger, M., Jr., Frantz, J., Frawley, A.D., Gale, C., Geurts, F., Gonzalez, V., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grossberndt, S.K., Hachiya, T., He, X., Heinz, U., Hong, B., Humanic, T.J., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B.V., Jahan, J., Jeon, S., Jheng, H.R., Jia, J., Judd, E.G., Kapusta, J.I., Karpenko, I., Khachatryan, V., Kharzeev, D.E., Kim, M., Kimelman, B., Klay, J.L., Klein, S.R., Knospe, A.G., Koch, V., Kotov, D., Krintiras, G.K., Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R., Kuo, C.M., Lajoie, J.G., Lee, Y.-J., Li, W., Liao, J., Likmeta, I., Lim, S.H., Liu, M.X., Loizides, C., Longo, R., Luo, X., Luzum, M., Ma, R., Majumder, A., Mak, S., Markert, C., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Mignerey, A.C., Minafra, N., Morrison, D.P., Mueller, B., Nagle, J.L., Narde, A., Nattrass, C.E., Niida, T., Noronha, J., Noronha-Hostler, J., Nouicer, R., Novitzky, N., O'Brien, E., Odyniec, G., Okorokov, V.A., Osborn, J.D., Paquet, J.-F., Park, S., Parotto, P., Perepelitsa, D.V., Petreczky, P., Pinkenburg, C., Praszalowicz, M., Pruneau, C., Putschke, J., Ramasubramanian, N.V., Rapp, R., Ratti, C., Read, K.F., Rebello Teles, P., Reed, R., Rinn, T., Roland, G., Rosati, M., Royon, C., Ruan, L., Sakaguchi, T., Salur, S., Sarsour, M., Menon, A.S., Schenke, B., Schmidt, N.V., Schmier, A., Schäfer, T., Seger, J., Seto, R., Sheibani, Oveis, Shen, C., Shi, Z., Shulga, E., Sickles, A.M., Singh, M., Singh, B.K., Smirnov, N., Smith, K.L., Song, H., Soudi, I., Leiton, A.G. Stahl, Steinberg, P., Stephanov, M., Strickland, M., Sumbera, M., Sunar Cerci, D., Tachibana, Y., Tang, A.H., Tapia Takaki, D., Teaney, D., Thomas, D., Timmins, A.R., Tribedy, P., Tu, Z., Tuo, S., Rueda, O.V., Velkovska, J., Venugopalan, R., Videbæk, F., Voloshin, S.A., Vovchenko, V., Vujanovic, G., Wang, X., Wang, F., Wang, X.-N., Weyhmiller, S., Xie, W., Xu, N., Yang, Y., Yao, X., Ye, Z., Yee, H.-U., and Zajc, W.A.

Subjects
nucl-th, Nuclear Theory, hep-ex, FOS: Physical sciences, hep-ph, nucl-ex, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Nuclear Physics - Theory, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Hot QCD physics studies the nuclear strong force under extreme temperature and densities. Experimentally these conditions are achieved via high-energy collisions of heavy ions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In the past decade, a unique and substantial suite of data was collected at RHIC and the LHC, probing hydrodynamics at the nucleon scale, the temperature dependence of the transport properties of quark-gluon plasma, the phase diagram of nuclear matter, the interaction of quarks and gluons at different scales and much more. This document, as part of the 2023 nuclear science long range planning process, was written to review the progress in hot QCD since the 2015 Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science, as well as highlight the realization of previous recommendations, and present opportunities for the next decade, building on the accomplishments and investments made in theoretical developments and the construction of new detectors. Furthermore, this document provides additional context to support the recommendations voted on at the Joint Hot and Cold QCD Town Hall Meeting, which are reported in a separate document., 190 pages, 69 figures

Published
2023

2. Kinematic dependence of azimuthal anisotropies in <math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Au</mi><mo>,</mo></mrow></math> <math><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Au</mi><mo>,</mo></mrow></math> and <math><mrow><mmultiscripts><mi>He</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>3</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>+</mo><mi>Au</mi></mrow></math> at <math><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>200</mn><mspace width='4pt'></mspace><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math>

Author

Acharya, U.A., Adare, A., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N.N., Akiba, Y., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Ayuso, C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bandara, N.S., Bannier, B., Barish, K.N., Bathe, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Beckman, S., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bichon, L., Blankenship, B., Blau, D.S., Boer, M., Bok, J.S., Borisov, V., Boyle, K., Brooks, M.L., Bryslawskyj, J., Bumazhnov, V., Butler, C., Campbell, S., Canoa Roman, V., Cervantes, R., Chen, C.H., Chiu, M., Chi, C.Y., Choi, I.J., Choi, J.B., Chujo, T., Citron, Z., Connors, M., Corliss, R., Cronin, N., Csörgő, T., Csanád, M., Liu, L.D., Danley, T.W., Datta, A., Daugherity, M.S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Dion, A., Diss, P.B., Dixit, D., Do, J.H., Drees, A., Drees, K.A., Dumancic, M., Durham, J.M., Durum, A., Elder, T., En'yo, H., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Esumi, S., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D.E., Finger, M., Fitzgerald, D., Fokin, S.L., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Frawley, A.D., Fukuda, Y., Gallus, P., Gal, C., Garg, P., Ge, H., Giles, M., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Goto, Y., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Gunji, T., Guragain, H., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J.S., Hahn, K.I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H.F., Hanks, J., Han, S.Y., Harvey, M., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T.O.S., Hashimoto, K., Hemmick, T.K., He, X., Hill, J.C., Hill, K., Hodges, A., Hollis, R.S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Imai, K., Imrek, J., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ito, Y., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B.V., Jezghani, M., Jiang, X., Ji, Z., Johnson, B.M., Jorjadze, V., Jouan, D., Jumper, D.S., Kanda, S., Kang, J.H., Kapukchyan, D., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A.V., Key, J.A., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Khatiwada, A., Kimelman, B., Kim, C., Kim, D.J., Kim, E.J., Kim, G.W., Kim, M., Kim, M.H., Kim, T., Kincses, D., Kingan, A., Kistenev, E., Kitamura, R., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Komkov, B., Kotov, D., Kovacs, L., Kudo, S., Kurgyis, B., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Lajoie, J.G., Lallow, E.O., Larionova, D., Lebedev, A., Lee, S., Lee, S.H., Leitch, M.J., Leung, Y.H., Lewis, N.A., Lim, S.H., Liu, M.X., Li, X., Loggins, V.R., Lökös, S., Loomis, D.A., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y.I., Makek, M., Malaev, M., Manion, A., Manko, V.I., Mannel, E., Masuda, H., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P.L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Meles, A., Mendoza, M., Mignerey, A.C., Mihalik, D.E., Milov, A., Mishra, D.K., Mitchell, J.T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A.K., Mondal, M.M., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D.P., Morrow, S.I., Moukhanova, T.V., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagai, K., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J.L., Nagy, M.I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Nelson, S., Netrakanti, P.K., Niida, T., Nishimura, S., Nouicer, R., Novák, T., Novitzky, N., Novotny, R., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A.S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C.A., Orjuela Koop, J.D., Osborn, J.D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G.J., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J.S., Park, S., Patel, M., Pate, S.F., Peng, J.C., Peng, W., Perepelitsa, D.V., Perera, G.D.N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C.E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pinson, R., Pisani, R.P., Potekhin, M., Pun, A., Purschke, M.L., Radzevich, P.V., Rak, J., Ramasubramanian, N., Ramson, B.J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K.F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Rolnick, S.D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Rubin, J.G., Runchey, J., Safonov, A.S., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, K., Sato, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B.K., Sedgwick, K., Seidl, R., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T.A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C.L., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B.K., Singh, C.P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, K.L., Snowball, M., Soltz, R.A., Sondheim, W.E., Sorensen, S.P., Sourikova, I.V., Stankus, P.W., Stepanov, M., Stoll, S.P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Syed, S., Sziklai, J., Takeda, A., Taketani, A., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M.J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Towell, C.L., Towell, R., Towell, R.S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H.W., Vazquez-Carson, S., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Wang, X.R., Wang, Z., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y.S., Wei, F., White, A.S., Wong, C.P., Woody, C.L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xue, L., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y.L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yin, P., Yoon, I., Yoo, J.H., Yushmanov, I.E., Yu, H., Zajc, W.A., Zelenski, A., Zharko, S., Zhou, S., and Zou, L.

Abstract

There is strong evidence for the formation of small droplets of quark-gluon plasma in p/d/He3+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and in p+p/Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. In particular, the analysis of data at RHIC for different geometries obtained by varying the projectile size and shape has proved insightful. In the present analysis, we find excellent agreement with the previously published PHENIX at RHIC results on elliptical and triangular flow with an independent analysis via the two-particle correlation method, which has quite different systematic uncertainties and an independent code base. In addition, the results are extended to other detector combinations with different kinematic (pseudorapidity) coverage. These results provide additional constraints on contributions from nonflow and longitudinal decorrelations.

Published
2022

3. Highlights from the PHENIX experiment

Author

Abdulameer, N.J., Acharya, U., Adare, A., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N.N., Akiba, Y., Akimoto, R., Al-Ta'Ani, H., Alexander, J., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Angerami, A., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Aramaki, Y., Asano, H., Aschenauer, E.C., Atomssa, E.T., Awes, T.C., Ayuso, C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bai, X., Bandara, N.S., Bannier, B., Barish, K.N., Bassalleck, B., Bathe, S., Baublis, V., Baumann, C., Baumgart, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Beckman, S., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bichon, L., Black, D., Blankenship, B., Blau, D.S., Boer, M., Bok, J.S., Borisov, V., Boyle, K., Brooks, M.L., Bryslawskyj, J., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Butler, C., Butsyk, S., Campbell, S., Canoa Roman, V., Castera, P., Cervantes, R., Chen, C.-H., Chiu, M., Chi, C.Y., Choi, I.J., Choi, J.B., Choi, S., Choudhury, R.K., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Chvala, O., Cianciolo, V., Citron, Z., Cole, B.A., Connors, M., Corliss, R., Corrales Morales, Y., Cronin, N., Crossette, N., Csanád, M., Csörgo, T., d'Orazio, L., Liu, L.D., Dairaku, S., Danley, T.W., Datta, A., Daugherity, M.S., David, G., Dean, C.T., Deblasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Dharmawardane, K.V., Dietzsch, O., Ding, L., Dion, A., Diss, P.B., Dixit, D., Donadelli, M., Doomra, V., Do, J.H., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K.A., Dumancic, M., Durham, J.M., Durum, A., Edwards, S., Efremenko, Y.V., Elder, T., En'Yo, H., Engelmore, T., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Eyser, K.O., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D.E., Finger, M., Firak, D., Fitzgerald, D., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S.L., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Frawley, A.D., Fukao, Y., Fukuda, Y., Fusayasu, T., Gainey, K., Gallus, P., Gal, C., Garg, P., Garishvili, A., Garishvili, I., Ge, H., Giles, M., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Gong, X., Gonin, M., Goto, Y., Granier de Cassagnac, R., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Gunji, T., Guo, L., Guragain, H., Gustafsson, H.-A., Gu, Y., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J.S., Hahn, K.I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H.F., Hanks, J., Han, S.Y., Harvey, M., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T.O.S., Hashimoto, K., Haslum, E., Hayano, R., Hemmick, T.K., Hester, T., He, X., Hill, J.C., Hill, K., Hodges, A., Hollis, R.S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Horaguchi, T., Hori, Y., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Ichihara, T., Iinuma, H., Ikeda, Y., Imai, K., Imazu, Y., Imrek, J., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Isinhue, A., Issah, M., Ito, Y., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B.V., Javani, M., Jeon, S.J., Jezghani, M., Jiang, X., Ji, Z., Johnson, B.M., Joo, E., Joo, K.S., Jorjadze, V., Jouan, D., Jumper, D.S., Kamin, J., Kanda, S., Kaneti, S., Kang, B.H., Kang, J.H., Kang, J.S., Kapukchyan, D., Kapustinsky, J., Karatsu, K., Karthas, S., Kasai, M., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A.V., Kempel, T., Key, J.A., Khachatryan, V., Khandai, P.K., Khanzadeev, A., Khatiwada, A., Kihara, K., Kijima, K.M., Kimelman, B., Kim, B.I., Kim, C., Kim, D.H., Kim, D.J., Kim, E.-J., Kim, G.W., Kim, H.-J., Kim, H.J., Kim, K.-B., Kim, M., Kim, M.H., Kim, T., Kim, Y.-J., Kim, Y.K., Kincses, D., Kingan, A., Kinney, E., Kiss, A., Kistenev, E., Kitamura, R., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kofarago, M., Komatsu, Y., Komkov, B., Koster, J., Kotchetkov, D., Kotov, D., Kovacs, L., Krizek, F., Král, A., Kudo, S., Kunde, G.J., Kurgyis, B., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Kyle, G.S., Lai, Y.S., Lajoie, J.G., Lallow, E.O., Larionova, D., Lebedev, A., Lee, B., Lee, D.M., Lee, G.H., Lee, J., Lee, K.B., Lee, K.S., Lee, S., Lee, S.H., Lee, S.R., Leitch, M.J., Leite, M.A.L., Leitgab, M., Leung, Y.H., Lewis, B., Lewis, N.A., Lim, S.H., Linden Levy, L.A., Liu, M.X., Li, X., Loggins, V.-R., Loomis, D.A., Lovasz, K., Love, B., Lynch, D., Lökös, S., Maguire, C.F., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y.I., Makek, M., Malaev, M., Manion, A., Manko, V.I., Mannel, E., Masuda, H., Masumoto, S., Mccumber, M., Mcgaughey, P.L., Mcglinchey, D., Mckinney, C., Meles, A., Mendoza, M., Meredith, B., Miake, Y., Mibe, T., Mignerey, A.C., Mihalik, D.E., Miller, A.J., Milov, A., Mishra, D.K., Mitchell, J.T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Mitsuka, G., Miyachi, Y., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A.K., Mohapatra, S., Mondal, M.M., Montuenga, P., Moon, H.J., Moon, T., Morrison, D.P., Morrow, S.I., Moskowitz, M., Motschwiller, S., Moukhanova, T.V., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagae, T., Nagai, K., Nagamiya, S., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J.L., Nagy, M.I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakamiya, Y., Nakamura, K.R., Nakamura, T., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Nederlof, A., Nelson, S., Netrakanti, P.K., Nihashi, M., Niida, T., Nishimura, S., Nouicer, R., Novitzky, N., Novotny, R., Novák, T., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A.S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C.A., Oide, H., Okada, K., Orjuela Koop, J.D., Orosz, M., Osborn, J.D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G.J., Ouchida, M., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, B.H., Park, I.H., Park, J.S., Park, S., Park, S.K., Patel, L., Patel, M., Pate, S.F., Pei, H., Peng, J.-C., Peng, W., Pereira, H., Perepelitsa, D.V., Perera, G.D.N., Peressounko, D.Yu., Perezlara, C.E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pinson, R., Pisani, R.P., Potekhin, M., Proissl, M., Pun, A., Purschke, M.L., Qu, H., Radzevich, P.V., Rak, J., Ramasubramanian, N., Ramson, B.J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K.F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richardson, E., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Riveli, N., Roach, D., Roche, G., Rolnick, S.D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Rubin, J.G., Runchey, J., Ryu, M.S., Safonov, A.S., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sano, M., Sarsour, M., Sato, K., Sato, S., Sawada, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B.K., Sedgwick, K., Seele, J., Seidl, R., Sekiguchi, Y., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shaver, A., Shein, I., Shibata, M., Shibata, T.-A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shi, Z., Shoji, K., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C.L., Silvermyr, D., Sim, K.S., Singh, B.K., Singh, C.P., Singh, V., Skolnik, M., Slunečka, M., Smith, K.L., Snowball, M., Solano, S., Soltz, R.A., Sondheim, W.E., Sorensen, S.P., Sourikova, I.V., Stankus, P.W., Steinberg, P., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stoll, S.P., Stone, M.R., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Syed, S., Sziklai, J., Takagui, E.M., Takahama, R., Takahara, A., Takeda, A., Taketani, A., Tanaka, Y., Taneja, S., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M.J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tennant, E., Themann, H., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, L., Tomášek, M., Torii, H., Towell, C.L., Towell, M., Towell, R., Towell, R.S., Tserruya, I., Tsuchimoto, Y., Tsuji, T., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., Vale, C., van Hecke, H.W., Vargyas, M., Vazquez-Carson, S., Vazquez-Zambrano, E., Veicht, A., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vossen, A., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Vznuzdaev, E., Vértesi, R., Wang, X.R., Wang, Z., Watanabe, D., Watanabe, K., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y.S., Wei, F., Wei, R., Whitaker, S., White, A.S., White, S.N., Winter, D., Wolin, S., Wong, C.P., Woody, C.L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xue, L., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y.L., Yamamoto, H., Yang, R., Yanovich, A., Ying, J., Yin, P., Yokkaichi, S., Yoon, I., Yoo, J.H., Younus, I., You, Z., Yushmanov, I.E., Yu, H., Zajc, W.A., Zelenski, A., Zhou, S., Zou, L., Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PHENIX

Subjects
electron, charmonium, Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], direct photon, d+au, High Energy Physics::Lattice, energy loss, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, quarkonium: production, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], raa, bottom, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), φ, correlations, jet, heavy quark, heavy flavor, structure, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, J/Ψ, quark gluon: plasma, modification, qm22, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, scaling, centrality, matter: effect, PHENIX, thermal photon, nuclear, statistics, small systems, flow, correlation, strange, High Energy Physics::Experiment, hadron, elliptic, π0, charm, p+au, 3he+au
Abstract

PHENIX has performed an extensive study on the evolution of medium effects from small to large systems. PHENIX has continued searching for Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in small systems by measuring collectivity, modification of light hadron and quarkonia production, and jet substructure. In large systems, detailed studies on the property of the QGP have been done using direct photon, $\pi^{0}$-hadron correlation, heavy-flavor electron, and $J/\psi$ flow with a large statistics of data collected in 2014. This report covers new results from the PHENIX experiment in various collision systems., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, Quark Matter 2022 proceedings

Published
2022
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4. Measurement of jet-medium interactions via direct photon-hadron correlations in <math><mrow><mi>Au</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Au</mi></mrow></math> and <math><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Au</mi></mrow></math> collisions at <math><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>200</mn></mrow></math> GeV

Author

Acharya, U., Adare, A., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N.N., Akiba, Y., Akimoto, R., Al-Bataineh, H., Alexander, J., Al-Ta'ani, H., Angerami, A., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Aramaki, Y., Asano, H., Aschenauer, E.C., Atomssa, E.T., Averbeck, R., Awes, T.C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Baksay, G., Baksay, L., Bannier, B., Barish, K.N., Bassalleck, B., Basye, A.T., Bathe, S., Baublis, V., Baumann, C., Baumgart, S., Bazilevsky, A., Belikov, S., Belmont, R., Bennett, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bhom, J.H., Bichon, L., Bickley, A.A., Black, D., Blankenship, B., Blau, D.S., Bok, J.S., Borisov, V., Boyle, K., Brooks, M.L., Bryslawskyj, J., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Bunce, G., Butsyk, S., Camacho, C.M., Campbell, S., Canoa Roman, V., Caringi, A., Castera, P., Chen, C.H., Chi, C.Y., Chiu, M., Choi, I.J., Choi, J.B., Choi, S., Choudhury, R.K., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Chung, P., Chvala, O., Cianciolo, V., Citron, Z., Cole, B.A., Conesa del Valle, Z., Connors, M., Constantin, P., Cronin, N., Crossette, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Dahms, T., Dairaku, S., Danchev, I., Das, K., Datta, A., Daugherity, M.S., David, G., Dayananda, M.K., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Dharmawardane, K.V., Dietzsch, O., Ding, L., Dion, A., Do, J.H., Donadelli, M., D'Orazio, L., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K.A., Durham, J.M., Durum, A., Dutta, D., Edwards, S., Efremenko, Y.V., Ellinghaus, F., Engelmore, T., Enokizono, A., En'yo, H., Esha, R., Esumi, S., Eyser, K.O., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Fields, D.E., Finger, M., Firak, D., Fitzgerald, D., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S.L., Fraenkel, Z., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Frawley, A.D., Fujiwara, K., Fukao, Y., Fusayasu, T., Gainey, K., Gal, C., Garg, P., Garishvili, A., Garishvili, I., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Gong, H., Gong, X., Gonin, M., Goto, Y., Granier de Cassagnac, R., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grim, G., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Gu, Y., Gunji, T., Guo, L., Gustafsson, H.-Å., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J.S., Hahn, K.I., Hamagaki, H., Hamblen, J., Han, R., Han, S.Y., Hanks, J., Hartouni, E.P., Hasegawa, S., Hashimoto, K., Haslum, E., Hayano, R., Hayashi, S., He, X., Heffner, M., Hemmick, T.K., Hester, T., Hill, J.C., Hodges, A., Hohlmann, M., Hollis, R.S., Holzmann, W., Homma, K., Hong, B., Horaguchi, T., Hori, Y., Hornback, D., Huang, J., Huang, S., Ichihara, T., Ichimiya, R., Ide, J., Iinuma, H., Ikeda, Y., Imai, K., Imazu, Y., Imrek, J., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ishihara, M., Isinhue, A., Isobe, T., Issah, M., Isupov, A., Ivanishchev, D., Iwanaga, Y., Jacak, B.V., Javani, M., Ji, Z., Jia, J., Jiang, X., Jin, J., Johnson, B.M., Jones, T., Joo, K.S., Jouan, D., Jumper, D.S., Kajihara, F., Kametani, S., Kamihara, N., Kamin, J., Kaneti, S., Kang, B.H., Kang, J.H., Kang, J.S., Kapustinsky, J., Karatsu, K., Kasai, M., Kawall, D., Kawashima, M., Kazantsev, A.V., Kempel, T., Key, J.A., Khachatryan, V., Khandai, P.K., Khanzadeev, A., Khatiwada, A., Kijima, K.M., Kikuchi, J., Kim, A., Kim, B.I., Kim, C., Kim, D.H., Kim, D.J., Kim, E., Kim, E.J., Kim, H.J., Kim, K.B., Kim, S.H., Kim, Y.J., Kim, Y.K., Kincses, D., Kinney, E., Kiriluk, K., Kiss, Á., Kistenev, E., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Kochenda, L., Komatsu, Y., Komkov, B., Konno, M., Koster, J., Kotchetkov, D., Kotov, D., Kozlov, A., Král, A., Kravitz, A., Krizek, F., Kunde, G.J., Kurgyis, B., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Kyle, G.S., Lacey, R., Lai, Y.S., Lajoie, J.G., Larionova, D., Larionova, M., Lebedev, A., Lee, B., Lee, D.M., Lee, J., Lee, K., Lee, K.B., Lee, K.S., Lee, S.H., Lee, S.R., Leitch, M.J., Leite, M.A.L., Leitgab, M., Leitner, E., Lenzi, B., Lewis, B., Lewis, N.A., Li, X., Lichtenwalner, P., Liebing, P., Lim, S.H., Linden Levy, L.A., Liška, T., Litvinenko, A., Liu, H., Liu, M.X., Lökös, S., Love, B., Luechtenborg, R., Lynch, D., Maguire, C.F., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y.I., Makek, M., Malakhov, A., Malik, M.D., Manion, A., Manko, V.I., Mannel, E., Mao, Y., Masui, H., Masumoto, S., Matathias, F., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P.L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Means, N., Meles, A., Mendoza, M., Meredith, B., Metzger, W.J., Miake, Y., Mibe, T., Midori, J., Mignerey, A.C., Mikeš, P., Miki, K., Milov, A., Mishra, D.K., Mishra, M., Mitchell, J.T., Mitrankov, Iu., Miyachi, Y., Miyasaka, S., Mohanty, A.K., Mohapatra, S., Moon, H.J., Moon, T., Morino, Y., Morreale, A., Morrison, D.P., Morrow, S.I., Moskowitz, M., Motschwiller, S., Moukhanova, T.V., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagae, T., Nagamiya, S., Nagle, J.L., Naglis, M., Nagy, M.I., Nakagawa, I., Nakamiya, Y., Nakamura, K.R., Nakamura, T., Nakano, K., Nam, S., Nattrass, C., Nederlof, A., Nelson, S., Netrakanti, P.K., Newby, J., Nguyen, M., Nihashi, M., Niida, T., Nouicer, R., Novitzky, N., Nukariya, A., Nyanin, A.S., Oakley, C., Obayashi, H., O'Brien, E., Oda, S.X., Ogilvie, C.A., Oka, M., Okada, K., Onuki, Y., Osborn, J.D., Oskarsson, A., Ouchida, M., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, B.H., Park, I.H., Park, J., Park, S., Park, S.K., Park, W.J., Pate, S.F., Patel, L., Patel, M., Pei, H., Peng, J.C., Peng, W., Pereira, H., Perepelitsa, D.V., Peresedov, V., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C.E., Petti, R., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R.P., Potekhin, M., Proissl, M., Pun, A., Purschke, M.L., Purwar, A.K., Qu, H., Radzevich, P.V., Rak, J., Rakotozafindrabe, A., Ramasubramanian, N., Ravinovich, I., Read, K.F., Rembeczki, S., Reygers, K., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richardson, E., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Riveli, N., Roach, D., Roche, G., Rolnick, S.D., Rosati, M., Rosen, C.A., Rosendahl, S.S.E., Rosnet, P., Rukoyatkin, P., Runchey, J., Ružička, P., Ryu, M.S., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sakashita, K., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sano, M., Sano, S., Sarsour, M., Sato, S., Sato, T., Sawada, S., Sedgwick, K., Seele, J., Seidl, R., Semenov, A. Yu., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T.A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shoji, K., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C.L., Silvermyr, D., Silvestre, C., Sim, K.S., Singh, B.K., Singh, C.P., Singh, V., Skolnik, M., Slunečka, M., Smith, K.L., Solano, S., Soltz, R.A., Sondheim, W.E., Sorensen, S.P., Sourikova, I.V., Sparks, N.A., Stankus, P.W., Steinberg, P., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stoll, S.P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sun, J., Sun, X., Sun, Z., Sziklai, J., Takagui, E.M., Takahara, A., Taketani, A., Tanabe, R., Tanaka, Y., Taneja, S., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M.J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarján, P., Tennant, E., Themann, H., Thomas, D., Thomas, T.L., Todoroki, T., Togawa, M., Toia, A., Tomášek, L., Tomášek, M., Torii, H., Towell, R.S., Tserruya, I., Tsuchimoto, Y., Tsuji, T., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., Vale, C., Valle, H., van Hecke, H.W., Vargyas, M., Vazquez-Zambrano, E., Veicht, A., Velkovska, J., Vértesi, R., Vinogradov, A.A., Virius, M., Voas, B., Vossen, A., Vrba, V., Vznuzdaev, E., Wang, X.R., Watanabe, D., Watanabe, K., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y.S., Wei, F., Wei, R., Wessels, J., Whitaker, S., White, S.N., Winter, D., Wolin, S., Wong, C.P., Wood, J.P., Woody, C.L., Wright, R.M., Wu, Y., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xie, W., Xu, Q., Yamaguchi, Y.L., Yamaura, K., Yang, R., Yanovich, A., Ying, J., Yokkaichi, S., Yoon, I., You, Z., Young, G.R., Younus, I., Yushmanov, I.E., Zajc, W.A., Zelenski, A., Zhai, Y., Zhang, C., Zharko, S., Zhou, S., Zolin, L., and Zou, L.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Computer Science::Digital Libraries
Abstract

We present direct photon-hadron correlations in 200 GeV/A Au+Au, d+Au, and p+p collisions, for direct photon pT from 5–12 GeV/c, collected by the PHENIX Collaboration in the years from 2006 to 2011. We observe no significant modification of jet fragmentation in d+Au collisions, indicating that cold nuclear matter effects are small or absent. Hadrons carrying a large fraction of the quark's momentum are suppressed in Au+Au compared to p+p and d+Au. As the momentum fraction decreases, the yield of hadrons in Au+Au increases to an excess over the yield in p+p collisions. The excess is at large angles and at low hadron pT and is most pronounced for hadrons associated with lower momentum direct photons. Comparison to theoretical calculations suggests that the hadron excess arises from medium response to energy deposited by jets.

Published
2020

5. Measurement of <math><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math> at forward and backward rapidity in <math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>p</mi></mrow></math>, <math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Al</mi></mrow></math>, <math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Au</mi></mrow></math>, and <math><mrow><mmultiscripts><mi>He</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>3</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>+</mo><mi>Au</mi></mrow></math> collisions at <math><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>200</mn></mrow></math> GeV

Author

Acharya, U., Adare, A., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N.N., Akiba, Y., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bandara, N.S., Bannier, B., Barish, K.N., Bathe, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Beckman, S., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Blau, D.S., Boer, M., Bok, J.S., Boyle, K., Brooks, M.L., Bryslawskyj, J., Bumazhnov, V., Campbell, S., Canoa Roman, V., Cervantes, R., Chen, C.H., Chi, C.Y., Chiu, M., Choi, I.J., Choi, J.B., Chujo, T., Citron, Z., Connors, M., Cronin, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Danley, T.W., Datta, A., Daugherity, M.S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Dion, A., Diss, P.B., Dixit, D., Do, J.H., Drees, A., Drees, K.A., Durham, J.M., Durum, A., Enokizono, A., En'yo, H., Esha, R., Esumi, S., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D.E., Finger, M., Fitzgerald, D., Fokin, S.L., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Frawley, A.D., Fukuda, Y., Gal, C., Gallus, P., Gamez, E.A., Garg, P., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Goto, Y., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Gunji, T., Guragain, H., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J.S., Hahn, K.I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H.F., Han, S.Y., Hanks, J., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T.O.S., Hashimoto, K., He, X., Hemmick, T.K., Hill, J.C., Hill, K., Hodges, A., Hollis, R.S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Huang, S., Imai, K., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ishimaru, S., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B.V., Jezghani, M., Ji, Z., Jia, J., Jiang, X., Johnson, B.M., Jouan, D., Jumper, D.S., Kanda, S., Kang, J.H., Kapukchyan, D., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A.V., Key, J.A., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Khatiwada, A., Kim, C., Kim, D.J., Kim, E.J., Kim, G.W., Kim, M., Kimelman, B., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Kitamura, R., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Komkov, B., Kotov, D., Kudo, S., Kurgyis, B., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Lacey, R., Lajoie, J.G., Lebedev, A., Lee, S., Lee, S.H., Leitch, M.J., Leung, Y.H., Lewis, N.A., Li, X., Lim, S.H., Liu, M.X., Loggins, V.R., Lökös, S., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y.I., Makek, M., Manion, A., Manko, V.I., Mannel, E., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P.L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Meles, A., Mendoza, M., Metzger, W.J., Mignerey, A.C., Mihalik, D.E., Milov, A., Mishra, D.K., Mitchell, J.T., Mitrankov, Iu., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A.K., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D.P., Morrow, S.I., Moukhanova, T.V., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagai, K., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J.L., Nagy, M.I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Nelson, S., Netrakanti, P.K., Niida, T., Nishimura, S., Nishitani, R., Nouicer, R., Novák, T., Novitzky, N., Nyanin, A.S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C.A., Orjuela Koop, J.D., Osborn, J.D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G.J., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J.S., Park, S., Pate, S.F., Patel, M., Peng, J.C., Peng, W., Perepelitsa, D.V., Perera, G.D.N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C.E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pinson, R., Pisani, R.P., Potekhin, M., Pun, A., Purschke, M.L., Radzevich, P.V., Rak, J., Ramasubramanian, N., Ramson, B.J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K.F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Rolnick, S.D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Rubin, J.G., Runchey, J., Safonov, A.S., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, S., Scarlett, C.Y., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B.K., Sedgwick, K., Seidl, R., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T.A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C.L., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B.K., Singh, C.P., Singh, V., Skoby, M.J., Slunečka, M., Smith, K.L., Snowball, M., Soltz, R.A., Sondheim, W.E., Sorensen, S.P., Sourikova, I.V., Stankus, P.W., Stepanov, M., Stoll, S.P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, X., Sun, Z., Suzuki, S., Sziklai, J., Taketani, A., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M.J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Towell, C.L., Towell, R., Towell, R.S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H.W., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Wang, X.R., Wang, Z., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y.S., Wei, F., White, A.S., Wong, C.P., Woody, C.L., Wu, Y., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Xue, L., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y.L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yoo, J.H., Yoon, I., Yu, H., Yushmanov, I.E., Zajc, W.A., Zelenski, A., Zhai, Y., Zharko, S., Zhou, S., and Zou, L.

Abstract

Charmonium is a valuable probe in heavy-ion collisions to study the properties of the quark gluon plasma, and is also an interesting probe in small collision systems to study cold nuclear matter effects, which are also present in large collision systems. With the recent observations of collective behavior of produced particles in small system collisions, measurements of the modification of charmonium in small systems have become increasingly relevant. We present the results of J/ψ measurements at forward and backward rapidity in various small collision systems, p+p, p+Al, p+Au, and He3+Au, at sNN=200 GeV. The results are presented in the form of the observable RAB, the nuclear modification factor, a measure of the ratio of the J/ψ invariant yield compared to the scaled yield in p+p collisions. We examine the rapidity, transverse momentum, and collision centrality dependence of nuclear effects on J/ψ production with different projectile sizes p and He3, and different target sizes Al and Au. The modification is found to be strongly dependent on the target size, but to be very similar for p+Au and He3+Au. However, for 0%–20% central collisions at backward rapidity, the modification factor for He3+Au is found to be smaller than that for p+Au, with a mean fit to the ratio of 0.89±0.03(stat)±0.08(syst), possibly indicating final state effects due to the larger projectile size.

Published
2020

6. Nuclear-modification factor of charged hadrons at forward and backward rapidity in <math><mi>p</mi></math> <math><mo>+</mo></math> <math><mi>Al</mi></math> and <math><mi>p</mi></math> <math><mo>+</mo></math> <math><mi>Au</mi></math> collisions at <math><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>200</mn><mspace width='0.16em'></mspace><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math>

Author

Aidala, C., Akiba, Y., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bandara, N.S., Barish, K.N., Bathe, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Blau, D.S., Bok, J.S., Brooks, M.L., Bryslawskyj, J., Bumazhnov, V., Campbell, S., Canoa Roman, V., Cervantes, R., Chi, C.Y., Chiu, M., Choi, I.J., Choi, J.B., Citron, Z., Connors, M., Cronin, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Danley, T.W., Daugherity, M.S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Dion, A., Dixit, D., Do, J.H., Drees, A., Drees, K.A., Durham, J.M., Durum, A., Enokizono, A., En'yo, H., Esumi, S., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D.E., Finger, M., Fokin, S.L., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Frawley, A.D., Fukuda, Y., Gal, C., Gallus, P., Gamez, E.A., Garg, P., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Goto, Y., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Gunji, T., Guragain, H., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J.S., Hahn, K.I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H.F., Han, S.Y., Hanks, J., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T.O.S., He, X., Hemmick, T.K., Hill, J.C., Hill, K., Hodges, A., Hollis, R.S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Huang, S., Imai, K., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ishimaru, S., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B.V., Jezghani, M., Ji, Z., Jiang, X., Johnson, B.M., Jouan, D., Jumper, D.S., Kang, J.H., Kapukchyan, D., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A.V., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Khatiwada, A., Kim, C., Kim, E.J., Kim, M., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Klatsky, J., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kotov, D., Kudo, S., Kurgyis, B., Kurita, K., Kwon, Y., Lajoie, J.G., Lebedev, A., Lee, S., Lee, S.H., Leitch, M.J., Leung, Y.H., Lewis, N.A., Li, X., Lim, S.H., Liu, M.X., Loggins, V.R., Lökös, S., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y.I., Makek, M., Manko, V.I., Mannel, E., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P.L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Mendoza, M., Metzger, W.J., Mignerey, A.C., Milov, A., Mishra, D.K., Mitchell, J.T., Mitrankov, Iu., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D.P., Morrow, S.I., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Nagai, K., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J.L., Nagy, M.I., Nakagawa, I., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Nelson, S., Niida, T., Nishitani, R., Nouicer, R., Novák, T., Novitzky, N., Nyanin, A.S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C.A., Orjuela Koop, J.D., Osborn, J.D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G.J., Ozawa, K., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J.S., Park, S., Pate, S.F., Patel, M., Peng, W., Perepelitsa, D.V., Perera, G.D.N., Peressounko, D.Yu., PerezLara, C.E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R.P., Pun, A., Purschke, M.L., Radzevich, P.V., Read, K.F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Rolnick, S.D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Runchey, J., Safonov, A.S., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, S., Scarlett, C.Y., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B.K., Sedgwick, K., Seidl, R., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T.A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C.L., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B.K., Singh, C.P., Singh, V., Skoby, M.J., Slunečka, M., Smith, K.L., Snowball, M., Soltz, R.A., Sondheim, W.E., Sorensen, S.P., Sourikova, I.V., Stankus, P.W., Stoll, S.P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Suzuki, S., Sziklai, J., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M.J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Towell, C.L., Towell, R.S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H.W., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Wang, X.R., Wang, Z., Watanabe, Y.S., Wong, C.P., Woody, C.L., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Xue, L., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y.L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yoo, J.H., Yoon, I., Yu, H., Yushmanov, I.E., Zajc, W.A., Zelenski, A., Zhai, Y., Zharko, S., and Zou, L.

Abstract

The PHENIX experiment has studied nuclear effects in p+Al and p+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV on charged hadron production at forward rapidity (1.4<η<2.4, p-going direction) and backward rapidity (−2.2<η<−1.2, A-going direction). Such effects are quantified by measuring nuclear modification factors as a function of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity in various collision multiplicity selections. In central p+Al and p+Au collisions, a suppression (enhancement) is observed at forward (backward) rapidity compared to the binary scaled yields in p+p collisions. The magnitude of enhancement at backward rapidity is larger in p+Au collisions than in p+Al collisions, which have a smaller number of participating nucleons. However, the results at forward rapidity show a similar suppression within uncertainties. The results in the integrated centrality are compared with calculations using nuclear parton distribution functions, which show a reasonable agreement at the forward rapidity but fail to describe the backward rapidity enhancement.

Published
2020

7. Dissolution testing of modified release products with biorelevant media: An OrBiTo ring study using the USP apparatus III and IV

Author

Reppas, C. Vrettos, N.-N. Dressman, J. Andreas, C.J. Miyaji, Y. Brown, J. Etherson, K. Hanley, S. Karkossa, F. Karlsson, E. Klein, S. Maier, G.-M. McAllister, M. Mistry, N. Rosenblatt, K. Schäfer, K.J. Smith, K.L. Tomaszewska, I. Williams, J. Winge, F. Vertzoni, M.

Abstract

During the OrBiTo project, our knowledge on the gastrointestinal environment has improved substantially and biorelevant media composition have been refined. The aim of this study was to propose optimized biorelevant testing conditions for modified release products, to evaluate the reproducibility of the optimized compendial apparatus III (USP apparatus III) and compendial apparatus IV (USP apparatus IV, open-loop mode) dissolution methods and to evaluate the usefulness of these methods to forecast the direction of food effects, if any, based on the results of two «ring» studies and by using two model modified release (MR) products, Ciproxin / Cipro XR and COREG CR. Six OrBiTo partners participated in each of the ring studies. All laboratories were provided with standard protocols, pure drug substance, and dose units. For the USP apparatus III, the dissolution methods applied to Ciproxin / Cipro XR, a monolithic MR product of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with moderate aqueous solubility, were robust with low intra- and inter-laboratory data variability. Data from all partners were in line on a qualitative basis with food effect data in humans. For the USP apparatus IV, the dissolution methods applied to COREG CR, a multiparticulate, pH dependent, MR product of an API with low and pH dependent solubility led to high intra- and inter- laboratory data variability. Data from all partners were in line, on a qualitative basis, with the previously observed food effects in humans. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2020

8. Nonperturbative-transverse-momentum broadening in dihadron angular correlations in <math><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>200</mn><mspace width='0.16em'></mspace><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math> proton-nucleus collisions

Author

Aidala, C., Akiba, Y., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bandara, N.S., Barish, K.N., Bathe, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Blau, D.S., Boer, M., Bok, J.S., Brooks, M.L., Bryslawskyj, J., Bumazhnov, V., Campbell, S., Canoa Roman, V., Cervantes, R., Chi, C.Y., Chiu, M., Choi, I.J., Choi, J.B., Citron, Z., Connors, M., Cronin, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Danley, T.W., Daugherity, M.S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Dion, A., Dixit, D., Do, J.H., Drees, A., Drees, K.A., Durham, J.M., Durum, A., Enokizono, A., En'yo, H., Esumi, S., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D.E., Finger, M., Fokin, S.L., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Frawley, A.D., Fukuda, Y., Gal, C., Gallus, P., Garg, P., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Goto, Y., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Gunji, T., Guragain, H., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J.S., Hahn, K.I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H.F., Han, S.Y., Hanks, J., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T.O.S., He, X., Hemmick, T.K., Hill, J.C., Hill, K., Hodges, A., Hollis, R.S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Huang, S., Imai, K., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B.V., Jezghani, M., Ji, Z., Jiang, X., Johnson, B.M., Jouan, D., Jumper, D.S., Kang, J.H., Kapukchyan, D., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A.V., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Kim, C., Kim, E.J., Kim, M., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Klatsky, J., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kotov, D., Kudo, S., Kurgyis, B., Kurita, K., Kwon, Y., Lajoie, J.G., Lebedev, A., Lee, S., Lee, S.H., Leitch, M.J., Leung, Y.H., Lewis, N.A., Li, X., Lim, S.H., Liu, M.X., Loggins, V.R., Lökös, S., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y.I., Makek, M., Manko, V.I., Mannel, E., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P.L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Mendoza, M., Metzger, W.J., Mignerey, A.C., Mihalik, D.E., Milov, A., Mishra, D.K., Mitchell, J.T., Mitrankov, I., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D.P., Morrow, S.I., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Nagai, K., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J.L., Nagy, M.I., Nakagawa, I., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Niida, T., Nishitani, R., Nouicer, R., Novák, T., Novitzky, N., Nyanin, A.S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C.A., Orjuela Koop, J.D., Osborn, J.D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G.J., Ozawa, K., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J.S., Park, S., Pate, S.F., Patel, M., Peng, W., Perepelitsa, D.V., Perera, G.D.N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C.E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R.P., Pun, A., Purschke, M.L., Radzevich, P.V., Read, K.F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Rolnick, S.D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Runchey, J., Safonov, A.S., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B.K., Sedgwick, K., Seidl, R., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T.A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C.L., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B.K., Singh, C.P., Singh, V., Skoby, M.J., Slunečka, M., Smith, K.L., Snowball, M., Soltz, R.A., Sondheim, W.E., Sorensen, S.P., Sourikova, I.V., Stankus, P.W., Stoll, S.P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Suzuki, S., Sziklai, J., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M.J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Towell, C.L., Towell, R.S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H.W., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Wang, X.R., Wang, Z., Watanabe, Y.S., Wong, C.P., Woody, C.L., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Xue, L., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y.L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yoo, J.H., Yoon, I., Yu, H., Yushmanov, I.E., Zajc, W.A., Zelenski, A., Zharko, S., and Zou, L.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Computer Science::Digital Libraries
Abstract

The PHENIX collaboration has measured high-pT dihadron correlations in p+p, p+Al, and p+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The correlations arise from inter- and intrajet correlations and thus have sensitivity to nonperturbative effects in both the initial and final states. The distributions of pout, the transverse-momentum component of the associated hadron perpendicular to the trigger hadron, are sensitive to initial- and final-state transverse momenta. These distributions are measured multidifferentially as a function of xE, the longitudinal momentum fraction of the associated hadron with respect to the trigger hadron. The near-side pout widths, sensitive to fragmentation transverse momentum, show no significant broadening between p+Au, p+Al, and p+p. The away-side nonperturbative pout widths are found to be broadened in p+Au when compared to p+p; however, there is no significant broadening in p+Al compared to p+p collisions. The data also suggest that the away-side pout broadening is a function of Ncoll, the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions, in the interaction. The potential implications of these results with regard to initial- and final-state transverse-momentum broadening and energy loss of partons in a nucleus, among other nuclear effects, are discussed.

Published
2019

9. Nuclear Dependence of the Transverse-Single-Spin Asymmetry for Forward Neutron Production in Polarized $p+A$ Collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$

Author

Aidala, C., Akiba, Y., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Ayuso, C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bagoly, A., Bandara, N.S., Barish, K.N., Bathe, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Blau, D.S., Boer, M., Bok, J.S., Brooks, M.L., Bryslawskyj, J., Bumazhnov, V., Butler, C., Campbell, S., Canoa Roman, V., Cervantes, R., Chi, C.Y., Chiu, M., Choi, I.J., Choi, J.B., Citron, Z., Connors, M., Cronin, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Danley, T.W., Daugherity, M.S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Dion, A., Dixit, D., Do, J.H., Drees, A., Drees, K.A., Dumancic, M., Durham, J.M., Durum, A., Elder, T., Enokizono, A., En'Yo, H., Esumi, S., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D.E., Finger, M., Fokin, S.L., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Frawley, A.D., Fukuda, Y., Gal, C., Gallus, P., Garg, P., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Goto, Y., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Gunji, T., Guragain, H., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J.S., Hahn, K.I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H.F., Han, S.Y., Hanks, J., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T.O.S., He, X., Hemmick, T.K., Hill, J.C., Hill, K., Hollis, R.S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Huang, S., Imai, K., Imrek, J., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ito, Y., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B.V., Jezghani, M., Ji, Z., Jiang, X., Johnson, B.M., Jorjadze, V., Jouan, D., Jumper, D.S., Kang, J.H., Kapukchyan, D., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A.V., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Kim, C., Kim, D.J., Kim, E.-J., Kim, M.H., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Klatsky, J., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kotov, D., Kudo, S., Kurita, K., Kwon, Y., Lajoie, J.G., Lallow, E.O., Lebedev, A., Lee, S., Leitch, M.J., Leung, Y.H., Lewis, N.A., Li, X., Lim, S.H., Liu, L.D., Liu, M.X., Loggins, V.-R., Lokos, S., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y.I., Makek, M., Malaev, M., Manko, V.I., Mannel, E., Masuda, H., Mccumber, M., McGaughey, P.L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Mendoza, M., Metzger, W.J., Mignerey, A.C., Mihalik, D.E., Milov, A., Mishra, D.K., Mitchell, J.T., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D.P., Morrow, S.I.M., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Nagai, K., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J.L., Nagy, M.I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Niida, T., Nouicer, R., Novák, T., Novitzky, N., Novotny, R., Nyanin, A.S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C.A., Koop, Orjuela, Osborn, J.D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G.J., Ozawa, K., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J.S., Park, S., Pate, S.F., Patel, M., Peng, W., Perepelitsa, D.V., Perera, G.D.N., Peressounko, D.Yu., PerezLara, C.E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R.P., Pun, A., Purschke, M.L., Radzevich, P.V., Read, K.F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Rolnick, S.D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Runchey, J., Safonov, A.S., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, K., Sato, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B.K., Sedgwick, K., Seidl, R., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T.-A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C.L., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B.K., Singh, C.P., Singh, V., Skoby, M.J., Slunečka, M., Smith, K.L., Snowball, M., Soltz, R.A., Sondheim, W.E., Sorensen, S.P., Sourikova, I.V., Stankus, P.W., Stoll, S.P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Syed, S., Sziklai, J., Takeda, A, Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M.J., Tarafdar, S., Tarnai, G., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Towell, C.L., Towell, R.S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., Van Hecke, H.W., Vazquez-Carson, S., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Wang, X.R., Wang, Z., Watanabe, Y.S., Wong, C.P., Woody, C.L., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Xue, L., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y.L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yin, P., Yoo, J.H., Yoon, I., Yu, H., Yushmanov, I.E., Zajc, W.A., Zelenski, A., Zharko, S., Zou, L., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), PHENIX, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
p: polarized beam, p nucleus: interaction, gold, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], nucleus: heavy, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], aluminum, 200 GeV-cms/nucleon, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], n: production, [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment, spin: asymmetry, Brookhaven RHIC Coll, experimental results
Abstract

International audience; During 2015, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) provided collisions of transversely polarized protons with Au and Al nuclei for the first time, enabling the exploration of transverse-single-spin asymmetries with heavy nuclei. Large single-spin asymmetries in very forward neutron production have been previously observed in transversely polarized p+p collisions at RHIC, and the existing theoretical framework that was successful in describing the single-spin asymmetry in p+p collisions predicts only a moderate atomic-mass-number (A) dependence. In contrast, the asymmetries observed at RHIC in p+A collisions showed a surprisingly strong A dependence in inclusive forward neutron production. The observed asymmetry in p+Al collisions is much smaller, while the asymmetry in p+Au collisions is a factor of 3 larger in absolute value and of opposite sign. The interplay of different neutron production mechanisms is discussed as a possible explanation of the observed A dependence.

Published
2018

10. Effects of elevated soil CO2 concentration on growth and competition in a grass-clover mix

Author

Smith, K.L., Lake, J.A., Steven, M.D., and Lomax, B.H.

Subjects
food and beverages
Abstract

To investigate potential environmental affects in the context of carbon dioxide (CO2) leakage from Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) schemes. The ASGARD (Artificial Soil Gassing and Response Detection) facility was established, where CO2 can be injected into the soil in replicated open-air field plots. Eight plots were sown with a grass-clover mix, with four selected for CO2 treatment while four were left as controls. Observations of sward productivity throughout the study allowed three effects to be distinguished: a direct stress response to soil gassing, limiting productivity in both species but with a greater effect on the clover; competition between the grass and clover affected by their differential stress responses; and an overall temporal trend from dominance by clover to dominance by grass in CO2 treatments. The direct effect of soil CO2 (or associated oxygen (O2) deprivation due to the high levels of CO2 in the soil) gave estimated reductions in productivity of 42% and 41% in grass, compared to 66% and 32% for clover in the high and low CO2 gassed zones respectively. Canopy CO2 increased by 70 parts per million (ppm) for every 1% increase in soil CO2 and a significant positive response of stomatal conductance in clover was observed; although carbon acquisition by the plants should not therefore be impeded, the reduction in productivity of the gassed plants is indicative of carbon-based metabolic costs probably related to soil CO2 affecting root physiology. Biomass measurements made after gassing has ceased indicated that recovery of vegetation was close to complete after 12 months.

Published
2017

11. Plant responses to elevated CO2 levels in soils: Distinct CO2 and O2 -depletion effects

Author

Lake, J.A., Steven, M.D., Smith, K.L., and Lomax, B.H.

Subjects
food and beverages
Abstract

To investigate potential environmental effects in the context of carbon dioxide (CO2) leakage from Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) schemes, the University of Nottingham ASGARD (Artificial Soil Gassing And Response Detection) facility, was used to inject CO2 into the soil in replicated open-air field plots over several seasons to measure the effects on UK crop species. However, this system lacked a way of distinguishing the concomitant effects of oxygen (O2)-depletion (occurring as a consequence of high CO2 levels in the soil). As plants are aerobic, they require O2 for functional integrity of root processes. Here a complementary laboratory system was used to specifically identify distinct CO2 and O2-depletion effects on two crop species, beetroot and wheat. Parameters measured (photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and biomass) between CO2-gassed, nitrogen (N2)-gassed (O2-depletion control) and non-gassed control plants showed distinct differences in response to CO2 gassing and O2-depletion. Differences between field and laboratory studies illustrate effects of variable meteorological conditions in the field, whilst more stable laboratory conditions show differences between crop species. Results show that the interactions of these two stresses (very high soil CO2 and O2 depletion) on crop physiology are discrete and complex.

Published
2017

12. Carbon cycling in the deep eastern North Pacific benthic food web: Investigating the effect of organic carbon input

Author

Dunlop, K.M., Van Oevelen, D., Ruhl, H.A., Huffard, C.L., Kuhnz, L.A., and Smith, K.L.

Subjects
fungi
Abstract

The deep ocean benthic environment plays a role in long-term carbon sequestration. Understanding carbon cycling in the deep ocean floor is critical to evaluate the impact of changing climate on the oceanic systems. Linear inverse modeling was used to quantify carbon transfer between compartments in the benthic food web at a long time-series study site in the abyssal northeastern Pacific (Station M). Linear inverse food web models were constructed for three separate years in the time-series when particulate organic carbon (POC) flux was relatively high (1990: 0.63 mean mmol C m−2 d−1), intermediate (1995: 0.24) and low (1996: 0.12). Carbon cycling in all years was dominated by the flows involved in the microbial loop; dissolved organic carbon uptake by microbes (0.80–0.95 mean mmol C m−2 d−1), microbial respiration (0.52–0.61), microbial biomass dissolution (0.09–0.18) and the dissolution of refractory detritus (0.46–0.65). Moreover, the magnitude of carbon flows involved in the microbial loop changed in relation to POC input, with a decline in contribution during the high POC influxes, such as those recently experienced at Station M. Results indicate that during high POC episodic pulses the role of faunal mediated carbon cycling would increase. Semi-labile detritus dominates benthic faunal diets and the role of labile detritus declined with increased total POC input. Linear inverse modeling represents an effective framework to analyze high-resolution time-series data and demonstrate the impact of climate change on the deep ocean carbon cycle in a coastal upwelling system.

Published
2016

13. The role of carrion supply in the abundance of deep-water fish off California

Author

Drazen, J.C., Bailey, D.M., Ruhl, H.A., and Smith, K.L.

Abstract

Few time series of deep-sea systems exist from which the factors affecting abyssal fish populations can be evaluated. Previous analysis showed an increase in grenadier abundance, in the eastern North Pacific, which lagged epibenthic megafaunal abundance, mostly echinoderms, by 9–20 months. Subsequent diet studies suggested that carrion is the grenadier's most important food. Our goal was to evaluate if changes in carrion supply might drive the temporal changes in grenadier abundance. We analyzed a unique 17 year time series of abyssal grenadier abundance and size, collected at Station M (4100 m, 220 km offshore of Pt. Conception, California), and reaffirmed the increase in abundance and also showed an increase in mean size resulting in a ~6 fold change in grenadier biomass. We compared this data with abundance estimates for surface living nekton (pacific hake and jack mackerel) eaten by the grenadiers as carrion. A significant positive correlation between Pacific hake (but not jack mackerel) and grenadiers was found. Hake seasonally migrate to the waters offshore of California to spawn. They are the most abundant nekton species in the region and the target of the largest commercial fishery off the west coast. The correlation to grenadier abundance was strongest when using hake abundance metrics from the area within 100 nmi of Station M. No significant correlation between grenadier abundance and hake biomass for the entire California current region was found. Given the results and grenadier longevity, migration is likely responsible for the results and the location of hake spawning probably is more important than the size of the spawning stock in understanding the dynamics of abyssal grenadier populations. Our results suggest that some abyssal fishes' population dynamics are controlled by the flux of large particles of carrion. Climate and fishing pressures affecting epipelagic fish stocks could readily modulate deep-sea fish dynamics.

Published
2012

15. The influence of gas pipeline leakage on plant development and reflectance

Author

Noomen, M., Skidmore, A.K., van der Meer, F.D., Smith, K.L., Steven, M.D., Colls, J.J., Department of Earth Systems Analysis, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Department of Natural Resources, UT-I-ITC-FORAGES, and UT-I-ITC-4DEarth

Subjects
NRS, ADLIB-ART-1183, ESA
Published
2004

16. Measurement of species flux from a bubble using an acousto-electrochemical technique

Author

Birkin, P.R., Watson, Y.E., Smith, K.L., Leighton, T.G., Simpson, M.D., Leighton, T.G., Heald, G.J., Griffiths, H., and Griffiths, G.

Subjects
Physics::Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

An acousto-electrochemical technique is presented which, for the first time, offers the potential for measuring the flux of dissolved species in a liquid resulting from bubbles of a specific chosen size in the population. Laboratory trials are presented, but the device itself was damaged in the surf zone and no data was obtained from the ocean deployment. Nevertheless, the preceding laboratory tests demonstrate the viability of the technique. The device responds to perturbations of the fluid around a small electrode. Three such sources of motion must be characterised if it is to achieve the objective stated above. First, the perturbations resulting form the translatory motions of bubbles in the liquid. To obtain bubble radius resolution in the measurement of mass flux, however, it is necessary to apply to driving (‘pump’) sound field. Bubbles close to resonance will, in addition to a translatory motion, impart to the liquid a component of mass flux at the pump frequency. This is detected. However to show that this is the result of bubble wall pulsation, and not someother coupling, the amplitude of the pump field is increased until the electrochemical sensor detects Faraday waves on the bubble wall. Not only does this prove the relation between mass flux to bubble wall motion, it provides a second route by which the radius-resolved component of mass flux might be identified. In these preliminary laboratory tests, electrochemical detection of these motions was achieved through the observation of current produced by the reduction of a suitable redox agent present within the liquid phase of the solution employed. Preparations were made to obtain preliminary data from the Hurst Spit 2000 surf zone trial, but the device was damaged by the environment.

Published
2001

17. BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey -- XV: The High Frequency Radio Cores of Ultra-hard X-ray Selected AGN

Author

Benny Trakhtenbrot, Fiona A. Harrison, O. Ivy Wong, J. Mejia-Restrepo, Franz E. Bauer, Junhyun Baek, Krista Lynne Smith, Claudio Ricci, C. Meg Urry, Richard F. Mushotzky, Stuart N. Vogel, Meredith Powell, Federica Ricci, Kyuseok Oh, Aeree Chung, Daniel Stern, Michael Koss, Lynne Smith, Krista, F Mushotzky, Richard, Koss, Michael, Trakhtenbrot, Benny, Ricci, Claudio, Ivy Wong, O, E Bauer, Franz, Ricci, Federica, Vogel, Stuart, Stern, Daniel, C Powell, Meredith, Meg Urry, C, Harrison, Fiona, Mejia-Restrepo, Julian, Oh, Kyuseok, Baek, Junhyun, Chung, Aeree, Smith K.L., Mushotzky R., Koss M., Trakhtenbrot B., Ricci C., Wong I., Bauer F., Ricci F, Vogel S., Stern D., Powell M., Urry M., Harrison F., Mejia-Restrepo J., Oh K., Baek J., and Chung A.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, nuclei [galaxies], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High frequency, 01 natural sciences, Seyfert [galaxies], 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, radio continuum: galaxies, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Significant difference, Resolution (electron density), X-ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, galaxies: Seyfert, galaxies [radio continuum], Black hole, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), active [galaxies], galaxies: nuclei
Abstract

We have conducted 22 GHz radio imaging at 1" resolution of 100 low-redshift AGN selected at 14-195 keV by the Swift-BAT. We find a radio core detection fraction of 96%, much higher than lower-frequency radio surveys. Of the 96 radio-detected AGN, 55 have compact morphologies, 30 have morphologies consistent with nuclear star formation, and 11 have sub-kpc to kpc-scale jets. We find that the total radio power does not distinguish between nuclear star formation and jets as the origin of the radio emission. For 87 objects, we use optical spectroscopy to test whether AGN physical parameters are distinct between radio morphological types. We find that X-ray luminosities tend to be higher if the 22 GHz morphology is jet-like, but find no significant difference in other physical parameters. We find that the relationship between the X-ray and core radio luminosities is consistent with the $L_R/L_X \sim 10^{-5}$ of coronally active stars. We further find that the canonical fundamental planes of black hole activity systematically over-predict our radio luminosities, particularly for objects with star formation morphologies., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2020
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18. Significant Suppression of Star Formation in Radio-Quiet AGN Host Galaxies with Kiloparsec-Scale Radio Structures

Author

T. Taro Shimizu, Krista Lynne Smith, Claudio Ricci, Michael Koss, O. Ivy Wong, Richard F. Mushotzky, Federica Ricci, Lynne Smith, Krista, Koss, Michael, Mushotzky, Richard, Ivy Wong, O., Taro Shimizu, T., Ricci, Claudio, Ricci, Federica, Smith, K.L., Koss, M., Mushotzky, R., Wong, O.I., Shimizu, T.T., Ricci, C., and Ricci, F.

Subjects
Active galactic nucleus, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Galaxy wind, FOS: Physical sciences, Galactic wind, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Radio jets (1347), 01 natural sciences, Galaxy winds (626), 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Radio jets, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Stellar evolution, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Active galactic nuclei, Star formation, Molecular cloud, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galactic winds (572), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Active galactic nuclei (16), Star formation (1569), Main sequence
Abstract

We conducted 22~GHz 1" JVLA imaging of 100 radio-quiet X-ray selected AGN from the Swift-BAT survey. We find AGN-driven kiloparsec-scale radio structures inconsistent with pure star formation in 11 AGN. The host galaxies of these AGN lie significantly below the star-forming main sequence, indicating suppressed star formation. While these radio structures tend to be physically small compared to the host galaxy, the global star formation rate of the host is affected. We evaluate the energetics of the radio structures interpreted first as immature radio jets, and then as consequences of an AGN-driven radiative outflow, and compare them to two criteria for successful feedback: the ability to remove the CO-derived molecular gas mass from the galaxy gravitational potential and the kinetic energy transfer to molecular clouds leading to $v_\mathrm{cloud} > \sigma_*$. In most cases, the jet interpretation is insufficient to provide the energy necessary to cause the star formation suppression. Conversely, the wind interpretation provides ample energy in all but one case. We conclude that it is more likely that the observed suppression of star formation in the global host galaxy is due to ISM interactions of a radiative outflow, rather than a small-scale radio jet., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

Published
2020
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