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© 2021 Elsevier Masson SASThe aim of this study is to investigate and compare the changes in psychosocial status, self-esteem, and quality of life in patients treated with conventional and SF approaches. 14 patients (mean age 23.04±3.36; 9 male and 5 female) who met the inclusion criteria were included in the SF group; 18 patients with class III malocclusion (mean age 29.27±3.78; 9 male and 9 female) were included in the COS group. In the research protocol, the first questionnaires were carried out 2 weeks before surgery (T0); second survey approximately 4 weeks after surgery (T1); and the third one was done to patients after the treatment was completed (debonding) (T2). In our study, Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ), Pyschosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), Beck Depression Inventory second edition (BDI-II) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), surveys were conducted. No statistically significant difference was observed in all of the PIDAQ parameters and most of the OQLQ parameters within the COS and SF groups (P>0.05). When the BDI-II results were examined, different trends in scores were observed between the two groups, and this difference was found to be statistically significant (P

Over the years several models for work design have been developed, however the need to understand the complexity of the social context was one of the limitations that all models have encountered. The proposal made by Morgeson and Humphrey (2006) makes relevant contributions to this approach, having social characteristics has a key component of component of work design. The aim of this paper is the adaptation of the social characteristics’ subscale of Morgeson and Humphrey's (2006) Work Design Questionnaire, to the Portuguese context. An exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using IBM SPSS (AMOS). Results show that the instrument has good psychometric characteristics for use in the Portuguese language and, therefore, has proven value in measuring social characteristics in work design. This instrument has practical advantages for its users as it can be used to design and/or redesign work in organizations and to conduct research regarding the nature of work and its antecedents or impacts. Future research should focus on the convergence and divergent validity of this instrument. The usefulness of designing work considering social characteristics are numerous and they focus on promoting work engagement and productivity, among others., Proceedings - Research and Intervention in Human Resources, N.º 11 (2022): XI Conferência Internacional de Investigação e Intervenção em RH

本資料は，地域防災Web「あなたの地域を知ろう」パーツにおける地域特性情報を改訂するにあたり，新たな社会特性・自然特性・災害の危険性の算出方法および結果について報告する．旧版の「あなたの地域を知ろう」パーツでは日本全国で同じような手法に基づき，災害特性を相対評価できる仕組みを実現することに重きを置いたことで，地域の災害特性を十分に考慮することができなかった．本資料では，それを踏まえて旧版と比較し，どのように算出方法を変更したのかという方法論を提示する．なお，新たに算出した社会特性・自然特性・災害の危険性については，「あなたの地域を知ろう」パーツ改訂版において公開している．This paper reports on the new method and results of calculating social characteristics, natural characteristics, and disaster risks for the revision of in the “Regional Characteristic Information Tool” of the Local Disaster-Risk Management through Web Service. The previous version of the “Regional Characteristic Information Tool” was based on the same method for the whole of Japan, and focused on realizing a system for relative evaluation of disaster characteristics, which did not sufficiently consider the disaster characteristics of each region. In this paper, we present the methodology of how we changed the calculation method in comparison with the previous version. The newly calculated social characteristics, natural characteristics, and disaster risks are disclosed in the revised version of the “Regional Characteristic Information Tool”.

This study explores the relationship between social and socio-demographic characteristics and solidarity behaviour. Solidarity behaviour is the voluntary compensation to group members if they experience an income loss due to a random adverse event (e.g., natural disaster). We know that subjects’ assumptions about the prevalence of a specific social norm (e.g., honesty, cooperativeness) in groups strongly affect their choice to adhere to the norm and act accordingly. In other words, adherence to a social norm is conditional on others’ adherence. To measure solidarity behaviour, we utilize an extended version of the solidarity game by Ockenfels & Selten (1998) in which we manipulate respondents’ information about the solidarity of others. The behavioural solidarity measure is analysed together with respondents’ social and socio-demographic characteristics. We collect data in an online setting from a much more diverse sample of adults in Germany and Austria and can thus test whether social characteristics, such as age, income and gender, can predict solidarity behaviour.

O presente artigo objetiva descrever como algumas produções cinematográficas norte-americanas são problematizadas por professores e professoras de Educação Física atuantes na rede pública do município de Rio Grande - RS. Para isso, lançamos mão do método do grupo focal, composto por docentes atuantes nos anos finais do ensino fundamental. Como disparador da discussão temática, foi utilizado material audiovisual produzido com fragmentos de obras cinematográficas Coach Carter e Remember The Titans, exibido para os participantes da pesquisa. A análise dos dados se deu através da ferramenta metodológica da Análise Textual Discursiva. Os dados produzidos possibilitaram a criação de quatro categorias: 1) o professor de Educação Física brasileiro e a figura do coach-teacher; 2) esporte na escola; 3) potencialidade do cinema na Educação Física escolar; 4) o professor de Educação Física e seu papel social. Como resultado, observou-se a consolidação da compreensão do coach-teacher enquanto um agregado de características e atitudes pedagógicas e sociais exercidas no cotidiano dos participantes da pesquisa em sua atuação docente.

A restoration program is needed by West Lampung District, because 80% of the protected forests in this district have been damaged. Bina Wana (BW) Community Forest Group (CFG) has been successful in carrying out restoration program of 465 ha of Bukit Rigis protected forest. It resulted in an 80% increase in its members' income and an increase by 2.58% of the forest cover. To maintain the success of a sustainable restoration program, high commitment from the community is needed. This research has been conducted in June-July 2019 at West Lampung District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The objective of this research is to analyse the social variables that affect restoration in the protection forest. The dependent variable is income and independent variables consist of respondents’ characteristics as individuals and social characteristics of the community. Based on the multiple regression linear analysis from 75 respondents, it was found that the significant variables for the sustainability of the restoration of Bukit Rigis protected forest are as follow: age, sex, education, status in CFG, distance from home to CF areas, social aids and social capital (networks, norms and trust). Existence of the youth groups namely Himpunan Pemuda Peduli Hutan dan Lingkungan (HPPHL) and Melati Women Forest Farmer Group (WFFG) plays an important role in implementing the restoration program. Establishment of HPPHL will ensure regeneration in maintaining the sustainability of restoration achievements. The role of WFFG is also important because their households’ income is supported by WFFG and enables the BW CFG members to be more concentrated in maintaining forest sustainability.

The article deals with the issues of criminological characteristics of female crime, analyzes the data of official statistics. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the causes and conditions of female crime. The paper substantiates the need to study women's crime, study its causes and conditions. The peculiarities of women's crime are determined by the gender status and the role of women in modern society. In this regard, the article analyzes the social characteristics and psychological characteristics of women in modern Russia. Special attention is paid to the prevention of women's crime. It is proposed to develop a national program for the prevention of women's crime. The program should be comprehensive in nature, and also contain a system of interaction between various bodies and services in the prevention of women's crime, ranging from educational institutions to law enforcement agencies.

Background: Indonesian Population Demographic Survey (IDHS) in 2017 stated that the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia was 309/100,000 live births. According to Ristica (2017) the high maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is caused by the unpreparedness of the mother in facing childbirth. Maternal unpreparedness is usually seen among primigravida who struggle in preparing for childbirth as they have yet experience in delivering. Geniofam in Muthoharoh explained (2018) the factors that influence mother's readiness including knowledge, education, socio-culture and economy.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the mother social characteristic (age, education, occupation) that affect the readiness of primigravida in facing childbirthMethods: This type of research is analytical research with an observational approach. The sample in this study involved 53 primigravida on the third trimester of pregnancy. Data collection was carried out by filling out questionnaires on the readiness of mothers to face childbirth by respondents.Results: The results of statistical tests showed that age, education, or occupation did not affect mother's readiness in dealing with childbirth with p value > 0.05.Conclussions: mother’s social characteristics do not affect the readiness of primigravida in facing childbirth.

This study investigated childhood cancer disparities in the state of Texas based on data from 1995 to 2014 from the perspective of race/ethnicity, geographic location, and social factors. The enhan...

Introduction. Ophthalmic diseases are a significant medical and social problem both throughout the world and on the territory of Russia and its individual regions. Dispensary dynamic monitoring of the health status of persons suffering from chronic diseases of the ophthalmological profile plays an important role in the prevention of exacerbations and complications of diseases. Work objective. Analyzing the results of enquiry of patients with eye and adnexa disease to study their medico-social characteristics and finding out the reasons for incomplete and untimely admission to dispensary observation. Methods. Sociological (400 outpatients with eye and adnexa diseases were interviewed in the Tambov branch of the Federal State Autonomous Institution of National Medical Research Center “Interbranch Scientific and Technical Complex “Eye Microsurgery” and in the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “Tambov Regional Ophthalmological Clinical Hospital”); statistical analysis. Results. The principal organizational reasons for incomplete admission to dispensary observation and the lack of dynamic control over the course of a patient’s chronic ophthalmological pathology include the absence of an ophthalmologist at the place of residence, a large workload of an ophthalmologist or his insufficient qualifications and, as a result, low patient compliance. Conclusion. The high prevalence and the associated medical and social significance of diseases of the visual organs dictate the pursuance of studies aimed at developing recommendations for improving the principles of prevention and dispensary observation of patients with ophthalmic diseases.

Historical city centers are important places for cities in terms of their cultural, historical, economic, and social characteristics. Due to the rapid economic growth and excessive population increase experienced in the recent period, most cities have faced an uncontrolled growth. Because of the related pressures, historical city centers have been adversely affected in terms of their physical, functional, economic, and social structure. This study aims to develop spatial strategies to contribute to the solution of the problem mentioned above. It focuses on the spatial configuration of the study area and utilizes the space syntax method and parameters, as well as a comparative analysis of some key indicators. The study presents the results of the spatial strategy developed through the identification of points of special interest (SA), strategic priority areas (SPA), and urban sub-foci (USP). As a result of the analysis and the suggestions developed, it has been revealed that there is a significant increase in the socio-spatial characteristics of both the city area and the historical city center.

Las creencias sexistas se originan ante la percepción de diferencias entre hombres y mujeres respecto a características biológicas y sociales. Se trata de un constructo bidimensional compuesto por el sexismo hostil, que implica actitudes abiertamente negativas hacia las mujeres, y el sexismo benévolo, que se caracteriza por un tono afectivo positivo que idealiza a las mujeres al tiempo que enfatiza su debilidad. Ambos tipos de sexismo son perjudiciales y contribuyen a mantener las desigualdades sociales, por lo que es necesario conocer aquellas variables que pueden estar relacionadas con este tipo de actitudes. En este sentido, la autoestima sexual parece actuar como una variable predictora de actitudes más negativas hacia las mujeres. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la relación existente entre las dos dimensiones del sexismo, y la autoestima sexual en hombres y mujeres. Un total de 252 personas, de 18 a 69 años (68,25% fueron mujeres; 31,75% fueron hombres) participaron en el estudio. Los resultados sugieren que existen diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en sexismo hostil (t=-3,933; p=0,000) y en sexismo benévolo (t=- 4,470; p=0,000), siendo los hombres quienes presentan en mayor medida ambos tipos de sexismo. Por otra parte, parece que existe una relación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre sexismo benévolo y la autoestima sexual, únicamente en los hombres (r= 0,362; p=0,001), mostrando el análisis de regresión que la autoestima sexual alcanza a explicar un 13,1% del sexismo benévolo. En conclusión, nuestro estudio constata que la autoestima sexual y el sexismo benevolente son dos variables que, en el caso de los hombres, se hallan fuertemente relacionadas.

Areca nut (Areca catechu) is one of the important cash crops in India. India ranks first in terms of area and production of areca nut and accounts of 54.07 per cent of its world production. The harvesting of nuts commence on the Tamil month of ‘Thai’ (Mid-January to Mid-February) and spread over six months in carrying out the post-harvest practices and marketing of nuts. This study was purposively conducted in Salem district 2018-2019 and occupies first position in area (2,421 hectares) of areca nut in Tamil Nadu. The Peddanackenpalyam, Valapddy, Gengavalli and Attur blocks were selected based on the 87.28 per cent of the area under areca nut in this district with a sample size of 120 areca nut farmers selected by using a proportionate random sampling technique. Most of the respondents (80.00 per cent) had knowledge level of medium to high level of knowledge on the recommended plant protection technologies in areca nut cultivation. It was mainly due to the medium to the high level of information seeking behaviour and social participation. The study revealed that the areca nut growers differed widely in their social characteristics. Most of the respondents had a medium to a high level of knowledge on recommended technologies in areca nut cultivation. This finding stressed the importance of formulating different extension strategies for different audiences by the change agency system.

مستخلص البحث: سعى هذا البحث إلى تحديد مخاوف الأفراد في المجتمع السعودي، وعلاقتها ببعض المتغيرات الاجتماعية والديموغرافية، کالعمر، والجنس، والحالة الاجتماعية، وحجم الأسرة، والمستوى التعليمي، والدخل الشهري، والقروض. وقد أجري البحث على عينة عشوائية طبقية بلغت 1531، من سکان المملکة العربية السعودية. وتوصل البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج منها: ان المخاوف الوظيفية تأتي في مقدمة المخاوف لدى عموم أفراد العينة، يليها المخاوف المالية ثم الصحية. وجاءت المخاوف من الکوارث ثم المخاوف الغيبية ثم الأسرية في أدنى سلم المخاوف عند الأفراد. وتقل المخاوف بازدياد عمر الفرد وعدد أفراد الأسرة، وتزداد المخاوف بازدياد المستوى التعليمي. وتبلغ المخاوف الوظيفية أعلى نسبة لدى الأفراد الذين لا يملکون دخل، يليها المخاوف الصحية. والشعور بعدم وجود مخاوف على الإطلاق مرتفع لدى الذکور مقارنة بالإناث، وتترکز مخاوف الذکور في الجانب الوظيفي ثم المالي ثم الصحي، بينما الإناث في الجانب الصحي ثم الوظيفي ثم المالي. أخيرا 32.6% من أفراد العينة ليس لديهم مخاوف على الإطلاق. الکلمات المفتاحية: مخاوف الأفراد في المجتمع السعودي، المخاوف الأسرية، المخاوف الصحية، المخاوف المالية، المخاوف الوظيفية، المخاوف الأمنية. Social characteristics and their relationship to the fears of individuals in Saudi society Research abstract: This research sought to identify the fears of individuals in the Saudi society, with some social variables, such as age, gender, marital status, family size, educational level, monthly income, and personal loan. The research was conducted on a stratified random sample of 1531, from the population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The research reached a set of results, including: job concerns are at the forefront of fears among the general sample, followed by financial and then health concerns. Disaster fears, metaphysical fears, and family fears came at the lowest levels of fear among individuals. Fears decrease with the increase in the age of the individual and the number of family members. Concerns increase with the increase in the educational level. Job concerns are highest among individuals without income, followed by health concerns. The feeling that there are no fears at all is high in males compared to females, and males' fears are concentrated in the jobs, financial, and health side, while females are in the health, jobs and financial side. Finally, 32.6% of the respondents had no concerns at all. Keywords: Individuals' fears in Saudi society, family concerns, health concerns, financial concerns, job concerns, security concerns.

В статье рассмотрены вопросы состояния здоровья и качества жизни медицинских работников. Определены потенциальные факторы риска способствующих к снижению и ухудшению здоровья медиков. Цель исследования: оценить состояние здоровья медицинских работников работающих в поликлинике. Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования стали врачи и медсестры, работающие в поликлинике. Социальный опрос был методом исследования. В опросе приняли участие 64 врача и 75 медсестер. Выводы. Проблема здоровья имеет особое значение как социальная ценность в современной жизни. Поэтому медицинских работников необходимо научить уважать собственное здоровье и здоровье других, заниматься физической активностью и спортом в свободное время и сознательно отказываться от вредных привычек. The article deals with the health status and quality of life of medical workers. Potential risk factors contributing to the decline and deterioration of the health of physicians have been identified. Objective of the study: to assess the health status of medical workers working in a polyclinic. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were doctors and nurses working in the polyclinic. Social survey was a research method. The survey involved 64 doctors and 75 nurses. Findings. The problem of health is of particular importance as a social value in modern life. Therefore, healthcare professionals need to be taught to respect their own health and the health of others, engage in physical activity and sports in their free time, and deliberately give up bad habits.

Culture for the individual is related to knowledge, but culture for society is related to social characteristics far from being cognitive because it results from the individual and society’s perception of science and knowledge in various areas of life. If development, in its essence, works to enhance the levels of coexistence among people and advance the lives of individuals in society, then development efforts can never be separated from the cultural formations of society. Culture plays a pivotal role in the development process. Through distinctive environment and society such as the city of Suez, with its rich history and heritage, so, what is the difficulty of designing mural derived from that heritage to affect the different categories of society in specific location in this city?

Airbnb became the largest share economy platform in the world with an expected 500 million guests deriving 3 billion dollars profits in 2020. In many destinations, the Airbnb platform provides the umbrella for private dwellings owners to participate in the global tourism movement. Aswan and Wahat are two Egyptian destinations where private dwellings are in use in isolation from this platform as well as any governmental cover despite their existence. Neither the Ministry of Tourism "MoT" nor the Egyptian Tourism Federation "E.T.F" provide any umbrella for this activity despite its existence and popularity. PESTEL is a model that is geared toward exploring the adequacy of destinations for projects. This paper uses this model to find out the impact of social and demographic elements of the model to differentiate between destinations about their adequacy to adopt the Airbnb platform. Findings indicate that local, social and demographic disputes may make the difference in adequacy, albeit all other PESTEL factors conformity. Keywords: private dwellings, Airbnb platform, social and demographic characteristics, PESTEL

Sociodemographic factors and lifestyle behaviours were evidenced as correlates of self-reported 24-hour movement behaviours in high-income settings. However, it is unclear how these relations occur in a middle-income country setting, with unique cultural and social characteristics. This study aimed to examine the association between sociodemographic, dietary, and substance use factors with accelerometer-measured 24-hour movement behaviours in Brazilian adolescents. Information on sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), family structure, dietary behaviours, and history of substance use were collected by a questionnaire. Sleep duration, sedentary behaviour, and light- and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (LPA and MVPA) were measured using wrist-worn accelerometers. On average, females slept more (β = 21.09, 95%CI 13.18; 28.98), engaged in more LPA (β = 17.60, 95%CI 8.50; 27.13), and engaged in less sedentary behaviour (β = -16.82, 95%CI -30.01; -4.30) and MVPA (β = -4.76, 95%CI -7.48; -1.96) than males. Age and sedentary behaviour were positively associated (β = 8.60, 95%CI 2.53; 14.64). Unprocessed foods were positively related to LPA (β = 2.21, 95%CI 0.55; 3.92), whereas processed foods were positively related to sedentary behaviour (β = 3.73, 95%CI 0.03; 7.38) and inversely related to MVPA (β = -0.89, 95%CI -1.68; -0.10). Family structure, SES, and substance use factors were not significantly associated with any 24-hour movement behaviour.Conclusions: Sex, age, and dietary behaviours, unlike SES or substance use, were associated with 24-hour movement behaviours in this sample of Brazilian adolescents and are important factors to consider in interventions, policies, and practice. What is Known: • The 24-hour movement behaviours are composed of sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity and are important determinants of health. • Most adolescents do not engage in adequate levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, and there is a need to better understand factors related to these behaviours. What is New: • Sex, age, and dietary behaviours were associated with the 24-hour movement behaviours. • No associations were found between socioeconomic status and substance use with the 24-hour movement behaviours.

Learners must develop the ability to perceive linguistic and social meaning in their second language (L2) to interact effectively, but relatively little is known about how learners link social meaning to a single phonetic variable. Using a matched-guise test targeting coda /s/ (realized as [s] or debuccalized [h]), we explore whether L2 Spanish learners identify native speakers’ social characteristics based on phonetic variants. Our results indicate that advanced learners were more sensitive to sociophonetic information; advanced listeners who had completed a phonetics course were significantly more likely to categorize /s/ reducers as Caribbean and those who had studied abroad in aspirating regions recognized a relationship between coda /s/ and status. To account for the complex interplay among proficiency, explicit instruction, and dialectal exposure in the development of L2 sociophonetic perception, we suggest the union of the L2 Linguistic Perception Model with exemplar models of phonological representation and indexical meaning.

The problem of teaching speaking in the adult ESP classroom has not been sufficiently studied in Russia, although the challenges it poses differ significantly from those that traditional research on pedagogy can address. One of these challenges is that some Russian adult ESP students do not feel comfortable speaking English in front of their teacher and classmates, which leads to communication barriers. The review of the literature on andragogy, our observations, and the anonymous survey conducted among Russian adult ESP learners have revealed that this discomfort may be caused or compounded by such socio-cultural and psychological factors as the fear of appearing incompetent and difficulty assuming the subordinate role of a student. The given study explores these factors and suggests creating a number of conditions maximizing the benefits of speaking activities for adult ESP audiences. The first condition is a flexible class organization, in which students are mostly encouraged to interact with equals in respect of their social characteristics and language proficiency. It creates a favorable anxiety-reduced classroom atmosphere in which all learners are given an opportunity to demonstrate their strengths. Another condition is the students exposure to relevant learning content with interactive speaking activities representing real-life communicative situations. It raises adult learners motivation and reduces the impact of psychological constraints. The third condition is the teaching style of a facilitator rather than a superior, which involves recognizing that both the teacher and the adult learners are competent in their respective fields of expertise and therefore equal in status. This setting proves to foster the development of speaking skills in Russian adult ESP classrooms and thus may be recommended for this audience. Further research into the topic may reveal more factors underlying verbal interactions in adult ESP classroom.

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the clinical and social characteristics of patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders (SSD) and organic mental disorders (OMD) who received care in day hospitals and intensive psychiatric care units (Moscow). During the study, a random sample of 487 discharge epicrises was studied, of which 392 (80,49%) were patients with SSD and OMD, who were subjected to further analysis. The study revealed gender differences and low rates of labor and family adaptation in both nosological groups of patients. The highest percentage of patients observed on a long-term basis in neuropsychiatric dispensaries and the rate of hospitalization in a round-the-clock inpatient unit were among the patients with diagnoses of schizophrenic spectrum disorders who were treated in intensive psychiatric care units. There were significant differences in the routing of patients depending on the pathology: district psychiatrists more often refer patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia to the intensive psychiatric care unit in order to prevent hospitalization and patients with organic mental disorders - to day hospitals for therapy selection and medical and social rehabilitation, while doctors of the round-theclock hospital – vice versa (in order to continue treatment or follow up in out-of-hospital conditions). There was also a circulation of patients between the intensive psychiatric care unit and the day hospitals. Isolated episodes of compliance violations were noted. Indicative indicators such as hospitalization in a round-the-clock psychiatric inpatient unit within a year after the discharge from partial inpatient units was low and was usually due to severe continuous forms of the disease and the formation of therapy resistance in patients. Day hospitals and departments (offices) of intensive psychiatric care in general effectively perform the functions of inpatient unit substitution.

In a time when the world is facing social, political, public health, and environmental upheaval, Danes are lighting candles, baking cookies, and engaging in ‘hygge’, or ‘cozy togetherness’. Interes...

Our research carried out in Nagyecsed is part of a longer series of research consisting of ten items, in which we primarily seek to map the main social characteristics and current social processes of settlements with the lower populations in the less-favoured regions of the country. In the course of the research, our goal is basically to get to know and present the perspectives of the local residents. A crucial consideration in the selection of the research sites was that smaller settlements in these peripheral regions are experiencing rather unfavourable socio-demographic trends, including in particular the declining population, aging, and the growing proportion of disadvantaged populations, including disadvantaged Roma. These processes - if no significant changes take place - project an even more unfavourable vision than at present. The unfavourable socio-demographic tendencies can be clearly seen in Nagyecsed. In connection with this, the main goal of the research is to explore the situation of the Roma, as well as the local community relations, especially the coexistence characteristics of the Roma and non-Roma population.

Currently, it is possible to treat secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). This is the most unfavorable type of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the article provides a medical and social analysis of MS course at this group of patients. There is evidence that these patients are highly socialized members of society, usually family members, so their non-participation in socially useful work significantly affects the whole life of society. Many of them receive pathogenetic treatment drugs that do not work at this stage of MS. That is, the large cost of purchasing medicines not only does not help these patients, but also is an irrational expenditure of public funds.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Orienteering, which is one of the popular physical educations in the world, is an emerging sport integrating knowledge, competition, fun, and collaborative attributes. Although it started late in China, it has developed rapidly in recent years in most places except the northeast and northwest parts of the country. METHODS: In order to accelerate the development of orienteering in the northeast, given the climate and social characteristics of this area, we built a four-in-one orienteering development model including a theory course, a social component, a team, and events based on the longtime practice of Harbin Engineering University. RESULTS: The research results have practical reference significance for orienteering at universities in China, as well as at universities and commercial clubs in other areas of the world.

Iraq includes several traditional Islamic cities, and they share many spatial and social characteristics. A question has often been raised about these cities' ability to achieve spatial justice for their current residents. Therefore, the research aims to answer this question by following a specific methodology based on the derivation of factors and indices of spatial justice through previous literature, then measuring the indices derived in the ancient Najaf city as an example of traditional Islamic cities. The research found that there are five main factors for spatial justice, which are: spatial diversity, spatial connectivity, spatial resilience, spatial security, and spatial empowerment, which in turn are divided into ten indices. These indices were measured in Najaf city. It became clear that the mixed land use index, spatial connectivity indices, and spatial security indices were well achieved, while the mixed residential patterns and spatial empowerment indices did not achieve well. As for spatial resilience, changes occurred in the land uses. However, these changes were not the result of social and cultural changes or according to the city residents' needs. Instead, they occurred due to economic changes that primarily serve the visitors and arrivals to the city.

Assessment of a particular territory by its epidemiological significance is very relevant in the light of widespread occurrence of new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, in the Russian Federation.Objective. Detection of the epidemiological features and revealing trends in the epidemic process of new coronavirus infection in the Irkutsk Region and forecasting of its spread.Materials and methods. An operational analysis of the epidemiological situation on COVID-19 in the Irkutsk Region as of August 16, 2020 was performed. Restrictive measures were substantiated based on the calculation of the infection spread rate (Rt).Results and discussion. Irkutsk Region remained one of the adverse territories as regards human COVID-19 incidence in the Siberian Federal District and the Russian Federation as of August 16, 2020. The gradual dynamics of the epidemic process was revealed: at the first stage of the epidemic development it was facilitated by the imported cases from affected countries and regions of the Russian Federation, and subsequently by local transmission. The incidence increase was registered 2 months later than in central regions of the Russian Federation. Currently there is a consistent downward trend. The increase in the cases prevailed among rotation workers staying for shift and seasonal activities in the administrative center and northern districts of the Irkutsk Region. The epidemic pattern was determined by gender, age and social characteristics. It is demonstrated that the risk of the new coronavirus infection is determined by the intensity of contacts in family foci, the spread of infection in medical organizations and a significant proportion of asymptomatic carriers. High lethality rates (0.7 %) and mortality rates (31.1 o / oooo) were established among persons over 65 years. The stationary time series observed since June for changing the Rt-indicator with fluctuations ranging from 0.92 to 1.01 requires maintaining control of restrictive measures with prompt management decisions making based on the evolving epidemiological situation in the Irkutsk Region and taking into account the assessment of its possible complication risks.

Communities of publics where citizens together develop informed opinion as basis for political decisions is crucial to democracy; and adult education can contribute vitally to such communities. This was argued by two critical social scientists, Charles Wright Mills and Oskar Negt. Researching and writing in different situations and drawing on different traditions, they voiced many of the same concerns about the inequalities and contradictions of modern capitalist societies. Mills and Negt argued that citizens and publics need to grasp the interrelations between society at large and individual lives and troubles. It is also necessary to transgress the immediate reality and its options, to imagine how societies and lives could take different turns, both in negative and positive directions. This article makes a case that imaginative fiction literature can help critical social science and adult education in promoting such social imagination.

This paper examines the effect of home country characteristics on the internationalization of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). Drawing on the institution-based view (IBV), we argue that institutional, political, and social characteristics will positively relate to the internationalization of EMNEs. Further, drawing on the knowledge-based view (KBV), we also argue that a firm’s knowledge stock (KS) will positively moderate the aforementioned relationship. Our research setting involves the incorporation of primary data collected from Iranian multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in the food and beverage industry. The results provide support for the hypotheses that home country characteristics positively impact the international growth of EMNEs but this does not lead to their further expansion. Also, supported was the hypothesis that EMNEs' knowledge stock positively moderates the relationship between home country characteristics and their international growth. These findings not only contribute to the current knowledge about the drivers of EMNE’s internationalization but also stress upon the idiosyncratic role of home country institutions and the impact of knowledge-specific capabilities on the internationalization of EMNEs, their international growth, and expansion.

This study examined the association between social characteristics, substance use, and psychological distress in a national representative sample of adults in Serbia. It was a secondary analysis of the National Survey on Lifestyles in Serbia: Substance Abuse and Gambling 2018. The study included a total of 2000 participants aged 18 to 65 from the general population in Serbia. Psychological distress was examined using the Kessler 6 questionnaire. There were a total of 945 male participants (47.3%) and 1055 (52.8%) female participants. The average age was 37.83 ± 13.61 years. The prevalence of a high risk of psychological distress was 5.2% (103/2000), while the prevalence of moderate risk of psychological distress was 15.2% (303/2000). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being male, having poor self-rated health, having poor subjective financial status, binge drinking in the past year, and lifetime use of any illicit drug were associated with a higher likelihood of having a high risk of psychological distress. One in six adults in Serbia has a high risk of psychological distress, while one in twenty has a moderate risk. The findings of this study urge targeted actions to protect and improve the health of people in psychological distress and drug and alcohol users.

Introduction. Drivers and assistant drivers directly manage rail transport. The number of employees of locomotive brigades in 2018 amounted to about 140 thousand people. A significant number of driver jobs and their assistants are characterized by third class working conditions. Purpose of the study. Study of medical and social characteristics and production risk factors of locomotive crew employees. Material and methods. In 2018, 7.6% of locomotive teams employees were interviewed from their full-time number using STEPS tool and questionnaire on production risk factors. The study was carried out on all railways of the Russian Federation. 10476 questionnaires are collected. Results. 55.5% of the respondents indicated their work schedule to be abnormal; 60% of workers reported about extra-working time. More than 50% of workers told earlier start of work, 43% said about later ends. 86% of respondents believed that work hurt their health. 96% of drivers complained about the low air temperature in the cabin during the winter period, 83% reported about the need to carry out repair works during the flight, 69% say about overheating in the house in the summer, 61% wrote about the need to make a lot of movements in the place during operation, 51% reported about noise, and 52% told about vibration. Conclusion. The working schedule of at least 50% of respondents is not optimal. More than 60% of workers note not good hygienic working conditions. The ongoing work of Russian Railways JSC on the modernization of the locomotive fleet partly eliminates some of the above-mentioned occupational risk factors, which adversely affect employees’ psychoemotional and physical condition of locomotive teams.

The study aimed to determine the requirements for a social worker to practice professional models with elderly groups, and this study is considered a descriptive and analytical study. The study was applied in a comprehensive inventory method to all social workers working with elderly groups in elderly care homes in the governorates of Cairo and Giza, whose number is (82). The use of a questionnaire on the requirements of the social worker’s practice of professional models with groups of the elderly, and the results of the study showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between some social characteristics (age - academic qualification - years of experience) and the sources of knowledge of the social worker with professional models, and there is a statistically significant relationship between some social characteristics (Age - academic qualification - years of experience) and the requirements for a social worker to practice professional models with elderly groups, The researcher recommended the necessity of holding training courses for social workers Understand how to practice professional models in a proper scientific, and to use various professional methods while practicing professional models with elderly groups.

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), incidents of in-flight sexual assaults have increased in recent years, however, data and details of sexual misconduct that occur on commercial flights are difficult to obtain, particularly in situations that involve non-forcible sexual offenses. Therefore, it is unknown if sexual misconduct is increasing, or if people are reporting incidents more than they have in the past. It is also challenging to assess airline responses to sexual misconduct since there is no universal policy that clearly lays out what crew ought to do in situations that involve sexual victimization. Regardless of these shortcomings, this phenomenon is timely and worthy of exploration given the noticeable lack of criminological literature on the topic. Fortunately, in-flight sexual victimization has been given more widespread public attention by way of media reports and the #MeToo movement, and the federal government has created a task force to investigate allegations and give policy recommendations when sexual offenses occur. In light of the progressive changes that have arisen in recent years to address sexual misconduct, this exploratory study aims to highlight the poorly reported and ill-regulated problem of sexual victimization that occurs during air travel through a content analysis of online media reports to describe risk factors for in-flight victimization. Findings indicate that the physical and social characteristics of commercial flights present potential risk factors for both forcible and non-forcible sexual victimization. Practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.

The present study examines the constitutional principle of "social statehood" in Canada, considering the implemented model of a social state. The method and characteristics of securing a state's social guarantees are set out in the Canadian Constitution. Based on the analysis of the law, the authors concluded about the social characteristics of this state in Canada. By analyzing the reflection of the principle of "government sociality" in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Canada, the authors summarized its impact on the problems of a welfare state.

This paper applies an intersectional lens to health in informal urban settlements in Freetown, Sierra Leone. We explored how intersecting social characteristics including gender, age, wealth, occup...

Study Objective: To compare clinical and social characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and organic mental conditions who committed a repeated socially dangerous acts (SDAs), not only in order to compare, but also to identify specific SDA risk factors. Study Design: comparative study. Materials and Methods. The study included 86 schizophrenia patients (study group) and 45 patients with organic mental conditions who committed SDAs, were found insane and were forced to undergo various court-appointed therapies for 2 and more times. In this study, we used the clinical psychopathologic method with due account to psychopathology and clinical statistic method as the main methods. Study Results. Hereditary load study demonstrated that in the study group (А) 35 (40.7%) out of 86 patients had hereditary exogenous conditions (pi < 0.05), while in controls (B) 9 (20%) out of 45 patients had such conditions (pi < 0.01). The number of patients without hereditary load was comparable in both groups: 45 (52.3%) vs. 24 (53.3%), respectively. In schizophrenia patients, only 6 (7%) patients had confirmed hereditary endogenous conditions, while in comparison group (B) this value was 9 (20%). Combined hereditary load was recorded only in controls: 3 (6.6%) patients. Almost all patients in comparison group (B) did not have a place work (44 (97.8%); pi < 0.01), while in the study group (A) the unemployed made 44 (51.1%). During the study, 45 (52.3%) patients in group (A) had associated bad habits (alcohol and drug abuse); 14 (16.3%) patients had both alcohol and drug abuse. 23 comparison group (B) patients had various bad habits; combined abuses were recorded in 8 (17.8%) cases. Alcohol and drug abuse were not diagnosed in 20 (23.2%) patients in study group and in 4 (8.9%) patients in controls. Conclusion. Data analysis demonstrates the clinical-social factors are noted in study groups and affect criminal behaviour and a probability of repeated SDAs in the future (with identification of factors specific for each nosological factor group). We have also identified differences in risk factors of a repeated SDA between patients with organic mental disorders and schizophrenia. Keywords: schizophrenia, organic mental disorders, repeated socially dangerous acts.

The relative sizes of secular and religious populations belong to the most important social characteristics of each country. In the wake of religious change, family behaviour, including marriage and childbearing, is likely to be altered. European demographic trends, including those of late childbearing and low fertility are also likely to change when there is a growth of religious groups where conversion/secularisation rates are low and childbearing levels are high. We project the membership size of the various religious groupings until 2051 for Austria, a country where the religion question is included in the census, allowing detailed and accurate projections to be made. We consider relative fertility rates, religion-specific emigration and immigration, conversion rates and intergenerational transmission of religious affiliation. Our estimates suggest that the Catholic proportion will decrease from 75% in 2001 to less than 50% in 2051. The Muslim population, which grew from 1% in 1981 to 4% in 2001, will represent 14% to 18% of the Austrian population by 2051, and could represent up to 32% of those below 15 years of age. The Protestants’ population share will be stable at around 4%, while up to 34% of the population will be without religion.

Throughout its European history, Australia has solved recurrent labor shortages by importing workers from overseas. Situated on shipping lanes between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the northern Australian pearlshelling industry became a significant locus of second-wave transnational labor flows (1870–1940) and by the 1880s was dependent on indentured workers from the Pacific and Southeast Asia. Exempted from the racially discriminatory Immigration Restriction Act of 1901, indentured Asian seamen, principally Japanese, maintained the industry until the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941. The Torres Strait pearlshelling industry, centered on Thursday Island in Far North Queensland, resumed in 1946 amid general agreement that the Japanese must not return. Nevertheless, in 1958, 162 Okinawan pearling indents arrived on Thursday Island in a controversial attempt to restore the industry's declining fortunes. This article is intended as a contribution to the history of transnational labor movements. It consults a range of sources to document this “Okinawan experiment,” the last large-scale importation of indentured Asian labor into Australia. It examines Australian Commonwealth-state tensions in formulating and adopting national labor policy; disputes among Queensland policy makers; the social characteristics of the Okinawan cohort; and local Indigenous reactions. Also discussed are the economics of labor in the final years of the Torres Strait pearling industry. This study thus extends our knowledge of transnational labor movements and the intersection of early postwar Australian-Asian relations with Queensland Indigenous labor policy. It also foreshadows contemporary Indigenous demands for control of local marine resources.

Up until now Russian and foreign researchers have been studying various aspects of servicemen for more than a century and a half. However, the problem of pre-reform police bureaucracy in the Ural has stayed out of the focus of academic discussion. Therefore, the author chose this subject for the research project. The study is based on the database compiled by the author from service records of 164 police officers of the Perm province for 1845 preserved in the State Archives of the Perm region. For a more objective approach to the social and service characteristics of police officers, the author sequentially built three collective portraits using the information from database: the chief of police, an executive officer, and a clerical officer. Although representatives of the nobility predominated among the police officers of local governments (zemstvo), mayors and police chiefs usually did not possess estates or serfs. Officials of a lower rank came, predominantly, from clerks, chief officers, and clergy children. Service practices also differed: police officers, mayors and police chiefs of local governments usually belonged to army officers incapable of further military service. Executive officials often began their career, albeit not in the police, but still in the civil service. An analysis of the demographic characteristics of the bureaucratic staff showes that the average age of police chiefs was 47 years, the rest of the executive ranks – about 39 years old, clerical officials – 27 years. According to the “Table of Ranks”, the executive ranks more rapid and successful career growth. At the same time, every third bailiff and quarterly overseer had a criminal record. And every fifth clerical official had negative attestation. This allows the conclusion about the low level of professionalism of the class police officers during the reign of Nicholas I. Against the background of an ever-growing range of law enforcement and administrative tasks of the police, the situation on the ground was problematic. Ultimately, this was one of the reasons for the reorganization of the police in 1862.

Chawki Rearing Centre (CRC) activity is recognized as private farmer-entrepreneurial activity in traditional sericulture districts of Karnataka. The present study analyzed the economic performance and factors discriminating entrepreneurial nature of CRCs in six traditional sericultural districts of Karnataka. Economics for one batch of rearing is presented along with b: C ratio by post categorizing CRCs based on brushing capacity. Among different categories of CRCs, the percentages of cost of mulberry leaf production varied between 16.62 and 22.74, while cost of chawki silkworm rearing varied between 77.26 and 83.38. The B: C ratios, after deducting 30, 000/month as salary paid to a supervisor/manager for every increase in 1.6 lakh dfls brushing were 1.16, 1.37, 1.51 and 1.48 in BC I, BC II, bC III and bC IV respectively. The discriminant function analysis indicated that, only the economic factors contribute more than the social characteristics to the success and failures of CRCs. Of the two economic factors studied, rearing cost will be the major and leaf cost will be next important factor.

Advancement in communication technologies has fostered alternative transport modes, such as ride-sharing. Ride-sharing aims to increase vehicle occupancy rates by matching riders with the drivers, who have empty seats on their vehicles and have similar routes and time schedules. Regarding to the success of a ride-sharing system, many researchers have been interested in efficient ride-matching algorithms. Ride-matching optimization problem is considered as NP-Hard Problem. In most of the ride-matching algorithms in the literature, to be able find matches at short notice some parameters were omitted. Hence, social characteristics and choices of participants, such as gender, age, employment status and willingness to socialize, were not included in many ride-matching algorithms. In this paper, the effects of including such factors in a ride-matching algorithm on the performance and the quality of the matches are investigated. Several ride-matching algorithms in the literature are simulated with randomly generated data. The simulation results show that when social factors are included the computation times and the quality of the matches increase significantly.

Gated communities are one of the patterns that emerged with the beginning of the sixties, to achieve security, safety and uniqueness of some elite classes, and then later moved to become a kind of communities that achieves distinction for some individuals with the highest income class in society. And those communities emerged in the nineties in Egypt with the economic transformations of the pattern of free economy. The research conducted a study of the reasons for the selection of users of these communities, the reasons for their transition to and the requirements for satisfaction with them. The aim is to develop a model for assessing the success of the gated community and analyzing the weaknesses within it. To this end, the research used Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM), to deal with problems of verbal assessments, criteria overlaps and complexities, and confirm model building information. The main criteria for the model consisted of urban characteristics, economic characteristics, social characteristics, environmental characteristics, and administrative characteristics. The Fuzzy Delphi Evaluation Model (FDEM) was applied to the Al-Rehab neighborhood in Cairo as a case study, and the results showed an average success for the neighborhood in meeting the requirements of residents, achieving a sense of security and safety at a low rate, achieving a distinctive lifestyle, and population satisfaction, at an average rate.