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Maytenus senegalensis s.l. es un arbusto tropical afro-asiático, relicto en la Península Ibérica, protegido por las normativas de Andalucía, Valencia y Murcia con la categoría VU. Está considerado uno de los taxones directrices del Hábitat de Interés Comunitario (HIC) 5220* (Matorrales arborescentes de Ziziphus lotus), circunscrito principalmente al extremo sureste de la Península Ibérica. Su límite occidental ibérico lo forman algunas poblaciones en la provincia de Málaga aisladas del resto (Manzano 2020, Acta Bot Malacit 45: 7-25). Estas poblaciones están fitosociológicamente caracterizadas (Pérez Latorre et al. 2008, Acta Bot Malacit 33: 215- 270), pero solo parcialmente cartografiadas por la Red de Información Ambiental de Andalucía (REDIAM, www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/ site/rediam). El objetivo es cartografiar en detalle las poblaciones conocidas de M. senegalensis en su límite occidental y su HIC asociado y realizar una valoración del estado de conservación (EC) de dichas poblaciones. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.

Background and objectives: The objective of this study was to establish reference values for hand grip strength, compare the results obtained with Collin and Jamar type dynamometers and determine their association with anthropometric and lean mass measurements. Material and methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was undertaken in Pizarra (Málaga, Spain). The grip strength of the dominant hand was measured using Collin and Jamar dynamometers. Skinfolds (triceps, abdominal, biceps of dominant arm and subscapular) were measured, and body composition was estimated. Eight hundred seventeen adults randomly selected from the census were recruited. Dynamometry reference values are presented for the dominant hand, by gender and age groups. Results: No determinations could be made with the Collin dynamometer in 69 women due to the difficulty in grasping the dynamometer. We found significant positive correlations between the measurements with Jamar and Collin dynamometers (r = 0.782; p < 0.001) and between grip strength and lean mass index (LMI), determined by both dynamometers (r = 0.538, p < 0.001 and r = 0.462, p < 0.001, respectively). Malnourished patients according to LMI had significantly lower grip strength than normally nourished patients (p < 0.001 for Jamar; p < 0.02 for Collin). Conclusions: Dynamometry reference values in the Spanish population are presented. We recommend the use of the Jamar type dynamometer versus the Collin type dynamometer. Hand grip dynamometry is associated with lean mass, which confirms its usefulness in nutritional assessment. Resumen Antecedentes y objetivos: no existen valores de normalidad en España con el dinamómetro Jamar. El objetivo fue determinar valores de normalidad de fuerza muscular, comparar los resultados obtenidos con los dinamómetros tipo Collin y tipo Jamar entre sí, y determinar su asociación con medidas antropométricas y de masa magra. Material y métodos: estudio transversal de base poblacional en Pizarra (Málaga). Se determinó la fuerza de prensión de la mano dominante mediante dinamómetros Collin y Jamar. Se midieron los pliegues cutáneos (tricipital, abdominal, bicipital del brazo dominante y subescapular) y se estimó la composición corporal. Se reclutaron 817 adultos seleccionados aleatoriamente del censo. Se presentan valores de referencia de dinamometría para la mano dominante, por género y grupos de edad. Resultados: no se pudieron realizar determinaciones con el dinamómetro Collin en 69 mujeres debido a la dificultad para agarrar el dinamómetro. Encontramos correlaciones positivas significativas entre las medidas de los dinamómetros Jamar y Collin (r = 0,782; p < 0,001) y entre la fuerza muscular determinada mediante ambos dinamómetros y el índice de masa magra (IMM) (r = 0,538, p < 0,001 y r = 0,462, p < 0,001, respectivamente). Los pacientes desnutridos según IMM presentaron una fuerza muscular significativamente menor a la de los pacientes normonutridos (p < 0,001 para Jamar y p < 0,02 para Collin). Conclusiones: se presentan valores de referencia de dinamometría en población española. Recomendamos el uso del dinamómetro tipo Jamar frente al dinamómetro tipo Collin. La dinamometría de mano se asocia con la masa magra, lo que avala su utilidad en la valoración nutricional.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found few common variants that influence fasting measures of insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that a GWAS of an integrated assessment of fasting and dynamic measures of insulin sensitivity would detect novel common variants. We performed a GWAS of the modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI) within the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium. Discovery for genetic association was performed in 16,753 individuals, and replication was attempted for the 23 most significant novel loci in 13,354 independent individuals. Association with ISI was tested in models adjusted for age, sex, and BMI and in a model analyzing the combined influence of the genotype effect adjusted for BMI and the interaction effect between the genotype and BMI on ISI (model 3). In model 3, three variants reached genome-wide significance: rs13422522 (NYAP2; P = 8.87 × 10(-11)), rs12454712 (BCL2; P = 2.7 × 10(-8)), and rs10506418 (FAM19A2; P = 1.9 × 10(-8)). The association at NYAP2 was eliminated by conditioning on the known IRS1 insulin sensitivity locus; the BCL2 and FAM19A2 associations were independent of known cardiometabolic loci. In conclusion, we identified two novel loci and replicated known variants associated with insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to clarify the causal variant and function at the BCL2 and FAM19A2 loci.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found few common variants that influence fasting measures of insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that a GWAS of an integrated assessment of fasting and dynamic measures of insulin sensitivity would detect novel common variants. We performed a GWAS of the modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI) within the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium. Discovery for genetic association was performed in 16,753 individuals, and replication was attempted for the 23 most significant novel loci in 13,354 independent individuals. Association with ISI was tested in models adjusted for age, sex, and BMI and in a model analyzing the combined influence of the genotype effect adjusted for BMI and the interaction effect between the genotype and BMI on ISI (model 3). In model 3, three variants reached genome-wide significance: rs13422522 (NYAP2; P = 8.87 × 10(-11)), rs12454712 (BCL2; P = 2.7 × 10(-8)), and rs10506418 (FAM19A2; P = 1.9 × 10(-8)). The association at NYAP2 was eliminated by conditioning on the known IRS1 insulin sensitivity locus; the BCL2 and FAM19A2 associations were independent of known cardiometabolic loci. In conclusion, we identified two novel loci and replicated known variants associated with insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to clarify the causal variant and function at the BCL2 and FAM19A2 loci.

Introducción: la valoración de los menús hospitalarios debe realizarse periódicamente para adecuarlos a las necesidades de los pacientes. El queso de cabra podría tener ventajas nutricionales, en comparación con el de vaca. Objetivos: evaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes con el menú hospitalario y con la incorporación del queso de cabra, dado como postre en el menú hospitalario vs queso de vaca. Material y métodos: se realizó una encuesta de satisfacción del menú hospitalario y del postre (queso de cabra (QC) vs queso de vaca (QV)) en pacientes con dietas basales. Resultados: se analizaron 334 encuestas. El 46,7% fueron mujeres. La edad media fue de 58,16 ± 15,15 años y la estancia media de 11,21 ± 11,53. La aceptación del menú hospitalario fue valorado como buena en un alto porcentaje de los encuestados (temperatura 91%, presentación 94%, humedad 75% y horario 84%). La satisfacción global del almuerzo (1 al 10) fue 7,31 ± 2,10 en QV vs 7,39 ± 1,75 QC (ns) y del postre 6,93 ± 2,89 vs 6,88 ± 3,52 (ns) respectivamente. Los pacientes que habitualmente no toman queso de cabra (57%) tampoco tomaron postre en el 50% de los casos, frente a los que sí toman en su domicilio (42,98%), que no ingirieron nada del postre solo en el 8% (p < 0.01) Conclusiones: la satisfacción global con el menú hospitalario es alta y la aceptación del nuevo postre (QC) es equivalente a la obtenida con el queso de vaca, por lo que podría incluirse en el código de dietas. Introduction: the evaluation of hospital menus should be performed periodically to suit the needs of patients. Goat cheese may have nutritional benefits, compared to cow cheese. Objectives: to evaluate patient satisfaction with the hospital menu and with the inclusion of goat cheese, given like dessert in hospital vs menu with cow cheese. Methods: a survey of hospital menu satisfaction and dessert (goat cheese (GC) vs cow cheese (CC)) in patients with basal diets was conducted. Results: 334 surveys were analyzed. 46.7% were women. The average age was 58.16 ± 15.15 years and the average stay of 11.21 ± 11.53. Acceptance of the hospital menu was rated as "good" in a high percentage of respondents (91% Temperature, presentation 94%, humidity 75% and 84% schedule). Overall satisfaction lunch (1 to 10) was 7.31 ± 2.10 en CC vs 7.39 ± 1.75 GC (ns) and dessert satisfaction was 6.93 ± 2.89 vs 6.88 ± 3.52 (ns) (respectively). Conclusions: the overall satisfaction with the hospital menu is high and the acceptance of new dessert (QC) is equivalent to acceptance obtained with cow cheese, which could be included in the code of diets.

Introducción: la valoración de los menús hospitalarios debe realizarse periódicamente para adecuarlos a las necesidades de los pacientes. El queso de cabra podría tener ventajas nutricionales, en comparación con el de vaca. Objetivos: evaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes con el menú hospitalario y con la incorporación del queso de cabra, dado como postre en el menú hospitalario vs queso de vaca. Material y métodos: se realizó una encuesta de satisfacción del menú hospitalario y del postre (queso de cabra (QC) vs queso de vaca (QV)) en pacientes con dietas basales. Resultados: se analizaron 334 encuestas. El 46,7% fueron mujeres. La edad media fue de 58,16 ± 15,15 años y la estancia media de 11,21 ± 11,53. La aceptación del menú hospitalario fue valorado como buena en un alto porcentaje de los encuestados (temperatura 91%, presentación 94%, humedad 75% y horario 84%). La satisfacción global del almuerzo (1 al 10) fue 7,31 ± 2,10 en QV vs 7,39 ± 1,75 QC (ns) y del postre 6,93 ± 2,89 vs 6,88 ± 3,52 (ns) respectivamente. Los pacientes que habitualmente no toman queso de cabra (57%) tampoco tomaron postre en el 50% de los casos, frente a los que sí toman en su domicilio (42,98%), que no ingirieron nada del postre solo en el 8% (p < 0.01) Conclusiones: la satisfacción global con el menú hospitalario es alta y la aceptación del nuevo postre (QC) es equivalente a la obtenida con el queso de vaca, por lo que podría incluirse en el código de dietas.

Table S1. Selected SNP genotyping distribution of WC separately by gender using a dominant genetic model. Table S2. TXN and COMT SNP genotyping distribution of metabolic syndrome using a dominant genetic model. Table S3. Metabolic syndrome-related characteristics of the study population categorized by TXN and COMT SNP genotype. Table S4. Correlation analysis between anthropometry and biochemical measurement categorized by TXN and COMT SNP genotype and case-control.

Objetivo: El reconocimiento del transexualismo como una condición clínica que debe ser atendida de forma disciplinaria es hoy una realidad bien establecida, pero la implementación de la atención sanitaria institucional dista mucho de haberse generalizado en España. El objetivo es conocer la situación actual de la organización asistencial a la transexualidad en el sistema sanitario público español. Método: Estudio descriptivo con los datos aportados por Grupo de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología sobre Identidad y Diferenciación Sexual (GIDSEEN). Se describe la dotación en las comunidades autónomas cuyas consejerías de salud han creado unidades específicas de atención a estos trastornos. Resultados: Nueve comunidades (55%) diseñan actuaciones, aunque sólo cuatro contemplan cirugías genitoplásticas. La primera en incluir todas las cirugías de reasignación sexual es Andalucía (año 1999). Madrid y Cataluña inician también en esta fecha atención especializada en salud mental y endocrinología, y no incluyen intervenciones y reconocimiento oficial hasta 2007 y 2008, respectivamente. A partir de 2007 se van incorporando otras autonomías. En este trabajo se registran 3303 pacientes (proporción: 1,9/1 transexuales hombre-mujer/transexuales mujer-hombre) y 864 actos quirúrgicos. La composición y dedicación de los especialistas, y la cartera de servicios, son muy diferentes en cada comunidad. Conclusiones: La distribución geográfica y la oferta terapéutica son dispares, con escasa incorporación de procedimientos genitoplásticos en la mayoría de comunidades. El número de solicitudes supera los cálculos estimados por el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Objective: Recognition of transexuality as a clinical entity for which medical attention should be available is currently a well-established reality, but institutional care has not been uniformly instituted throughout Spain. The aim of the present study was to determine the current situation of healthcare for transexualism in the publicly-funded health service in Spain. Materials and methods: A descriptive study based on data provided by the Spanish Society of Endocrinology Group on Identity and Sexual Differentiation was performed. The resources in the regions that have created specific gender units for these disorders are described. Results: Nine autonomous regions (55%) have started to provide various procedures, although only four provide genitoplastic procedures. The first region to include all sex reassignment surgeries was Andalusia (year 1999). At the same time, Madrid and Catalonia also began to provide specialized mental health care and endocrinology but did not include surgical procedures until 2007 and institutional recognition until 2008. Since 2007 other regions have incorporated healthcare for transsexual patients. Overall, 3,303 patients (a male-to female/female-to-male transsexual ratio of 1.9/1) and 864 surgical procedures have been registered in this study. The composition and proportion of working hours of specialists, as well as the kinds of treatments provided, differ widely in each region. Conclusions: The geographical distribution of healthcare to transsexual persons and the services provided vary. Few regions offer genitoplastic procedures. The number of applicants exceeds the number estimated by the national health system.

The Mediterranean diet was first considered to be a low-saturated fat diet that conveyed protection against coronary heart disease by lowering plasma total cholesterol levels. Later, the emphasis shifted away from the low-saturated-fat content of this diet toward its high content of olive oil and its overall constellation of characteristics. Moreover, there is now evidence that the Mediterranean diet benefits not only the risk for coronary heart disease but also cancer occurrence, total mortality, and longevity.

Ageing represents a great concern in developed countries because the number of people involved and the pathologies related with it, like atherosclerosis, morbus Parkinson, Alzheime's disease, vascular dementia, cognitive decline, diabetes and cancer. Epidemiological studies suggest that a Mediterranean diet (which is rich in virgin olive oil) decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The Mediterranean diet, rich in virgin olive oil, improves the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as the lipoprotein profile, blood pressure, glucose metabolism and antithrombotic profile. Endothelial function, inflammation and oxidative stress are also positively modulated. Some of these effects are attributed to minor components of virgin olive oil. Therefore, the definition of the Mediterranean diet should include virgin olive oil. Different observational studies conducted in humans have shown that the intake of monounsaturated fat may be protective against age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Microconstituents from virgin olive oil are bioavailable in humans and have shown antioxidant properties and capacity to improve endothelial function. Furthermore they are also able to modify the haemostasis, showing antithrombotic properties. In countries where the populations fulfilled a typical Mediterranean diet, such as Spain, Greece and Italy, where virgin olive oil is the principal source of fat, cancer incidence rates are lower than in northern European countries. The protective effect of virgin olive oil can be most important in the first decades of life, which suggests that the dietetic benefit of virgin olive oil intake should be initiated before puberty, and maintained through life. The more recent studies consistently support that the Mediterranean diet, based in virgin olive oil, is compatible with a healthier ageing and increased longevity. However, despite the significant advances of the recent years, the final proof about the specific mechanisms and contributing role of the different components of virgin olive oil to its beneficial effects requires further investigations. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

The satiating effects of cow dairy have been thoroughly investigated; however, the effects of goat dairy on appetite have not been reported so far. Our study investigates the satiating effect of two breakfasts based on goat or cow dairy and their association with appetite related hormones and metabolic profile. Healthy adults consumed two breakfasts based on goat (G-Breakfast) or cow (C-Breakfast) dairy products. Blood samples were taken and VAS tests were performed at different time points. Blood metabolites were measured and Combined Satiety Index (CSI) and areas under the curves (AUC) were calculated. Desire to eat rating was significantly lower (breakfast & time interaction p < 0.01) and hunger rating tended to be lower (breakfast & time interaction p = 0.06) after the G-breakfast. None of the blood parameters studied were different between breakfasts; however, AUCGLP-1 was inversely associated with the AUChunger and AUCdesire-to-eat after the G-Breakfast, whereas triglyceride levels were directly associated with AUCCSI after the C-Breakfast. Our results suggest a slightly higher satiating effect of goat dairy when compared to cow dairy products, and pointed to a potential association of GLP-1 and triglyceride levels with the mechanisms by which dairy products might affect satiety after the G-Breakfast and C-Breakfast, respectively.

Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM; ISCIII Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion); Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo; Spanish Diabetes Society (SED), Brugnara, L., Murillo, S., Novials, A., Rojo-Martínez, G., Soriguer, F., Goday, A., Calle-Pascual, A., Castaño, L., Gaztambide, S., Valdés, S., Franch, J., Castell, C., Vendrell, J., Casamitjana, R., Bosch-Comas, A., Bordiú, E., Carmena, R., Catalá, M., Delgado, E., Girbés, J., López-Alba, A., Martínez-Larrad, M.T., Menéndez, E., Mora-Peces, I., Pascual-Manich, G., Serrano-Ríos, M., Gomis, R., Ortega, E.