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Turistički potencijal Andaluzije je od strane Španjolskih vlasti i stranih ulagača prepoznata još sredinom prošlog stoljeća. Reljef je pokrajini omogućio razvoj različitih vrsta turizma. Broj sunčanih dana u godini i idealna klima su omogućili Andaluziji razvoj turizma tijekom cijele godine i time smanjenje sezonalnosti. Bogata prirodna baština Andaluzije je strogo zaštićena i uređena za posjetitelje da nemaju negativan utjecaj na zaštićenu prirodu. Priroda koja je neponovljiva i jedinstvena je jedna od glavnih atrakcija Andaluzije. Obale Costa del Sol i Costa del la Luz su dvije najveće i najpoznatije obale Andaluzije. Dok je Costa del Sol daleko atraktivnija, Costa del la Luz nudi posjetiteljima netaknutu prirodu i turistički neotkriveni dio Andaluzije. Međutim, nije samo priroda koja privlači veliki broj turista u Andaluziju. Kroz povijest je područjem Andaluzije prolazilo više različitih vladara i različitih kultura koje se sa sobom donijele i ostavile dio svoje kulture što Andaluziju čini kulturno raznolikom regijom i time turistički atraktivnom. Najbrojnije kulturno – povijesne spomenike iza sebe su ostavili Arapi i Mauri koji je vladali područjem Andaluzije skoro 8 stoljeća. UNESCO je na svoj popis svjetske kulturne baštine stavio 6 znamenitosti koje se nalaze u Andaluziji, što turistima daje dodatna motiv za odlazak u tu pokrajinu. Bogata kultura i povijest ne čine samo spomenici, muzeji i ostale građevine, već običaji i manifestacije. Veliki broj manifestacija u Andaluziji su vezane za religijske događaje i folklor. Većina manifestacija se održava za vrijeme ljetnih mjeseci. Tipična obilježja manifestacija su glazba, ples, šarene boje, tradicionalna odjeća i visoka posjećenost. Turistička potražnja se neprestano mijenjaju. Potreba za širenje turističke ponude Andaluzije je dovela do razvoja turizma posebnih interesa u Andaluziji. Od turizma posebnih interesa su najčešće zastupljeni eko turizam, ruralni turizam, kulturni turizam i sportsko – rekreativni turizam. Širenje turističke ponude pokazalo se uspješnim potezom, što potvrđuju i statistički podatci. Prema podatcima iz 2021. godine, Andaluzija je 4. pokrajina Španjolske po broju noćenja, s više od 6 milijuna noćenja. Očuvanjem kulturne i prirodne baštine, stvaranjem novih turističkih sadržaja i širenjem turističke ponude, Andaluzija može biti primjer mnogim državama i regijama koje svoje prihode ostvaruju od turizma. The tourism potential of Andalusia has been recognized by the Spanish authorities and foreign investors since the mid-20th century. The region's relief has allowed the development of various types of tourism. The number of sunny days per year and the ideal climate have enabled year-round tourism in Andalusia, reducing seasonality. The rich natural heritage of Andalusia is strictly protected and managed for visitors to have no negative impact on the protected nature. The unique and unparalleled nature is one of the main attractions of Andalusia. The coasts of Costa del Sol and Costa de la Luz are the two largest and most famous coastlines in Andalusia. While Costa del Sol is more attractive, Costa de la Luz offers visitors untouched nature and an undiscovered tourist area of Andalusia. However, it is not only nature that attracts a large number of tourists to Andalusia. Throughout history, Andalusia has been ruled by various rulers and cultures that have brought and left a part of their culture, making Andalusia a culturally diverse and therefore tourist-attractive region. The Moors, who ruled the region of Andalusia for almost eight centuries, left behind the largest number of cultural and historical monuments. UNESCO has included six landmarks in Andalusia on its list of world cultural heritage sites, which gives tourists an additional motive to visit the province. Rich culture and history are not only represented by monuments and museums, but also by festivals. A large number of events in Andalusia are related to religious events and folklore. Most of the events take place during the summer months. Typical features of these events are music, dance, vibrant colors, traditional clothing, and high attendance. Tourist demands are constantly changing. The need to expand the tourism offer of Andalusia has led to the development of special interest tourism in the region. The most commonly represented forms are ecotourism, rural tourism, cultural tourism, and sports and recreational tourism. The expansion of the tourism offer has proven to be a successful move, as confirmed by statistical data. According to data from 2021, Andalusia is the 4th province in Spain in terms of overnight stays, with over 6 million overnight stays. By preserving cultural and natural heritage, creating new tourist attractions, and expanding the tourism offer, Andalusia can serve as an example to many countries and regions that generate their income from tourism.

This paper presents research focused on the post-pandemic opportunities of special interest tourism development, through elaboration of the stakeholders' perspectives on sustainable valorisation of local natural and cultural heritage in the changing global context. The main goal of the research was to analyse the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on key stakeholders’ activities and their attitudes towards future sustainable tourism development. The empirical research has been realised in the Municipality of Vrsar, a typical Mediterranean tourist destination characterised by mass tourism and high seasonality. The research was based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including a literature review, semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders’ representatives and a tourists' attitudes survey. The conducted research indicated that the current pandemic could be seen also as an opportunity for all key stakeholders to reflect on the sustainability of the existing tourism practices and develop products which will be more nature-friendly and respond to new needs and expectations of changing tourist demand. The new, more sustainable, post-pandemic model of participatory governance in cultural and tourism development should involve all interested stakeholders, by developing a distinctive offer for special interest tourist segments which could disperse demand in time and space and prolong the tourism season.

The thesis is about creating an understanding of the phenomenon “dark tourism”,finding out what people know about the concept and looking at what places people havevisited that fall under the definition of dark tourism. But also look at whether darktourism is really that “dark”. The study is based on a survey that was posted on socialmedia (Facebook) and the questions were based on the typical definition on darktourism according to Lennon & Foley (2000). The questions were about whether therespondents had heard the term dark tourism, what they thought dark tourism wasand how often they had visited the “typical” dark tourism sites or attractions. The resultof the study shows that very few had heard of the term dark tourism and that a few ofthe respondents had visited these places.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a ‘trigger event’ which is remoulding new patterns of demand and supply for the tourism sector. For policy makers and destination managers it highlights the potential significance of niche tourism products. South Africa is viewed as fertile terrain for the promotion of different forms of niche tourism. The aim is to investigate international and South African research debates concerning niche tourism. The paper analyses the conceptual development of niche tourism, international debates, the (re-) emergence of niche tourism on the policy agenda of tourism stakeholders in South Africa and the state of existing literature and debates surrounding niche tourism in the country. The article represents a contribution to the growing and vibrant scholarship around niche tourism and change in the global South.

The aim of this study is to analyze the potential of the local wisdom in Desa Wisata Wates Jaya which can be developed into attractions in cultural and gastronomic tourism packages. Furthermore, the design of the right development model is also carried out so that the development of this tourist village can be more optimal. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with primary data obtained through observation, FDG and in-depth interviews with four informants as tourism village managers, village elders, and village culinary activists. The results showed that Desa Wisata Wates Jaya has many potential cultural and gastronomic tourism attractions which can be developed into a choice of tour packages as an alternative tourist attraction in this village. As part of special interest tourism, cultural and gastronomic tourism prepared for certain typology of tourist that is different from mass tourism tourist. Therefore, the tourism activities offered are more focused on providing experiences by engaging directly in local people's daily activities that are integrated with nature. For the development model, a modification of the Pentahelix model is designed in which the 5 elements are grouped into 3 clusters, namely the community/society and the government as the main actors, academics and business as supporters, and the media as supporters.

Purpose - Niche tourism refers to how to use a particular tourism product tailored to the needs of a particular segment of the market. Places with niche tourism products are able to achieve a high position and consolidate their future position in the tourism market. This type of tourism helps distinguish tourism products by creating an image of the destination and helping compete in the increasingly crowded environment of the tourism market. This paper investigates and analyzes the niche tourism attractions in Ghaleh Rudkhan tourist destination village using activity-based segmentation, the attitudes of the host community in dealing with niche tourism development, and the ability to implement tourism projects and socio-economic factors influencing tourism development in the region, which eventually offers solutions to overcome the current and potential challenges in the study area. To collect the data, interview-based methods, focus group interviews, individual observations and analysis of the documents obtained from different sources were used. Design/methodology/approach - A questionnaire was designed and distributed among 383 tourists and 190 rural employees. The data of this study were mainly evaluated using thematic and content analysis methods. Besides, we have also introduced the niche tourism potentials and tourism activities in the region. Finding - The results show that thanks to the economic and social opportunities, local communities support tourism development in Ghaleh Rudkhan; however, the challenges associated with tourism marketing, event management, uncertainty of private sector investors and environmental issues must be addressed through a participatory approach.

Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konaklama İşletmeciliği Ana Bilim Dalı, Son yıllarda dünyada ve turizm sektöründe yaşanan hızlı gelişmeler ile birlikte, tüketicilerin seyahat trendlerinde değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Bireyler popüler turistik destinasyonlar yerine daha bireysel ve farklı deneyimlerin yaşandığı, özel ilgilerine hitap eden destinasyonlara yönelmektedir. Bu noktada eğlence ve korku temalı karanlık turizm destinasyonları, alışılmışın dışında bir seyahat deneyimi sunmaktadır. Türkiye’de “eğlence ve korku” barındıran karanlık turizm destinasyonları çok kısıtlı olup, genellikle korku evleri ve temalı parklar şeklindedir. Ancak her yıl Edirne’nin Keşan ilçesine bağlı Çamlıca köyünde düzenlenen Bocuk Gecesi, sahip olduğu korku ve eğlence temasıyla Türkiye’nin patentli ilk ve tek korku festivali olma özelliğine sahiptir. Dolayısıyla tescili alınmış bu festivalin korunarak devamlılığının sağlanması ve turizm potansiyelinin geliştirilmesi için yerel halkın ve diğer paydaşların desteği oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırmada yerel halkın, Edirne’nin Keşan ilçesine bağlı Çamlıca köyünde her yıl Ocak ayında düzenlenen Bocuk Gecesi festivaline ilişkin algıları ve festivalden memnuniyet düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, yerel halkın görüş ve desteğini alarak festivalin mevcut durumunu ortaya koymak ve bu organizasyonun geliştirilerek daha uzun ömürlü olmasına katkı sağlamak araştırmanın bir diğer amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda araştırmanın örneklemi, Çamlıca köyünde yaşayan 18 yaş ve üstü bireylerdir. Araştırmada, tesadüfi olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi seçilerek, 249 kişiye bir kısmı çevrimiçi bir kısmı ise yüz yüze olmak üzere anket uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler faktör analizi, regresyon analizi ve farklılık analizleri yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, katılımcılar Bocuk Gecesi’nin en fazla bireysel, kentsel ve sosyo-kültürel etkilerini olumlu algılamaktadır. Kentsel, bireysel ve ekonomik faktörlerin yerel halkın festival memnuniyet düzeylerini etkileyen en önemli faktörler olduğu da tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun (%91,4) Çamlıca köyünde Bocuk Gecesi düzenlenmesinden memnun olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada, yerel halkın görüşlerinin de bu sürece dâhil edilerek, Bocuk Gecesi’nin turizm potansiyelinin geliştirilmesi ve devamlılığının sağlanması için çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur., In recent years, with the rapid developments in the world and in the tourism sector, changes have occurred in the travel trends of consumers. Instead of popular touristic destinations, individuals tend towards destinations that appeal to their special interests, where more individual and different experiences are experienced. At this point, entertainment and horror themed dark tourism destinations offer an unusual travel experience. Dark tourism destinations that host “entertainment and fear” in Turkey are very limited, usually in the form of horror houses and theme parks. However, Bocuk Night, which is held every year in Çamlıca village of Keşan district of Edirne, has the distinction of being Turkey's first and only patented horror festival with its fear and entertainment theme. Therefore, the support of the local people and other stakeholders is very important for the preservation and continuity of this registered festival and for the development of its tourism potential. In this research, it is aimed to determine the perceptions and satisfaction levels of the local people about the Bocuk Night festival, which is held every year in January in Çamlıca village of Edirne's Keşan district. In addition, another aim of the research is to reveal the current status of the festival by receiving the opinions and support of the local people and to contribute to the development of this organization and its longevity. In this context, the sample of the research is individuals aged 18 and over living in Çamlıca village. In the study, convenience sampling method was chosen from the non-random sampling methods, and a questionnaire was applied to 249 people, some online and some face-to-face. The data obtained were evaluated by factor analysis, regression analysis and difference analysis. According to the results of the research, the participants perceive the most positive individual, urban and socio cultural effects of Bocuk Night. It has also been determined that urban, individual and economic factors are the most important factors affecting the festival satisfaction levels of the local people. In addition, it was concluded that the majority of the participants (91.4%) were satisfied with the Bocuk Night in Çamlıca village. In the research, various suggestions have been presented for the development and continuity of the tourism potential of Bocuk Night by including the views of the local people in this process.

Η παρούσα εργασία πραγματεύεται ζητήματα σχετικά με το λογοτεχνικό τουρισμό. Γίνεται αναφορά στο φαινόμενο του τουρισμού και ιδιαίτερα στον τουρισμό ειδικού ενδιαφέροντος. Αναλύεται ο λογοτεχνικός τουρισμός και παρουσιάζονται τρεις δημοφιλείς λογοτεχνικές διαδρομές ως καλές πρακτικές. Στο τελευταίο μέρος της εργασίας προτείνεται μια λογοτεχνική διαδρομή στην Κεφαλονιά, με βάση το βραβευμένο μυθιστόρημα «Το Μαντολίνο του Λοχαγού Κορέλι» του Louis de Bernieres. Η εργασία έχει σκοπό να αναγνωρίσει τις προοπτικές ανάπτυξης της συγκεκριμένης μορφής τουρισμού διεθνώς και ειδικότερα στην Ελλάδα, να προσδιορίσει τα ιδιαίτερα γνωρίσματα του λογοτεχνικού τουρισμού που τον καθιστούν ξεχωριστό σε σχέση με οποιαδήποτε άλλη μορφή τουρισμού και να προτείνει μια λογοτεχνική διαδρομή στην Ελλάδα που θα αποτελέσει πόλο έλξης για τους τουρίστες και μοχλό ανάπτυξης για την τοπική κοινωνία. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι, ο λογοτεχνικός τουρισμός για πολλές χώρες του κόσμου αποτελεί μια ανερχόμενη τάση της τουριστικής βιομηχανίας. Στην Ελλάδα ακόμη γίνονται τα πρώτα βήματα προς την ανάπτυξη του λογοτεχνικού τουρισμού. Παρά το γεγονός πως υπάρχει η βάση για να αναπτυχθεί στη χώρα ο λογοτεχνικός τουρισμός, οι εθνικές τουριστικές πολιτικές δεν έχουν δώσει έμφαση σε αυτή τη μορφή τουρισμού. Συμπεραίνεται ότι, ο λογοτεχνικός τουρισμός μπορεί να αποτελέσει μέρος της στρατηγικής της χώρας για την ανάπτυξη τουρισμού δώδεκα μήνες το χρόνο, που αποτελεί και προτεραιότητα της εθνικής πολιτικής. Απαιτείται σχεδιασμός και προώθηση αυτής της μορφής στις τοποθεσίες που ενδείκνυνται για λογοτεχνικό τουρισμό., This diploma thesis deals with issues related to literary tourism. Reference is made to the conceptual content of tourism and special interest tourism. The concept of literary tourism is analyzed and three popular literary routes indicated as good practices are presented. In the last part of the diploma thesis, a literary route in Greece is suggested, based on the award winning novel “Captain Corelli’s Mandolin” written by Louis de Bernieres. The scope of this diploma thesis is to recognize the development prospects of this form of tourism internationally and especially in Greece, to identify the particular features of literary tourism that make it special in relation to any other form of tourism and to propose a literary route in Greece that will attract tourists and will be a driver of local growth. The results show that literary tourism, for many countries of the world, constitutes a rising trend in the tourism industry. In Greece, the first steps are still being taken towards the development of literary tourism. Despite the fact that there is a basis in the country for the development of literary tourism, national tourism policies have not put an emphasis on this form of tourism. It is concluded that literary tourism can be part of the country's strategy for the development of tourism twelve months a year, which is also a priority of our national policy. What is required is planning and promotion of this form of tourism in places that are appropriate for literary tourism.

Turizam je dinamična, interaktivna kategorija koja se konstantno razvija. Mjerilo razvijenosti turizma prestaje biti isključivo broj noćenja i prihod države, već se puno očekuje od kvalitete, raznolikosti i specifičnosti turističke ponude. Novi turist je istraživač i teži otkrivanju nepoznatog, jedinstvenim iskustvima i izvornim doživljajima koji još nisu turistički komodificirani. Prilagodba suvremenim trendovima u turizmu jedini je način na koji nositelji turističke ponude mogu napredovati i unapređivati svoju destinaciju. Ostvarivanje koristi i minimiziranje negativnih utjecaja na lokalnu zajednicu jedan je od ključnih elemenata u održivom planiranju razvoja turizma. Održivost kao pojam je postala jednom od vodećih pretpostavki budućeg razvoja u gotovo svim sferama života. Održivi razvoj općenito, a u okviru njega i održivi razvoj turizma temelji se na ideji ˝Misli globalno, djeluj lokalno˝. Najupečatljiviji doživljaji su oni koji omogućavaju aktivno uključivanje potrošača u neki događaj i njihovu potpunu zaokupljenost tim događajem. S tog aspekta je u studiji slučaja predstavljen jedan proizvod inovativnog doživljaja outdoor turizma, odnosno cikloturistički proizvod koji udovoljava svim načelima održivosti ali i ostalim potrebama suvremenog turista. Tourism is a dynamic, interactive category that continuously evolves. The measure of tourism development level is no longer the number of overnights and total income but there are increased demands on quality, diversity, and uniqueness of tourist offer. New tourist is an explorer and seeks to find the unknown, unique and authentic experiences that are still not touristically commodified. Adjustment to contemporary trends in tourism is the only way to enable the progress and evolvement of the destination. Assuring benefits and minimizing negative influences on the local community is one of the key elements in sustainable tourism development. Sustainability as such had become one of the primary predispositions of future development in all life aspects. The motto of sustainable development is ˝Think global, act local˝. Most memorable experiences are the ones that enable the active participation of all participants. Considering this aspect, during the case study an innovative outdoor experience is presented; a cycling tourism product that follows all sustainability principles but contemporary tourist needs as well.

Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, Vol 9, No 9 (2018): S.I. Fashion between Heritage and Tourism

У статті розглянуті тенденції та перспективи розвитку індустрії гостинності, а також деякі найперспективніші інноваційні digital-рішення у сфері надання послуг кейтерингу для MICE-заходів: цифрові ваучери, гастро-меппінг, набори для онлайн-кейтерингу. Приділено увагу комплексному підходу до формування інноваційних бізнес-моделей на основі digital-трансформації. Криза, що була викликана пандемією COVID-19, поставила на межу банкрутства значну частину економічних агентів. У такій ситуації на економічне процвітання можуть розраховувати ті суб'єкти підприємницької діяльності, які оперативно відмовляться від застарілих бізнес-моделей. Тільки комплексне та системне використання інноваційних рішень, формування нових інноваційних бізнес-моделей здатне забезпечити підприємство конкурентною перевагою та запобігти негативному сценарію розвитку подій. У статті вдосконалено підхід та розроблено практичні рекомендації щодо впровадження конкретних інноваційних цифрових технологій у базові компоненти бізнес-процесів з метою формування нової бізнес-моделі на основі комплексного використання digital-рішень. The purpose of this paper is: to study the trends and prospects for the hospitality industry; to clarify the possibilities of using the most promising innovative digital solutions in catering services for MICE-Events (digital vouchers, gastro-mapping, online catering kits, etc.); to improve a comprehensive approach to building innovative business models based on the digital transformation of catering firms specializing in meeting the needs of the MICE-Industry. The COVID-19 pandemic crisis has brought a large proportion of economic agents to the brink of bankruptcy. In such a situation, only those business entities that promptly abandon outdated business models can count on economic prosperity. Only comprehensive and systematic use of innovative solutions, the creation of new innovative business models can provide the company with a competitive advantage and prevent a negative scenario. Research methods. When studying the trends of the hospitality industry in Ukraine, statistical methods of time series analysis were used. Theoretical and applied analysis of digital technologies, promising from the point of view of application in catering support of MICE-Events, was carried out using logical-analytical and system-structural research methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in clarifying the prospects and features of the introduction of digital technologies in the field of catering for the MICE-Industry. The study of the mechanism of digital transformation of business models has been further developed. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of their use in tactical and strategic planning of the activities of firms specializing in the provision of catering services for MICE-Events. Prospects for further research may be related to the concept of sustainable development in the implementation of theoretical and applied analysis of digital transformation of business processes of firms specializing in the provision of catering services for MICE-Events.

Olive oil tourism is a recent development in the countries of the Mediterranean basin, but it is now spreading to other regions of the world. The main reasons people are choosing this special interest tourism (SIT) are to find out about the culture surrounding olive oil and to enjoy the whole host of activities related to the product. This has led to the creation of strong links between olive oil tourism and other types of special interest tourism. The studies undertaken thus far to characterise the profile of olive oil tourism&rsquo, s demand, and its motivations, expectations and needs, have been limited and partial, focusing on specific cases. Therefore, this paper aims to take a closer look at the demand for olive oil tourism. Based on a survey of 609 visitors to olive oil mills in the south of Spain, olive oil tourists were segmented according to the type of trip and the olive oil tourism experience enjoyed during the trip, using a two-step cluster analysis. The results obtained enabled us to identify four segments with well-differentiated behaviours, which will help stakeholders, policy makers and destination managers to reach decisions, with a view to adapting their product to the expectations and needs of potential customers.

Olive oil tourism is an emerging activity that is sparking a growing interest among tourists seeking to partake in this experience and the self-fulfilment it offers. An ever-greater number of olive oil mills are diversifying their businesses to incorporate this type of tourism. In this article, olive oil tourism is characterized as a type of special interest tourism (SIT), under a demand-side approach. Based on quantitative research carried out with olive oil tourists, which examined the aspects of the destination they value, as well as their preferences and motivations for consumption, this article proposes four dimensions that are considered key for characterizing olive oil tourism as SIT: experience, sustainability awareness, the promotion of local culture, and the image of status and prestige held by the tourist. This proposal to characterize olive oil tourism as a type of SIT can contribute to the development of more effective and successful marketing strategies that orient olive oil tourism towards services that tourists value and demand. In turn, this will have an impact in terms of wealth creation for rural olive oil producing areas.

Crni turizam je sve popularnija istraživačka tema za turističku industriju. To je je vrsta turizma povezana sa smrću, patnjom i tragedijom. Pozornost koja se pridaje događajima smrti, patnje i zločinstva i kasnijem razvoju tamnih turističkih mjesta pripisuje se prirođenoj ljudskoj znatiželji prema smrtnosti i mračnijim aspektima čovječanstva. Turisti koji putuju na takva mjesta uspostavljaju vezu s prošlošću i suosjećaju s ljudima koji su patili u prošlosti. Samim time oni zadovoljavaju svoje kulturne potrebe. To je posebna vrsta turizma koja se ne sviđa svima, ali ima važnu ulogu u odražavanju prošlosti i sadašnjosti, pružanju informacija i izazivanju ne samo osobnih emocija, već i šire rasprave o tamnoj strani povijesti i čovječanstva. Postoje brojni razlozi za posjetom mjesta crnog turizma. Crni turisti često namjerno traže nova iskustva ili nove avanture radi stjecanja znanja i razumijevanja o onome što ne znaju. U ovom slučaju interpretacija igra kritičnu ulogu u iskustvima. Crni turizam kanal je promatranja tema povezanih sa smrću i patnjom sigurno iz daljine. Emotivni i obrazovni motivi su snažni, kao i traženje vlastite baštine, prepuštanje radoznalosti i potrazi za nostalgijom. Glavni cilj ovog rada je predstaviti pregled literature o novom turističkom proizvodu, gdje je potraga za uzbuđenjem glavna motivacija. Osim toga cilj je predstaviti definicije, povijest i evoluciju crnog turizma i identificirati najvažnija crna turistička mjesta u cijelom svijetu. Rad daje spoj akademskog i praktičnog uvida u aspekt turizma koji je često pogrešno shvaćen, pa čak i pogrešno protumačen. Dark tourism has become increasingly popular reasearch topic in the tourist industry. It is a type of tourism that is associated with death, suffering and tragedy.The attention given to the events of death, suffering and crime and the subsequent development of dark tourist spots is attributed to the inherent human curiosity for mortality and the darker aspects of humanity. Tourists who travel to those destionations reconnect with the past and sympathize with people who suffered at certain points in our history. In that way those tourists satisfied their cultural needs. It is a special kind of tourism not liked by everybody, but which has important roles in not allowing the past to be forgotten and connecting it with our present. It provides us with information and stirs up not only personal emotions but also initiates wide-ranging discussions about the dark side of our history and the human kind in general. There are numerous reasons to visit those sites of the dark tourism. Dark tourists are often intentionally seeking for new experiences or new adventures to gain knowledge and understanding of what they do not know. In this case, interpretation plays a critical role in experiences. The dark tourism makes it possible for us to observe the issues connected with death and suffering from a distance. Emotional and educational motives are very powerful as are searching for our own heritage, satisfying our curiosity and indulging in nostalgia. The main goal of this thesis is to present the literature overview of the new touristic product whose main motivation is to search for some excitement, furthermore, to give its definitions and to intruduce the history and evolution of the dark tourism in the whole world. The thesis provides joined academic and practical insight into the aspect of tourism which is often misunderstood and misinterpreted.

The paper elaborates the sustainable development potential of the Brijuni Islands as a special interest tourism destination. The purpose of the research was to find a model for future development based on the local best practice and tourist tradition. The main aim of the research was to explore the history of tourism of the Brijuni Islands as an elite tourist resort and, at the same time, a model for the development of special interest tourism, such as health, cultural, sport and recreational, congress and eco-tourism. The conducted archival and field research and content analysis of the first tourist publications and rare archival documents (such as the ‘Kupelwieser Collection’) has shown that a local tourist tradition could be used as a model of good practice in reflection on sustainable tourism development of the National Park Brijuni. Previous research has shown that Brijuni have positioned and branded themselves as an elite health spa and seaside resort, a cultural tourism destination, ‘the islands of sports and entertainment’, as well as a destination for high-level international meetings and as an eco-tourism destination. In their turbulent history, from the Roman era to modern times, the Brijuni Islands have had a significant economic function related to elite leisure, but also a prominent political and diplomatic role as a residence. The conducted research has shown that the beginnings of tourism development of Brijuni Islands were related to ambitious plans for the development of health, cultural and eco-tourism, and that the need for an attraction base and demand for such special interest segments still exists today. The author will show how Brijuni’s rich historical, cultural and natural heritage could be adequately presented, valorised and interpreted, using and reinterpreting the local cultural and tourism history in the new global context and in strategic thinking about a sustainable future

В статье определено содержание понятия темный туризм . Выявлены его виды и особенности. На основе статистических данных проведен анализ мирового рынка темного туризма, проанализирована его динамика. Предложена авторская классификация отечественного темного туризма, которая основывается на существующих в России ресурсах - туристских дестинациях, объектах архитектуры, достопримечательностях. Определены категории темных туристов и приведена соответствующая классификация., №4 (2020)

The primary objective of this article is to highlight the importance and the potential for the development of special interest tourism, in the example of two post-conflict target destinations within the territories of Croatia and Slovakia. The basic ideological platform of the article is to define sociological and psychological aspects of special interest tourism, and dark tourism as a reflection of the current society, in the trend of increasing demand for places from the distant or recent past, in which some tragedy or misfortune took place.

Selektivni oblici turizma predstavljaju protutežu masovnom obliku turizma te se temelji na specifičnim interesima turista i motivima dolaska u turističku destinaciju. Postoje razne definicije i podjele za selektivni turizam, no najvažnije je napomenuti kako se temelje na prirodnim i antropogenim resursima, odnosno na resursnoj osnovi turističke destinacije. Što je turistička destinacija bogatija resursima, to je veća mogućnost za razvoj širokog raspona selektivnih oblika turizma. Selektivni oblici turizma podrazumijevaju uključivanje lokalne kulture, domaćih i autohtonih proizvoda toga kraja, visoko personaliziranu uslugu i visoku kvalitetu usluge. Održivost i održivi razvoj usko su povezani sa selektivnim oblicima turizma te je u posljednje vrijeme sve veći naglasak na tome s obzirom da bi se turizam trebao planirati i osmišljavati planski i strateški te sukladno tome i razvijati. Zbog sprječavanja prekomjerne devastacije okoliša te neobnovljivih prirodnih resursa, potrebno je sve češće u rad poduzeća implementirati načela održivog upravljanja i razvijanja turističkih aktivnosti. Glavna svrha ovog rada je utvrditi razlike između razvoja selektivnih oblika turizma Republike Hrvatske i Austrije te definirati na čemu počivaju razlike i potvrditi postavljene hipoteze u radu. Cilj ovog rada je definirati važnost i potrebu održivog razvoja selektivnih oblika turizma i načine implementacije u daljnji razvoj turizma. Special interest tourism counterbalances the mass form of tourism based on the specific interests of tourists and the motives for arriving at a tourist destination. There are various definitions for and divisions of special interest tourism, and there is no way to explain how natural and anthropogenic resources can be on the resource base of tourist destinations. The more resource-rich a tourist destination is, the greater the opportunity to develop the widely available selective form of tourism. Special interest tourism involves the inclusion of local cultures, local and indigenous products in the area, and highly personalized, high quality service. Sustainability and sustainable development are closely linked to the selective forms of tourism, which have been increasingly emphasized in recent times, since tourism should be planned in a thorough and strategic way and, accordingly, developed. In order to prevent excessive devastation of the environment and independent natural resources, it is increasingly necessary to implement the principle of sustainable management and development of tourism activities in the work of enterprises. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the differences between the development of special interest tourism in the Republic of Croatia and Austria, and to define the differences to confirm the hypotheses in the paper. The aim of this paper is to define the importance and the need for the sustainable development of special interest tourism and its implementation in the further development of tourism.

Kamping turizam predstavlja poseban oblik turizma čija atraktivnost se bazira na provođenju vremena u prirodi te u suštini predstavlja jedinstvenu priliku za odmak od uobičajene rutine. Tema ovog rada je „Kamping turizam Republike Hrvatske“ s osobnim osvrtom na Fratarski otok kao primjer jedinstvene kamping destinacije u Hrvatskoj. Teorijskim objašnjenjem bazičnih odrednica turizma te selektivnih oblika turizma postavljaju se temelji za razumijevanje kamping turizma kao selektivnog oblika turizma. Kroz rad se nastoji ukazati na značaj kamping turizma kao djela ponude turizma Hrvatske kroz prikaz povijesnog razvoja te analizu trenutne kamping ponude na hrvatskom turističkom tržištu kako bi se istaknule njegove snage, slabosti, prilike i prijetnje. Kroz analizu poslovanja Kampa Fratarski otok utvrđuje se njegov potencijal za pozicioniranje kao jedinstvene kamping destinacije čija snaga leži u netaknutoj prirodi i robinzonskom konceptu kampiranja u pravom smislu riječi. Camping tourism is a special form of tourism whose attractiveness is based on spending time in nature and in essence represents a unique opportunity to break away from normal routines. Topic of this thesis is „Camping tourism in Republic of Croatia“ with a personal review of Fratarski Island as an example of a unique camping destination in Croatia. Theoretical explanation of basic tourism determinants and selective forms of tourism lay the foundations for understanding camping as a selective form of tourism. The paper tries to highlight the importance of camping tourism as a part of Croatia's tourism offerings through the historical development and analysis of the current camping offer on the Croatian tourist market in order to highlight its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Through the analysis of the business activities of the Camp Fratarski Island, it is determined its positioning potential as a unique camping destination whose strength lies in untouched nature and the Robinson concept of camping in the true sense of the word.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, doğa ve macera rekreasyonu etkinliklerine katılan bireylerin serbest zaman doyumu ve mutluluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi ve çeşitli demografik özelliklere göre karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışmanın evrenini Türkiye'den Fethiye destinasyonunda gerçekleştirmek üzere; yamaç paraşütü, bungee jumping, macera parkuru, rüzgar sörfü, tüplü dalış, rafting, kanyon yürüyüşü ve uçurtma sörfü vb. gibi doğa ve maceraya dayalı etkinliklere katılan bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma grubunu ise doğa ve macera rekreasyon katılımcısı arasında, 18-56 yaşları arasında değişen toplam 321 gönüllü oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada kullanılan veri toplama aracı olarak demografik bilgilerin bulunduğu sorulara, `Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği Kısa Formu` ve `Serbest Zaman Doyum Ölçeği` kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde, tanımlayıcı istatistiklerle birlikte bağımsız örneklemler için t-testi, MANOVA ve ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Serbest zaman doyumu ve mutluluk arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesinde Pearson Korelasyon testi ve etkinin ortaya konması için ise Regresyon testinden faydalanılmıştır.Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızın sonucunda, doğa ve macera sporuna katılan bireylerin mutluluk seviyelerinin yüksek olduğu, SZDÖ alt boyut ortalama puanına göre ilk sırayı `rahatlama` doyumunun aldığını tespit edilmiştir. Mutluluk verilerine ilişkin olarak; katılımcıların eğitim durumu, refah düzeyi, çalışma durumu, fiziksel aktivitelere katılım durumu ve serbest zamanları değerlendirmede güçlük çekme durumlarına göre istatistiksel anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu sonucu görülmektedir. SZDÖ ilişkin ise tüm demografik değişkenlerde farklılıklara rastlandığı; erkek, bekar, lisansüstü eğitim alan, refah düzeyi yüksek olan, tam zamanlı çalışan, doğa ve macera etkinliklerine arkadaş grubu ile katılan, fiziksel aktiviteleri düzenli yapan ve serbest zamanları değerlendirirken hiçbir zaman güçlük çekmeyen katılımcıların serbest zaman doyum düzeyleri, diğerlerine göre daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. SZDÖ ile OMÖ-K arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişki ortaya çıkmış ve bu ilişkinin etki seviyesi ise 16% olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, serbest zaman doyumunun bireyin mutluluk seviyesini artırdığı sonucunu ortaya koymaktadır. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between leisure satisfaction and happiness levels of participants of nature and adventure recreation activities and to compare them in terms of various demographic features. The population of the study consists of participants of nature and adventure related activities such as; paragliding, bungee jumping, adventure track, windsurf, scuba diving, rafting, canyon trekking and kitesurf etc. The sample group consists of 321 volunteers ages of who ranges between 18 to 56. The participants were obtained through convenience sampling method which is one of the tecniques of probability sampling. Data collecting tools of the study are demographic information form prepared by the researcher, `Oxford Happiness Scale-Short Form` and `Leisure Satisfaction Scale`. In the evaluation of the data, along with descriptive statistics, t-test, MANOVA and ANOVA were used. To determine the relationship between leisure satisfaction and happiness, Pearson Correlation test and to determine the impact Regression analysis were used. In the light of these, it is determined that the happiness levels of nature and adventure sports participants are high, according to subscale mean score of LSS-T, the first subscale is `relaxation`. For happiness and leisure satisfaction data, according to various demographic variables, it is seen that there are statistically significant differences. It is revealed that there is a positive relation between LSS-T and OHS-SF and the impact level of this relation is 16%. In the light of this, it can be said that leisure satisfaction increases the happiness levels of the individuals. 81

Sanayi devrimi sonrasında genel olarak büyük kitlelerin hareketliliğine, yüksek tüketim ve yoğun kaynak israfına dayalı olarak gelişen kitle turizmi, bugün gelinen noktada turizmdeki önemli bir payını, alternatif turizme bırakmaya başlamıştır. Sorumluluk bilincine dayalı, kaynak israfının en aza indirildiği, çevreye ve kültürel yapıya duyarlı, sürdürülebilirlik odaklı ve yerel kalkınmaya dayalı alternatif turizm çeşitlerinden bir tanesi de doğa sporları turizmidir. Çalışmamızda bu alternatif turizm çeşitlerinden birisi olan doğa sporları turizmi Sakarya ili özelinde ele alınmıştır.Sakarya ili, sahip olduğu coğrafi özelliklerinin sunmuş olduğu fırsatlar ile doğa sporları turizmi açısından önemli bir potansiyel barındırmaktadır. İlin sahip olduğu bu potansiyel ve mevcut imkanlar dikkate alınarak, doğa sporları turizminin geliştirilebileceği alanlar ve bu alanlarda yapılabilecek doğa sporları çeşitlerinin tespiti çalışmanın ana eksenini oluşturmaktadır. Büyük oranda arazi çalışmaları ve uygulamaları ile elde edilen veriler ışığında, ilde doğa sporları faaliyetleri için uygun olan on (10) ayrı mekânsal alan oluşturulmuştur. Bu alanların her biri için yapılabilecek doğa sporu türleri, yapılan arazi çalışmaları ile tespit edilerek, elde edilen mekansal veriler, GPS kayıtları ile birleştirilmiş, ArcMap 10 ve Google Earth Pro yazılımları ile haritalar ve şekiller üzerine aktarılmıştır.Yine çalışma kapsamında küçük bir örneklem (106 kişi) grubuna yapılan anket çalışması ile belirlenen doğa ve doğa sporu alanlarının, yerel halk tarafından tanınırlığı ölçülmeye çalışılmış ve bu alanların büyük oranda yerel halk tarafından tanınırlığının düşük olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Tüm bu sonuçlar ışığında Sakarya'nın doğa sporları açısından tanınırlığı düşük fakat potansiyeli yüksek bir özelliğe sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sakarya ili, İstanbul, Bursa, Ankara gibi büyükşehirlere yakınlığı ile ulaşılabilir turist potansiyeli açısından önemli bir avantaja sahiptir. Belirlediğimiz doğa sporları alanlarının sürdürülebilir bir anlayış ve çevreci planlamalarla değerlendirildiğinde, başta ilin kırsal alanlarının kalkınması olmak üzere, bölgesel kalkınmaya önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bunun için yerel halkın, politika üreticilerinin, konu ile ilgili faaliyet gösteren STK'larında içerisinde yer aldığı, Sakarya doğa sporu turizmine yönelik turizm eylem planlarının oluşturulması ve bu alanların tanınırlığının artırılarak, alanın gerçek sahipleri olan kırsal nüfusun kalkınmasının merkeze alındığı, sürdürülebilir bir anlayışla, yönetilmesi gerekmektedir. The movement of large masses in the aftermath of the industrial revolution in general, high-consumption and resource-intensive developing waste based on mass tourism, has started to leave an important share of tourism in alternative tourism.Nature sports tourism is one of the alternative tourism types which is based on a sense of responsibility, minimizing resource waste, sensitive to environmental and cultural structure, sustainability-oriented and based on local development. In this study one of the types of alternative tourism, nature sports tourism is discussed in the context of Sakarya province.Sakarya province, with its geographical characteristics, has an important potential in terms of tourism gives the opportunities those outdoor sports.Considering the potential and existing opportunities of the province, the areas where outdoor sports tourism can be developed and the determination of kinds of extreme sports in these areas constitute the main axis of the study.According to the data obtained from a large number of field studies and applications, ten (10) separate spatial areas which are suitable for nature sports activities have been formed in the province.The nature sports types that can be made for each of these areas were determined by the field studies and the obtained spatial data were combined with GPS records and transferred to maps and figures with ArcMap 10 and Google Earth Pro software. Again, a small sample of the scope of work (106 people) group as determined by a survey to measure the nature and outdoor sports are being made and the recognition by local people. A large proportion of these areas is low and it has been revealed that the recognition by the local community.According to all these results, Sakarya has been identified as having low potential but high potential for outdoor sports.Sakarya province has a significant advantage in terms of reachable tourist potential , accessible with close proximity to metropolitan cities like İstanbul,Ankara and Bursa.Considering the sustainable nature sports environment and environmentalist planning, we are expected to contribute significantly to regional development, especially in the development of rural areas of the province. For this purpose, it is necessary to establish a tourism action plan for Sakarya nature sports tourism, where the local people and policy producers are involved in the NGOs that are involved in the subject, and by increasing the recognition of these areas, the management of the rural population, which is the real owner of the area, should be managed with a sustainable understanding. 117

U postmodernom društvu turizam postaje roba namijenjena potrošnji. Povijest, vrijeme i prostor, kao aspekti kulture, pretvaraju se u robu namijenjenu tržištu. U općoj merkantilizaciji stvarnosti, sve se vrednuje i prodaje kroz prizmu turizma. Kultura je institucionalizirana, kategorizirana i spremna za uporabu, a tradicije se uprizoruju i oživljavaju. Međutim, nisu sva komercijalna dobra i usluge koje povećavaju stopu nacionalnog bruto proizvoda, objektivno prikladna za pojedince, društvo i prirodu. Turizam bi komercijalizacijom i komodifikacijom kulture i načina života mogao uništiti autentičnost destinacija. Turizam mora, uz ekonomsku, imati i sadržajnu komponentu, onu koja će ljudima omogućiti produktivno, korisno, kulturno, sadržajno odmaranje; nešto što će im omogućiti afirmaciju njihovih stvaralačkih sposobnosti i interesa te unaprijediti ličnost. Zato je potrebno razvijati selektivne oblike turizma, tzv. turizam specijalnog interesa da bismo obogatili i oplemenili masovni turizam, proširili strukturu i produžili vremenski ciklus ponude., Tourism has become a consumer commodity in postmodern society. History, time and space as aspects of culture are being transformed into market commodities. At the same time, the mercantilist reality uses the prism of tourism to value and sell everything. Culture is institutionalized, categorized and ready for use, while traditions are staged and resurrected. However, objectively, not all commercial goods and services which contribute to the rise of national gross product are adequate for individuals, society and nature. Commercialization and commodification of culture connected to tourism could potentially destroy the destination’s authenticity. Therefore, tourism must take care of the content as well as the economic aspect, in order to provide the tourists with a more productive, cultural and meaningful vacation; one that will help affirm their creative abilities and interests and contribute to their personal improvement. It is, therefore, important to develop selective forms of tourism, so-called special interest tourism, in order to enrich and elevate mass tourism and expand and extend the offer beyond the season., In einer postmodernen Gesellschaft wird der Tourismus zum Verbrauchsgut. Geschichte, Zeit und Raum als Kulturaspekte werden zur Marktware. In einer allgemeinen Merkantilisierung der Realität wird alles durch das Prisma des Tourismus bewertet und verkauft. Die Kultur ist institutionalisiert, kategorisiert und zum Gebrauch bereitgestellt und Traditionen werden in Szene gesetzt und belebt. Objektiv gesehen sind jedoch nicht alle Kommerzgüter und Dienstleistungen, die das Bruttonationaleinkommen erhöhen, für Einzelne, Gesellschaft und Natur geeignet. Der Tourismus könnte durch die Kommerzialisierung und Kommodifizierung der Kultur und der Lebensweise die Authentizität von Reisezielen vernichten. Neben der wirtschaftlichen Komponente muss der Tourismus auch eine inhaltliche haben, diejenige nämlich, die den Menschen eine produktive, nützliche, mit Kultur erfüllte und inhaltsvolle Erholung ermöglicht, etwas , was die Bejahung ihrer kreativen Fähigkeiten und Interessen ermöglichen und zur Entwicklung ihrer Persönlichkeit beitragen wird. Deshalb ist es notwendig, selektive Formen des Tourismus zu entwickeln, den sogenannten. Tourismus des speziellen Interesses, damit wir den Massentourismus bereichern und veredeln, die Struktur ausweiten und den Zeitzyklus des Angebots verlängern.

Yeme içme her zaman turist deneyiminin önemli bir parçası olmuştur. Dünyada yemek kültürü tarihi insanlık tarihi kadar eskilere dayanmaktadır. Yöresel yiyecek ve içecekleri kapsayan gastronomik unsurlar gerek bölgenin kalkınmasında gerekse pazarlanmasında ve aynı zamanda destinasyon marka değerinin belirlenmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Gerçekleştirilen gastronomi festivalleri ve etkinlikleri bu doğrultuda birçok çalışmaya göre en etkili yöntemlerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada, tüketici temelli marka değeri modeli kullanılarak Gaziantep ilinin marka değerinin gastronomi turizmi çerçevesinde festivaller aracılığıyla belirlenmesi ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çerçevede, araştırmada veri toplama tekniği olarak anket kullanılmıştır. Araştırma konusunun gastronomi turizm çerçevesinde tüketici temelli marka değeri olması nedeni ile araştırma evrenini Gaziantep Uluslararası Gastronomi Festivali'ni ziyaretçileri; örneklemini ise 322 festival katılımcısı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda, genel marka değeri boyutu ile marka varlığı, marka kalitesi, marka imajı, marka bilinirliği ve marka sadakati alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Gaziantep'in marka değerine ilişkin algılamaların tüm değer bileşenlerinde yüksek olduğu, destinasyonun genel marka değeri üzerinde etkili olan alt bileşenlerin sıralamasının etki derecelerine göre, marka bilinirliği, marka varlığı, marka imajı, marka sadakati ve marka kalitesi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Turizm, Gastronomi, Marka Değeri, Gastronomi Festivali, Gaziantep. Eating and drinking has always been an important part of the tourist experience. In the world, the history of food culture dates back to the history of humankind. Gastronomic elements, including local food and drink , have an important role both within the development and promotion of the region as well as in identifying the destination brand equity. Gastronomy festivals and activities are one of the most effective methods comparing to the other activities within gastronomy tourism. In this study, through using consumer based brand equity model, the brand equity of Gaziantep was identified via festivals within gastronomy tourism. In the research, as a data collection method, survey technique was used. The research sample is composed of 322 participants of Gaziantep International Gastronomy Festival. As a result of this research, with overall brand equity, there were identified positively significant relationships between consumer-based brand equity sub-dimensions; brand asset, brand quality, brand image, brand salience and brand loyalty. Also, the perceptions about Gaziantep overall brand equity were really high. As a result, according to their level of impact to the overall destination brand equity, subdimensions can be listed as brand salience, brand asset, brand image, brand loyalty and brand quality, respectively.Keywords: Tourism, Gastronomy, Brand Equity, Culinary Festival, Gaziantep. 148

Son yıllarda oldukça ilgi toplayan gastronomi turizmi, turizm sektörünün olmazsa olmazları arasında yerini almış bulunmaktadır. Belirli bir süre turizm faaliyetlerinde bulunan ve bölgeye turist çekebilen kentlerin, turizm sezonunu bütün yıla yayması için gastronomi turizmini etkin bir şekilde kullanması gerekmektedir. Gastronomi alanında markalaşmak isteyen kentlerin, bölgeye özgü yemeklerin ve içeceklerin turizm pazarında tanıtılması da önem arz etmektedir. Araştırma, Erzurum'u ziyaret eden misafirlerin yeme içme deneyimleri ve bu deneyimler doğrultusunda Erzurum Gastronomisi hakkında bazı verilere ulaşmak, ulaşılan verilerin markalaşmaya etkisini belirlemek ve gastronomi turizminin gelişimi için fikirler oluşturmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Erzurum'u ziyaret eden 450 yerli ve yabancı turiste anket formu uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre gastronomi turizmi şehir markalaşmasını etkilemektedir. Attracting much attention in recent years, gastronomy tourism has become indispensable for tourism sector. Touristic cities that could attract tourists for a certain period need to make use of gastronomy tourism in order to spread the tourism season throughout the whole year. İt is important for the cities which wish to become a brand in gastronomy tourism to advertise their regional cuisine and beverages in the tourism market. This study aims the determine eating and drinking experiences of the gusets who visit Erzurum city, within the lights of which to gather a data about the Gastronomy of Erzurum. It also aims to determine the effects of the obtained data on becoming a brand and to produce ide as fort he development of gastronomy tourism in the ragion. 450 local end international tourists were applied a questionnaire. The finding obtained in the research show that the gastronomy tourism has an influence on the city's becoming a brand. 104

Ülkemiz coğrafi konumunun etkileri ile farklı özelliklerde birçok ürünü ortaya çıkaran birpotansiyele sahiptir. Ülkemizde birçok ürün kökeninin ait olduğu bölge ve yörelerle anılmaktadır.Son yıllarda yaygınlaşan ve ülkemizde de git gide sayıları artan coğrafi işaret tescilli ürünlergöstermektedir ki toprağımızda yetişen veya ülkemizde hazırlanan, imal edilen yöresel ürünlerimizyasalarla da korunmaya başlanmıştır. Bahsi geçen bu coğrafi işaretli ürünlerin turizm ürününedönüştürülmesi özellikle de gıda türündeki ürünlerin birer gastronomik unsur haline getirilerekturizm ürünü statüsünde tanıtılıp pazarlanmasının yapılması bölgesel kalkınmaya destek veripturizmin çeşitlenerek aktif halde faaliyetlerini devam ettirebilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır.Mayıs 2019 tarihi itibariyle ülkemizde 409 tane coğrafi işaret tescil belgeli ürünbulunmaktadır, bu ürünlerden 252 tanesi gıda ürün grubunda yer almaktadır. Ayrıca 408 tane üründe tescil belgesi için başvuru yapmış ve değerlendirme sürecindedir. Sayılardan da anlaşılacağı gibiülkemiz coğrafi işaretli ürün bakımından oldukça zengin bir potansiyele sahiptir ve her geçen günsayıları artmaktadır.Bu çalışmanın amacı, yiyecek- içecek bakımından Konya'da coğrafi işaretli ürün statüsündebulunan `etli düğün pilavı`, `etli ekmek` ve `Kadınhanı tahinli pidesi` adlı ürünlerin tanınırlığınıbelirlemek ve söz konusu ürünlerin Konya'nın gastronomi turizmine etkilerini incelemektir. Bukapsamda Konya'yı ziyaret eden ziyaretçilerle yüz yüze anket yapılmış olup kayıp veri anketleriçıkarıldığında 487 adet anket verisi elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar SPSS 16.0 istatistikselanaliz programında analiz edilerek sonuçlar ilgili testlerle yorumlanmıştır.Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, coğrafi işaret ürünü olgusunun gastronomi turizminietkilemediği ancak coğrafi işaret kavramının bilinirliğinin gastronomi turizmi üzerinde anlamlı vepozitif bir fark ortaya koyduğu gözlenmiştir. Our country has the potential to reveal many products with different characteristics with theeffects of its geographical location. In our country, many products originate from regions and regionswhere the origin belongs. Geographically labelled products that have become widespread in recentyears in our country shows that our local products, which are grown in our land or prepared in ourcountry, are being protected by laws. The transformation of these geographically labelled productsinto tourism products, especially the introduction and marketing of food products in the status oftourism products by making them a gastronomic element, supports regional development and enablestourism to continue its activities actively by diversifying.As of May 2019, there are 409 geographically labelled products in our country and 252 ofthese products are in the food product group. In addition, 408 products have applied for theregistration certificate and are in the process of evaluation. As it can be understood from the numbers,our country has a very rich potential in terms of geographically labelled products and the numbersare increasing day by day.The aim of this study is to determine the recognition of products which are in geographicallylabelled status in Konya in terms of food and beverage as 'wedding rice with meat', 'qıickbread withground meat layer on top (Etli Ekmek) and 'Kadınhanı Tahini flat bread' and to examine the effectsof these products on gastronomy tourism in Konya. In this context, the visitors who visited Konyawere interviewed face-to-face and the missing data questionnaires were collected and 487 survey datawere obtained.The results were analyzed in SPSS 17.0 statistical analysis program and the results wereinterpreted by relevant tests. According to the results obtained, the fact that the phenomenon ofgeographically labelled does not affect gastronomy tourism however, it was observed that theawareness of the concept showed a significant and positive difference on gastronomy tourism. 102

Mart 2011'de Suriye'de başlayan iç savaş uluslararası bir soruna dönüşerek, Türkiye ve Lübnan başta olmak üzere birçok sınırındaki devlete ciddi düzeyde göçün gerçekleşmesine yol açmıştır. Suriye'den gelen göç ve mülteci krizine kadar 'göç-veren' bir ülke konumunda olan Türkiye, 2011 Mart'ından sonra 'göç-alan' ülke konumuna gelmiştir. Türkiye, sınır komşusunda devam etmekte olan iç savaşa duyarsız kalamamış, sınırında biriken göç dalgasına 'açık-kapı' göç politikası uygulayarak aktif siyaset yürütmüştür. Türkiye'nin, Suriyeli mültecilere yönelik uyguladığı maddi ve manevi destek zamanla Türkiye'yi 'transit-ülke' konumundan 'hedef-ülke' konumuna sürüklemiş ve Türkiye, bu göç hareketliliğine hazırlıksız yakalanmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye, coğrafi konumu itibariyle Afganistan, Irak, Somali, İran'dan gelen göç hareketleri ile de karşılaşmakta ve özellikle Suriyeli sığınmacılar ile ilk ciddi 'göç-alan' ülke kimliğinin sınavını vermektedir. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, uluslararası göçün, kuramsal, kavramsal içeriği detaylı incelenmiş ve göçün türleri, uluslararası göç kuramları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, Türkiye'de göç olgusu araştırılmıştır. Türkiye'de göç hareketlerinin tarihi süreci incelenmiş ve hukuki platformda gerçekleştirilen kanun, yönetmelik gibi uygulamaların yanı sıra idari ve fiziki yenilikler incelenmektedir. Son yıllarda yaşanan göçün kamp merkezlerinden çok kentlere kayması, kentler ve kentlerde yaşayanların etkilenmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada uluslararası göçle Türkiye'ye gelmiş ve kamp merkezleri yerine, kentlere yerleşmiş kent mültecilerinin, kente etkisine değinilmiş, Suriye'den Irak'tan Afganistan'dan Somali'den gelenlerin, mülteciliği ve kentliliği tartışmaya açılmıştır. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde ise, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti'nin kent mülteciliğine bakış açısı araştırılmıştır. Araştırmalar sosyal içerme ve yersel uyum kavramları tanımlanarak başlamış ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti'nin göç politikaları ve bu politikalarda belediyelerin rolü, yasal zeminde incelenmiştir., Our country has the potential to reveal many products with different characteristics with the effects of its geographical location. In our country, many products originate from regions and regions where the origin belongs. Geographically labelled products that have become widespread in recent years in our country shows that our local products, which are grown in our land or prepared in our country, are being protected by laws. The transformation of these geographically labelled products into tourism products, especially the introduction and marketing of food products in the status of tourism products by making them a gastronomic element, supports regional development and enables tourism to continue its activities actively by diversifying. As of May 2019, there are 409 geographically labelled products in our country and 252 of these products are in the food product group. In addition, 408 products have applied for the registration certificate and are in the process of evaluation. As it can be understood from the numbers, our country has a very rich potential in terms of geographically labelled products and the numbers are increasing day by day. The aim of this study is to determine the recognition of products which are in geographically labelled status in Konya in terms of food and beverage as ‘wedding rice with meat’, ‘qıickbread with ground meat layer on top (Etli Ekmek) and ‘Kadınhanı Tahini flat bread’ and to examine the effects of these products on gastronomy tourism in Konya. In this context, the visitors who visited Konya were interviewed face-to-face and the missing data questionnaires were collected and 487 survey data were obtained. The results were analyzed in SPSS 17.0 statistical analysis program and the results were interpreted by relevant tests. According to the results obtained, the fact that the phenomenon of geographically labelled does not affect gastronomy tourism however, it was observed that the awareness of the concept showed a significant and positive difference on gastronomy tourism.

Türkiye'deki yaban hayatı fotoğrafçılığı faaliyetlerinin, II. Dünya Savaşı öncesinde ülkeye göç eden Alman bilim insanları ile başladığı kabul edilmektedir. Batı ölçeğinde, bu konudaki faaliyetlerin, nerede ise fotoğrafın bulunuşuna kadar geriye götürülebildiği düşünüldüğünde, ülkemiz için sözü edilen bu tarih çok geç sayılmalıdır. Üstelik, yurdumuzdaki çalışmalar, 2000'li yıllardaki sayısal fotoğraf devriminden sonra bir miktar artış gösterse de hala istenilen düzeylerde olmaktan çok uzaktır. Öyle ki, kendi içinde, memeli, kuş, makro fotoğrafçılık gibi alt dallara da ayrılabilen yaban hayatı fotoğrafçılığı alanında, tek bir kuş fotoğrafçılığı tezi dışında başka bir tez çalışması bulunamamıştır.Yaban hayatı fotoğrafçılığının, olası bilimsel, belgesel, sanatsal, ekonomik ve turistik faydaları ve işlevleri düşünüldüğünde, bu kabul edilebilir bir durum değildir. Bunun altında yatan sebepler, yüksek maliyetli ekipmanlar, hatırı sayılır seyahat masrafları veya faaliyetin hakkıyla icrasının geniş bir zamana ihtiyaç duyması olabilir. Sahada karşılaşılması olası güç koşullar, karmaşık ekipmanların işleyişinin öğrenilmesindeki zorluklar, geniş tecrübe ve bilgi birikimi gerekliliği de bu konudaki diğer olumsuz etkenlerdir.Üzerinde çalışılan hayvan türleri ve bu türlerin davranışlarının çözülmesi de ayrı bir ihtisas ve araştırma konusudur. Bu hayvanların yaşadıkları yerlerin sadece bilinmesi yetmez, bu hayvanların sahada bulunması ve tespit edilmesi de gerekir. Bu konularda yerel insanlar ve rehberlerle kurulması gereken ilişkiler ise işin başka bir sosyal yönünü oluşturur.Açık arazide yaşamanın ve çalışmanın kendine mahsus birçok zorlukları ve sağlık riskleri söz konusudur. Ayrıca görüntülenen hayvanlar da kırılgan varlıklardır; kolayca zarar görebilir, huzursuzluk yaratıldığında kendi yavrularını bile yuvada bırakıp bölgeyi terkedebilirler.Yaban hayatı fotoğrafçılığına ilişkin, yukarıda bahsi geçen bütün bu konularda, güvenilir, geniş ve yetkin bir bilgi birikimi meydana getirmek amacıyla hazırlanan bu akademik çalışma, daha çok Türkiye doğal alanlarına ve hayvan türlerine odaklanmıştır. Konular oldukça detaylı incelenmekle beraber, işleniş sırasında, her yerde kolaylıkla bulunabilecek temel fotoğrafçılık bilgilerinin, yaban hayatı platformu üzerinden bir kere daha tekrar edilmesinden özellikle kaçınılmış ve tez hacminin aşırı büyümesinin önüne geçilmek istenmiştir.Yaban hayatı fotoğrafçılığının alt dallarını oluşturan memeli, kuş ve makro fotoğrafçılığının kendine özgü yönleri ve ekipmanları mevcuttur. Bu durum, bu alt dalların kendi başlıkları altında, ayrı ayrı incelenmelerini gerektirmiştir. Ayrıca, daha önce, akademik anlamda üzerinde hiç çalışılmayan bir yaban hayatı makro video bölümü, pratik saha uygulamaları gözetilerek hazırlanmıştır. Dalış ve özel fotoğraf ekipmanlarının birlikte geliştirilmesini gerektiren ve ayrı bir tarihsel gelişim süreci izleyen sualtı fotoğrafçılığı konusuna ise girilmemiştir.Teze eşlik eden sahada görüntüleme çalışmaları sırasında elde edilmiş ve doğada serbest yaşayan ve çoğu yurdumuzdan seçilmiş hayvan türlerinden oluşan bir fotoğraf portfolyosu da ana metne ek olarak sunulmaktadır.Sonuç olarak bu tez, ülkemiz özelinde, kendi alanındaki ilk kapsamlı akademik çalışmayı temsil etmekte ve konuyu, uzun zamandır yurdumuz doğal alanlarında çalışan ve doğa korumacı zihniyete sahip bir yaban hayatı fotoğrafçısının bakış açısından ele almaktadır. It is accepted that wildlife photography in Turkey began with the works of the German scientists who migrated to the country before World War II. Taking into account that, on the Western part of the spectrum, works in this field can be traced back to almost the invention of photography, such an inception can be considered quite late for our country. In addition, the amount of work in the country is still far below a satisfactory level despite the slight increase following the digital photography revolution in the 2000s. In fact, in the field of wildlife photography, which consists of sub-branches, such as mammal photography, avian photography and macro photography, all one can find as an academic work in the field is one postgraduate thesis on avian photography.When the potential benefits of wildlife photography for science, documentarism, art, economy and tourism are considered, this is unacceptable. The underlying reasons may be listed as; costly equipment, high traveling expenses, or the time required to execute proper work being too long. The possibility of encountering challenges on the field, the strain that learning how to use the complex equipment puts on the photographer, and the prerequisite of having deep knowledge and experience might also be regarded as other drawbacks preventing progress on the subject.The species studied on and decoding their behavior are parts of another field of study and specialization. Knowing where they live would not be sufficient on its own; these species need to be located and identified in their own habitats. In the end, this requires interactions with local people and guides which brings about a social aspect of the study.There are a lot of hardships and health risks to living and working in the open space. There is also the fact that the animals being viewed are fragile; they may easily be hurt, or even flee the area, leaving their offspring behind upon feeling discomfort.The purpose of this study is to establish a ground on which reliable, extensive and efficient data and a `know-how` on all the above-mentioned issues can be accumulated. The study focuses primarily on ranges and species found in Turkey, and while it is highly extensive, the study abstains from providing fundamental information on photography, which can easily be found elsewhere, through wildlife photography, in order to prevent an unnecessarily lengthy dissertation.Of mammal, avian and macro photography, as sub-branches of wildlife photography, each respectively have their own unique equipment. This fact has made the studies on these sub-branches differ in methods. In addition, a wildlife macro video section which has never been studied on before has been put together with practical field applications in mind. However, underwater photography, which underwent a more different historical process and requires a joint development of diving equipment and unique photography equipment, was not included in this study.Accompanying the thesis is a photography portfolio which showcases various species living in their natural habitats, mainly from Turkey, photographed during the field studies.In conclusion, this thesis stands out as the first of its kind in Turkey as an academic study as well as shedding light on the subject from a nature-friendly wildlife photographer's perspective who has been working in Turkey for a long time. 178

İçinde bulunulan çağda, turistleri belirli turizm türlerine yönlendirmek dışında onların zihinlerinde şekillenen asıl turizm algısını en doğru şekilde ortaya çıkartmak turizm pazarında lider konuma gelebilmek açısından önemli rol oynamaktadır. Turistler belirli bir turizm türünden ziyade özel ilgi alanlarına has turizm türlerine daha eğilimli olmakta bu durum da özel ilgi turizm türlerinin yoğun olduğu destinasyonların fazlasıyla tercih edilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu bakış açısından yola çıkılarak araştırmanın amacı turistlerin zihinlerinde şekillenen asıl turizm algısını beyin görüntüleme yöntemi ile ortaya çıkararak, ülkenin özel ilgi turizm türleri kapsamı altında değerlendirilen tanıtım faaliyetlerinde ilgili kurum kuruluşlara yol göstermektir. Araştırmanın evreni 2018 yılında Antalya'da konaklayan Rus, Alman, Hollandalı ve yerli turist olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada nöro görüntüleme tekniklerinden EEG (electroencephalography) yöntemi kullanılmış ve evren içerisinden alınan örneklem ile Antalya Alanya bölgesini ziyaret etmiş 10 Alman, 10 Rus, 10 Hollandalı ve 10 yerli turist olmak üzere toplamda 40 turiste uygulanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde iki ayrı yöntemden yararlanılmıştır. Turistlerin sözlü ifade ettikleri özel ilgi turizm türü algılarını test etmek için nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden Nvivo 10 programı kullanılırken, zihinsel özel ilgi turizm türü algılarını ortaya çıkartmak için nöro görüntüleme tekniklerinden EEG analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan bu iki analiz aşamasından sonra veriler birbiriyle karşılaştırılarak yorumlanmış ve öneriler geliştirilmiştir., In the present age, except leading the tourists to specific types of tourism, it is important to reveal true perception of tourism in their minds in becoming a leader in the tourism sector. Rather than focusing on specific types of tourism, tourists are more prone to ones that appealing their point of interest. It enables selection of destinations strongly addressing special interest types of tourism. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to reveal the true perception of tourism shaped in the minds of tourists by using brain imaging method, and to guide the related institutions in the promotional activities that are evaluated under the scope of the country's special interest tourism types. The sample of the research composes of Russian, German, Dutch as well as local tourists who stayed in Antalya in the year 2018. In this study, EEG (electroencephalography) method is used among neuro-imaging techniques and a total of 40 tourists; each group having 10 people. Two different methods were used to analyze the data. While Nvivo 10 program is used in order to test the perceptions of the tourists who expressed their interest verbally as the qualitative method, the EEG analysis method is used among neuro-imaging techniques to reveal the mental perceptions related to special types interest tourism. After these two steps of analysis, the qualitative and quantitative data are compared with each other and interpretations are made.

Brodsko-posavska županija ima dugu i bogatu povijest. Područje županije bilo je naseljeno još u vrijeme neolitika. Po veličini je 6 najveći grad u županiji te s brojem od oko 158.000 stanovnika ima izrazito nejednaku naseljenost. Više od polovice županije karakterizira se kao ruralno područje. Prema turističkoj atrakcijskoj osnovi županija ima velik i raznovrstan broj atrakcija, od prirodnih, povijesnih i kulturnih te brojne manifestacije. Okoliš je također jedan od značajka kojom se županija može pohvaliti, raznolikost flore i faune, pitka voda i dobra očuvanost cjelokupnog okoliša veliki su plus županije. Kako je već ranije spomenuto, jedna od glavnih predispozicija županije također je i prometna povezanost. U radu je korištena SWOT analiza kako bi se dobio uvid u snage, slabosti, prilike i prijetnje koje županija posjeduje. Pomoću analize dobio se uvid u to što u županiji treba nastojati poboljšati a koje prijetnje što je više moguće otkloniti. Lovni turizam je jedan od najrazvijenijih u županiji, slijedi ga cikloturizam, manifestacijski i eno-gastronomski, dok za omladinski ima najveće predispozicije za bolji razvoj. Lovni turizam spada u elitni turizam te od njega županija može imati velik priljev sredstava ukoliko ga više valorizira. Sve predispozicije posjeduje, od raznolikog biljno i životinjsko svijeta do infrastrukture. Manifestacijski i cikloturizam ga slijede u stopu s velikim brojem posjetitelja. Omladinski turizam kao perspektivni oblik turizma svojom postojećom ponudom i sada može privući velik broj gostiju ali nije u dobroj mjeri valoriziran i razvijen. The County of Brod-Posavina has a long and rich history. The area of the county was inhabited during the Neolithic. It is the 6th largest city int he county by size, and with a population of about 158,000 has a very unequal population. More than half of the county is characterized as a rural area. According to the tourist attraction basis, the county has a large and diverse number of attractions, from natural, historical, cultural and also numerous events. The environment is also one of the features that the county boasts, the diversity of flora and fauna, drinking water and good conservation of the overall environment are a big plus for the county. As mentioned earlier, one of the main predispositions of the county is also the traffic connections. The paper used the SWOT analysis to gain insight to the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that the county possesses. The analysis provided insight into what efforts should be developed and improved and which ones should be removed. Hunting tourism is one of the most developed in the county, followed by cycle tourism, event and eno gastronomic tourism. The county has the greatest predispositions for a better development of youth tourism. Hunting tourism is an elite tourism and the county can have a large inflow of funds if it valorised it more. It has all the predispositions, from diverse plant and animal world to infrastructure. Events and cycle tourism are following hunting tourism. Youth tourism, as a promising form of tourism with its existing offer, can attract a large number of guests, but still is not in the best way valorised and developed.

Resumen: La creciente importancia del Turismo de Intereses Especiales (TIE), impulsado por el aumento de la demanda de actividades de recreación al aire libre, ha generado el desarrollo de nuevos tipos de turismo, basados en el aprovechamiento del medio natural y en estrecho vínculo con el patrimonio cultural. En este trabajo se analiza el desarrollo del cicloturismo como alternativa estratégica para la promoción de un turismo sustentable en localidades rurales de la comuna de Paihuano, Valle del Elqui, Chile. A través de una investigación descriptiva, transeccional y de enfoque mixto con predominancia cualitativa, se analizaron los diversos factores que influyen, tanto positiva como negativamente, en su asentamiento como una opción al turismo tradicional de la zona. La metodología contempló la revisión documental y arqueo bibliográfico, además del desarrollo de entrevistas con autoridades locales; grupo focal con ciclistas de la región, y la aplicación de 48 encuestas a turistas que realizaron cicloturismo en la zona. Los resultados demostraron que la comuna de Paihuano reúne las condiciones naturales, los servicios suplementarios y el nivel de aceptación apropiado de la comunidad y sus visitantes para instaurar la actividad como un recurso turístico alternativo. Sin embargo, se concluye que, para ser considerada una opción viable a las demás actividades turísticas ofrecidas en la zona, requiere de un mayor nivel de compromiso de parte de las autoridades en la promoción de la cultura turística de la localidad, así como mejorar la infraestructura e información necesaria para su implementación y práctica, tales como ciclovías, señaléticas, y tableros informativos, entre otras. Abstract: The increasing importance of special interest tourism (SIT), driven by the increased demand for outdoor recreation activities, has generated the development of new types of tourism based on taking advantage of nature and the close connection with cultural heritage. In this study, the development of cycle tourism is analyzed as a strategic alternative for the promotion of viable tourism in rural areas of the commune of Paihuano, Elqui Valley, Chile. This descriptive, cross-sectional and mixed approach study that is predominantly qualitative analyzes the various factors that influence, both positively and negatively, its establishment as an option to the traditional tourism of the area. The methodology included a document review and bibliographic search, in addition to interviews with local authorities, a focus group with cyclists in the region, and the application of 48 surveys to tourists who had participated in cycle tourism in the area. The results showed that the commune of Paihuano meets the natural conditions, the additional services and the appropriate level of acceptance by the community and its visitors to establish the activity as an alternative tourism resource. However, it is concluded that to be considered a viable option to the other tourist activities offered in the area, a greater level of commitment is required from the authorities in promoting the tourism culture of the location, as well as improving the infrastructure and information needed for its implementation and practice, such as cycle paths, signage and informational boards, among others.

Cilj je ovog rada utvrditi i analizirati postojeće stanje ruralnog turizma u Hrvatskoj, te ukazati na mogućnosti i smjernice njegova održivog razvoja. Istraživanje je pokazalo kako je ruralni turizam u Hrvatskoj marginaliziran u odnosu na kupališno-odmorišni turizam primorske Hrvatske, kao i nedovoljnu turističku valorizaciju prirodnih i društvenih resursa kojima kontinentalni dio Hrvatske obiluje. Dosadašnji razvoj ruralnog turizma u kontinentalnoj Hrvatskoj bio je uglavnom prepušten individualnoj poduzetničkoj inicijativi i oskudnim izvorima financiranja pa se stihijski razvila heterogena i usitnjena turistička ruralna ponuda temeljena na različitim vrstama i specifičnim oblicima turizma. Međutim, ruralni turizam može postati jedan od osnovnih pokretača razvoja ruralnog prostora uvažavajući koncept održivog razvoja, koji se temelji na ravnoteži ekonomske, ekološke i društvene održivosti. U budućnosti bi trebalo potaknuti razvojne projekte koji bi osigurali integriranu turističku ponudu te time omogućili dugoročni održivi razvoj ruralnog turizma u kontinentalnoj Hrvatskoj., The goal of this paper was to analyze the current status of rural tourism in Croatia and to identify possibilities, guidelines and methods of its sustainable development. The research has shown that rural tourism in Croatia falls behind the sun-and-beach holiday tourism in coastal Croatia and that numerous and diverse natural and social resources in Continental Croatia are insufficiently employed, especially in the Continental part of the country Past research of rural tourism in continental Croatia relied on individual entrepreneurial initiative and scarce funding resources, so that consequently a heterogeneous and fragmented rural tourism offer, based on various tourism forms and special interest tourism types, has developed in an unorganized way. However, rural tourism can become a driving force for the development of rural areas, taking into account the concept of sustainable development, based on the balance of economic, ecological and social responsibility. In the future, it should encourage development projects that ensure integrated tourist offer and thereby enable long-term sustainable development of rural tourism in continental Croatia.

Istarska županija jedna je od većih županija Republike Hrvatske te je u turističkom smislu jedna od najrazvijenijih. Preko zračnog pa sve do pomorskog prometa Županija turistima nudi lak dolazak u destinacije na njenom prostoru. Turizam u Istri započeo se razvijati već u prvoj polovici 19. stoljeća, a kako je vrijeme prolazilo počeli su se pojavljivati i noviji oblici turizma. Svaka destinacija u Istarskoj županiji zasebno nudi po nekoliko selektivnih oblika turizma, bio to kulturni, sportski, zdravstveni, ruralni, ekološki, nautički turizam ili turizam događaja. Otvaranje novih turističkih objekata, stvaranje novih turističkih proizvoda i ponude, turizam doseže veliki uspjeh. Razvojem ove grane dobrobit imaju kako lokalna zajednica tako i turisti. Analizirajući prethodno navedene podatke općenito o turizmu u Istri, a i selektivnim oblicima turističke ponude Istarske županije da se zaključiti da je ovo područje puno potencijala za daljnji razvoj navedenih oblika. Iako za sada nisu dovoljno evoluirani i nemaju dovoljno dobru turističku ponudu, pomoću kulturnih, prirodnih i klimatskih značajki ovoga prostora Istarska županija mogla bi razviti sve selektivne oblike turizma i postati najjača županija na turističkom tržištu prema turističkoj ponudi i prometu. Istria as one of the biggest counties in Croatia is also one of the most developed tourist destination. Due to it is well developed road infrastructure and flight connections Istria is provided with quick and easy connections of the entire region. Basically tourism in this reagion started in the first half of the 19th century. Since then tourism has progressed so far that even new sectors od tourism had emerged. Depending on location Istria is offering various forms of special interest tourism, such as cultural, sports, health, rural, ecological, nautical or events tourism. The opening of new hotels and tourist resorts along with the productions of local autochtouns products, tourism is still developing. The development of this tourism sector is beneficial to the local community as well for the tourists. Considering all the mentioned data about tourism in Istria we can concloud that this reagion has a enourms potential for futher development. Evolving the standards in tourism sectors to a higher level and taking into consider the geographical position and mediterranean climate Istria has the proposition of being one of the turistical leaders of southwestern Europe.

Olive-oil tourism is an emerging tourism typology that is especially developing in the Mediterranean basin, though successful cases also exist in other regions of the world. The main motivation underlying olive-oil tourism demand is the desire to learn about and enjoy the world of olives and olive oil. The objective of this article is to characterise this new tourism typology and identify its main activities. Based on a thorough bibliographical review and an expert panel, we show that this tourism typology corresponds to special interest tourism, and derives from three types of general interest tourism (rural, nature and cultural) with connections to other specific types of tourism. Furthermore, we demonstrate its links to an increasingly broad range of activities and services, thus revealing how complex this type of tourism can be, a feature proper to so-called special interest tourism., Olive-oil tourism, Special interest tourism, General interest tourism, Tourism, Tourism industry; Tourism management; Research and development

Iako je Barban tek jedna manja općina u Istarskoj županiji, turizam je uvelike razvijen, te se njegov razvoj može pratiti od 2001. godine, a posebice još više nakon osnivanja Turističke zajednice i proglašavanja Barbana turističkim mjestom 2008. godine. S obalom od duljine tek 3,5 kilometara, turistička ponuda kreira se i kroz druge sfere poput kulturnog, gastronomskog, cikloturizma, turizma događaja i sl. Prema statističkim je podacima, razvoj turizma i te kako lako uočiti pošto su strani turisti prepoznali značaj ovog mjesta te svake godine broji sve više turista, ali i turističkih objekata i iznajmljivača. Može se zaključiti da je općina Barban pogodna za turizam zbog blizine emitivnih tržišta, mirne lokacije, podrške lokalnog stanovništva, no ima i mjesta za razvoj. Također, ono na čemu Barban kao destinacija može poraditi jest isticanje lokalnog identiteta i njegovom valoriziranju u turističke svrhe, novim turističkim proizvodima od kojih su neki već u izradi, razvoju selektivnih oblika turizma poput seoskog i izletničkog turizma te nakon toga, gotovo sa sigurnošću se može reći da će se turistički promet, kao i dosad, iz godine u godinu povećavati. Although Barban is only one of the smaller municipalities in Istrian county, tourism is greatly developed and it can be tracked down from 2001 onwards, and even more after the establishment of tourist board and proclamation of Barban as a tourist place in 2008. With a coast long only 3,5 kilometers, tourist offer is created thorugh other spheres of tourism such as cultural, gastronomic, cyclotourism, event tourism and so on. According to statistic data, development of tourism is very easy to notice since tourists recognized the significance of this place. This statement is proved by the growth of number of tourist that keeps coming to this place, as well as the increase of tourist receptive objects and its renters. Furthermore, it can be concluded that Barban is a good place for tourism especially because of it being close to the broadcasting market, quiet and peaceful location, but there is a lot of room for future developments, also. Likewise, Barban equally has to work on emphasising the importance of local identity and its valorisation in tourist purposes even more than it already does. Tourism can also be improved by creating new tourist products, of which some are already in the making. Moreover, the growth of tourism is also in development of special interests tourism, for instance rural and excursion tourism. In addition to this, it can be said that arrivals and overnight stays in municipality of Barban will continue to rise in years to come.

Özel ilgi turizmi kapsamında, toplulukların incelendiği bu çalışmada toplulukların daha iyi anlaşılarak turizm içindeki işlevlerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın kuramsal temelini geç modern dönem topluluk yaklaşımları arasında öne çıkan yeni kabile yaklaşımı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın uygulama alanı bisiklet turizmidir. Bisiklet turizmi kapsamında rekreatif ve turistik nitelikteki iki farklı bisiklet grubunun incelendiği çalışma düşünümsel etnografik bir araştırma olarak desenlenmiştir. Katılımcı gözlem, görüşme ve sosyal medya dökümleri yoluyla verilerin toplandığı araştırma üç temel bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde bisiklet topluluklarının özellikleri incelenerek bu toplulukların `yeni kabile` olarak tanımlanabileceği görülmüştür. İkinci bölümde bisiklet kabilelerinin sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması için kabile `birliktelikleri` incelenmiştir. Son bölümde ise bisiklet kabilelerinin turizm işlevlerine odaklanılarak tüketici işlevlerine ilaveten üretici işlevleri açığa çıkarılarak kabileler, `üreten tüketici` olarak açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları toplulukların, turizmin kendine has özellikleri olan önemli bir aktörü ve üreten tüketicisi olarak açıklanabileceğini göstermektedir. Çalışma toplulukların özel ilgi turizminde işlevlerinin ve öneminin ortaya çıkarılması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. The main objective of the study is to reveal the importance of special interest communities within the scope of special interest tourism. Theoretical frame of the study is based on neo-tribes approach which is suggested for late modern era communities. The study employs reflexive ethnographical methodology to delineate the issues related to cycling which is gaining popularity as a form of special interest tourism. In depth interviews and participatory observations are held in two cycling communities. The study consists of three main parts. In the first part, the neo-tribal characteristics of the bicycle groups are examined and they are defined as neo-tribes. In the second part, cycling communities' cohesion will be explained for the sustainability of these communities. The last part explained bicycle tribes as the prosumer focusing on their producer functions. The results suggest that cycling communities can be explained as an important actor with specific characteristics of tourism and prosumer of special interest tourism. The study is expected to produce empirical evidence for sociology and social psychology theories and valuable information that requires consideration of communities while developing policies and strategies for tourism practitioners. The study is valuable in terms of revealing the importance and functions of communities in special interest tourism. 204

Masovni turizam uzrok je mnogih negativnih učinaka turizma na destinaciju, te se sve više destinacija okreće posebnim oblicima turizma kako bi negativne efekte turizma sveli na minimum. Cikloturizam može prouzročiti brojne pozitivne učinke i koristi lokalnoj zajednici i stanovništvu. Prije provođenja praktičnog dijela, obrađen je teorijski aspekt učinaka turizma i posebnih oblika turizma, učinaka i koristi cikloturizma, sustava javnog iznajmljivanja bicikla, kratki pregledi trenutnog stanja cikloturizma u svijetu, Europi, Hrvatskoj, Istri i Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji te gradu Splitu. U praktičnom dijelu rada ispitivali su se stavovi stanovnika grada Splita i okolice o učincima cikloturizma na tom području. Postavile su se hipoteze i ciljevi, te se provelo anketno istraživanje. Nakon prikupljenih podataka te interpretaciji i analizi rezultata došlo se do zaključka kako demografska obilježja ispitanika ne utječu na njihove stavove o učincima cikloturizma. Može se reći da ispitanici podupiru cikloturizam jer su stavovi ispitanika o učincima spomenutog oblika turizma većinom pozitivni. Mass tourism is causing many negative tourism effects on a certain destination, and ever-incraesing number of destinations are turning to special forms of tourism in order to minimize the negative effects of tourism. Cycle tourism can cause a number of positive effects and benefits to a local community and to its inhabitants. Before the practial part, the theoretical aspect of the impacts of tourism and special forms of tourism have been processed, as well as the effects and benefits of cycle tourism, a bicycle-sharing system, and short reviews of the current situation of cycle tourism in the world, Europe, Croatia, Istria, the Dalmatian County of Split, and the city of Split itself. In the practical part of the work, there were examined the attitudes of the residents of the city of Split and its surrounding area regarding the impacts of cycle tourism in the mentioned area. Hypotheses and goals were set, and a survey was conducted. In conclusion, after the data has been collected and the results have been analyzed and interpreted, it was shown that the demographic characteristics of the respondents did not affect their attitudes on the impacts of cycle tourism. It can be said that the respondents support cycle tourism because their attitudes regrading the effects of this form of tourism are mostly positive.

Dünya çapında değişen turizm anlayışı ile birlikte kişiselleştirilmiş deneyimlere yönelik ihtiyaçlar ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. Bu ihtiyaçların karşılanması amacıyla da `özel ilgi turizmi` olarak adlandırılan turizm türleri ortaya çıkmıştır. `Gastronomi turizmi` de, söz konusu özel ilgi turizmi çeşitlerinden biri olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu turizm türü, yüksek katma değer sağlaması, turizm sezonunun yıl içine yayılması, yerel kültürün ve geleneklerin korunması gibi faydalar sağlamasının yanı sıra, destinasyonlar için bir farklılaştırma unsuru olarak da değerlendirilmekte ve benzer destinasyonlar ile rekabet edilmesine katkı sağlamaktadır.Türkiye'nin üçüncü büyük ili olan İzmir, çok çeşitli turizm türlerinin uygulanabileceği kaynaklara ve özelliklere sahip bir destinasyondur. Aynı zamanda İzmir, bulunduğu coğrafya gereği çok farklı medeniyetlere ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bunun bir uzantısı olarak da, farklı kültürler ve bunların birbirleri ile etkileşimi sayesinde köklü bir mutfak kültürü ve geleneğine sahip bir şehir haline gelmiştir. Ancak şehrin halen, mutfağı ile yeterince tanınmadığı ve yeterli sayıda ziyaretçi alamadığı görülmektedir. Bahsi geçen özelliklerine dayanarak, İzmir'de gastronomi turizminin geliştirilmesinin, şehir açısından önemli bir rekabet avantajı yaratabileceği ve şehrin turizm hareketliliğini arttırabileceği düşünülmektedir.Bu amaçla, bu tez çalışması kapsamında, İzmir'de gastronomi turizminin geliştirilmesi için arz yönlü bir paydaş analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın ilk bölümünde, gastronomi turizminde ön plana çıkarılabilecek ürünlerin belirlenmesi amacı ile yerel halk ile bir anket çalışması yürütülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra, gastronomi turizminde rol alabilecek diğer paydaşlar değerlendirilmiş ve bu paydaşlar ile yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler, içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, İzmir'de gastronomi turizminde ön plana çıkarılabilecek ürünler değerlendirilmiş ve İzmir'de bu gastronomi turizminin geliştirilmesi için önerilerde bulunulmuştur. In recent years, personalized experiences have been gaining vital importance due to the changes in the tourism sector worldwide. In order to satisfy the need of personalized experiences, `special interest tourism` concept is introduced. `Gastronomy tourism`, which is also accepted to be one of these special interest tourism types, has many advantages such as high value added, expansion of the tourism season throughout the year, protecting the local culture and traditions. Besides these advantages, gastronomy tourism, serves as a means of differentiation for the destinations, and therefore, creates competitive advantage amongst similar ones.İzmir, the third largest city in Turkey, has various resources and potential to host different tourism types. In addition, many different civilizations have lived in İzmir's geographic location throughout the centuries. As a result of different cultures living in the same geography and the interaction between these cultures, İzmir cuisine has become a very historic and authentic cuisine. Despite all these positive factors, city of İzmir is still not recognized by its cuisine and not attracting sufficient number of visitors. Improving gastronomy tourism in İzmir is supposed to create a crucial competitive advantage and increase tourism activities in the city.For this purpose, a supply side stakeholder analysis is conducted in this thesis research. In the first section of the thesis, a survey is conducted with the residents of İzmir in order to find out the products that could be promoted in gastronomy tourism. Besides the local residents of İzmir, other stakeholders that may take part in improving gastronomy tourism have been identified and semi-structured interviews are conducted with them. The data collected from these interviews is analyzed using content analysis. As a result of the research, products that should be promoted are identified and recommendations are made in order to improve gastronomy tourism in İzmir. 238

Bu araştırmada, Trabzon ve Rize illerine gelen yerli ve yabancı turistlerin memnuniyet düzeyleri ortaya konularak bu destinasyonlardaki turizm paydaşlarının önlemler almaları konusunda fikir edinmeleri amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Temmuz-Ekim 2017 tarihleri arasında Trabzon ve Rize illerine gelen yerli ve yabancı olmak üzere 1281 turist oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket kullanılan bu araştırmada, kullanılan anket iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, katılımcıların demografik ve tanıtıcı bilgileri ile tatillerine ilişkin sorulardan oluşan toplam 10 soru bulunmaktadır. Anketin ikinci bölümünde ise Duman ve Öztürk'ün 2005 yılında geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışmasını yaptığı destinasyon hizmet kalitesi ölçeği ile katılımcıların memnuniyet durumları değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına bakıldığında, katılımcıların %60,3'ünün erkek, %39,7'sinin kadın olduğu, katılımcıların tatile ilişkin özelliklerine bakıldığında ise %51,7'sinin yurt içinden (662 kişi), % 48,3'ünün (619 kişi) yurt dışından katıldığı, yurt dışından katılan turistlerin %27,5'inin Suudi Arabistan'dan, %15,8'nin İran'dan, %9,2'sinin Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri'nden, %8,6'sının Almanya'dan, %8,6'sının Azerbaycan'dan, %7,6'sının Türkmenistan'dan, %4,7'sinin Kuveyt'ten, %4,2'sinin Katar'dan, %4'ünün Bahreyn'den, %3,1'inin Umman'dan, %2,7'sinin Yemen'den, %2,6'sının Gürcistan'dan ve %1,5'inin Irak'tan katıldığı belirlenmiştir. Yerli ve yabancı turistlerin memnuniyet ortalamaları karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gözlenmiş (p= 0,000), yerli turistlerin memnuniyet ortalaması 3,28±0,56 yabancı turistlerin memnuniyet ortalamaları ise 3,66±0,61 olarak saptanmıştır.Sonuç olarak yerli ve yabancı turistler arasında önemli bir memnuniyet farkı gözlendiği ve yerli turistlerin memnuniyet düzeylerinin daha düşük olduğu, yerli ve yabancı turistlerin memnuniyet düzeylerinin konaklama yeri ve yiyecek-içecek hizmetleri, fiyat algısı, misafirperverlik, temizlik ve aktivite, ulaşım faktörlerinden önemli düzeyde etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. In this study, Satisfaction levels of domestic and foreign tourists visiting to Trabzon and Rize provinces were revealed and Tourism stakeholders in these destinations we reaimed to get an idea about taking measures. The work's population is composed of domestic and foreign tourists coming to Trabzon and Rize provinces between July-October 2017. The study was conducted with a total of 1281 people.The questionnaire used in this study, which is the descriptive type using questionnaire as data collection method, consists of two parts. In the first part, there area a total of 10 questions about the participants' demographic information and vacation profiles. In the second part of the questionnaire, the satisfaction level of participants' accommodation, food and beverage services, transportation, general hygiene and cleanliness, Hospitality, activities, services and prices were assessed by Destination Service Quality which Duman and Öztürk conducted validity and reliability Studies in 2005. According to the findings of the study, 60,3% of the participants were Male, 39,7% were female, When we look at the characteristics of the participants Regarding the tastes, it is seen that 51,7% are from within the country (662 persons), from abroad, 27,5% of tourists from abroad (619 people) are from Saudi Arabia, 15,8% from Iran, 9,2% from United Arab Emirates, 8,6% from Germany, 8,6% from Azerbaijan, 7,6% from Turkmenistan, 4,7% from Kuwait, 4,2% from Qatar, 4% from Bahrain, 3,1% from Oman, 2,7% from Yemen, 2,6% from Georgia and 1,5% from Iraq. A statistically significant difference was observed between domestic and foreign tourists' satisfaction averages (p = 0,000). The average satisfaction rate of domestic tourists was 3,28 ± 0,56 and the average satisfaction level of foreign tourists was 3,66 ± 0,61.As a result, it is observed that there is a significant satisfaction difference between domestic and foreign tourists and that the level of satisfaction of the domestic tourists is lower and that the level of satisfaction of domestic and foreign tourists is affected by the accommodation and catering services such as price sense, Hospitality, transportation factors. 156

The current study aims to highlight the impact that reutilization of industrial heritage monuments can have on the development of local economy, culture, quality of life and special interest and alternative forms of tourism in Greece. In addition, the study illustrates how reutilization of industrial spaces contributes to the strengthening of the junction between the urban and rural environment, proposing communication strategies, through various networks, that will facilitate the aforementioned junction. Finally, the content of academic courses focusing on such topics is also presented, combined with examples distilled from the Author's personal experience on delivering lectures in this context, for the students of the department of Interior Architecture, Decorative Arts and Design (IADAD) of the Technological Educational Institute of Athens (TEI-A). The present study thus attempts to address the following questions: • Why is the development of special interest and alternative forms of tourism essential in Greece? • How does reutilization of industrial spaces affect the development of special interest and alternative forms of tourism in Greece? • Which are the potential new functions of former industrial spaces? • How can the junction between urban and rural environment be strengthened through the reutilization of industrial spaces? • How and to which extent can undergraduate academic education sensitise today's students-tomorrow's citizens/space managers?

Astrotourism is a specific, new and perspective form of tourism which stands out from the mass tourist movement with special program that includes visits to astronomical observatories, with required astronomical observations. his form of tourism is considered to be "niche tourism" or special form of tourism which is intended for individuals or small groups, creating a diversity of offers in destinations. Astrotourism is now a modest, but not negligible part of the tourist destinations that wish to enrich its tourist offer. Like other small countries, Serbia has no spectacular planetarium, giant observatories and telescopes, but there are sufficient resources, with an interesting history, on the basis of which it can offer to astrotourists original programs whose carrier should be Astronomical Society "Rudjer Boskovic" in collaboration with the Astronomical Observatory in Belgrade.

Special interest tourism is one of the forms of attraction development recommended in the Regional Tourism Development Master Plan (RIPDA) of Bandung Regency. Therefore, realizing the special interest attraction of interest in Kampung Batu Malakasari destination is the most appropriate strategy in the development of the next destination. This article discusses how the strategy in developing Kampung Batu Malakasari to become a special interest tourist attraction. using qualitative studies and SWOT analysis resulted in several recommendations related to the strategy of developing special interest interest in Kampung Batu Malakasari, are: 1) Packaging special interest attractiveness; 2) Presenting geo-tourism based education (geowisata); 3) Provide staff training as a natural and cultural interpreter; 5) Improve accessibility to increase tourist comfort; 6) Involving citizens in tourism management with the concept of community-based tourism management.

U ovom završnom radu bilo je riječi o zemljama njemačkoga govornog područja i specifičnim oblicima turizma vezanim za te zemlje. Cilj ovog završnog rada je bio utvrditi koliko često Nijemci, Austrijanci i Švicarci putuju i koliko su njihova putovanja motivirana specifičnim potrebama. U radu je definiran pojam turizma i dan pregled najučestalijih specifičnih oblika turizma kao i njihove definicije. U radu su opisane njemačke savezne pokrajine, njihove turističke atrakcije i pregled njemačkog turizma izraženog u brojkama. Na isti način opisana je i Austrija, dok je u petom poglavlju prikazan sažet opis Švicarske i njenog turizma. Šesto poglavlje čini okosnicu ovoga rada i bavi se analizom i donosi rezultate provedenog upitnika. U potpoglavljima su odvojeno obrađeni rezultati Nijemaca, Austrijanaca i Švicaraca, a posebno potpoglavlje posvećeno je specifičnim oblicima turizma u Hrvatskoj. Konačno, izveden je zaključak o stanju specifičnih oblika turizma i iznijet je prijedlog za poboljšanjem istih. This final paper deals with German- speaking countries and special interest tourism related to these countries. The purpose of this final work is to examine how often Germans, Austrians and the Swiss travel and to which extent their travelling motifs by special interest. Initially the term of tourism is explained in detailed and the most frequent forms of special interest tourism are listed, as well as their definitions. Further on the German federal provinces are described, together with their tourist attractions and with the overlook on the German tourism data. The same approach is applied on Austria, while in the fifth chapter, the concise description of Switzerland and its tourism is presented. The sixth chapter is the main chapter of this final work and it brings the results of the questionnaire and the analysis of the data. In the subsections are presented separately the results provided by Germans, Austrians and the Swiss and a special subsection concerns special interest tourism in Croatia. Finally, the conclusion is focused on the situation concerning special interest tourism with a suggestion for its future improvement.

Rad se bavi gastro i eno turističkom ponudom Nina i njegove okolice koja je povijesno usko vezana uz njega. Na početku se izlaže burna povijest Nina počevši od prapovijesti iz čijeg vremena su pronađeni brojni nalazi i od tada počinje trajno nastanjivanje Nina. Zatim slijedi razdoblje antike u kojoj grad kao rimski municipij ima sva obilježja rimskog grada, a potom slijedi doba narodnih vladara u kojem jedna od prijestolnica knezova i kraljeva postaje i prva biskupija u Hrvata. Nakon slavnog razdoblja i gubitka samostalnosti hrvatske države počinju povijesna previranja te stradavanja Nina zbog Turaka. Nin je uvijek imao biskupa i lokalnu samoupravu, no zanemarivanjem nakon uništavanja u 17. stoljeću Nin se nikad nije vratio na staru slavu. Stanovništvo je zbog bolesti bježalo, a počelo se vraćati tek sanacijom rijeke početkom 20. stoljeća. Od tad započinje i bolji gospodarski razvoj, gradi se ciglana, potom solana i mrijestilište ribe. U drugoj polovici stoljeća počinje razvoj turizma, a od samostalnosti i vraćanja statusa grada započinje ubrzani razvoj. U radu se također opisuje specifična pozicioniranost Nina u laguni pored rijeke, u plodnom dijelu Ravnih kotara i blizu velikog središta Zadra. Zbog svega toga Nin je imao važnu stratešku ulogu tijekom povijesti. Danas Grad Nin obuhvaća puno manji teritorij nego što je to nekad bilo, a sastoji se od pet naselja i oko 2 700 stanovnika. Tijekom posljednjih godina prirodni prirast je negativan, a migracijski saldo pozitivan. Socijalni problemi koji su prisutni su posljedica odnosa države prema ovom području posljednjih nekoliko stoljeća, a danas se pokušavaju smanjiti. Prema stupnju gospodarskog razvoja danas, Nin spada u skupinu koja je iznad hrvatskog prosjeka, a najvažnije gospodarske djelatnosti su proizvodnja soli i mrijestilište ribe. Razvoj turizma u Ninu vezan je prvenstveno za masovni turizam sunca i mora, no ostali oblici turizma su također prisutni te se mijenjanjem potražnje mijenja i njihov udio u ukupnoj ponudi. Od njih su najvažniji kulturni turizam, zatim zdravstveni turizam zbog obilja ljekovitog blata i dobre klime, rekreacija i sport što uključuje biciklizam, kiteboarding i windsurfing te jahanje, industrijski turizam vezan za solanu te promatranje ptica. Uz to postoji mogućnost razvoja agroturizma i vjerskog turizma. Gastro i eno ponuda u cijeloj Hrvatskoj još nije zaživjela u potpunosti, a Nin ima ogromne potencijale. Tu se prvenstveno misli na jedinstveni proizvod šokol od kojeg je nastala i poznata manifestacija Ninska šokolijada. Osim toga, pokrenut je Festival vina i delicija ViNin koja spaja vina i ostale gastronomske proizvode ovog područja. Sama proizvodnja maslinovog ulja i vina u Ninu nije prevelika te zasad ne postoji mogućnost veće proizvodnje za komercijalnu upotrebu, dok Ninska solana sa svojom visokokvalitetnom solju stvara priču koja se može provući kroz svaki dio gastronomije. The thesis outlines an enological-gastronomic offer of the town of Nin and its surroundings which historically gravitate to it. At the very beginning the thesis gives a review of the turbulent history of the town of Nin. It starts with Prehistory during which the permanent settlement of Nin was founded, since numerous findings from that period have been discovered. Then, the period of Antiquity follows in which Nin, being a Roman municipality, had main characteristics of the Roman town. After that, the period of Croatian rulers comes in which Nin became one of residences of dukes and kings, as well as the first Croatian diocese. After that glorious period, the Croatian state lost its independence, and due to the Ottoman invasion the town experienced numerous turbulences and sufferings. Nin has always had its bishop and local government, but after the destruction and neglect of Nin in the 17th century, it has never retained the glory it once had. The population left the city due to many diseases, and it returned after the recovery of the river system at the beginning of the 20th century. Afterwards, the economic development started as well as the construction of a brick factory, saltworks and a fish hatchery. The development of tourism started in the second half of the century, while with the proclamation of Croatian independence Nin got again the status of the town and its accelerated urban development started. Furthermore, the thesis describes the specific position of Nin in the lagoon next to the river, in the fertile part of the geographical region called Ravni kotari, and in close vicinity of Zadar. Because of its geographical position Nin played an important strategical role during the history. Today, the town of Nin encircles much smaller territory than it used to do in the past. It has five settlements and cca. 2700 inhabitants. Over the last few years the population growth has been negative and the migration rate has been positive. Present social issues are the consequence of the state’s treatment towards this area over the last few centuries, and today those issues are minimized. According to the rate of economic development, Nin belongs to the group of towns which are above the Croatian average, while the most important economic activities are salt production and fish hatchery. The development of tourism in Nin is related primarily to mass tourism, “the sun and the sea”, but there are also other forms of tourism. With changes of demand their share in total offer changes, too. The most important forms of tourism are cultural tourism, medical tourism due to medicinal mud and favorable climate, sport and recreation tourism including cycling, kiteboarding, windsurfing, horse riding as well as industrial tourism related to Nin saltworks and birdwatching. In addition, there is an opportunity of the development of agrotourism and religious tourism. Enological-gastronomic tourist offer hasn't yet come to life in many parts of Croatia, but Nin has great potentials. Firstly, there is a unique product šokol owing to which the famous manifestation Šokol festival has been created. Secondly, there is also the Festival of wine and delicacies “ViNin” which connects wines and other gastronomic products of this region. Production of wine and olive oil is not big enough in Nin and, for the moment, there is no possibility of bigger production for commercial usage, while Nin saltworks with its highquality salt creates a story which can be linked with every part of gastronomy.

Yarmacı, Nihan (Dogus Author) Türkiye’nin doğal ve kültürel kaynaklar bakımından zenginliği ve bu zenginliklerin turizme amaçlı kullanımından elde edilebilecek kazanımlar dikkate alındığında, su altı dalış turizminin Türkiye turizmi açısından önemli bir nitelik taşıdığını ifade etmek mümkündür. Türkiye’de su altı dalış turizminin gerçekleştirilebileceği birçok destinasyon olmakla birlikte su altı dalış turizmi ile ilgili bilimsel temellere dayalı bir gelişim süreci yaşanmadığı ve konu ile ilgili yürütülen bilimsel çalışmaların oldukça sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın amacı, uluslararası açıdan önemli bir su altı dalış destinasyonu olarak kabul edilen Antalya ili Kaş İlçesi örneğinde, su altı dalış turizminin Kaş bölgesine kültürel, ekonomik ve çevresel etkilerini belirleyebilmek ve su altı dalış turizminin sürdürülebilirliğine yönelik öneriler getirebilmektir. Bu kapsamsa, bölgedeki dalış turizmi paydaşlarının (bölgede bulunan dalış okulları ve dalış eğitmenlerinin) görüşleri, nitel araştırmalarda veri elde etmek amacıyla kullanılan mülakat tekniğinden yararlanılarak, 21 sorudan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu hazırlanmış ve tarafların görüşleri görüşme yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular yorumlanarak Kaş bölgesinde dalış turizmine ilişkin mevcut durum ortaya konulmuş olup söz konusu turizm türünün bölgede geliştirilmesine yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur. When the richness of Turkey’s natural and cultural sources and the possible gains of tourism from these sources and the possible gains of tourism from these sources are considered, it is very possible to say that diving tourism has an important position for Turkish tourism. Although there are many destinations suitable for diving tourism in Turkey, it is comprehended that a progress period of scientific research has not been accomplished and there are very few studies on diving tourism. So the aim of this research is to determine the cultural, economic and environmental impacts of diving tourism and to bring about sustainable suggestions for Kaş destination which has an international important place for diving tourism. Data are based on the results of 21 semi structured questionnaire filled in by the diving tourism stakeholders in Kaş. According to analyzed results, the present situation of Kaş tourism is stated and recommendations for the diving tourism development in Kaş were presented.

Special interest tourism is one of the forms of attraction development recommended in the Regional Tourism Development Master Plan (RIPDA) of Bandung Regency. Therefore, realizing the special interest attraction of interest in Kampung Batu Malakasari destination is the most appropriate strategy in the development of the next destination. This article discusses how the strategy in developing Kampung Batu Malakasari to become a special interest tourist attraction. using qualitative studies and SWOT analysis resulted in several recommendations related to the strategy of developing special interest interest in Kampung Batu Malakasari, are : 1) Packaging special interest attractiveness; 2) Presenting geo-tourism based education (geowisata); 3) Provide staff training as a natural and cultural interpreter; 5) Improve accessibility to increase tourist comfort; 6) Involving citizens in tourism management with the concept of community-based tourism management.

Sürekli ve hızla gelişen turizm sektöründe turistlerin ihtiyaç ve beklentileri gün geçtikçe değişmektedir. Bu değişim sürecinde turistler doğaya karşı daha duyarlı hale gelmişlerdir. Bunun sonucu olarak turistler kitle turizmi yerine özel ilgi turizmi türlerine yönelmişlerdir. Özel ilgi turizmi türlerinden biri olan, ölüm, felaket ve acının yaşandığı destinasyonlara seyahatleri içeren hüzün turizmi bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, hüzün turizmi ile ilgili yerli ve yabancı yazın ayrıntılı bir şekilde taranarak, dünyadan ve ülkemizde yapılan araştırmalar kavramsal çerçevede incelenmiştir. Dünyada ve ülkemizde yapılan örnek çalışmalara yer verilerek, ülkemizdeki hüzün turizmi potansiyeli değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye tarihi açısından dönüm noktası niteliği taşıyan, Türk Milleti'nin kenetlenerek, milli birlik ve beraberliğin oluştuğu, 15 Temmuz sürecinde yaşanan olayları hüzün turizmi kapsamında değerlendirmektir. Bu süreçte yaşanan acıları, şehitlerimizi anmak ve sahip çıkmak amacıyla yaşanan kahramanlıkları unutmamak, unutturmamak ve gelecek nesillere aktarabilmek adına, Mac Cannell tarafından geliştirilenve beş aşamadan oluşan (adlandırma, sınırlama ve yükseltme, tapınaklaşma, mekanik çoğaltma ve sosyal çoğaltma) mabetleşme süreci kapsamında incelenmiştir. Çalışmada sonuç olarak, Mac Cannell'ın süreçlerinden adlandırma, sınırlama ve yükseltme, mekanik çoğaltma, sosyal çoğaltma aşamalarının tamamlandığı görülmüştür. Tapınaklaşma aşamasında ise yapılması planlanan `15 Temmuz Şehitleri ve Demokrasi Müzesi` dünyada benzer örnekleri incelenerek gerekli hassasiyetlerin gösterilerek yapılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca o günü hatırlatacak, o günün ruhunu yansıtacak, her türlü obje ve materyallere yer verilmesi, görsel ve işitsel materyallerle desteklenmesi, şehitlerimize olan saygıyı ve gelecek nesillere aktarılması hususunda önemli olduğu öngörülmektedir. The needs and expectations of tourists are changing day by day for the continuously and rapidly developing tourism sector. In this process of change, tourists have become more sensitive to nature. As a result, tourists have turned to special interest tourism instead of mass tourism. Sad tourism, which is one of the special interest tourism types, travels to destinations where death, disaster and pain are experienced, constitutes the subject of this study. In this study, domestic and foreign literature about sadness tourism is examined in detail and the researches done in the world and our country are examined in conceptual framework. By giving sample work in the world and our country, the sadness in our country has been evaluated as a tourism potential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the events that took place in the period of July 15, which is a turning point in terms of Turkish history, the Turkish Nation clinging to, forming national unity and solidarity within the scope of sadness tourism. In this process, the suffering that has been experienced in this process has been studied within the context of the five-step process of naming, naming, restricting and upgrading, sanctification, mechanical reproduction and social reproduction, in order to remember, forget, and pass on to future generations the memories and feelings of our heroes in order to remember our martyrs. As a result of the study, it was seen that the processes of naming, limiting and upgrading, mechanical reproduction, social reproduction from Mac Cannell processes were completed. The `15th of July Martyrs and Democracy Museum` planned to be done in the stage of templating should be examined by showing similar sensitivities by examining similar samples in the world. It is also anticipated that it will be important to remind the day, to reflect the spirit of the day, to provide all kinds of objects and materials, to support with visual and audial materials, to respect to our martyrs and to be passed on to future generations. 149

As tourism is a vector of development, governments try to coordinate planning with national development objectives. In Sri Lanka, a post-war country, tourism has been perceived as a tool for post-war reconstruction and reconciliation. A blueprint document; the ‘Sri Lankan Tourism Development Strategy 2011-2016’, whose objectives are to distribute national economic benefits through tourism to economic development and national social cohesion, is guiding tourism development. Can it really be a bridge for reconstruction? This conceptual paper aims to assess the tourism reality in post-war Sri Lanka in the light of the blueprint document, by reviewing the policy with regards to; public or private tourism development, domestic or international tourism, special interest or mass tourism, tourism supply or resources focusing on the distribution of benefits. It concludes identifying gaps between the government tourism strategy, socio-economic and political situation. It contributes to the literature on Sri Lankan tourism development post-war, notably to review the tourism blueprint in its recognition and helps to build a body of knowledge on understanding tourism policy in the context of national reconstruction and social cohesion.

Tourism is generally regarded as a quite recent phenomenon, but researchers and scholars do not agree on its historical roots: some relate them to the mid-nineteenth century progress of transport infrastructure and the availability of leisure time, others to the Grand Tour as a particular type of aristocratic travel in the 17-18th centuries, and some even to mediaeval pilgrimages. However, trips similar to today's tourism were made as early as during the ancient period, when people travelled not only for trade and business, religion, sports, health, education and other specific reasons, but also for leisure and pleasure involving sightseeing of the new and unfamiliar areas. The aim of this paper is to bring together the insights of the literature on travel in the ancient Graeco-Roman world and, particularly, on special-purpose trips which might be seen as a distant forerunner of some modern forms of tourism.

During the last decade or so, culinary or food tourism has gained a prominent place in "special interest tourism" literature. It is widely believed that the (re)connection of tourist rural areas with their local agrifood base can contribute to sustainable and secure development away from the malfunctions of the prevalent mass tourism model. The paper explores the actual and potential interface between tourism and the local agrifood sector in Santorini, a small Mediterranean island and a major tourist destination, by examining the challenges and opportunities from the implementation of the "Greek Breakfast" initiative. The results of fieldwork research have revealed several impediments that hinder the project. Among other challenges, the absence of a coherent network of collaboration and communication among various stakeholders and the weak recognition of the benefits of food tourism by several local actors seem to be the more crucial ones.