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В работе анализируются проблемы ресоциализации осужденных к длительным срокам лишения свободы, выделяются факторы, способствующие повторному совершению преступлений после освобождения из мест лишения свободы. The article analyzes the problems of re-socialization of prisoners sentenced to long terms of imprisonment, highlights the factors contributing to the re-commission of crimes after release from prison.

Received 8 September 2022. Published online 10 October 2022. Review of the book by Ivan Strenski (2022). Muslims, Islams and Occidental Anxieties: Conversations about Islamophobia. Ethics International Press Ltd.

The influence of the thickness of the nanoscale ferrimagnetic Tb-Co layers on the mag-netic properties of Tb-Co/Ti and Tb-Co/Si multilayers was studied. The fanning cone angle of Tb-Co sperimagnetic structure changes non-monotonously with a decrease of the Tb-Co layer thickness. This study was supported by RFBR (grant 17-02-00236-a).

The results of an experimental study of the magnetic properties and crystal structure of the Co100-xWx films (x < 22 at. %) sputtered on the glass substrates without and with Ru buffer layer in the temperature range of 5-350 K are presented. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 18-72-10044.

Received 30 August 2020. Published online 9 October 2020.

The Youth of the 21st Century: Education, Science, Innovations : Proceedings of VII International Conference for Students, Postgraduates and Young Scientists, Vitebsk, December 11, 2020. - Vitebsk : Vitebsk State University named after P. M. Masherov, 2020. - P. 347-349. - Bibliogr.: p. 349 (3 nam.).

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project № 19-13-00290.

A structural analysis of the analogues of the expert system for diagnosing retinopathy of premature infants (ESDRPI) was carried out, subsystems were examined to search for objects of improvement. The result of the work is the development of automated (ESDRPI).

Enaminones bearing a 1, 4-benzoxazine-2-one A or quinoxaline-2(1H)-one B core are an intensively investigated class of heterocyclic compounds. Interest in them is due to the simplicity of their synthesis and purification, the availability of starting materials and the possibility of their synthesis under mild green conditions. Because of their availability in gram-scale quantities, these compounds were thoroughly investigated for the possibility of practical use. They also proved themselves to be versatile and available building blocks for the synthesis of various heterocyclic systems. That’s why investigations on properties of their 1-thia analogs, 1, 4-benzothiazin-2-ones C, is promising. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (FSNF-2020-0008), Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 17-43-590035) and the Government of Perm Krai.

Received 1 March 2020. Published online 10 April 2020.

Magnetic properties of La-Co films of different compositions are investigated experimen-tally within the temperature range of 5-350 K and interpreted with involvement of computer modeling. Exchange bias is detected, its presence is associated with amorphous-crystalline inhomogeneity of the films. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project № 18-72-10044.

The article discusses Tolstoy's faith in the unity of its two sides: As the state of mind of its carrier, and in terms of its content and life principles that flow from it. It is shown that at the same time and in the same respect Tolstoy was the bearer of a faith and its investigator; therefore, its adequate interpretation is possible only if the principles established by him for himself are taken into account instead of abstract and outward interpretation of what faith should be. The article considers Tolstoy's expression of the essence of his faith in numerous works, letters, diaries, etc. during the last thirty years of his life. The article shows the equivalence of Tolstoy's state of mind and the content of his faith, as well as its purely individual character. The conclusion is made about the significance of Tolstoy's understanding of faith for us today. © 2020 Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. All rights reserved.

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (FSNF-2020-0008), Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project № 17-43-590035).

Received 2 June 2019. Published online 1 July 2019.

The effect of the indium presence on the magnetic properties of soft magnetic cobalt-based alloy during heat treatment (HT) was studied. It was shown that changes in magnetic characteristics were largely due to the impact mechanism of HT. The presence of indium vapors during HT increased the maximum magnetic permeability and changed magneto-optical hysteresis loops.

The article discusses the creation of the psychological safety of the educational environment in the secondary vocational educational institution through an educational process that ensures the state of psychological protection of the participants in the educational process В статье рассматривается создание психологической безопасности образовательной среды в среднем профессиональном образовательном учреждении через учебно-воспитательный процесс, обеспечивающий состояние психологической защищенности участников образовательного процесса

The article analyzes the meaning of the "secularity" in the socio-cultural context of Denmark, which is considered as one of the most secular nations in the world, while the Evangelical- Lutheran Church there has the status of the state Church. The special status of Folkekirke is enshrined in the 1953 Constitution of Denmark, stipulating state guarantees for favorable conditions of its activities, as well as partial financing. At the same time, the Constitution proclaims freedom of religion. As a subject of research, such situation gives rise to many theoretical problems related primarily to clarify the meaning of the basic concepts of Religious Studies, and the specifics of their applicability to the socio-cultural situation of each particular country. In the framework of the theory of secularization, Denmark is usually viewed as the intermediate model between the British "established" church, and the French principle of laicite. The term "secularity" is considered in the light of contemporary academic discussions on the theory of secularization, multiple modernities, and multiple secularities; the latter implies the isochronal existence of different types of secularity, which are formed within particular cultural-historical traditions of the given country, and constantly change under the influence of emerging societal realities. The article presents a critical review of the most popular theoretical versions in the Western Religious Studies aimed at the explanation of the causes and nature of secularity in Denmark, as well as in other Northern European countries. The author concludes that the considered options, in principle, do not contradict, but complement each other, and prove the fact that adequate interpretation of any complex phenomenon should not be one-sided and stocked within a single subject area. © 2019 Saint Petersburg State University. All Rights Reserved. Ural Federal University, 19, ul. Mira, Ekaterinburg, 620021, Russian Federation For citation: Stepanova E. A. Secularity in socio-cultural context: the case of Denmark. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2019, vol. 35, issue 1, pp. 209–221. https://doi. org/10.21638/spbu17.2019.117 (In Russian) The article analyzes the meaning of the “secularity” in the socio-cultural context of Denmark, which is considered as one of the most secular nations in the world, while the Evangelical-Lutheran Church there has the status of the state Church. The special status of Folkekirke is * The research has been performed within the grant of Russian Science Foundation No. 17-18-01194 “Religious Majority/Minority in Public Space in Russia and Northern Europe: Historical-Cultural Analysis”.

The decomposition of β-metastable phase in (α+β)-titanium alloys during continuous heating needs a detailed investigation in the range of relatively small temperatures. The staging of β-solid solution decay was studied on the solution treated and water quenched VT16 (Ti-3Al-5Mo-5V) used for fasteners production. The thermal exo-effects of β-phase decomposition were examined using DSK. Corresponding effects in the in situ X-Ray diffraction patterns and storage modulus temperature dependence in the DMA curves are discussed. A three stage layout of β-decay is reported during continuous heating of VT16 with (α+β)-structure after quenching. This work received funding from the grant №18-13-00220 of the Russian Science Foundation. We acknowledge the purchase of X-ray diffraction installation by the financing from the contract №02.A03.21.0006 of Government Decree № 211.

To examine the content of 25 macro- and trace elements in hair samples of females at elderly and old age, the methods of atom emission and mass-spectrometry with inductively bonded argon plasma were used. Elements' content in both examined groups did not show statistically important differences (p > 0.05), except Si, which content was 2.5 times lower in the group of the old women. Ca, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, P, Si, Zn content was lower, while Al, As, B, Cd, Pb, Sn content was higher than in the elderly women. Both groups were characterized by a high deficit of many essential elements. It has been found that the median lines of Co and Se concentration were below the lowest limit of reference values in all the examined subjects. Due to the analysis of data on the elements content in the surveyed people's hair, it is possible to assess imbalance of mineral metabolism in females of both age groups constant residents of the Russian Northeast region in order to carry out prenosological diagnostics, primary prophylaxis and correction of the revealed disorders both on the individual and micropopulation levels.

Received 5 March 2018. Published online 3 April 2018. The work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), grant number 17–18–01194.

In this paper, the main characteristic features of Russian clusters are considered. The purpose of the study is to assess the effect for industrial enterprises from their inclusion to an economic cluster. The authors propose a methodology for calculating this effect on the basis of a regression model using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The authors provide calculations on the data of clusters specialized on "Chemistry and petrochemistry", which allow to evaluate the above mentioned effect. As a result of the calculations, a positive effect of the factor of a company's inclusion into a cluster on the company's economic indicators (revenue) was revealed. В данной работе рассматриваются основные характерные черты, присущие российским кластерам. Целью исследования стало проведение оценки эффекта для промышленных предприятий от включения их в экономический кластер. Авторами предлагается методология расчета данного эффекта на основе построения регрессионной модели с использованием производственной функции Кобба-Дугласа. Авторами приводятся расчеты на примере кластеров специализации «Химия и нефтехимия», позволяющие оценить указанный эффект. В результате проведенных расчетов выявлено положительное влияние фактора включенности предприятия в кластер на экономические показатели предприятия (выручку). Статья подготовлена при поддержке РФФИ. Грант № 16-06-00566\16.

© 2017, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary. 137 Cs and 241 Am extraction with perchloroethylene solutions of O-substituted p-alkylcalix[8]arenes (alkyl: tert-butyl, iso-nonyl) from carbonate-alkaline media is studied. Dependence of distribution ratios on pH values of the aqueous phase in the range 11–13.9 and on the nature of functional groups in the calixarene platform is confirmed. Composition of cesium and americium solvates with calix[8] arenes is determined. Tert-butylcalix[8]arene with oxybis(ethane-1,2-diyl) bridging group possesses superior efficiency towards cesium in alkaline media. The most efficient extractants for americium are “mixed” iso-nonyl-tert-butylcalix[8] arenes with ethane-1,2-diyl and oxybis(ethane-1,2-diyl) bridging groups.

The work is devoted to a study of the effect of the coating different and both sides of amorphous Fe5Co70Si15B10 ribbon with GE varnish on its magnetic properties and magnetoinpedance (MI) effect. In all cases the decreasing of coercive force was observed, moreover the increasing of sensibility of MI ratio ΔZ/Z to a extend field H of 7 % took place in the case of covering only a free side of the ribbon.

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. The effect of γ-irradiation of tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene (TCA) solutions in m-nitrobenzotrifluoride (NBTF) and tetrachloroethylene (TCE) on the extraction of 241 Am from alkaline carbonate solutions was studied. TCA itself remains stable upon γ-irradiation of its solutions in NBTF to a dose of 200 kGy, but the diluent undergoes strong degradation. The radiation resistance of TCA in TCE is considerably lower: A dose of 70 kGy causes complete degradat ion of TCA. In the TCA–TCE–aqueous phase system, sulfate ions appear upon γ-irradiation as the final product of the extractant radiolysis. A large number of γ-radiolysis products of TCE and TCA were detected by HPLC and GCMS. The products of radiolysis of TCA in TCE, compared to the initial extractant, have lower molecular mass and higher polarity. The results show that chlorinated diluents are not promising diluents for thiacalixarene in extraction processing of alkaline high-level waste.

© ISUCT Publishing. The recovery of long-lived radionuclides from liquid radioactive wastes with subsequent immobilization and disposal significantly reduces radiological risks in the nuclear industry. At the Savannah River Site (USA), the functionalized calixarene bis(dimethyloctyl-oxy)calix[4]arenebenzocrown-6 (MaxCalix) was successfully used as selective extractant to separate cesium-137 from alkaline radioactive wastes. At the Mayak PA (Russia), the alkaline radioactive wastes include actinides, essentially americium, in addition to cesium-137, which also should be recovered. To separate cesium and americium from alkaline solutions, the simple tert-butylcalix[8] arene could be used, if it was not so poorly soluble in organic solvents. The aim of this study was to synthesize mixed p-alkylcalix[8] arenes with tert-butyl and isononyl groups taken at various ratios and to examine their applicability to extract cesium and americium from alkaline solutions. Starting from commercially available p-isononylphenol we have synthesized and characterized three mixed tert-butyl-isononylcalix[8] arenes with the tert-butyl to isononyl group ratio taken as 6:2, 4:4, and 2:6. The solubility of these mixed tert-butyl-isononylcalix[8]arenes in tetrachloroethylene ranges from 0.01 to 0.08 M, which is 3 to 8 times higher than that of p-tert-butylcalix[8] arene. The extraction of 137 Cs and 241 Am from alkaline-carbonate solutions with mixed p-alkylcalix[8]arenes in tetrachloroethylene was studied. For all the extractants, the maximal extraction of cesium and americium was observed in the pH range 13–14. Americium is extracted at lower pH since, unlike cesium, it forms very strong hydroxo complexes at high pH values. The composition of the solvates formed by the calixarenes with the radionuclides in the organic phase was determined using the equilibrium shift method (for trace amounts of the radionuclides) and the saturation method (extraction isotherm). The results obtained by the equilibrium shift method revealed dominant formation of solvates, in which the p-alkylcalix[8] arene binds 1–2 cations of cesium or americium. The saturation method suggests formation of solvates containing up to four cesium cations per an p-alkylcalix[8] arene molecule. Step-by-step substitution of the tert-butyl groups in p-alkylcalix[8] arene for the isononyl groups leads to decreasing extraction of both cesium and americium. For cesium, a small monotonic decrease in the extraction power of p-alkylcalix[8]arenes was observed: the difference in the distribution ratios between the tert-butyl and isononyl derivatives of calix[8] arene was less than two. The highest extractability of americium was observed with the mixed calix[8]arene containing two isononyl groups, and the difference in the distribution ratios was above 20. Interesting results were obtained when comparing the extraction of americium with freshly prepared and aged tetrachloroethylene solutions of the mixed calix[8] arene containing two isononyl groups. The americium distribution ratios obtained with the freshly prepared extractant was found to be lower by a factor of 4-5 as compared to the extractant aged for 15 h at +5 °C. The data obtained by the dynamic light scattering method indicate that, in freshly prepared solutions, the calix[8] arene occurs in a monomeric form, which transforms with time into large aggregates with a diameter of about 8 nm to form inverse micelles.

Статья поступила в редколлегию 15.05.2017 г. Received on 15 May, 2017. Article is devoted to eulogiai and seals of the Monastery of Symeon Stylites the Younger, one of the most known centers of pilgrimage in Byzantium. If numerous eulogiai with the image of this Saint are well studied, the seals of this monastery and of its higoumenoi (about 10 specimens) dated to the 11th – early 12th c., are known much less. The iconography of these seals is more la-conic, than of eulogiai: it is limited by the figure of Saint Symeon himself on a colomn. The special group includes the objects with an inscription of “Eulogia of Saint Symeon” of the late 10th – 11th c. Possibly they intended for sealing con-tainers in which the miraculous earth gathered near the column footing of Saint Symeon was placed. Статья посвящена евлогиям и печатям монастыря св. Симеона Младшего Дивногорца, одного из самых известных центров паломничества в Византии. Если многочисленные евлогии с изображением этого святого, изготовленные в самом монастыре, хорошо изучены, то печати монастыря и его игуменов (около 10 экземпляров), ХI – начала XII в., известны намного меньше. Иконография печатей более лаконична, чем евлогий: она ограничена образом самого Святого Симеона на столпе. Особую группу представляют предметы с надписью «Евлогия Святого Симеона» конца X – XI в. Вероятно, они предназначались для опечатывания неких емкостей, в которые помещалась чудодейственная земля, собранная у подножия столпа св. Симеона.

The article discusses the origins, content, and meaning of two editions of the New Testament constructed by Thomas Jefferson in 1804 and 1819. He had launched these editions in accordance with his views on the interrelatedness of religion and reason, of the freedom of conscience, and the right to interpret the New Testament through the prism of one's own life experience. The article analyses the sources of Jefferson's perception of Christianity, the influence of the thinkers of the European Enlightenment upon him, as well as contemporary scholarly research on The Jefferson Bible. The author indicates that the religious views of Thomas Jefferson remain the subject of a fierce debate, which expresses a variety of positions: from labeling him as an atheist to imaging him as a deeply religious person. The intensity of these discussions proves that the issue of whether Jefferson could be regarded a Christian and in what sense, as well as what he himself meant by that, goes far beyond the specifics of the historical period of the formation of the USA. According to the author, Jefferson's interpretation of the New Testament is a remarkable example of the conflict between individual and institutional religiosity that manifested itself in the Enlightenment and escalates today. Jefferson's interpretations prove that there are still no simple answers to the critical inquiry Christianity faced over two centuries ago.

Background: The aim of this study was that the past five years data were collected to analyze the situation of malaria and health facilities in this area for better understanding malaria problem and to find solutions. Methods: In this retrospective study data of the last 5 years were obtained from health center of Bandar Abbas, published papers and reports, weather forecasting organization of the city and annual reports of Hormozgan official authorities. An excel databank was created and analysis was conducted using this software. Results: According to the national health system, Bandar Abbas also has referral net work system from periphery to the district health center. The maximum and minimum Annual Parasitic Index (API) were observed in 2005 (1.31) and 2008 (0.17), respectively. The prevalence of cases in villages was more than city, except for 2008. More than 97.6% of indigenous malaria cases were caused by Plasmodium vivax, although P. falciparum, P. ovale and mix infection were also reported. Anopheles stephensi, An. dthali and An. fluviatilis are the main malaria vectors in rural area, while only the first species is distributed in the urban area. Conclusion: According to results and many variables including API, Bandar Abbas is divided in two strata. From the situation analysis of Bandar Abbas it is postulated that the main activities of this district could be accuracy of data, and malaria vector control.

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.Previously unknown isononylcalix[8]arene was synthesized from commercially available isononylphenol. The properties of the product (solubility, extraction ability, tendency to aggregation) were compared with those of the known tert-butylcalix[8]arene. The extraction of 137Cs, 99mTc, and 241Am from alkaline carbonate solutions with solutions of p-alkylcalix[8]arenes (alkyl = tert-butyl, isononyl) in tetrachloroethylene was studied. The dependence of the distribution ratios on pH of the aqueous phase in the interval from 11 to 13.9 and on the nature of functional groups in the calixarene core was determined. The composition of extractable solvates of cesium and americium with calix[8]arenes was found. Calix[8]arenes extract cesium from alkaline solutions more efficiently than p-tert-butylphenol, their nonmacrocyclic analog, does. tert-Butylcalix[8]arene exhibits the highest performance, which may be due to formation of aggregates 5.7 ± 0.8 nm in diameter in the organic phase at pH 13.5 of the aqueous phase. The isononyl derivative exists in the monomeric form (particle diameter 1.9 ± 0.5 nm).

Данная статья является кейсом, который описывает опыт построения системы материального стимулирования научно-педагогических работников (НПР) Технологического института им. Н. Н. Поликарпова (входящего в состав Орловского государственного университета им. И. С. Тургенева), раскрывает суть реализованных технологий по применению рейтинговой оценки профессиональной деятельности НПР во внутривузовской системе материального стимулирования работников. Актуальность создания в российских вузах систем материального стимулирования НПР возросла после перехода к новой системе оплаты труда в образовательной сфере, которая значительно расширила возможности стимулирования активности работников, что призвано способствовать поступательному росту их профессионального мастерства и, как следствие, повышению качества оказываемых образовательных услуг. Реализация дифференцированного подход к оплате труда НПР требует получения количественных оценок результатов их профессиональной деятельности. Для этих целей целесообразно использовать внутривузовскую рейтинговую систему, что стало традиционным для многих российских вузов. Целью написания данной работы является формирование технологии создания системы материального стимулирования работников вуза на основе рейтинговой оценки их профессиональной деятельности. Для достижения поставленной цели предложено использовать методы интерпретации рейтинговой информации, основанные на индивидуальных квалиметрических шкалах (индивидуальных для каждого рейтинг-листа). Применение предлагаемой технологии в рамках университетского менеджмента способствует созданию конкурентной среды и обеспечивает позитивные психолого-педагогические влияния внутривузовской системы материального стимулирования на рост профессионального уровня НПР и повышение их производственной активности. Практические рекомендации по созданию университетской системы материального стимулирования НПР включают в себя необходимость комплексного подхода при создании системы внутривузовского мониторинга, включающей сбор первичной информации о профессиональной деятельности работников, создание корректных методик рейтинговой оценки (на основе собираемых данных) и использование рейтинговой оценки в системе материального стимулирования на основе предложенной методики. Новым в предложенной нами технологии является метод интерпретации рейтинговых оценок НПР, использующий индивидуальные квалиметрические шкалы. This article falls under the case category and describes the experience of creating a financial stimulation system for teaching staff at the Technological Institute named after N. N, Polikarpov (part of Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev), unveiling the gist of implemented technologies of rating evaluation of teaching staff professional activities in the intra-university system of staff material stimulation. The importance of creating teaching staff material stimulation has grown because of a shift towards new labor payment system in the educational sphere which has considerably broadened opportunities for stimulating employers’ activities, urging them to improve professional skills and therefore leading to higher quality of their educational services. Implementing differentiated approach to teaching staff salary requires quantitative evaluation of the results of their professional activities. In order to achieve that it is reasonable to use intra-university rating system which is a traditional practice for many Russian universities. The aim of this article is to form a technology for creating material stimulation system for university employees based on rating evaluation of their professional activities. In order to achieve the stated aim authors suggest using the methods of interpreting rating information based on individual qualimetric scales (individual for each rating list). The use of suggested technology in the framework of university management facilitates creation of competitive environment and ensures positive psychological and pedagogical influence of intra-university financial stimulation on the growth of teaching staff professional level and improvement of their activities. Practical recommendations on creating university system of financial stimulation for teaching staff requires complex approach in creating intra-university monitoring system that covers initial input on professional activities of employees, creation of correct rating evaluation scale (on the basis of collected data) and use of rating evaluation on the basis of suggested method. A new element in the suggested technology is the method of interpreting teaching staff rating evaluation using individual qualimetric scales.

In the present work the texture parameters of electrotechnical copper wire have been investigated by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). It has been defined, that the complex texture is formed in the wire with increasing draw ratio. This texture consists of the limited and axial texture components. The intensity of the limited texture components increases with the degree of deformation. It has been found, that texture components are irregular mixture along the wire radius, and they are located in different areas of semifinished products. В данной работе проведено исследование текстурных параметров электротехнической медной проволоки методом дифракции отраженных электронов (ДОЭ). Установлено, что с увеличением коэффициента вытяжки в проволоке формируется сложная комплексная текстура, состоящая из аксиальных и ограниченных текстурных компонент. Причем с ростом степени деформации интенсивность ограниченной текстурной компоненты возрастает. Обнаружено, что текстурные составляющие представляют собой не равномерную смесь по всему радиусу проволоки, а присутствуют в различных областях полуфабриката.

The data about the design and research of complex multi-layer protective coatings for cooled single crystal rotor blades of the high pressure turbine (HPT) has been provided. The structure, phase composition, complex reaction zone and coatings interaction with single-crystal alloys have been studied. Приведены сведения о разработках и исследованиях многослойных комплексных защитных покрытий для монокристаллических охлаждаемых рабочих лопаток турбины высокого давления (ТВД). Изучены структура, фазовый состав комплексных покрытий и реакционной зоны взаимодействия с монокристаллическими сплавами.

The features of the structure and phase transformations in single-crystal nickel alloy ZHS32-VI after the operation on aircraft engines have been studied. The occurrence of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases during the operation has been investigated. Рассмотрены особенности структуры и фазовых превращений в монокристаллическом никелевом сплаве ЖС32-ВИ после эксплуатации на авиационном двигателе. Исследовано возникновение в ходе эксплуатации топологически плотноупакованных (ТПУ) фаз различного типа.

The thermochemical destruction of a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer when affected by a high enthalpy fluctuating gas flow is simulated numerically. The possibility of controlling the heat transfer process in the composite material is studied.

By means of thermal X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and dilatometry the effect cold deformation by tension (0,7; 1; 2; 3; 4; 6 и 8 % strain) on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of titanium alloy was studied. For the bars of VT16 alloy 1D invar-type effect in the temperature range from -150 to +80 °C was observed. Abnormal thermal behavior was established to be determined by CTE-anisotropy along the axes of orthorhombic α″-martensite crystal lattice. В работе методами терморентгеноструктурного фазового анализа, дилатометрического анализа изучено влияние холодной деформации растяжением на степени 0,7; 1; 2; 3; 4; 6 и 8 % на температурный коэффициент линейного расширения (ТКЛР) из титанового сплава. На прутках из сплава ВТ16 зафиксировано состояние сплава с 1D (одномерным) инвар-эффектом в температурном интервале –150…+80 °С. Установлено, что аномальное поведение при нагреве сплава определяется анизотропией ТКЛР вдоль осей орторомбической решетки α″-титанового мартенсита.

Article is devoted to two unique Byzantine seals of the 8th century from the State Hermitage museum. The legend of one of them is read as follows: «Sacred forces of Kamoulianoi, help Kosmas, hypatos and spatharokiandidatos». Probably, «Sacred forces of Kamoulianoi» refers to acheiropaeic image of Christ («image not made by the hand of man») from Kamoulianoi, the city in Cappadocia the First. This icon is mentioned only in three sources of the second half of the 6th – 8th centuries. Only George Kedrinos (9th / 12th centuries) writes about its transportation to Constantinople in 574 where it was esteemed some decades as palladium of the Empire and the leader of Christian troops in campaigns against unorthodoxes. In the 8th century traces of this holy relic are lost. John, anagnostos, doulos the Mother of God of Kamoulianoi was the owner of another molybdoboullos. Anagnostos is the reader, originally secular one, then the clergyman of a low rank, whose main service includes the reading of texts of apostolic constitutions from an ambon. The phrase «the doulos of the Mother of God» can indicate that John belonged to a diakonia, informal community of clergymen and laymen, established with the pious purposes (for example, for joint worship to some holy icon) and for mutual aid for its members. John was associate at the church of the Mother of God of Kamoulianoi in which the icon of the Mother of God of Kamoulianoi or its copy was stored. This icon is celebrated on May 28 on Gregorian Style or on May 15 on Old Style. It is interesting to note that some important data on this icon coincide with the legend of the acheiropaeic image of Christ from Kamoulianoi. Possibly, already in ancient sources there was an ambiguity con-cerning division of these two wonder-working images. In a number of manuscripts it is spoken about not made by hand icon of the Mother of God from Kamoulianoi instead of the image of Christ. The scholars propose even that there were two different images of Christ and the Mother of God which came from Kamoulianoi and had been equally revered in Constantinople. The future researches will probably answer this question and the seals of Kosmas and John will take there an important place, as the authentic evidences of worship of the image of Kamoulianoi (one or probably two) in the early Byzantine times.

Статья посвящена анализу проблемы преподавания религии в школах в европейских странах. Рассматриваются отличия в подходах к решению этой проблемы, дискуссии по поводу содержания и форм преподавания и его основных целей. Автор делает вывод о том, что в целом преподавание религии рассматривается в качестве важной части воспитания гражданственности и в то же время зависит от историко-культурной традиции, конкретных социально-политических обстоятельств в той или иной стране. The article analyses the status of teaching religion at schools in European countries, taking into consideration different approaches, discussions about the substance, forms and purposes of religious education. The author concludes that religious education in general is seen as the important part of citizenship education, and at the same time, it depends on historical-cultural tradition and current socio-political situation in particular country.

Im vorliegenden Artikel werden sieben Bleisiegel aus der Staatlichen Eremitage St.-Petersburg publiziert, die Verwaltern des Themas von Thessaloniki gehörten. 1. Gregorios, Proedros und Dux von Thessaloniki (M-2314, 11. Jh., Erstveröffentlichung). 2. Theodoros (?), Anthypatos, Patrikios und Dux von Thessaloniki (M-2477, 11. Jh., Erstveröffentlichung). 3. Pastilas (?), Proedros und Dux von Thessaloniki und Serrhai (M-2934 und M-3103, verfertigt mit demselben Matrizenpaar, Erstveröffentlichung). 4. Ioseph, Katepano von Thessaloniki (M-6786, 11. Jh., Erstveröffentlichung). 5. Baasakios Diogenes, Anthypatos, Patrikios und Katepano von Thessaloniki (M-6015, 11. Jh.). 6. Orestes, Protospatharios, Koitonites und Katepano von Thessaloniki und Bulgarien (M-12239, 11. Jh., Erstveröffentlichung).

В статье рассматривается понятие «рейтинг» применительно к оценке деятельности вузовского преподавателя. Приводятся примеры, когда чисто механический перенос этого понятия из других сфер человеческой деятельности негативно сказывается на качестве всей системы материального и морального стимулирования в вузе. Основное внимание уделено формированию типологии рейтинговых оценок деятельности преподавателя, предназначенной для применения в системе поддержки принятия управленческих решений в вузе. In the paper the concept of rating conformably to the evaluation of lecturer's activities at the institute of higher education (college) is considered. The examples, when a purely mechanical transfer of this concept from other spheres of human activities adversely affects the quality of the whole system of gratuity and moral incentive at the institute of higher education are considered. Main attention is paid to the typology formation of rating evaluations in lecturer's activities meant for use in the system of support of management decision making in an institute of higher education.

Theophanes Continuatus bezeichnet Staurakios und Kosmas als gewinnund goldgierige Kaufleute, die durch Vermittlung des Musikos, der im Dienste des allmächtigen Basileopator Zautzas stand, „ihr Geschäft mit den Bulgaren in die Stadt Thessaloniki verlegten und die Bulgaren auf üble Weise besteuerten". Infolgedessen brach im Jahr 894 zwischen Bulgarien und Byzanz der Krieg aus. Nach 894 verließ Staurakios Thessaloniki, war am Hofe Leons VI. tätig und wurde wegen Veruntreuung zum Mönch geschoren. Das geschah nicht lange vor dem Ableben des Zautzas Mitte 899. Die Laufbahn des Staurakios kann auf Grund von Siegeln näher bestimmt werden. Auf dem ersten Siegel aus der Sammlung der Ermitage, zu datieren auf die Zeit nach 867, begegnet uns Staurakios als Kommerkiarios von Thessaloniki. Auf dem zweiten Siegel (durch je ein Exemplar in Dumbarton Oaks und in der Ermitage bekannt) nennt er sich kaiserlicher Spatharios und Kommerkiarios von Thessaloniki. Die Avers-Seite des dritten Siegels aus der Sammlung des Numismatischen Museums zu Athen ist durch eine Darstellung geschmückt, deren Interpretation für die Bestimmung der Etappen der Laufbahn von Staurakios von grundlegender Bedeutung ist. Er ist bereits Spatharokandidatos und nimmt das Amt des Protonotarios wahr, das zweitwichtigste in der Themenverfassung. Gleichzeitig bleibt er Kommerkiarios von Thessaloniki. Die Vereinigung dieser beiden Ämter ist ein Sonderfall und begegnet in der Verwaltungspraxis von Byzanz sehr selten. Theophanes Continuatus teilt uns nicht mit, welche Stellung Staurakios am Hof in Konstantinopel einnahm. Darüber geben Siegel des Staurakios als έπί τῶν βαρβάρων Auskunft. Der Vergleich der Darstellungen auf dem Siegel des Staurakios, Protonotarios und Kommerkiarios von Thessaloniki, und der Komposition eines der Siegel des Staurakios έπί τῶν βαρβάρων zeigt, dass es sich um ein und dieselbe Szene der Segnung des hi. Nestor durch den hi. Demetrios handelt, d.h. auch in Konstantinopel hielt Staurakios als έπί τῶν βαρβάρων einige Zeit an diesem Sujet fest, das er in der Folge aufgab. Eine große Anzahl von Siegeln des Staurakios weist andere Motive auf. Das bekannteste ist seine Selbstdarstellung. Neben seinem Amt als έπί τῶν βαρβάρων trägt er auf den einen Siegeln den Hoftitel Richter des Velum, auf den anderen ist er als έπί τῶν οίϰειαϰῶν, Verwalter des kaiserlichen Privatvermögens, genannt. Eine bedeutende Anzahl von Siegeln dieses Beamten (ca. 25 Stück) bezieht sich offensichtlich auf den Charakter seiner Tätigkeit. Zuerst war er Kommerkiarios und versah sehr viele Dokumente mit seinem Siegel. Nach seinem Ruf an den Hof setzte er seine Aktivität fort. Die Matrizen seiner Siegel waren einem ständigen Verschleiß unterworfen und mussten durch neue ersetzt werden. Bei dieser Gelegenheit wurden auch die Darstellungen geändert. Da Staurakios noch zu Lebzeiten des Zautzas zum Mönch geschoren wurde, sind diese Bleisiegel nicht vor 894 und nicht nach Mitte 899 zu datieren. Der cursus honorum des Staurakios ist folgender: ϰομμερϰιάριος Θεσσαλονίϰης, βασιλιϰός σπαθάριος ϰαί ϰομμερϰιάριος Θεσσαλονίϰης, βασιλιϰός σπαθάροϰανδιδἄτος ϰομμερϰιάριος ϰαί πρωτονοτάριος Θεσσαλονίϰης, βασιλιϰός πρωτοσπαθάριος, έπί τῶν οίϰειαχῶν ϰαί έπί τῶν βαρβάρων.

Auf dem Territorium von Chersones wurden seit Beginn des 20. Jh.s Siegel mit folgenden Namen gefunden: Epiphanios, Patrikios, kaiserlicher Protospatharios und Stratege von Sizilien; Epiphanios, kaiserlicher Protospatharios und Stratege von Sizilien; Leon, Patrikios und Stratege von Sizilien; Prokopios. Darüber hinaus fanden sich auch mehr als 70 Münzen, die in der Münze von Syrakus geprägt wurden. Wahrscheinlich ist das Auftreten einer beachtlichen Menge von Pholeis Leons V. und Konstantins weder auf den Zustrom von Ikonodulen noch auf die Tätigkeit sizilianischer Händler noch auf die Stationierung eines sizilianischen Kontingents in Chersones zurückzuführen, sondern auf die Prägung von Pholeis in der Münze von Syrakus, die eigens für Chersones bestimmt waren.