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Sheng-Te Hung,1 Yi-Chen Cheng,2 Chieh-Chen Wu,2 Chun-Hsien Su1,2 1Graduate Institute of Sports Coaching Science, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 111396, Taiwan; 2Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 111396, TaiwanCorrespondence: Chun-Hsien Su, Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, 55, Hwa-Kang Road, Shilin Distract, Taipei City, 111396, Taiwan, Tel +886-2-28610511 ext.45001, Fax +886-2-28617084, Email chsu@ulive.pccu.edu.twAbstract: This review examines the impact of physical activity, nutrition, and sleep evaluations on the physical wellness (PW) and overall well-being of older individuals. A comprehensive search was conducted in databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO Information Services. The search spanned from January 2000 to December 2022, resulting in 19,400 articles, out of which 98 review articles met the inclusion criteria. Through the analysis of these articles, key characteristics of the literature were summarized, and opportunities to enhance the practical application of physical activity (PA), nutrition, and sleep evaluations in the daily lives of older persons were identified. Regular physical activity is crucial for older persons to maintain their physical, mental, and emotional well-being and prevent age-related health issues. Older persons have specific nutritional needs, including increased protein, vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin B12 intake. Poor sleep quality in older persons is associated with negative health outcomes such as cognitive decline, physical disability, and mortality. This review emphasizes the significance of considering physical wellness as a fundamental element for achieving holistic well-being in older persons and highlights the importance of physical activity, nutrition, and sleep evaluations in improving their overall health and well-being. By understanding and implementing these findings, we can enhance the quality of life and promote healthy aging in older persons.Keywords: wellness, healthy aging, physical activity, nutrition, sleep

Additional file 1. Supplementary Table 1. Age specific cut-off points for MetS components of children and adolescents 12-19 years.

Noise reduction techniques are developed for a multibit cascaded sigma-delta (ÓÄ) modulator used in the analog interface of a digital signal processing system to improve its performance by reducing the errors introduced by digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The idea of the proposed architecture is to create extra feedback paths around the modulator to reduce the DAC errors further by properly designing the error cancellation logic. Transfer functions show that the DAC error at the final stage of the proposed architecture is totally cancelled, while DAC errors from other internal stages are shaped by an order higher than those in a conventional cascaded modulator. The difficulty in circuit implementation of modulators with high resolution and bandwidth increases due to the imperfection of analog components in VLSI processes. Structural and circuit-level compensation techniques are generally used in developing such modulators. Major analog nonideal effects in a multibit cascaded ÓÄ modulator include coefficient mismatches, DAC nonlinearity errors, and integrator leakages. While providing solutions for each of these nonidealities, this dissertation focuses on the minimization of the DAC error since it causes the most performance deterioration. A configurable fourth-order (2-1-1) ÓÄ modulator is implemented for architecture verification. This modulator can be configured as the proposed architecture as well as a conventional cascaded structure with various modulator orders. The design of the system's parameters and analog blocks are fully described in this dissertation. The system is fabricated by the AMI Semiconductor (AMIS) 0.5ìm double-poly triple-metal mixed- signal process through the MOSIS service. Measurement results show that with on-chip error of ±0.15 LSB for each DAC and an oversampling ratio (OSR) of 32, an improvement of 8dB of the proposed architecture over the conventional structure is observed.