Search

Background: The transformation efficiency (TE) of wheat is slow due to its recalcitrance nature to in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation. Nowadays, the TE of wheat immature embryo from cultivar Fielder in the PureWheat technique was greatly improved by a series of special chemical and physical methods. To explore the mechanisms of wheat high TE in this protocol, we strictly followed the procedures to obtain wheat immature embryos after Agrobacterium infection for 24 and 48 h, observed the surface of immature embryos using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and conducted comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analysis. Results: SEM showed that Agrobacterium tumefaciens were deposited under the damaged cortex of wheat immature embryos caused by pretreatment and contacted the receptor cells to improve the TE. Transcriptome analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway. By analyzing the correlation between differentially expressed genes and metabolites, the expression of many genes and accumulation of metabolites are changed in glucose metabolism and the TCA cycle, as well as amino acid metabolism, it suggests that the wheat embryo infected with Agrobacterium is an energy demanding process. The shikimate pathway may act as a hub between glucose metabolism and phenylpropane metabolism during Agrobacterium infection. The down-regulation of F5H gene and up-regulation of CCR gene led to the accumulation of lignin precursor through phenylpropane metabolism. In addition, several metabolic pathways and oxidases were found to be involved in the infection treatment, including melatonin biosynthesis, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, betaine biosynthesis, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, which suggest that wheat embryo may be under the stress of Agrobacterium and thus undergo oxidative stress response. Conclusion: Our findings contribute to understand the underlying the mysterious mechanism of the high TE of wheat immature embryos stimulated by Agrobacteriumby exploring valuable genes and metabolites.

Some patients experiencing depressive episodes can switch to mania or become mania during treatment with antidepressants. Avoiding a switch is an important part of any therapeutic plan, whether a patient suffers from unipolar or bipolar depression. One method of avoiding switching is use of a mood stabilizer, such as lithium carbonate.The research team performed a narrative review by searching Chinese electronic databases: the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG, and the Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (VIP). The search used the keywords depression-bipolar depression and depressive episode-and lithium carbonate. Results such as comments, letters, reviews, and case reports were excluded.The study took place at Jinhua Second Hospital, China.A random effect model was used to account for the data, using Revman 5.2. The switch rate for the intervention groups was 8.28% or 29 out of 351 participants and of the control groups was 25.29% or 87 out of 344 participants (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.39). Lithium carbonate reduced the switch rate by 67.25% [(25.29%-8.28%) /25.29%]. In the bipolar depression group, lithium carbonate reduced the switch rate by 68.11% [(25.84%-8.24%) /25.84%]. In the depression and unipolar depression groups, lithium carbonate reduced the switch rate by 67.07% [(25.29%-8.26%) /25.29%]. In the group of patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), lithium reduced the switch rate by 60.3% [(29.85%-11.85%) /29.85%]. In group of patients treated by tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), lithium carbonate reduced the switch rate by 73.14% [(22.28%-6.01%) /22.28%].As typical mood stabilizer, lithium carbonate can reduce the antidepressant-induced switch rates in patients with depressive episodes regardless of the type of antidepressant and the type of depressive episode. Further research should compare the effectiveness of lithium carbonate to that of other mood stabilizers in preventing switching associated with antidepressants.

The aim of this study was to identify and understand the syndromes of mania in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as described in Chinese literature on the integrated treatment of mania using TCM and Western medicine.A literature search conducted in Chinese databases identified 27 articles that were included in a statistical analysis to determine the proportion of mania cases represented by various TCM syndromes.After combining similar syndromes, we found that the TCM syndromes of mania could be categorized as phlegm-fire disturbance of the mind (Tanhuoraoshen), phlegm-heat stagnation (Tanreyujie), qi stagnation and blood stasis (Qizhixueyu), liver qi stagnation (Gandanyure), and fire injury Yin (Huoshengshnagyin). These syndrome categories accounted for 55.6%, 18.5%, 14.8%, 7.4% and 3.7% of mania cases, respectively. Manic symptom severity scores differed significantly among phlegm-fire disturbance of the mind (26.8 ± 1.6), phlegm-heat stagnation (31.1 ± 1.9), and qi stagnation and blood stasis (23.5 ± 2.2).The largest proportion of mania cases involved phlegm-fire disturbance of the mind, phlegm-heat stagnation, or qi stagnation and blood stasis. Cumulatively, these syndromes accounted for 88.9% of cases; the severity of manic symptoms different significantly among the 3 syndrome categories. Smaller proportions of cases represented liver qi stagnation or fire injury Yin.

Background: Although mania or hypomania was defined as indispensable for bipolar disorder, depressive episodes are more common and impairing, with proven response to treatments.So the prevention switch was a important affair in clinical psychiatryMethods: We searched CBM, CNKI, WANFANG and CSSCI in Chinese to find literature from July 1 2000 to July 31 2020 related to the study in model of “comparison of switch rate between combination treatment of lithium and antidepressant and monotherapy of antidepressant in patients with depressive episode”, among which results such as comments, letters, reviews and case reports were excluded. The rate of switch between groups was synthesized and discussed. Result: A total of 695 subjects were included in 9 studies. Random effect model is used to account for the data by Revman 5.2. The results showed that the switch rate of lithium carbonate was 8.28%(29/350),switch rate of antidepressant was 25.29%(87/344), which was very different in switch rate(OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.16–0.39) and also indicated that lithium reduced switch rate was 67.25%(25.29%-8.28%/25.29%). In bipolar depression group, lithium reduced switch rate was 68.11%(25.84%-8.24%/25.84%). In depression group, lithium reduced switch rate was 67.34%(25.29%-8.26%/25.29%). In group of patients treated by SSRI, lithium reduced switch rate was 60.3%(29.85%-11.85%/29.85%).In group of patients treated by TCA, lithium reduced switch rate was 73.14%(22.28%-6.01%/22.28%). Conclusion: As typical mood stabilizer, lithium carbonate can reduced switch rate related to antidepressant in patients with depressive episode.

BackgroundThe diagnosis of bipolar disorder is still one of the key problems in psychiatric clinic. Although DSM-5 has made some important changes, it has not completely changed the missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder.It was very important that diagnostic scale was used in clinic.But the study results of assist diagnostic scale for bipolar disorder should been concluded and analyzed.Bipolarity index was one of assist diagnostic scale,which should be analyzed comprehensively.MethodsWe searched CBM, CNKI , WANFANG and CSSCI in Chinese to find literature from Julyr 31 2004 to July 31 2020 related to Bipolarity Index in diagnosis for bipolar disorder ,among which results such as comments, letters, reviews and case reports were excluded. The rate of sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value in diagnosis was synthesized and discussed.ResultsA total of 1237 subjects were included in 5 studies. Random effect model is used to account for the data by Revman 5.2. The results showed that the sensitivity of BI in diagnostic was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.93–1.00), the specificity was 85% (95% CI: 0.69–0.96). the positive predict value was 74% (95% CI: 0.53–0.91).the negative predict value was 95% (95% CI: 0.81–1.00).and accuracy was 86% (95% CI: 0.77–0.93). Significant heterogeneity was detected across studies regarding these incidence estimates. ConclusionThe idea diagnostic value of BI was found. although the significant heterogeneity detected in studies.We must interpret the results with caution and also put attention to this result,which include comparison to other diagnostic scale,perfecting sue of BI in clinical psychiatry.

To some extent, melancholia in different Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Syndromes represents different "subtypes" of depression. Whether bipolar depression or general depression, whether accompanied with or without psychotic symptoms, or with or without cognitive impairment, there are clinical and possible biological differences in these depressions, which indicates that different "subtypes" of depression represented by different TCM syndromes not only are different clinical syndromes, but also imply that there may be some biomarkers. The melancholia with liver depression and stagnation is different from melancholia with deficiency of both heart and spleen in clinical symptoms, which may indicate that there are differences in some potential biological biomarkers. For example, central nervous transmitters, trace elements, electrophysiology, neuroendocrinology, brain imaging, and even genomics may differ among different TCM syndrome types of depression, which not only serves for the modernization of TCM, but also finds biological differences for different TCM syndrome types of depression.

Floral reversion is a process in which differentiated floral organs revert back to vegetative organs. Although this phenomenon has been described for decades, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that immature switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) inflorescences can revert to neonatal shoots when incubated on a basal medium with benzylaminopurine. We used anatomical and histological methods to verify that these shoots were formed from floret primordia through flower reversion. To further explore the gene regulation of floral reversion in switchgrass, the transcriptome of reversed, unreversed, and uncultured immature inflorescences were analyzed and 517 genes were identified as participating in flower reversion. Annotation using non-redundant databases revealed that these genes are involved in plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, DNA replication and modification, and other processes crucial for switchgrass flower reversion. When four of the genes were overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, vegetative growth was facilitated and reproductive growth was inhibited in transgenic plants. This study provides a basic understanding of genes regulating the floral transition in switchgrass and will promote the research of floral reversion and flower maintenance.

Objective: to analyze the distribution characteristics and composition ratio of Chinese medicine syndrome in manic disease from the published literature on the combined treatment of manic mania by Chinese and Western medicine. Methods: to collect literature from Chinese database, to analyze and classify the cases that meet the standard combined treatment of Chinese and Western medicine, analyze the distribution of different syndromes and composition ratio. Results: 1385 cases were studied. Among them, 48.95% were phlegm fire disturbance to the mind, 20.50% were stagnation of phlegm and heat, 12.37% were liver and gall depression heat, 10.76% were qi stagnation and blood stasis, and 7.51% were fire injury Yin. Conclusion: The first three syndrome can cover more than 80% of the proportion. The contribution degree of the first three is also higher.

Due to real-time systems' good real-time., predictability, scalability and high reliability, they are widely used in aerospace and medical fields, etc. VxWorks is an important realtime operating system. In order to fully test the real-time performance, this paper deeply analyzes the influencing factors of five key performance indicators such as task switching time, preemption time, interrupt latency time, message communication time and semaphore shuffling time. Based on these, a high precision system clock is used to insert timestamps at the entrances and exits of corresponding operations of each indicator and dynamically test the index parameters. According to the above test method, VxWorks6.8.3 real-time operating system performance is tested. The test results show that the real-time performance of VxWorks6.8.3 is strong, and it meets engineering's performance requirements.

Focus on the issue of whether the increase of the price of the residential properties in Shanghai is raising too rapidly through collected data of Shanghai real estate development from 1991 to 2004. Analyse how GDP (Gross Domestic Product), income, supply and demand, and the development cost will affect the price of the residential properties. Master of Business Administration