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In this light microscopic study, morphometric parameters of the circumvallate papillae and the number of their taste buds in tongues of young (6-9 month-old) and aged (7 year-old) Akkaraman sheep were compared in order to determine general morphology and whether there were age-related differences in general morphology and numbers of the taste buds between young and aged animals. The tongues were obtained from a local slaughterhouse. Tissue samples containing dorsal lingual papillae of 32 tongues (16 young and 16 aged) from both sexes (equal numbers of the males and females) were used for histological investigation. The mean number and diameter of the circumvallate papilla, mean number and diameter of the taste buds, and the taste bud number per circumvallate papilla were determined under the light microscope. There were no significant differences between the young and aged animals in the mean number and diameter of circumvallate papillae, the taste bud number and the diameter, taste bud number per papilla. Nevertheless, the aged animals had larger circumvallate papillae. These results showed that number of the taste buds and circumvallate papilla did not change with aging in Akkaraman sheep. Because that general morphology of the circumvallate papillae and their taste bud numbers did not change even in older animals, any age-related differences in the sense of taste can not be attributed to gross degenerative changes in taste buds of circumvallate papillae. more...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aflatoxin (AF) on spermatologic, biochemical, and testis parameters in rams, and the protective efficiency of esterified glucomannan (EG) co-administered with AF. Thirty-two Merino rams (12-14 months old) were used. The experimental design consisted of four dietary treatments. The control group was fed commercial feed. The AF group was fed with commercial feed plus 250 μg/d of total AF. The EG group received commercial feed plus 2 g/d of EG. The AF + EG group was given commercial feed plus 250 μg/d of total AF and 2 g/d of EG. There were treatment, time, and treatment-by-time interaction effects on sperm motility, abnormal spermatozoa, damaged acrosome, and dead spermatozoa (P < 0.01). The percentage of motile sperm was lower and the percentages of abnormal sperm, sperm with damaged acrosomes, and dead sperm were greater in the AF group than in the control, AF+EG, and EG groups, as from week 3 until the end of week 12 (P < 0.05). As from week 3, hyaluronidase activity in the seminal plasma increased significantly in the AF group, compared with the control. The co-administration of AF+EG was found to be effective in preventing the increase in hyaluronidase activity. As week 4, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher in the AF group compared with the control. The combined administration of AF+EG was found to be effective in lowering the MDA levels, increased by AF, to the levels measured in the control (P < 0.05). Although glutathione (GSH) levels were determined to have significantly decreased in the AF group in comparison to the control, it was observed that, in the group co-administered with AF and EG, particularly after week 7, the GSH levels, which had decreased owing to AF, were largely ameliorated (P < 0.05). In conclusion, AF adversely affected spermatologic, biochemical, and testis parameters, and the combined administration of EG with AF reversibly eliminated these adverse effects in rams. more...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aflatoxin (AF) on spermatologic, biochemical, and testis parameters in rams, and the protective efficiency of esterified glucomannan (EG) co-administered with AF. Thirty-two Merino rams (12-14 months old) were used. The experimental design consisted of four dietary treatments. The control group was fed commercial feed. The AF group was fed with commercial feed plus 250 mu g/d of total AF. The EG group received commercial feed plus 2 g/d of EG. The AF + EG group was given commercial feed plus 250 mu g/d of total AF and 2 g/d of EG. There were treatment, time, and treatment-by-time interaction effects on sperm motility, abnormal spermatozoa, damaged acrosome, and dead spermatozoa (P < 0.01). The percentage of motile sperm was lower and the percentages of abnormal sperm, sperm with damaged acrosomes, and dead sperm were greater in the AF group than in the control, AF+EG, and EG groups, as from week 3 until the end of week 12 (P < 0.05). As from week 3, hyaluronidase activity in the seminal plasma increased significantly in the AF group, compared with the control. The co-administration of AF+EG was found to be effective in preventing the increase in hyaluronidase activity. As week 4, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher in the AF group compared with the control. The combined administration of AF+EG was found to be effective in lowering the MDA levels, increased by AF, to the levels measured in the control (P < 0.05). Although glutathione (GSH) levels were determined to have significantly decreased in the AF group in comparison to the control, it was observed that, in the group co-administered with AF and EG, particularly after week 7, the GSH levels, which had decreased owing to AF, were largely ameliorated (P < 0.05). In conclusion, AF adversely affected spermatologic, biochemical, and testis parameters, and the combined administration of EG with AF reversibly eliminated these adverse effects in rams. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. more...

Çalışma, terapötik ultrasonun kırık iyileşmesi üzerine etkisini, fiziksel, radyolojik ve mikroskobik olarak belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Araştırma toplam 48 adet sağlıklı tavşan üzerinde dört grup halinde gerçekleştirildi. Tüm hayvanlara bilateral fibular osteotomi yapıldı. Operasyondan sonraki günden başlamak üzere, hayvanların sol fibulaları üzerine, gruplara göre sıra ile 02, 0.5, 1 ve 1.5 Watt/cm2 yoğunluğunda pulzatif ultrason uygulandı. Uygulama, 10 gün boyunca günde 10 dakikalık seanslar halinde yapıldı. Kontrol grubu olarak kullanılan sağ fibulalar üzerine ise aynı sürelerde ultrason cihazı çalıştırılmaksızın sadece prob friksiyonu uygulandı. Araştırmanın 0.7,15,21 ve30. günlerinde sağ ve sol fibulaların radyografisi alındı. Bir ay sonunda tavşanlara ötenazi yapılarak sağ ve sol fibulaları alındı. Her gruptaki ikişer çift fibula'nın histolojik muayenesi yapıldı. Diğer numunelerde kallus büyüklükler, medio-lateral ve aaterio-posterior eksenlerden, kompas ile ölçüldü. Aynı numunelerde basma ve çekme deneyleri yapılarak kallus mukavemeti değerlendirildi., The effect of ultrasound therapy on fresh fracture healing was investigated experimentally in this study by physical, radiological and microscopical findings. Complete bilateral transverse fibular osteotomies were made in 48 rabbits. The rabbits were divided into four groups and while the left fibular fractures were treated with pulsed ultasound in an intensity of 0.2,0.5 and 1.5 Watt/cm2 respectiveliy, the mock-irradiated right limbs served as untreated controls. Ultrasoundtherapy was started the day after the operation and continued for ten days in periods of ten minutes daily. The right and left fibular osteotomies were evaluated radiologically just after the operation and in the 7 th, 15 th, 21 st and 30 th days. After the last radiologic controls, animals were euthanasied and right and left fibulae were collected. While the two pairs of fibulae from each group were evaluated histologically, callus sizes of other samples were measured from medio-lateral and anterio-posterior axises. The biomechanical properties of the callus was evaluated by testing the compression and tensile forces of the samples. It was concluded that fresh fracture healing was accelerated by ultrasound application in an intesity of 0.2 and 0.5 Watt/cm2 than 1 and 1.5 Watt/cm2 by the physical, radiological and microscopical findigs. more...

WOS: 000482264200008, PubMed: 30864862, Acrylamide is an important industrial chemical; it also is formed in starch-rich foodstuffs during baking, frying and roasting. Most acrylamide exposure occurs by ingestion of processed foods. We investigated possible immunotoxic effects of extended administration of low doses of acrylamide in rats. To do this, we measured alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) activities in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Male and female weanling Wistar rats were administered 2 or 5 mg acrylamide/kg/day in drinking water for 90days. Peripheral blood was sampled at the end of the administration period. We found ANAE staining in eosinophils and T-lymphocytes, but not in monocytes, platelets, B-lymphocytes and neutrophils. ACP-ase was found in B-lymphocytes. We found a significant reduction of the ratio of ANAE:ACP-ase in lymphocytes of the experimental animals compared to controls. We found no statistically significant differences between the doses or sexes. We found that acrylamide ingested in processed foods might affect the immune system adversely by decreasing the population of mature T- and B-lymphocytes., Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Units, Konya/TURKEY [11401013], This work was supported by Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Units, Konya/TURKEY [grant number 11401013]. more...