26 results on '"Sylvaine Lemeilleur"'
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2. Common Property Regimes in Participatory Guarantee Systems (Pgs): Sharing Responsibility in the Collective Management of Organic Labels
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Sylvaine Lemeilleur and Philippe Ninnin
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- 2023
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3. Analyzing institutional changes in community-based management: A case study of a participatory guarantee system for organic labeling in Brazil
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Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Claire Dorville, Paulo Niederle, and Hélène Ilbert
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General Economics, Econometrics and Finance - Abstract
The literature on collective action has poorly addressed processes of incremental institutional changes within organizations. This paper helps fill this gap by shedding light on how the community-based management of an organic label has changed following its formal recognition as a ‘participatory guarantee system’ (PGS). Ostrom and Basurto's (2011) analytical tool is useful to describe the changes in collective rules to address collective action problems that take place in standard-setting and labeling activities. Using original data collected from the Ecovida Agroecology Network – the oldest and largest PGS in Brazil –, we study the multi-scale changes in governance rules from the 1970s until today. We pay particular attention to the links between the institutional consolidation of PGS, its recognition by public authorities, and its adaptation to legal rules. We detail analytical operators indicating whether the introduction of the PGS rules at the national level was bottom-up or top-down. Our findings emphasize how local communities have been able to both adapt their governance system in response to the official arrangements concerning organic regulations, and influence national public arenas where these arrangements are defined. This form of co-management has been accompanied by a significant increase in the number of PGS-certified farmers.
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- 2022
4. From rural to urban areas: new trends and challenges for the commons in Morocco
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Bruno Romagny, Mohammed Aderghal, Laurent Auclair, Hélène Ilbert, Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
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Morocco ,rural-urban relationships ,Political Science and International Relations ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Development ,Public policies ,Food quality ,Commons ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; The concept of commons is part of the long history of the Moroccan peasantry. Traditionally, many natural resources, such as water for irrigation, collective lands and common pastures or the forests were governed by community principles derived from customary rules, like in the 'agdal' system for example. However, these collective systems have been greatly weakened over the years. Firstly, these organisations, inherited from the traditional hierarchical system of local politics, had produced sometimes unjust and inefficient systems of resource distribution to the advantage of the most powerful. Secondly, rural communities were From rural to urban areas: new trends and challenges for the commons in Morocco Recto running head : THE JOURNAL OF NORTH AFRICAN STUDIES Verso running head : B. ROMAGNY ET AL.
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- 2021
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5. Institutional innovations for organic agriculture in Africa
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Loconto, Allison M., Eve Fouilleux, Pauline BENDJEBBAR, Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Arlène Alpha, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Perez, Isabelle, and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,Market development ,Participatory Guarantee Systems ,Institutional innovation ,Public policy ,Africa ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,"Organics" in general ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; What are the main drivers and bottlenecks that shape the development of the organic sector in Africa? Which factors can support an organic transition in Africa? In this paper, we hypothesize that in order to scale up organic agriculture, food system actors must engage not only in technological innovations in production and processing, but also in institutional innovations. A change in scale means here an increased geographical presence and organizational capacity, distributed and autonomous activities, and a strong movement to share experiences across Africa. By institutional innovations, we mean new rules of exchange for fair and inclusive markets, new technologies and practices to guarantee organic quality, and innovative public policies. Based on three national cases (Uganda, Tanzania, Morocco), we propose a methodology to explore the potential synergies among these three types of institutional innovations.
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- 2021
6. Can fair trade resolve the 'hungry farmer paradox'?
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Ninon Sirdey, Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q19 - Other ,Matching (statistics) ,Fair trade ,Économie domestique ,E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution ,Qualitative property ,Développement rural ,Coffee ,Agricultural economics ,Peru ,exploitant agricole ,Economics ,Production (economics) ,Leakage (economics) ,E10 - Économie et politique agricoles ,Food security ,business.industry ,[SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics ,E80 - Économie familiale et artisanale ,General Medicine ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,E71 - Commerce international ,Politique alimentaire ,Impact ,Agriculture ,fair trade [EN] ,Sécurité alimentaire des ménages ,business - Abstract
International audience; AbstractFair trade (FT) schemes claim to improve food security by generating economic gains for certified households. Previous research has shown that FT-certified households may benefit from higher prices and incomes. However, little attention has been paid to the implications of FT for food security. In this paper, we use qualitative data, cross-sectional household surveys conducted among coffee-growing households in Peru and matching econometric methods to investigate whether economic gains resulting from FT are enough to ensure food security for farming households. Results show that although FT increased the return from certified coffee (prices, production, yields and net return), the extent of the food insecurity facing FT participants remained unchanged. Our qualitative results suggest that farming households use the additional income they receive from FT to pay for their children’s higher education as a long-term non-farm investment. This leakage effect raises the question of the effect of FT in the medium and long term from a rural development perspective.
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- 2021
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7. Institutional differentiation in the certification of organic products: a comparison of the Participatory Conformity Assessment Bodies in the state of Rio Grande do Sul
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Paulo André Niederle, Sylvaine Lemeilleur, and Claire Dorville
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D50 - Législation ,Certification biologique ,Conformité ,Economics and Econometrics ,certification ,Agriculture (General) ,organic ,organizações ,Sociologia rural ,Institutions ,S1-972 ,Aspectos sociais [Brasil] ,agricultura ,0502 economics and business ,050602 political science & public administration ,instituições ,institutions ,E10 - Économie et politique agricoles ,agriculture ,Produit biologique ,organizations ,05 social sciences ,General Social Sciences ,orgânicos ,Forestry ,certificação ,Agricultura orgânica ,0506 political science ,approches participatives ,Certificação de produto ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,050203 business & management - Abstract
Resumo: Este artigo analisa os fatores de diferenciação institucional nos processos de certificação participativa de produtos orgânicos. Realizada junto aos Organismos Participativos de Avaliação da Conformidade (OPAC) que operam no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a pesquisa visava inicialmente responder se eles estariam convergindo para formatos organizacionais e estratégias similares. A hipótese inicial sugeria o isomorfismo desses organismos em virtude de pressões institucionais coercitivas, normativas e miméticas. No entanto, devido à rejeição da hipótese inicial, buscou-se, então, identificar os fatores que produzem diferenciação institucional. Foram examinados instrumentos normativos que regulam a certificação orgânica, os documentos internos de gestão dos OPACs, transcrições de entrevistas individuais e coletivas com stakeholders e anotações de observações das reuniões e procedimentos de certificação. Os resultados demonstram processos de dissociação (decoupling) impulsionados por três fatores principais: ambiguidade e heterogeneidade do ambiente institucional, resistência dos atores às pressões isomórficas e dinâmicas internas de poder relacionadas com o formato de participação social em cada OPAC. Abstract: This article analyzes the factors of institutional differentiation in the processes of participatory certification of organic products. The research conducted with the participatory conformity assessment bodies (OPACs) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, initially aimed to answer whether they were converging to similar organizational structures and strategies. The initial hypothesis suggested the isomorphism of these organizations due to coercive, normative and mimetic institutional pressures. However, due to the rejection of the initial hypothesis, it sought to identify the factors that produce institutional differentiation. Normative instruments that regulate organic certification, OPACs’ internal management documents, transcripts of individual and collective interviews with stakeholders, and notes issues from the observations of meetings and certification procedures were examined. Results demonstrate decoupling processes driven by three main factors: ambiguity and heterogeneity of the institutional environment, resistance of the actors to isomorphic pressures, and internal power dynamics related to the format of social participation in each OPAC.
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- 2020
8. Social movements and institutional change in organic food markets: Evidence from participatory guarantee systems in Brazil and France
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Claire Dorville, Paulo André Niederle, Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Allison Marie Loconto, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Food and Agriculture Organization, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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Trouble social ,Certification biologique ,certification ,Sociology and Political Science ,Geography, Planning and Development ,E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Face (sociological concept) ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Development ,Institutions ,Marché des produits de base ,Order (exchange) ,Political science ,E50 - Sociologie rurale ,Agroecology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Social movement ,E10 - Économie et politique agricoles ,2. Zero hunger ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Aliment biologique pour homme ,05 social sciences ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Citizen journalism ,Cognitive reframing ,Political economy ,050703 geography ,Diversity (business) - Abstract
Institutional change and diversity have been two major topics of debate in contemporary social sciences. At the core of this debate are actors’ skills to manage the institutional frame that defines limits and possibilities for their strategies. This article analyses how social movements produce institutional change and diversity in the organic food market. It contrasts the experiences of Participatory Guarantee Systems created by Nature & Progres (France) and Ecovida Agroecology Network (Brazil) to reframe the institutional order of the organic market. Results demonstrate that, while the conventional third-party certification remains the dominant institutional frame, there is space for competing schemes. However, the relevance of the alternatives depends both on the characteristics of the institutional order historically shaped in each context, and on the skills social movements possess to face the interests of the dominant actors. In this way, the article demonstrates that, in comparison to Nature & Progres, Ecovida has been a more skillful movement because of its closer connection with other social movements and state actors, compelling Brazil to produce an institutional frame more open to diversity than that found in France.
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- 2020
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9. Coffee farmers' incentives to comply with sustainability standards
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Julie Subervie, Maria Sylvia Macchione Saes, Anderson Edilson Presoto, Roberta de Castro Souza Pião, and Sylvaine Lemeilleur
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Economics and Econometrics ,D50 - Législation ,certification ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Price premium ,Certification ,010501 environmental sciences ,Development ,01 natural sciences ,0502 economics and business ,Sustainable agriculture ,Agriculture durable ,education ,Durabilité ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,2. Zero hunger ,E21 - Agro-industrie ,Industrie du café ,education.field_of_study ,Public economics ,Incitation ,05 social sciences ,Payment ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Participation des agriculteurs ,Incentive ,Cash ,Sustainability ,050202 agricultural economics & policy ,Business ,PRODUÇÃO AGRÍCOLA ,normes alimentaires - Abstract
PurposeThis paper investigates the incentives to coffee farmers to participate in certification schemes that require improved agricultural practices.Design/methodology/approachThe authors ran a choice experiment among 250 Brazilian coffee farmers in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.FindingsThe authors’ findings show that both cash and non-cash payments are likely to incentive farmers' participation in a certification scheme. Besides price premium, incentives as long-term contracts and provision of technical would encourage producers to adopt eco-certification schemes. Our results also suggest that non-cash payments may be appropriate substitutes to a price premium to some extent.Research limitations/implicationsThe large coffee producers are over-represented in our sample compared to the population of Brazilian coffee farms. However, it seems reasonable to focus on these producers, as they are usually the ones who individually adopt strategies, since small farmers are induced by collective strategies (e.g. cooperatives).Social implicationsThe result regarding technical assistance makes sense given that Brazilian farmers generally have poor access to rural extension services.Originality/valueWe contributed in the literature about adoption of sustainable agriculture practices analyzing the requirements and motivations for farmer participation in certification schemes. We also contribute private and public strategies to encourage the adoption of sustainable practices.
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- 2020
10. Correction to: Can fair trade resolve the 'hungry farmer paradox'?
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Ninon Sirdey and Sylvaine Lemeilleur
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Fair trade ,business.industry ,Agriculture ,Economics ,General Medicine ,International trade ,business - Published
- 2021
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11. Uncertain impacts of new technologies: the case of digital agriculture and blockchains
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Olivier Lepiller, Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Alexandre Hobeika, and Elodie Maître d'Hôtel
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Emerging technologies ,Social sustainability ,Adoption de l'innovation ,Distribution (economics) ,E12 - Travail et emploi ,Production (economics) ,Value chain ,Pays en développement ,Technologies de l'information et de la communication ,business.industry ,U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques ,Corporate governance ,A01 - Agriculture - Considérations générales ,Agriculture ,Environmental economics ,Informatique ,Condition de travail ,Food systems ,business - Abstract
Digital innovations are central to the transformation of food systems, from production and processing through to distribution. While they have the potential to enhance environmental and social sustainability across the value chain, they could also have disruptive effects on organisations and come with huge uncertainties in terms of access to these technologies, working conditions ('Uberisation') and governance. This chapter aims to briefly address the challenges associated with the diffusion of these technologies in developing countries. We focus on the examples of digital agriculture and blockchains.
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- 2019
12. Organic farming in France
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Thomas Poméon, Eve Fouilleux, Allison Marie Loconto, and Sylvaine Lemeilleur
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Politics ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Political science ,Political economy ,Organic farming ,Public policy ,Certification and Accreditation - Abstract
This chapter analyses the debates and tensions that characterise the field of organic agriculture. 1 These tensions concern the principles, but perhaps more often, the practices and systems put in place to implement organic agriculture, which can lead to an important gap between the discourse and the facts about organic food. We analyse the specifications and the mechanisms of certification and accreditation in organic food and explore the three poles of the ‘tripartite standards regime' that define organic food. To reflect on these tensions two models are compared: the ‘official' AB label supported by public policies, and private standards such as Nature & Progres. Although these private standards are less significant when measured by volume and turnover, they are promoted by very active actors in different social and political forums. The case of organic agriculture e enlightens the relations between market and political rationalities and the synergies and contradictions that they generate.
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- 2018
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13. The participatory guarantee system in organic farming and food labels: Toward a reappropriation of intellectual commons
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Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Gilles Allaire, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Observatoire des Programmes Communautaires de Développement Rural, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)
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D50 - Législation ,Économie rurale ,certification ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution ,label ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,commons ,02 engineering and technology ,JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development/O.O1.O19 - International Linkages to Development • Role of International Organizations ,agriculture biologique ,organic farming ,Political science ,0502 economics and business ,Coût ,05 social sciences ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Participation communautaire ,[SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics ,Label de qualité ,Communauté rurale ,JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development/O.O1.O13 - Agriculture • Natural Resources • Energy • Environment • Other Primary Products ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,participatory guarantee system ,JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics ,E16 - Économie de la production ,système participatif de garantie ,JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development/O.O1.O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors • Shadow Economy • Institutional Arrangements ,050202 agricultural economics & policy ,Humanities ,communs ,JEL: K - Law and Economics/K.K1 - Basic Areas of Law/K.K1.K11 - Property Law - Abstract
International audience; We consider the content of organic farming and food labels to be an intellectual common-pool resource. However, access to this resource is under threat from a phenomenon of commodification: third party certification, operated by competitive and private bodies, is becoming the only legal way for the public to access these labels. This expensive guarantee system excludes a large part of the communities from which the resource originated. In this paper, we describe an alternative mechanism: the participatory guarantee system. Drawing on Ostrom’s approach, we analyze the design principles that explain the effectiveness and sustainability of these systems and we argue that their development contributes to a reconquering of the commons.; Les auteurs considèrent le contenu des labels relevant de l’agriculture biologique comme une ressource commune intellectuelle. La certification tierce partie privée et payante s’est imposée comme seul outil légal pour contrôler ces dispositifs et accéder à l’utilisation des labels devenus publics. Cette certification coûteuse est à même d’exclure une partie des communautés à l’origine de la ressource et menace son renouvellement. Dans cet article, les auteurs décrivent un mécanisme alternatif, celui des systèmes participatifs de garantie. En s’appuyant sur l’approche des communs d’Ostrom, ils analysent les conditions d’efficacité et de durabilité de ces systèmes, dont le développement participe à un mouvement de reconquête des communs.
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- 2018
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14. Communs en crise. Agdals, terres collectives, forêts et terroirs au Maroc
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Mohammed Aderghal, Laurent Auclair, Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Hélène Ilbert, Bruno Romagny, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal], Laboratoire Ingénierie du Tourisme, Patrimoine et Développement durable des Territoires (LITOPAD), Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal] (UM5), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM)
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050204 development studies ,Agriculture intensive ,Connaissance indigène ,Productivité ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,PARCOURS ,RESSOURCE TERRITORIALE ,11. Sustainability ,K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales ,SOCIAL CHANGE ,Gouvernance ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Utilisation des terres ,MARGINAL LAND ,05 social sciences ,INDICATION GEOGRAPHIQUE PROTEGEE ,POLITIQUE DE DEVELOPPEMENT ,NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ,Forests and commons ,Communauté rurale ,Administration centrale ,ACTION COLLECTIVE ,E11 - Économie et politique foncières ,Morocco ,CHANGEMENT SOCIAL ,LOCAL PRODUCTS ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Ressource en eau ,State ,INTERVENTION DE L'ETAT ,PROTECTED GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION ,Politique de développement ,Collective Lands ,COMMUNAL FORESTS ,gestion des ressources naturelles ,TERRE MARGINALE ,STATE INTERVENTION ,TERRITORIAL RESOURCES ,Conservation de l'eau ,TERRE COLLECTIVE ,0502 economics and business ,COLLECTIVE TENURE ,COLLECTIVE ACTION ,COMMONS ,PRODUIT DU TERROIR ,Impact sur l'environnement ,BIEN COMMUN ,État ,ARGANIA ,[SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics ,Forêt collective ,15. Life on land ,zones marginales ,DEVELOPMENT POLICY ,marginal areas ,RANGELANDS ,Maroc ,13. Climate action ,FORET COLLECTIVE ,DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,communs - Abstract
International audience; Through economic and geographical cross-disciplinary approaches based on case studies illustrating the current endogenous and exogenous transformations of the use of common resources in Morocco, the aim of this article is to question the evolution of the notion of commons. Is it still relevant to refer to commons when rural communities have frequently lost the power to govern local natural common-pool resources, such as agricultural water, grasslands, or certain types of forests, to the benefit of the state or the private sector? We question the current role of national public authorities who have supported the rise of a production-driven organization, particularly in the context of the “Green Morocco Plan.” Thus, the preservation of natural resources, collective management systems, and traditional expertise have too often been neglected.; À travers les regards croisés de l’économie et de la géographie, et sur la base de plusieurs études de cas démonstratives des transformations en cours au Maroc des usages des ressources communautaires, à la fois endogènes et en lien avec des impulsions extérieures, l’objectif de cet article est d’interroger l’évolution de la notion de communs dans un contexte de crise de ces derniers. Est-il encore possible de parler de communs dans des situations où les communautés rurales se trouvent le plus souvent dessaisies, au profit de l’État et du secteur privé, des prérogatives qui étaient les leurs en matière de gouvernance locale de ressources collectives telles que l’eau agricole, les pâturages ou certaines forêts ? Cette réflexion nous amène à interroger le rôle actuel des pouvoirs publics marocains, notamment dans le cadre du Plan Maroc Vert, qui appuient l’émergence d’un mode d’organisation à vocation productiviste, négligeant trop souvent la préservation des ressources naturelles, des systèmes de gestion et des savoir-faire traditionnels collectifs.
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- 2018
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15. Collective action in agri-chains
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Marie-Isabelle Peyre, Paule Moustier, Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Pierre-Marie Bosc, Hélène David-Benz, and Sylvain Rafflegeau
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Value (ethics) ,certification ,Coffea ,E40 - Coopératives ,Collective action ,Analyse de système ,E14 - Économie et politique du développement ,F01 - Culture des plantes ,Economics ,Musa (plantains) ,Elaeis guineensis ,Transaction cost ,Liberalization ,Groupe d'intérêt ,Marché ,Secteur agricole ,Production laitière ,Politique de développement ,Pays développé ,Secteur agroindustriel ,Pays en développement ,Durabilité ,Sustainable development ,E21 - Agro-industrie ,business.industry ,L01 - Élevage - Considérations générales ,A01 - Agriculture - Considérations générales ,Étude de cas ,Economies of scale ,Bargaining power ,Fair trade ,Organisation ,Développement durable ,Huile de palme ,Economic system ,business ,Lait - Abstract
Since the 1980s, liberalization policies have profoundly altered the economic and institutional contexts in which agricultural producers operate. As a consequence, some of the older forms of collective action, dating from a period when their autonomy and room for manoeuvre were restricted because of State interventions and political ideologies, have been called into question. And yet, liberalization has brought with it a period in which collective action is all the more necessary in order to meet the challenges of a more unpredictable and competitive economic environment. To the traditional issues of economies of scale, bargaining power within value chains, and reduction of transaction costs can now be added those of ensuring sustainable development at the various levels of the agri-chain. Collective action is thus marked by a variety of empirical forms and initiatives of actors that fall more or less in line with the policies that support them. Economic and social inclusion remains a strategic focus to be achieved through participatory inclusion mechanisms, innovation platforms, and mechanisms for cooperation and joint decision making between actors on the basis of information sharing. New mechanisms in which collective action plays a key role are now required in order to respond to environmental and health issues and to meet the new attributes of quality that the consumer now demands. The relative ineffectiveness of collective action in the agrifood sectors in countries of the South is due to the inadequate institutional framework and the weak rule of law, which limit the capacity of organized producers to enforce rules internal to their organization and also those regulating their relationships with other actors of the value chains.
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- 2017
16. Entre régulation environnementale privée et institutions publiques : les effets mitigés de la certification forestière communautaire en Amazonie
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Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Evandro Araujo de Aquino, Marie-Gabrielle Piketty, and Isabel Garcia Drigo
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Economics and Econometrics ,D50 - Législation ,certification des forêts ,Évaluation de l'impact ,Normalisation ,Development ,Communauté rurale ,Petite exploitation agricole ,Institutional approach ,Political science ,K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales ,Forêt ,E50 - Sociologie rurale ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Humanities - Abstract
Nous analysons les effets de la certification Forest Stewardship Council sur les communautes forestieres au Bresil, en tenant compte des dynamiques sociales et institutionnelles preexistantes. Nos enquetes montrent que l’adoption de la certification forestiere par les petits exploitants peut apparaitre plutot rentable a court terme. Cependant, une mauvaise articulation entre cette regulation privee et les institutions publiques existantes rend ce dispositif difficilement soutenable a long terme.
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- 2017
17. The role of input vouchers in modernizing the fresh fruit and vegetable market in Turkey
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Sylvaine Lemeilleur
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Transaction cost ,Economics and Econometrics ,Moral hazard ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Supply chain ,E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution ,Developing country ,Agricultural economics ,Voucher ,F01 - Culture des plantes ,Agriculture ,Cash ,Economics ,Tobit model ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,media_common - Abstract
Contractual arrangements between farmers and traders aiming at providing input/credit in return for output selling have been widely studied in the literature on agricultural economics. Nonetheless, there is one issue, which is barely mentioned in the literature: how to enforce the contract terms when traders offer credit in cash rather than input advances? This article aims to describe an innovation in farming contracts, used by fresh fruit and vegetable wholesalers in Turkey, which involves a kind of private voucher system. Drawing on original data collected from wholesalers-a segment in the supply chain hardly covered in the literature-we investigate the factors determining contract adoption using a two-limit Tobit model. Our results suggest that this private voucher system contributes to supply chain coordination and facilitates smallholder farmer participation in export and supermarket channels, which are growing rapidly in this developing country. (Resume d'auteur)
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- 2013
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18. Chapitre 5. L’action collective dans les filières
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Pierre-Marie Bosc, Sylvain Rafflegeau, Hélène David-Benz, Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Paule Moustier, and Marisa Peyre
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- 2016
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19. Tackling the climate change challenge: what roles for certification and ecolabels?
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Sylvaine Lemeilleur and Gaëlle Balineau
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certification ,P40 - Météorologie et climatologie ,Best practice ,E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution ,Climate change ,adaptation aux changements climatiques ,Certification ,Norme ,Bois ,E14 - Économie et politique du développement ,F01 - Culture des plantes ,Political science ,Production (economics) ,Theobroma cacao ,produit agricole ,Adaptation ,Durabilité ,atténuation des effets du changement climatique ,Sustainable development ,Changement climatique ,Public economics ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Marché ,Label de qualité ,K10 - Production forestière ,Climate change mitigation ,Incentive ,Développement durable ,Sustainability ,business - Abstract
Certification and ecolabelling are forms of private governance meant to reflect sustainable development issues. These instruments encourage ‘good’ environmental and social practices, many of which are akin to climate change mitigation and adaptation approaches. To make it clear how effective they can be in that role, we present them here, recalling that they are at once standards for best practices, by definition supposed to inform and guide stakeholders’ choices, and market incentives (bonuses, minimum prices, etc.) to change production practices. Despite their advantages, voluntary sustainability standards are proving to be ambiguous tools for meeting the challenges of climate change.
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- 2016
20. A critical panorama of methods used to assess food sustainability
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Camille Rojot, Catherine Donnars, Catherine Macombe, Lucie Gauthier-Deltour, Emmanuelle Henry Eric Labouze, Jean-Pierre Rennaud, Bruno Dorin, Thuriane Mahé, Sophie Le Perchec, Frédérick Garcia, Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Marketa Supkova, Joël Aubin, and Gérard Gaillard
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Geography ,Management science ,business.industry ,Agriculture ,Environmental resource management ,Sustainability ,Virtual water ,Food systems ,Corporate social responsibility ,Sustainability organizations ,Natural resource management ,business ,Social responsibility - Abstract
The duALine project chose to examine the methods used to assess food sustainability in a chapter of its own, separa te from the sectorial approaches presented previously, so that this examination could be as open as possible. This chapter focuses in particular on the specifie issues posed by food vis-a-vis the methods currently used to measure sustainability. Under this approach, this chapter looks firstly at the complexity of food systems, then how the associated challenges of sustainability could be structured and fin ally presents sorne methods and indicators and the research questions they raise. (Resume d'auteur)
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- 2013
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21. Smallholder compliance with private standard certification: the case of GlobalGAP adoption by mango producers in Peru
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Sylvaine Lemeilleur
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Mangue ,D50 - Législation ,certification ,GlobalGAP, adoption, small-scale farmer, mangos, Peru, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management, Labor and Human Capital, Land Economics/Use, Productivity Analysis, D2, L2, 012, Q1 ,E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution ,Adoption de l'innovation ,Petite exploitation agricole ,E14 - Économie et politique du développement ,GlobalGAP, standard adoption, development, small-scale farmer, mango, Peru, Agribusiness, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Development, Marketing, L22, O12, Q13 ,Exportation ,E21 - Agro-industrie ,Réglementation ,Mangifera indica ,E71 - Commerce international ,E20 - Organisation, administration et gestion des entreprises ou exploitations agricoles ,Commercialisation ,E73 - Économie de la consommation - Abstract
The prevalence of food quality standards in international trade is constantly increasing and has a growing influence on developing countries. A wide range of literature in development economics has focused on the debate of whether international standards exclude small-scale farmers from high-value food markets. In fact, the evidence is mixed. New debates arise on what conditions small farmers can really comply with, pointing out both threshold capital requirements, on the one hand, and industry structure and institutional environment, on the other hand. Drawing on a microeconomic approach, our paper is a contribution to the literature exploring the patterns and determinants of smallholders’ adoption of the food standard. We focus our case study on GlobalGAP adoption by small-scale fresh mango producers in Peru. Based on an analysis of primary data collected on the Peruvian mango sector, we show empirically that a few smallholders are engaged in GlobalGAP certification for a maximum of 3 years. They comply with the standard thanks to the support of exporting companies. Exporters offer the farmers contract farming, which includes technical advice and the annual certification cost. Nonetheless, farmers who are integrating into this high value-added supply chain seem to be selected on the basis of their proximity to the exporter plant (reducing transaction costs) and their ability to become reliable suppliers over the long term (experienced, specialized, and used to respecting contracts). These farms also must demonstrate their ability to deliver with short lead times (presence of mobile phone, distance to the plant). Finally, the paper underlines the key role of exporters in Peru as intermediaries and organizers in the way smallholders may participate in private standards in agrifood value chains.
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- 2012
22. Marketing cooperative vs. commission agent: the Turkish dilemma on the modern fresh fruit and vegetable market
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Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Jean Marie Codron, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
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Sociology and Political Science ,Turkish ,050204 development studies ,fruits ,Commission ,E40 - Coopératives ,Étude de marché ,FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLES ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Analyse des coûts ,COMMISSION AGENT ,Economics ,050207 economics ,Marketing ,media_common ,2. Zero hunger ,Transaction cost ,Petite agriculture ,Coût de distribution ,05 social sciences ,COOPERATIVE ,Incentive ,Association d'agriculteurs ,language ,Circuit de commercialisation ,Economics and Econometrics ,Matching (statistics) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Development ,PUBLIC REGULATION ,Coopérative de producteurs ,0502 economics and business ,Production (economics) ,Quality (business) ,ORGANIZATIONAL COSTS ,accès au marché ,Coopérative d'achat ,légume ,language.human_language ,Dilemma ,Food Science - Abstract
International audience; In Turkey, the Wholesale Markets Law was enacted in 1995 to facilitate small-scale growers’ access to the fresh produce market. Cooperatives and commission agents have thus become the main marketing structures available to small-scale fresh produce growers, to supply supermarkets and comply with their new requirements. In this paper, we question the advantages and disadvantages that confront small farmers with respect to those marketing structures to allow for market matching or quality upgrading. Drawing on ownership and transaction cost arguments, we use an analytical framework to identify and compare the costs of these marketing organizations. Based on data collected through a large number of interviews with stakeholders, we show that commission agents and credit cooperatives tend to be more efficient than traditional cooperatives as regards sales performance and decision costs. However, the lack of apparent competition between commission agents does not allow for sufficient provision of incentives for producers to invest in high-quality production. Consequently, credit cooperatives are the only structure progressively turning to strategies of quality upgrading and supermarket supply. The flipside of such strategies is that they may lead to the marginalization of small-scale farmers.
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- 2011
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23. Petits producteurs, supermarchés et le rôle des intermédiaires sur le marché des fruits et légumes frais en Turquie
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Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Céline Bignebat, A. Ali Koc, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Akdeniz University, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
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AFRICA ,Economics and Econometrics ,Restructuring ,050204 development studies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution ,HORTICULTURE ,fruits ,SECTOR ,FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLES ,Domestic market ,Intermediary ,SUPERMARKETS ,0502 economics and business ,Quality (business) ,Downstream (petroleum industry) ,media_common ,Upstream (petroleum industry) ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Marketing channel ,GOVERNANCE ,[SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics ,légume ,SMALL FARMERS ,TRADE ,Commerce ,Incentive ,PROCUREMENT ,050202 agricultural economics & policy ,Business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,STANDARDS - Abstract
Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; A wide range of empirical studies show the extent to which the rise of supermarkets in developing countries transforms domestic marketing channels. In many countries, the exclusion of small producers from so-called dynamic marketing channels (that is, remunerative ones) has become a concern. Based on data collected in Turkey in 2007 at the producer and the wholesale market levels, we show that intermediaries are important to understanding the impact of downstream restructuring (supermarkets) on upstream decisions (producers). Results show first that producers are not aware of the final buyer of their produce, because intermediaries hinder the visibility of the marketing channel, thereby restricting a producer’s choice to that of the first intermediary. Econometric results show that producers who are indirectly linked to the supermarkets are more sensitive to their requirements in terms of quality and packaging than to the price premia compensating the effort made to meet standards. Therefore, the results lead us to question the role of the wholesale market agents who act as a buffer in the chain and protect small producers from negative shocks, but who stop positive shocks as well, and thereby reduce incentives.
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- 2009
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24. The productivist rationality behind a sustainable certification process: evidence from the Rainforest Alliance in the Ivorian cocoa sector
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Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Youssoupha N', N.A. Dao, and François Ruf
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D50 - Législation ,certification ,Credence ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Politique de développement ,Rationality ,Context (language use) ,gestion des ressources naturelles ,Certification ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Développement agricole ,Productivité ,Information asymmetry ,E14 - Économie et politique du développement ,Economics ,Theobroma cacao ,Forêt tropicale humide ,Productivity ,Durabilité ,E10 - Économie et politique agricoles ,certification des plantes ,Public economics ,Marché ,Participation communautaire ,Alliance ,Economy ,Sustainability ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières - Abstract
The pattern of sustainable standard diffusion has received much attention from social science researchers. We contribute to existing literature with a case study on the Rainforest Alliance (RA) initiative in the Ivorian cocoa sector. We scrutinise the RA standard, by drawing on seminal contributions on the pervasive effects of information asymmetry in markets (Akerlof, 1970) and on the inherent uncertainty of credence properties (Darby and Karni, 1973). We examine the uncertainty surrounding standard compliance, in particular, the capacity to enforce the standard. We argue that the translation of principles into auditable technical specifications is very rough. Furthermore, our empirical results from producer surveys show that criteria addressing the productivity issue receive more attention than environmental issues. In a context where chocolate companies are extremely interested in ensuring sustainable supplies, we argue that certification, proclaimed to be 'in the name of sustainability', is mainly perceived as a productivity-enhancing tool.
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- 2015
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25. Identification of banana production systems in urban and peri-urban agriculture in Yaoundé
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Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Ludovic Temple, and Kwa, Moïse
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Agriculture périurbaine ,Autosuffisance ,Système de production ,Musa (bananes) ,Classification ,Structure d'exploitation agricole ,Agriculture urbaine ,E16 - Économie de la production ,Musa (plantains) ,Système de culture ,Commercialisation - Abstract
Urban development is one of the main features of socioeconomic change familiar to developing countries: it presents the problem of increasing the food supply to respond to the food requirements of the urban consumers (Dury et al. 1999). Although peri-urban agriculture provides favourable conditions for the intensification of production systems, there is little work on the subject which applies particularly to banana. We propose to do this for the peri-urban agriculture of Yaoundé (1.4 million inhabitants), the capital of Cameroon, situated in the Central province.
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- 2003
26. Identification des systèmes de production du bananier dans l'agriculture urbaine et périurbaine de Yaoundé
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Sylvaine Lemeilleur, Ludovic Temple, and Kwa, Moïse
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Agriculture périurbaine ,Autosuffisance ,Système de production ,Musa (bananes) ,Classification ,Structure d'exploitation agricole ,Agriculture urbaine ,E16 - Économie de la production ,Musa (plantains) ,Système de culture ,Commercialisation - Abstract
L'urbanisation est l'un des principaux facteurs du changement socioéconomique que connaissent les pays en voie de développement, elle pose la question de l'augmentation de l'offre vivrière pour répondre aux besoins alimentaires des consommateurs urbains (Dury et al. 1999). Si l'agriculture périurbaine offre des conditions favorables à l'intensification des systèmes de production, peu de travaux permettent de caractériser leur spécificité sur le bananier. Nous proposons de le faire dans l'agriculture périurbaine de Yaoundé (1,4 millions d'habitants), capitale du Cameroun, située dans la province du Centre.
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