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There is wide agreement on the need for systems thinking to address complexity in chronic disease prevention but there is insufficient understanding of how such approaches are operationalised in prevention research. Ison and Straw propose that to address complexity, the right balance must be struck between ‘systemic’ and ‘systematic’ paradigms. We examined the nature and characteristics of this relationship in a series of six qualitative case studies of prevention research. Data comprised 29 semi-structured interviews with 16 participants, and online documents. The analysis combined inductive methods from grounded theory with a theoretically informed framework analysis. Systemic and systematic ways of working varied across each case as a whole, and within the dimensions of each case. Further, the interplay of systemic and systematic approaches was described along a dynamic continuum of variable proportions, with greater emphasis on systemic aspects balanced by less focus on the systematic, and vice versa. By expanding the boundaries for exploring prevention research, we gained empirical understanding of the potential and scope of systemic and systematic paradigms for addressing complexity in prevention research. There is inherent value in being more explicitly conscious and bilingual in both systemic and systematic paradigms so that their respective value and strengths may be utilised. Our findings propose a coherent theoretical frame to better understand existing approaches for addressing complexity in prevention research.

O presente trabalho tem por intuito discorrer acerca das práticas pedagógicas em relação à educação sistemática por competência, ao longo deste artigo foi discutido acerca do significado da educação sistemática, também foi discutido sobre o ensino por competência e habilidade, e sobre a avaliação por competência. O objetivo geral da pesquisa se concentrou em mostrar aos leitores a diferença da educação sistemática da educação assistemática, abrangendo ainda sobre a importância da preparação qualificada do profissional que vai lecionar a disciplina em sala de aula. A metodologia empregada na pesquisa consistiu em uma análise bibliográfica. A pesquisa teve como finalização da ideia, que é necessário qualificações a mais do que um diploma para lecionar, e sim o professor ter estratégias no ensino.

Zerconid mites collected from East and West Azerbaijan provinces of Iran were evaluated from 2013-2017. Eleven Zercon and one Prozercon species were found based on the collected materials. Among them, Zercon ahadiyatisp. nov., Z. azerbaijanensissp. nov. and Z. tabrizensissp. nov. were distinguished as new species and described. Besides them, three species, including Z. agnostus, Z. andrei and Z. apladellus were recorded for the first time from the country. Also, an updated key and distribution map to the Iranian Zercon mites, including the new species, were given. © Systematic & Applied Acarology Society.

Nowadays, STEM education plays an essential role in the economic growth and competitiveness of nations. This systematic review was aimed to reveal research trends in STEM education over the last 10 years. A total of 336 studies published in the Journal of Science Education and Technology, Research in Science Education, Journal of Science Teacher Education, International Journal of Science Education, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, and Science Education were selected for analysis. The time span was limited to the period between 2011 to late 2020. All sample papers were then examined to capture the latest research trends and status regarding STEM education that included the number of papers by year, research types, countries’ rank, and the number of authors. To collect data, the formula proposed by Howard et al. [1] was employed to determine the most productive countries in terms of STEM education scholarships. Findings revealed that STEM education has garnered greater attention and it grew rapidly within this period. The most frequent research type used in STEM education were quantitative studies. In addition, the US, Australia, and the Netherlands were the most productive countries in STEM education research. During these ten years, most papers published in selected journals were written by three authors. This indicates that STEM education is an attractive topic to explore collaboratively by researchers and educators around the world.

Sorghum production is seriously threatened by the root parasitic weeds (RPWs) Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica in sub-Saharan Africa. Research has shown that Striga control depends on eliminating its seed reserves in soil. Several species of the genus Fusarium (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales) , which have been isolated from diseased Striga plants have proven to be highly pathogenic to all developmental stages of these RPWs. In the present study 439 isolates of Fusarium spp. were found associated with soils from Sorghum growing fields, Sorghum rhizosphere, or as endophytes with Sorghum roots and seeds, or as endophytes of Striga stems and seeds. Based on multi-locus phylogenies of combinations of CaM, tef1, rpb1 and rpb2 alignments, and morphological characteristics, 42 species were identified, including three species that are newly described, namely F. extenuatum and F. tangerinum from Sorghum soils, and F. pentaseptatum from seed of Striga hermonthica. Using a previously published AFLP-derived marker that is specific to detect isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. strigae, an effective soil-borne biocontrol agent against Striga, we also detected the gene in several other Fusarium species. As these isolates were all associated with the Striga/Sorghum pathosystem, the possibility of horizontal gene transfer among these fusaria will be of interest to further investigate in future.

The existence of two cases based on two different legal norms at the same time can result in a 'pre-judicial dispute', hence the judge must answer the questions (1) whether there is a point of contact which causes the decision of a case depending on the decision of another case; and (2) if such interdependence exists, which case should be adjourned first while waiting for another court's decision. The guidelines for the rules regarding pre-judicial disputes themselves provide a lot of flexibility for judges, but on the other hand it creates problems. This study discusses: (1) the urgency of systematic pre-judicial dispute handling; and (2) formulation of a systematic dispute resolution mechanism. This research uses normative juridical legal research methods. This study concludes that first, the importance of systematic pre-judicial dispute handling, in order to support the validity of evidence, and avoid contradictory decisions, so that law enforcement is achieved through judge decisions that reflect justice, legal certainty, and expediency; second, the formulation of systematic pre-judicial dispute handling is carried out through legal discovery, namely the constituting, qualification, and constituent processes. This formulation cannot only be left to the judge, but also takes into account whether or not the parties have the initiative to file related cases in other courts. This study recommends that a systematic pre-judicial dispute handling mechanism be included in the legislation in order to bind judges.Key Words: Pre-judicial disputes; law enforcement; systematicAbstrakAdanya Adanya dua perkara atas dasar dua norma hukum yang berbeda dalam waktu yang bersamaan dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya ‘perselisihan pra-yudisial’, sehingga hakim harus menjawab pertanyaan (1) apakah terdapat titik singgung sehingga membuat putusan suatu perkara bergantung pada putusan perkara lainnya; dan (2) jika memang terdapat saling ketergantungan demikian, lalu perkara mana yang harus ditunda terlebih dahulu sambil menunggu putusan pengadilan lain. Pedoman aturan mengenai perselisihan pra-yudisial sendiri memberikan banyak keleluasaan bagi hakim, namun di sisi lain menimbulkan permasalahan. Penelitian ini membahas: (1) urgensi penanganan perselisihan pra-yudisial yang sistematis; dan (2) formulasi mekanisme penanganan perselisihan yang sistematis. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan: pertama, pentingnya penanganan perselisihan pra-yudisial yang sistematis, agar mendukung validitas pembuktian, dan menghindari putusan yang kontradiktif, sehingga tercapai penegakan hukum melalui putusan hakim yang mencerminkan keadilan, kepastian hukum, dan kemanfaatan; kedua, formulasi penanganan perselisihan pra-yudisial yang sistematis dilakukan melalui penemuan hukum yaitu proses konstatering, kualifikasi, dan konstituir. Formulasi ini tidak bisa hanya diserahkan pada hakim, tetapi juga memperhatikan ada tidaknya inisiatif para pihak mengajukan perkara yang berkaitan di pengadilan lainnya. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan mekanisme penanganan perselisihan pra-yudisial yang sistematis dicantumkan dalam perundang-undangan agar mengikat hakim.Kata-kata Kunci: Perselisihan pra-yudisial; penegakan hukum; sistematis

Background There has been much speculation about untoward effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on psychological symptoms. OCD may be expected to be especially impacted. Our aim was to distil the current evidence base on relationships between the pandemic and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, in patients, and general population samples. Methods We conducted a rapid scoping review, in the form of a systematic literature search, coupled with narrative review. 32 relevant papers were identified. Results and interpretation (1) A sizable proportion of people with OCD (but not all) experienced/reported symptom worsening during the pandemic, especially during initial restrictions (approximately 20–65 % of cases in longitudinal studies); (2) contamination/washing symptoms appeared particularly susceptible; and (3) OCD symptoms in general population samples were associated with trait compulsivity and pandemic-related-stress. The literature was heterogeneous with various methodological issues being commonplace. Future directions The review identified important unaddressed issues: how should exposure based therapy be adapted during pandemics? How can we minimise harm from exacerbation of OCD in vulnerable individuals arising from public health messaging? Why do some but not all OCD patients experience worsening? And does Covid-19 infection affect (or lead to) OCD symptoms?

User stories are a widely used artifact in Agile software development. Currently, only a limited number of secondary studies have reviewed the research on the user story technique. These research reviews focused on specific research topics related to ambiguity of requirements, effort estimation, and the application of Natural Language Processing. To our knowledge, a systematic mapping of all user story research has not been performed. To this end, we study the academic literature to investigate what user stories research has been performed, what types of problems have been identified, what sort of solutions or other types of research outcomes have been achieved, how mature the research is, and what research gaps exist. We followed Systematic Mapping Study guidelines to synthesize the currently available academic research on user stories. In total, we found 186 unique peer-reviewed studies, published in the period 2001-2021. We observed that research on the user story technique and its use had grown exponentially over the last seven years. Further, using a five-dimensional classification framework- requirements engineering activity, problem class, outcome class, type of research, type of publication- we observed several patterns in the classification of these studies across the different framework dimensions, which provided insights into the state-of-the-art and maturity of the research. We also identified four research gaps: the paucity of focused literature reviews; a lack of research on the role that user stories play in human cognition and interaction; a lack of comprehensive and mature solutions for resolving ambiguity issues with user stories early in the project; and a lack of validation and evaluation of proposed solutions. Several research opportunities are suggested, making our paper a useful reference for future research on user stories allowing researchers to clearly position their contributions.

Based on a phylogenetic analysis using implied weighting for 59 taxa and 155 morphological characters, we provided a taxonomic revision for Acuera. The genus was recovered as polyphyletic; herein we described three new genera and 16 new species, and proposed 23 new combinations, a new status and four new synonyms for Gyponini. Coarctana gen. nov. is described to include 15 species: C. rana (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov. (type species) transferred from Acuera; five species transferred from Curtara, C. apena (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., C. pedica (DeLong) comb. nov., C. punctata (Spångberg) comb. nov., C. secara (DeLong & Triplehorn) comb. nov., and C. serpenta (DeLong) comb. nov.; and nine new species, C. asymmetrica sp. nov., C. glabra sp. nov., C. nigromedia sp. nov., C. occultata sp. nov., C. oricula sp. nov., C. parvula sp. nov., C. striata sp. nov., C. taurina sp. nov., and C. vilavelha sp. nov. Effossana gen. nov. includes eight species: two species transferred from Acuera, E. gloma (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov. (type species) and E. fructa (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov.; two species transferred from Curtara, E. gatuna (DeLong & Wolda) comb. nov. and E. scapa (DeLong) comb. nov.; and four new species, E. assimulata sp. nov., E. circumnota sp. nov., E. intrinseca sp. nov., and E. tenuemarginata sp. nov. A new monotypic genus, Propincurtara gen. nov., is described to include P. longilinea sp. nov. The subgenus Parcana is raised to genus rank, comprising nine species: P. atitlana (Fowler) comb. nov., P. concilia (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., P. extara (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., P. mimica (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., P. spreta (Fowler) comb. nov., and P. ultima (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov. (type species); also three species transferred from Curtara, P. albororata (Fowler) comb. nov., P. animosa (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., and P. ventusa (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov. Curtara lineatana DeLong & Freytag is a junior synonym of P. concilia (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., Acuera inlustra DeLong & Freytag is a junior synonym of Hamana manifesta DeLong, and A. culmena DeLong & Freytag and A. prodiga DeLong & Freytag are synonyms of A. menaca DeLong & Freytag. Four species of Acuera are transferred to Curtara: C. facera (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., C. labella (Osborn) comb. nov., C. nama (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., and C. patula (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov. Two new species, A. extenuata sp. nov. and A. umbra sp. nov. are described and placed in the subgenus Acuera. We provide descriptions and illustrations of the new taxa, redescription of the type species of the genera Acuera, Coarctana gen. nov., Effossana gen. nov., and Parcana stat. nov., 40 new country and Brazilian states records, and key to males of each genus.

With the increasingly popular blockchain technology and its areas of application, illicit activities have repeatedly shown to be a problem in recent years. The lack of regula- tion, combined with the fact that pseudo-anonymity is intrinsically provided by most blockchains and their applications, makes them popular platforms to launder money coming from illegal activities like scams, exploits and hacks. The relative novelty of decentralized transaction systems and their far-reaching possibilities additionally add to this phenomenon. Decentralised protocols in the form of Smart Contracts (SCs) - computer programs that run on the blockchain - are one of the many innovative building blocks of new financial systems. This new paradigm of decentralisation, better known as Decentralized Finance (DeFi), has become one of the fastest-growing segments in the crypto industry in recent years. A variety of DeFi platforms that enable investing, lending and managing assets have emerged on different blockchains. Ethereum is one of these blockchains. It provides a robust infrastructure for SCs, has a big user base and is home to a variety of protocols. The fact that DeFi protocols also enable financial transactions without identification requirements makes them attractive for the transfer of illicit funds originating from fraudulent activities. The aim of this work is to provide a better insight into how fraudulent transaction activities on the Ethereum blockchain are related to DeFi protocols, through quantitative methods. In a web search, we collect a dataset of Ethereum addresses related to fraudulent activities. The found addresses and a dataset of DeFi protocols are used to enrich transaction data of the Ethereum network. We examine the resulting network in a graph database and highlight transaction flows and their relation to DeFi protocols. In a transaction analysis we compare different fraudulent activities and their connection to DeFi protocols.w Our analysis shows that Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs) are common receivers of fraudulent funds. Uniswap (an open-source protocol for providing liquidity and trading Ethereum Request for Comments (ERC-20) tokens is particularly affected. In a more detailed analysis, we therefore also show how tokens are exchanged within the Uniswap protocol, and which ERC-20 tokens are preferentially used by fraudulent addresses. By examining message traces, we gain insight into how fraudulent addresses take advantage of decentralised protocols and how transactions within the protocol take place.

Four new species of Diploderma are described from Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, southwestern China, based on an integrative taxonomic approach, combining morphological and genetic data. The first new species from Danba County, Sichuan Province, is morphologically most similar and phylogenetically closely related to D. flaviceps, but it can be diagnosed from the latter by having a relatively much shorter tail and by a genetic distance of 4.4% in the ND2 gene; the second new species from Muli County, Sichuan Province, is phylogenetically closely related to D. daochengense, D. yongshengense, and D. yulongense, but it can be diagnosed from the latter three species by having a pale yellow gular spot and by genetic distances of 5.6–6.7% in the ND2 gene; the third new species from Jiulong County, Sichuan Province, is morphologically most similar and phylogenetically closely related to D. angustelinea, but it can be diagnosed from the latter by having a relatively much longer tail and by a genetic distance of 2.8% in the ND2 gene; and the last new species from Weixi County, Yunnan Province, is phylogenetically closely related to D. aorun, but it can be diagnosed from the latter by having a pale yellow gular spot and by a genetic distance of 2.9% in the ND2 gene. Our work brings the number of species within the genus Diploderma to 46.

Based on a phylogenetic analysis using implied weighting for 59 taxa and 155 morphological characters, we provided a taxonomic revision for Acuera. The genus was recovered as polyphyletic; herein we described three new genera and 16 new species, and proposed 23 new combinations, a new status and four new synonyms for Gyponini. Coarctanagen. nov. is described to include 15 species: C. rana (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov. (type species) transferred from Acuera; five species transferred from Curtara, C. apena (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., C. pedica (DeLong) comb. nov., C. punctata (Spångberg) comb. nov., C. secara (DeLong & Triplehorn) comb. nov., and C. serpenta (DeLong) comb. nov.; and nine new species, C. asymmetricasp. nov., C. glabrasp. nov., C. nigromediasp. nov., C. occultatasp. nov., C. oriculasp. nov., C. parvulasp. nov., C. striatasp. nov., C. taurinasp. nov., and C. vilavelhasp. nov.Effossanagen. nov. includes eight species: two species transferred from Acuera, E. gloma (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov. (type species) and E. fructa (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov.; two species transferred from Curtara, E. gatuna (DeLong & Wolda) comb. nov. and E. scapa (DeLong) comb. nov.; and four new species, E. assimulatasp. nov., E. circumnotasp. nov., E. intrinsecasp. nov., and E. tenuemarginatasp. nov. A new monotypic genus, Propincurtaragen. nov., is described to include P. longilineasp. nov. The subgenus Parcana is raised to genus rank, comprising nine species: P. atitlana (Fowler) comb. nov., P. concilia (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., P. extara (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., P. mimica (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., P. spreta (Fowler) comb. nov., and P. ultima (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov. (type species); also three species transferred from Curtara, P. albororata (Fowler) comb. nov., P. animosa (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., and P. ventusa (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov.Curtara lineatana DeLong & Freytag is a junior synonym of P. concilia (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., Acuera inlustra DeLong & Freytag is a junior synonym of Hamana manifesta DeLong, and A. culmena DeLong & Freytag and A. prodiga DeLong & Freytag are synonyms of A. menaca DeLong & Freytag. Four species of Acuera are transferred to Curtara: C. facera (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., C. labella (Osborn) comb. nov., C. nama (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov., and C. patula (DeLong & Freytag) comb. nov. Two new species, A. extenuatasp. nov. and A. umbrasp. nov. are described and placed in the subgenus Acuera. We provide descriptions and illustrations of the new taxa, redescription of the type species of the genera Acuera, Coarctanagen. nov., Effossanagen. nov., and Parcanastat. nov., 40 new country and Brazilian states records, and key to males of each genus.

In plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT), illuminated gold nanoparticles are locally heated to produce selective damage in cells. While PPTT is expected to strongly depend on the cell line, available data are sparse and critical parameters remain unclear. To elucidate this pivotal aspect, we present a systematic study of diseased and nondiseased cells from different tissues to evaluate cytotoxicity, uptake of gold nanorods (AuNRs), and viability after PPTT. We identified differences in uptake and toxicity between cell types, linking AuNR concentrations to toxicity. Furthermore, the cell death mechanism is shown to depend on the intensity of the irradiated light and hence the temperature increase. Importantly, the data also underline the need to monitor cell death at different time points. Our work contributes to the definition of systematic protocols with appropriate controls to fully comprehend the effects of PPTT and build meaningful and reproducible data sets, key to translate PPTT to clinical settings., ACS Nanoscience Au, 2 (6), ISSN:2694-2496

This article is devoted to the inventory of ground beetles of the tribe Trechini on the southern Kuril Islands. Until the beginning of the XXI century, only one species of tribe was noted from the islands. As a result of our survey in 2008–2018 on the islands of Kunashir, Shikotan, Yuri, and Polonskogo, 764 specimens of ground beetles of the tribe Trechini were collected and studied, belonging to four species from two genera: Blemus discus (Kunashir Island), Trechus nakaguroi (Kunashir Island), T. dorsistriatus (Kunashir, Shikotan, Polonskogo and Yuri islands) and T. nigricornis (Kunashir and Yuri islands). To clarify their taxonomic status, type specimens of T. alexandrovi, T. dorsistriatus, T. nigricornis, Epaphius arsenjevi, and E. plutenkoi, as well as 475 specimens of these species from other parts of their ranges, were studied as comparative materials. Based on the study of this material, the following taxonomic changes were proposed: T. dorsistriatus laferi ssp. nov.; Blemus discus alexandrovi, stat. rest.; T. nigricornis, stat. resurr.; T. nakaguroi sachalinensis, stat. nov.; T. nigricornis arsenjevi, stat. nov.; Epaphius arsenjevi = Epaphius plutenkoi, syn. nov. The holotype of T. nigricornis was designated. Blemus discus alexandrovi has been recorded for the first time in the fauna of the Kuril Islands. The features of distribution and ecology of all species on the surveyed islands are discussed. Currently, B. discus is found only on the west coast of Kunashir Island, suggesting a recent colonisation of this island. Trechus nakaguroi inhabits only the mountainous dark coniferous forests of the northern Kunashir, which indicates a relict distribution of this species. Trechus dorsistriatus is the most abundant species of Trechini, inhabiting the most diverse biotopes on all the islands of the South Kurile. Trechus nigricornis is an inhabitant of moss mires in river floodplains. Unlike the specimens of this species from the mainland and Hokkaido, all specimens of T. nigricornis from the Southern Kuril Islands are wingless; we associate this with the impossibility of flying in the cold and foggy climate of the Kuril Islands. The proposed hypothesis on the formation of the Trechini fauna of the South Kurile is based on the geological youth of the Kuril Islands, which makes it necessary to take into account that by the time ground beetles colonised their ranges, most of the currently existing Trechini groups already existed, and their modern distribution was largely determined by climate and landscape changes in the Quaternary period. The compiled identification key includes the four species of the South Kuril fauna and Trechus ephippiatus, repeatedly erroneously indicated from Kunashir Island.

To this day, no consensus has been established on the definition and the conceptualization of the socioeconomic status (SES), since all the available studies on the relation between SES and health did not use the same conceptual framework and operationalization to assess SES. While literature reported that SES markers (such as income, social support networks, education, employment or occupation) influence the health of populations by shaping living conditions; empirical research does not tell us which SES markers affect more strongly the sleep components of the individuals, as well as which sleep disorders (SD) are affected and how. Even though several original studies have tried to assess how changes in socioeconomic status of parents may affect the psychosocial environment and mental health of an individual directly or through his community, no systematic reviews on the influence of SES on children’s sleep are available. This systematic review make an update on the different measures of SES and sleep disturbances used for pediatric population across the different regions of the world. Recommendations for a future standardization of SES measures is proposed, for a better understanding of its influence on sleep disturbances.

The market of Adaptive Building Skins has been growing at a slow but incremental speed, as these technologies ensure better indoor climatic comfort and more efficient energy management than traditional solutions. Nonetheless, if we acknowledge the building as a system of physical qualities oriented to overall environmental performance, the resource optimization has to be extended to considering a wider range of environmental impacts along the entire building life cycle. For this purpose, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method is recognized by stakeholders as the most world-renowned standardized tool for weighting environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to scrutinize the state of the art of LCA among stakeholders enrolled in the design and manufacturing of building and adaptive facades in the Italian market. Data have been collected throughout interviews and an online survey focusing on investigating the knowledge and experience level of participants. Results not only draw the attention to develop new market models by implementing sustainable building protocols concerning adaptive technologies, but also provided a positive assessment on the usability degree of a parametric design mapping based on a systemic and life-cycle-oriented approach to achieve environmental scopes and introduce competitive factors and boost innovation in the Italian building industry.

Mycorrhizae are fungi that live in association with the roots of plants, thus constituting an essential symbiosis in terrestrial ecosystems. Arbuscular endomycorrhizae, phylum Glomeromycota, are the most widely distributed in all ecosystems. They colonize the roots of the majority of terrestrial plants and provide several ecoservices. They are involved in plant growth, absorption of water and specific mineral elements (phosphorus, nitrogen, copper, zinc, and some vitamins), structural stability of soils, and participate in the resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The interaction between phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) positively influences soil fertility and plant productivity.This review provideS information on previous research carried out in Morocco on mycorrhizal fungi, particularly the endomycorrhizae. Moreover, this review analyzes the positive role that mycorrhizal fungi can play as growth biostimulators and bioprotectors of plant species.

An integrated treatment theory that assesses a person's readiness to form a new, better habit and offers tools, or change processes, to help them do so is the transtheoretical model of behavior modification. Self-efficacy, decisional balance, levels, processes, and phases of transformation are among the elements of the paradigm. The transtheoretical model is also known as the "stages of change," however this is a synecdoche as the stages of change only make up a small portion of the model, which also includes processes, degrees of change, and other components.

The continuous release of engineered nanomaterial (ENM) into the environment may bring about health concerns following human exposure. One important source of ENMs are silver nanoparticles (NPs) that are extensively used as anti-bacterial additives. The introduction of ENMs into the human body can occur via ingestion, skin uptake or the respiratory system. Therefore, evaluating how NPs translocate over bio-membranes is essential in assessing their primary toxicity. Unfortunately, data regarding membrane–NP interaction is still scarce, as is theoretical and in silico insight into what governs adhesion and translocation for the most relevant NPs and membranes. Coarse-grained (CG) molecular descriptions have the potential to alleviate this situation, but are hampered by the absence of a direct link to NP materials and membrane adhesion mechanisms. Here, we interrogate the relationship between the most common NP representation at the CG level and the adhesion characteristics of a model lung membrane. We find that this representation for silver NPs is non-transferable, meaning that a proper CG representation for one size is not suited for other sizes. We also identify two basic types of primary adhesion—(partial) NPs wrapping by the membrane and NP insertion into the membrane—that closely relate to the overall NP hydrophobicity and significantly differ in terms of lipid coatings. The proven non-transferability of the standard CG representation with size forms an inspiration for introducing a core-shell model even for bare NPs that are uniform in composition. Using existing all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) data as a reference, we show that this extension does allow us to reproduce size-dependent NP adhesion properties and lipid responses to NP binding at the CG level. The subsequent CGMD evaluation for 10 nm Ag NPs provides new insight into membrane binding for relevant NP sizes and into the role of water in trapping NPs into defected mixed monolayer–bilayer states. This development will be instrumental for simulating NP–membrane adhesion towards more experimentally relevant length and time scales for particular NP materials.

SLR Digital Teaching Competence in Higher Education

The study of the unified basis of the pedagogical worldview of Ivan Prokopenko and Grigory Skovoroda is relevant in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine and is due to the tragic events that the entire civilized world lives. The article is aimed at revealing the cordocentric basis of the pedagogical worldview of these educators and teachers. To achieve the goal, comparative historical and systemically structural methods were used to characterize the pedagogical worldview of each educator, to reveal the basic concept of publication. Methods specifically search – analysis, synthesis of generalization of historical facts – used to characterize cordocentrism through the prism of the pedagogical work of Grigory Skovorolda and pedagogical achievements of Ivan Prokopenko. The retrospective method was used to creatively interpret the results of the research. In the article, the results of the study are presented in accordance with synergistic, systemic, axiological approaches. The authors emphasized n6a because cordocentrism can be a synthesizing feature of the pedagogical worldview of these enlighteners. They formed pedagogical views on the basis of the idea of the naturalness of work, understanding of gratitude as the basis of worldview ethics and quality, unity of secular and religious ethics, life practice of cordial attitude to a person, mental attitude to the interlocutor, sincerity even in the most intimate senses and search for oneself, self-knowledge. The authors highlighted the significance of the phenomenon, Skovorodinovsky person, Skovorodinovsky intelligentst. In demand, in the opinion of the authors, are the practices of deep knowledge of themselves for the restoration and establishment of peace in Ukraine, the development of the best mentality traits for the continuous civilizational progress of Ukrainians, axiological understanding of the will, recognition of self-worth and psycho-emotional dependence on the native land, preservation of the memory of generations, diligence as signs of spiritual harmony and sensual residence of all things. These cordocentric imperatives combine the pedagogical worldviews of the great enlightener Grigory Skovoroda and the outstanding academician Ivan Prokopenko. These cordocentric imperatives combine the pedagogical worldviews of the great enlightener Grigory Skovoroda and the outstanding academician Ivan Prokopenko., Дослідження єдиного базису педагогічного світогляду Івана Прокопенка і Григорія Сковороди актуальне в умовах провадження в Україні воєнного стану і обумовлене трагічними подіями, які проживає увесь цивілізований світ. Метою статті визначено розкриття кордоцентричного базису педагогічного світогляду цим просвітників, педагогів. Для досягнення мети використано методи порівняльний історичний і системно структурний – для характеристики педагогічного світогляду кожного просвітника, розкриття основного поняття публікації. Методи конкретно пошукові – аналіз, синтез узагальнення історичних фактів – використано для характеристики кордоцентризму саме через призму педагогічного доробку Григорія Сковороди і педагогічних досягнень Івана Прокопенка. Ретроспективний метод використано для творчої інтерпретації результатів проведеної розвідки. Результати дослідження представлено відповідно до синергетичного, системного, аксіологічного підходів. Авторами наголошено увагу н6а тому, що кордоцентризм може бути синтезуючою ознакою педагогічного світогляду цих просвітників. Педагогічні погляди вони формували на основі ідеї сродності праці, розуміння вдячності як основи світоглядної етики і якості, єдності світської і релігійної етики, життєвої практики сердечного ставлення до людини, душевної налаштованості на співрозмовника, щирості навіть у найінтимніших почуваннях і пошуку себе, пізнання себе. Автори виділили значення феномену Сковородинівської людини, Сковородинівського інтелігента. Затребуваними, на погляд авторів, є практики глибокого знання себе для відновлення і утвердження миру в Україні, розвиток кращих рис ментальності для неперервного цивілізаційного поступу українців, аксіологічне розуміння волі, визнання самоцінності та психоемоційної залежності від рідної землі, збереження пам’яті поколінь, працьовитості як ознаки душевної гармонії і чуттєвого проживання усього сущого. Ці кордоцентричні імперативи поєднують педагогічні світогляди великого просвітника Григорія Сковороди і визначного академіка Івана Прокопенка. Перспективою подальшого дослідження визначено педагогічний аналіз листів Григорія Сковороди до свого учня і друга Миколи Ковалинського, систематизація спогадів учнів Івана Прокопенка.

This systematic quantitative literature review explores the use of story in early childhood religious education to inform the research question “What are the pedagogical benefits of using story in religious education in the early years of primary school?” Searches were conducted across multiple databases and individual journals for publications dated from 1970 to 2019. Literature on the key areas of (1) early childhood, (2) story and (3) religious education were analysed to understand their unique perspectives and ways they overlap and connect, with an emphasis on seeking literature which connected all three areas. The study revealed the areas of religious education, the use of story and the field of early childhood as three distinct areas of research with connection points, and gaps in the literature connecting the pedagogical use of story for religious education in early primary education. The literature identifies the use of story as effectively engaging and connecting children to religious education in a pedagogically appropriate way for the early childhood age group. Further to this, benefits were found not only in faith development and biblical literacy, but also in learning, literacy development, empathy, and engagement with differing worldviews. The Australian context was a focus of the literature review providing insight for religious education in Christian schools which may be applied to other contexts in public schools, or internationally.

The fossil history of turtle and whale barnacles (Coronuloidea: Chelonibiidae, Platylepadidae, Coronulidae and †Emersoniidae) is fragmentary and has only been investigated in part. Morphological inferences and molecular phylogenetic analyses on extant specimens suggest that the roots of whale barnacles (Coronulidae) are to be found among the chelonibiid turtle barnacles, but the hard-part modifications that enabled early coronuloids to attach to the cetacean skin are still largely to be perceived. Here, we reappraise a fossil chelonibiid specimen from the Miocene of insular Tanzania that was previously referred to the living species Chelonibia caretta. This largely forgotten specimen is here described as the holotype of the new species †Chelonibia zanzibarensis. While similar to C. caretta, †C. zanzibarensis exhibits obvious external longitudinal parietal canals occurring in-between external longitudinal parietal septa that abut outwards to form T-shaped flanges, a character so far regarded as proper of the seemingly more derived Coronulidae and Platylepadidae. Along with these features, the presence of a substrate imprint on the shell exterior indicates that †C. zanzibarensis grasped its host's integument in much the same way as coronulids and platylepadids, albeit without the development of macroscopic parietal buttresses and bolsters. Thin section analyses of the inner parietal architecture of some extant and extinct coronuloids conclusively demonstrate that vestiges of comparable external parietal microstructures are present in some living members of Chelonibiidae. This observation strengthens the unity of Coronuloidea while significantly contributing to our understanding of the evolution of the coronuloid shell structure in adapting to a diverse spectrum of hosts.

The anatomy and phylogenetic systematics of a well preserved hadrosauroid dentary collected in the 1990s from uppermost Maastrichtian strata (within chron C29r) of the Figuerola Formation, in the Àger syncline of the southern Pyrenees in northeastern Spain are revised. The specimen represents a new genus and species of basally branching hadrosauroid dinosaur, Fylax thyrakolasus gen. et sp. nov. This taxon is the third hadrosaurid outgroup species erected in Europe so far and the stratigraphically youngest non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid known to date. It is diagnosed on the basis of a unique combination of characters such as a dorsal region of the coronoid process that is at least as wide anteroposteriorly as 30% of dental battery length, a coronoid process inclined anteriorly less than 80º relative to the alveolar margin of the dentary, steeply inclined and flat occlusal surface of the dental battery, and dentary tooth crowns 2.8-3.3 times taller than wide without marginal denticles and with a pair of major long ridges on the enameled lingual surface. The parsimony analysis confirmed that F. thyrakolasus gen. et sp. nov. is a close outgroup to Hadrosauridae. However, we also found that it is sister to the hadrosauroid Tethyshadros insularis form the late Campanian-early Maastrichtian Adriatic-Dinaric Carbonate Platform (present-day Italy). Maximum likelihood reconstruction of ancestral areas on the time calibrated phylogeny revealed that the ancestry of the Fylax-Tethyshadros clade has Appalachian roots. This study supports an Asian origin for hadrosauroids and subsequent dispersal to Appalachia, where Hadrosauridae likely originated. In this scenario, the Late Cretaceous European Archipelago could have facilitated the dispersal of hadrosaurid outgroups from Asia to Appalachia.

This systematic literature review aims to address the effectiveness of socioemotional games on children and adolescents.

Objectives: The intranasal route represents a high promising route of administration aiming for brain delivery. Yet, it represents one of the most difficult and complicated routes. Accordingly, scientists are in a continuous search for novel drug delivery vehicles such as the lipid and polymeric nanoparticles that are apt to enhance the bioavailability of the administered drugs to reach the brain. In this study, a certain number of publications were selected from different databases and literature. Meta-analysis studies using two different algorithms (DerSimonian–Laird and inverse variance) followed aiming to explore the published studies and confirm by evidence the superiority of nanocarriers in enhancing the brain bioavailability of various drugs. Furthermore, the quantitative comparison of lipid versus polymeric nanosystems was performed. Methods: The area under the curve (AUC) as an important pharmacokinetic parameter extracted from in vivo animal studies was designated as the “effect” in the performed meta-analysis after normalization. Forest plots were generated. Key findings and Conclusions: The meta-analysis confirmed the augmentation of the AUC after the comparison with traditional preparations such as solutions and suspensions. Most importantly, lipid nanoparticles were proven to be significantly superior to the polymeric counterparts.

* Biomedical & health research being primary triggers for this review, other (research or nonresearch) project activities are perfectly concerned too if applicable. * There, some problems exist based on what we know: 1. Hard to reach out to both peers and the public for both in and outsiders => No collaboration fun, no sense of pride and accomplishment, depressed researchers. 2. Evidence of duplication of research Teams left unfunded. 5. Proprietary/costly/privileged resources unavailable => Underserved teams stuck with projects. * In other words, it is sometimes hard enough to even engage in a project (Problem #1). Further, even if engaging was effective, the research may turn out as duplicate (Problem #2), or if not duplicate, meaningless (Problem #3). The rest of the projects may get turned down for funding (Problem #4), but even when provided funding, still may suffer important shortages (Problem #5). Overall, the success of the project would be in peril. * Hence the rationale for this RESCUER: What practical solutions do exist? Importantly, the focus is on real working initiatives not theory.

In this scoping review, we aim to provide an overview of the current developmental status of digital, non-invasive, passive biomarkers for PD non-motor symptoms. In addition, we provide a critical appraisal of the reliability, validity and feasibility of implementing these biomarkers in clinical trial practice and define the future research agenda. Importantly, we do not restrict ourselves to disease phase or the field of Parkinson’s, as we recognize that important sources may lay outside PD.

The given publication is the continuation of the separate stages development of mites, belonging to the genera of Saproglyphydae family. Females are known only for 15 genera from the 27 genera of world fauna of Saproglyphydes; males - only for 8 genera; hypopii are unknown for 2 genera. Unlike the hypopii definition the name of genus is attended by its synonyms, the data about its volume, and also the references, characterizing the structure and the peculiarities of the biology of the individual species of given genus in the female definition., Публикация является продолжением определителя отдельных стадий развития клещей родов семейства Saproglyphidae. Из 27 родов мировой фауны сапроглифид только в15 родах известны самки и только в 8 родах — самцы; в 2 родах неизвестны гипопусы. В отличие от определителя по гипопусам, в определителе по самкам название рода сопровождается его синонимами, данными о его объеме, ссылками на литературу, характеризующую строение и особенности отдельных видов рода., Публікація є продовженням визначника окремих стадій розвитку кліщів родини Saproglyphidae. З 27 родів світової фауни сапрогліфід лише в 15 родах відомі самиці і тільки в восьми родах — самці; в двох родах невідомі гіпопуси. На відміну від визначника по гіпопусам, у визначнику по самицям вказівка на рід супроводжується його синонімами, даними про його об’єм, посиланнями на літературу, що характеризує морфологію та біологію окремих видів роду.

The monitoring of Earth’s and planetary surface elevations at larger and finer scales is rapidly progressing through the increasing availability and resolution of digital elevation models (DEMs). Surface elevation observations are being used across an expanding range of fields to study topographical attributes and their changes over time, notably in glaciology, hydrology, volcanology, seismology, forestry, and geomorphology. However, DEMs frequently contain large-scale instrument noise and varying vertical precision that lead to complex patterns of errors. Here, we present a validated statistical workflow to estimate, model, and propagate uncertainties in DEMs. We review the state-of-the-art of DEM accuracy and precision analyses, and define a conceptual framework to consistently address those. We show how to characterize DEM precision by quantifying the heteroscedasticity of elevation measurements, i.e., varying vertical precision with terrainor sensor-dependent variables, and the spatial correlation of errors that can occur across multiple spatial scales. With the increasing availability of high-precision observations, our workflow based on independent elevation data acquired on stable terrain can be applied almost anywhere on Earth. We illustrate how to propagate uncertainties for both pixel-scale and spatial elevation derivatives, using terrain slope and glacier volume changes as examples. We find that uncertainties in DEMs are largely underestimated in the literature, and advocate that new metrics of DEM precision are essential to ensure the reliability of future land elevation assessments., IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 15, ISSN:1939-1404, ISSN:2151-1535

Background and Objective:In recent years,there has been a growing trend towards the use of herbal medicine in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Blood lipid-lowering drugs have many side effects. On the other hand, various studies have reported the effect of dill (Anethum graveolens) on the reduction of blood lipids in different ways. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dill on reducing the blood lipid levels. Materials and Methods:In this systematic review, 12 papers that evaluated the effect of dill on blood lipid levels up to the end of 2018 were studied using valid key words such as Lipid Profile, Dill (Anethum graveolens), and Hyperlipidemia in Pubmed, Medlib, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Embase, Google Scholar, Magiran, IranMedex, and SID.The results of the studies were combined using the random effects method of meta-analysis. The heterogeneity of studies was investigated using Q statistics and I2Index. Results:In 12 studies, the weighted mean differences (WMDs) of cholesterol reduction (TC) before and after intervention were estimated to be WMD = -19.22 mg / dl (95% CI: -30.68, -7.77), triglyceride, WMD = -25.47 mg / dl (95% CI: -49.28, -1.66) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), WMD = -14.01 mg / dl (95% CI: -22.14, -5.89) which were statistically significant (p= 0.001). Meta-analysis after intervention in the case and placebo groups were (SMD=-2.71, 95% CI:-3.28,-1.06), for TC (SMD=-1.77, 95%CI:-2.71,-0.82) for TG and (SMD=-2.64, 95%CI:-3.88,-1.41)for LDL which indicated statistically significant reduction. Conclusion:Dill reduces cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein, but does not have a significant effect on high-density lipoprotein levels. Keywords:Lipid,Meta-analysis,Dill plant,Anethum graveolens,Review,Systematic,Hyperlipidemia

El propósito de este trabajo es modelar, diseñar e implementar un prototipo que permita analizar y obtener conclusiones acerca del tráfico aéreo internacional, partiendo de un conjunto inicial de datos, y teniendo en cuenta factores como los lugares de origen y destino, las distintas temporadas o épocas de un año,y la accidentalidad , tal como se ha hecho previamente para analizar los impactos del tiempo severo en los vuelos (Z. Nazeri and Jianping Zhang (2002)); esto con el fin de ser capaces tomar decisiones respecto a nuevos vuelos o planes de vuelo. El análisis del tráfico aéreo puede ser de gran utilidad para las aerolíneas, en tanto que se puede determinar qué vuelos son más frecuentados por los usuarios con fines comerciales, como lo menciona Zhao Hongli (2018) en "Using Revised Importance Performance Analysis to Improve Service Quality of Airlines". Este es el motivo por el cual se tomó la decisión de llevar a cabo este proyecto de investigación y desarrollo, con miras en obtener unos resultados satisfactorios.A lo largo de la historia, se han ido implementando estrategias que optimizan los viajes de un lugar a otro. Así mismo, se ha buscado mantener un control sobre todos los viajes que se realizan, tanto por seguridad, como por guardar un registro de todos estos traslados. En el último siglo se han dado avances tecnológicos significativos, que han permitido desarrollar nuevos medios de transporte, y controles adecuados a estos. Con la aparición del avión como medio de transporte masivo, se acortaron las distancias entre territorios distantes: era mucho más fácil trasladarse de un lugar a otro. Por este motivo, los países se vieron en la necesidad de construir aeropuertos cada vez más grandes que permitieran recibir elevadas cantidades de pasajeros. The purpose of this work is to model, design and implement a prototype that allows to analyze and obtain conclusions about international air traffic, starting from an initial set of data, and taking into account factors such as origin and destination places, different seasons or times of the year, and accident rate, as it has been previously done to analyze the impacts of severe weather on flights (Z. Nazeri and Jianping Zhang (2002)); this in order to be able to make decisions regarding new flights or flight plans. Air traffic analysis can be of great use to airlines, in that it is possible to determine which flights are most frequented by users for commercial purposes, as mentioned by Zhao Hongli (2018) in "Using Revised Importance Performance Analysis to Improve Service Quality of Airlines". This is the reason why the decision was made to carry out this research and development project, with a view to obtaining satisfactory results.Throughout history, strategies that optimize travel from one place to another have been implemented. Likewise, it has been sought to maintain control over all trips that are made, both for security, and to keep a record of all these transfers. In the last century there have been significant technological advances, which have allowed the development of new means of transportation and appropriate controls. With the advent of the airplane as a means of mass transportation, distances between distant territories were shortened: it was much easier to move from one place to another. As a result, countries found it necessary to build larger and larger airports to accommodate large numbers of passengers.

Aims/hypothesisGiven the potential shared aetiology between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, we aimed to identify any genetic regions associated with both diseases. For associations where there is a shared signal and the allele that increases risk to one disease also increases risk to the other, inference about shared aetiology could be made, with the potential to develop therapeutic strategies to treat or prevent both diseases simultaneously. Alternatively, if a genetic signal colocalises with divergent effect directions, it could provide valuable biological insight into how the association affects the two diseases differently.MethodsUsing publicly available type 2 diabetes summary statistics from a genomewide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of European ancestry individuals (74,124 cases and 824,006 controls) and type 1 diabetes GWAS summary statistics from a meta-analysis of studies on individuals from the UK and Sardinia (7,467 cases and 10,218 controls), we identified all regions of 0.5 Mb that contained variants associated with both diseases (false discovery ratecoloc. Any association with a colocalisation posterior probability of ≥0.9 was considered a genuine shared association with both diseases.ResultsOf the 81 association signals from 42 genetic regions that showed association with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, four association signals colocalised between both diseases (posterior probability ≥0.9): (i) chromosome 16q23.1, near Chymotripsinogen B1 (CTRB1) / Breast Cancer Anti-Estrogen Resistance Protein 1 (BCAR1), which has been previously identified; (ii) chromosome 11p15.5, near the Insulin (INS) gene; (iii) chromosome 4p16.3, near Transmembrane protein 129 (TMEM129), and (iv) chromosome 1p31.3, near Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1). In each of these regions, the effect of genetic variants on type 1 diabetes was in the opposite direction to the effect on type 2 diabetes. Use of additional datasets also supported the previously identified colocalisation on chromosome 9p24.2, near the GLIS Family Zinc Finger Protein 3 (GLIS3) gene, in this case with a concordant direction of effect.Conclusions/interpretationThat four of five association signals that colocalise between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are in opposite directions suggests a complex genetic relationship between the two diseases.Research in ContextWhat is already known about this subject?Other than insulin, there are currently no treatments for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Findings that genetic variants near the GLIS3 gene increase risk of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes have indicated shared genetic mechanisms at the level of the pancreatic β cell.What is the key question?By examining chromosome regions associated with both diseases, are there any more variants that affect risk of both diseases and could support common mechanisms and repositioning of therapeutics between the diseases?What are the new findings?At current sample sizes, there is evidence that five genetic variants in different chromosome regions impact risk of developing both diseases.However, four of these variants have the opposite direction of effect in type 1 diabetes compared to type 2 diabetes, with only one, near GLIS3, having a concordant direction of effect.How might this impact on clinical practise in the foreseeable future?Genetic findings have furthered research in type 1 and type 2 diabetes independently, and suggest therapeutic strategies. However, our current investigation into their shared genetics suggests that repositioning of current type 2 diabetes treatments into type 1 diabetes may not be straightforward.

A taxonomic review of Korean species of the genus Euplectus Leach is present. Two species are documented, Euplectus gibbipalpis Lobl and E. domefactus (Kurbatov). They are recorded from South Korea for the first time though the former species was described from North Korea. Redescriptions, images of morphological features, and distribution map are provided, as well as a key to Korean species.

The Norwegian Public Health Act (PHA) mandates municipalities to integrate a systematic, knowledge-based, cross-sectoral approach aimed at levelling the social gradient in health. This study aimed to describe and analyse how the intentions of the PHA are addressed in municipal plans and project-planning documents. A document analysis of municipal plans and project documents extracted from four municipalities in Central Norway was employed and complemented with deductive, qualitative content analysis. Findings indicate awareness of public health work as a whole-of-municipality responsibility. Systematic knowledge-based processes that make use of relevant data in planning and decision-making processes are described across municipality projects and plans. Multisectoral working groups are set up at a project level; however, opportunities for further improvements arise in respect to the anchor of these structures and systematic knowledge-based working procedures in the wider municipal context. Public health process aims (systematic knowledge-based approach, cross-sectoral governance) receive more attention than outcome aims (health equity) in both program documents and municipal plans. Only very rarely does the document hold operationalizations of how to achieve health equity. As such, effort placed on cross-administrative levels and sectors to promote structures for health equity is still needed.

The previous two articles in this series gave an overview of the methodology of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. In this third and concluding article, we look at the different types of biases that can confound the results of a meta-analysis and briefly describe some special types of meta-analysis.

Penulisan literature review merupakan salah satu tahapan penting yang harus dibuat oleh seorang peneliti baik dosen maupun mahasiswa yang sedang tugas akhir. Saat ini kebanyakan peneliti menggunakan pendekatan tradisional dalam penulisan literature review. Hal ini memiliki kelemahan yaitu dari segi efektivitas dan efisiensi. Seorang peneliti harus mengumpulkan banyak jurnal ilmiah dan memahami isinya sebelum menulisnya. Hal ini tentunya kurang efektif karena akan memakan banyak waktu. Melihat permasalahan tersebut, Nvivo dipandang sebagai solusi untuk mengatasi hal demikian. Program PKM ini bertujuan untuk memudahkan peserta dalam penyusunan literature review. Kegiatannya dirancang sedemikian rupa sehingga peserta akan mudah memahami langkah-langkah penyusunan literature review dengan Nvivo. Dilaksanakannya PKM ini menjadikan peserta memahami bagaimana cara import dokumen berupa artikel dari Mendeley atau Endnote ke dalam Nvivo, melakukan coding, menganalisis, dan menampilkan hasil analisis artikel Nvivo, dan kemudian menuliskannya dalam sebuah literature review yang sistematis. Nvivo memungkinkan peserta untuk mengeksplorasi sejumlah besar dokumen tekstual untuk melihat pola dan instrumen penelitian yang digunakan.

Bu çalışmada, istilacı tür olarak bilinen Kyllinga brevifolia türünün makro ve mikro morfolojisi incelenmiştir. Kyllinga brevifolia türünün detaylı tür betimlemesi yapılmış ve popülasyonların yayılış bilgileri güncellenmiştir. Ayrıca, K. brevifolia türünün ülkemizdeki populasyonları değerlendirilerek IUCN tehdit kategorisi de belirlenmiştir. Kyllinga brevifolia’nın polen taneleri, mikro-ekinat-delikli yüzey süslemeli, küresel şekillidir. Kyllinga brevifolia türünün meyvesi ise obovoid ve eliptik şekilli, enine kesitte merceksi bir şekle sahiptir ve meyve yüzeyleri süslemeleri ağsı-tüberkülattır. İstilacı türleri ile mücadelenin en önemli unsuru mücadele edilecek olan bitkinin iyi tanınmasıdır. Çalışmamızda bu temeli göz önünde bulundurarak, istilacı bir tür olan Kyllinga brevifolia türünün özellikleri detaylı olarak verilmiştir. Ayrıca, Kyllinga brevifolia türünün polen ve meyve morfolojisi ilk kez bu araştırma ile belirlenmiştir., The macro and micro morphology of Kyllinga brevifolia, an invasive species, was investigated in this study. K. brevifolia species has been thoroughly described, and population distribution data has been updated. Furthermore, the populations of K. brevifolia species in our country were assessed, and the IUCN threat category was identified. Kyllinga brevifolia pollen grains are spherical in shape and have a micro-echinate-perforated surface ornamentation. The fruit of K. brevifolia is obovoid and elliptical in shape, with a lenticular cross section, and the fruit surface ornemantation is reticulated-tuberculate. The most important aspect of combating invasive species is understanding the plant well enough to combat it. In our study, the characteristics of an invasive species, K. brevifolia, are described in detail. Furthermore, this study determined the pollen and fruit morphology of K. brevifolia for the first time.

Public policy makers and urban planners face constant problems when planning and implementing sustainable and energy efficient scenarios on a large scale for buildings. The energy models of urban buildings can help to improve the energy performance of a building. With this in mind, this work demonstrates the current trends and main characteristics of the literature on energy modeling of urban buildings. Evidences are found that numerous energy models have been devised for multiple applications and that the field of investigation tends to grow and methodological maturity from the implementation of ascending and descending methods based on physics, data and reduced order. Los formuladores de políticas públicas y planificadores urbanos se enfrentan a problemas constantes al planificar e implementar escenarios sostenibles y energéticamente eficientes a gran escala para edificios. Los modelos energéticos de edificios urbanos pueden ayudar a mejorar el rendimiento energético de las ciudades. Con eso en mente, este trabajo muestra las tendencias actuales y características principales de la literatura de modelaje energético de edificios urbanos. Son encontradas evidencias de que se han ideado numerosos modelos de energía para múltiples aplicaciones y que el campo de investigación tiende al crecimiento y madures metodológica a partir de la implementación de los métodos ascendentes y descendentes basados en la física, datos y de orden reducido. Os formuladores de políticas públicas e planejadores urbanos enfrentam problemas constantes ao planejar e implementar cenários de eficiência energética e sustentáveis ​​em larga escala para edifícios. Os modelos energéticos de edifícios urbanos podem ajudar a melhorar o desempenho energético das cidades. Com isso em mente, este trabalho mostra as tendências atuais e as principais características da literatura de modelagem energética para edifícios urbanos. Encontram-se evidências de que inúmeros modelos de energia foram concebidos para múltiplas aplicações e que o campo de pesquisa tende ao crescimento e maturidade metodológica a partir da implementação de métodos bottom-up e top-down baseados em física, dados e ordem reduzida.

The most common organism of acute viral gastroenteritis is norovirus, which accounts for roughly 20% of all occurrences of acute gastroenteritis globally. The virus kills over 200,000 children each year and is the leading cause of childhood diarrhea in the rotavirus-vaccinated population. This study aims to review available studies regarding the information on the genogroup norovirus in humans, development of norovirus vaccines, and effectiveness of norovirus vaccines. A systematic review using Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus databases to identify eligible case studies. The search was conducted in September-October 2021. The quality of the included literature used checklists from the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). All of the six selected studies with populations given RT-PCR intervention showed positive for norovirus infection. The most predominant genogroups in humans are GI and GII. As for the research results of the two selected studies on norovirus vaccine, namely the human phase 2 trial containing two Virus-Like Particles (VLP) genotypes, one study showed efficacy at 18-49 one study at ≥ 60 years of age. This study analysis uses Takeda bivalent vaccine. The vaccine includes norovirus antigens of the GI and GII genogroups, intending to expand its protective immune potential. GI, GII, and GIV genogroups are prevalent in humans. VLP that contains GI.I and consensus GII.4c have been created as the NoV vaccine, providing signifi cant efficacy. Very likely because they contain GI dan GII antigens, which are the genogroups that infect humans the most. Patients given a placebo developed acute gastroenteritis due to norovirus GII.2, indicating a genotype cross-reactivity.

The article provides the systematic description of eight species of ostracods described by Dykan (2018, 2020), belonging to the genera Bythocypris, Pontocypris, Pterygocythereis, Bosquetina, Acantocythereis and Cytherella, as well as eleven species in open nomenclature (sp., cf., ex gr.) of the genera Argilloecia, Loxoconcha, Sarsicytheridea, Pontocytheroma, Echinocythereis, Paleoblitacythereis, Pseudobosquetina and Bythoceratina. The ostracods derive from Upper Quaternary, Holocene and modern deposits of the southwestern part of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Sampling stations cover shelf, continental slope and deep water basin in 65-3500 m water depth. The systematic section provides synonymy, detailed descriptions, ecology, geographical and stratigraphical distribution of species. SEM-images of external and internal structures of the carapace like hinge, normal pore canals, macro- and mesosculpture are provided. The documented species belong to North Atlantic, West Atlantic, South Antarctic and Mediterranean zoogeographic groups according to the zoogeographical classification developed for the ostracods of the Tyrrhenian Sea., Подано систематичний опис восьми видів остракод, описаних Н.І. Дикань (2018, 2020), що відносяться до родів Bythocypris, Pontocypris, Pterygocythereis, Bosquetina, Acantocythereis та Cytherella, 11 видів у відкритій номенклатурі (sp., cf., ex gr.) родів Argilloecia, Loxoconcha, Sarsicytheridea, Pontocytheroma, Echinocythereis, Paleoblitacythereis та Pseudobosquetina, Bythoceratina. Остракоди описано з верхньочетвертинних, голоценових і сучасних відкладів південно-західної частини Тірренського моря (шельф, материковий схил, глибоководна западина; 65—3500 м). Систематичний опис містить синоніміку, детальний опис, екологію, географічне положення, стратиграфічне поширення. Надано зображення зовнішньої і внутрішньої будови черепашки — замка, поверхневих порових каналів, макро- і мезоскульптури. Розділ «Екологія» містить аналіз даних про поширення остракод латерально та за глибиною (літоральна, батіальна, абісальна зони) відношення до типу субстрату та інші умови існування остракод у північно-західній частині Тірренського моря та океанах. Зоогеографічний аналіз включає рекон- струкцію сучасних і давніх ареалів остракод у Середземноморській області та океанах з палеогену.

Megacollybia rodmanii R.H. Petersen, K.W. Hughes & Lickey’nin meyvemsileri Türkiye’den bu çalışmada ilk kez toplandı, morfolojik olarak incelendi ve burada arazi ve mikroskopik resimler ve kısa bir tartışma ile birlikte verildi. Yeni kayıt kahverengi, zeytini kahverengi veya soluk grimsi kahverengi ve 50−155 mm şapka, sapa az veya çok bağlı lameller, beyazımsı ve 50−115 × 15−25 mm sap, eliptik ve 6−10 × 5−8 µm bazidiyosporlar ile yakın akraba türlerden ayrılır., The fruiting bodies of Megacollybia rodmanii R.H. Petersen, K.W. Hughes & Lickey were collected from Turkey for the first time in this study. They were examined morphologically and presented herein with field and microscopic pictures and a brief discussion. The new record is distinguished from the closely related species with brown, olive brown or pale greyish brown and 50−155 mm pileus, more or less attached lamellae, with whitish and 50−115 × 15−25 mm stipe, elliptical and 6−10 × 5−8 µm basidiospores.

Bu çalışma Küre Dağları Milli Parkı’nın Kastamonu Bölümündeki florayı ortaya çıkararak alandaki bitki çeşitliliğinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında tespit edilen bitkiler APG IV sistemine göre sınıflandırılmış, endemik türlerin uluslararası IUCN tehlike kategorilerine de yer verilmiştir. 2019-2021 yılları arasında yapılan 55 arazi çalışmasında 2240 bitki örneği toplanmıştır. Toplanan örneklerin teşhis edilmesiyle 100 familya, 474 cinse ait 990 taksonun alanda yayılış yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Bu taksonların 49’u endemik olup, çalışma alanında tespit edilen biri dünya için yeni endemik takson, diğeri Türkiye florası için yeni bir kayıt olmak üzere iki taksonun sistematiği yapılarak ülkemiz florasına katılması sağlanmıştır. Araştırma alanında en fazla takson içeren familyalar, Asteraceae 113, Fabaceae 83, Lamiaceae 52, Apiaceae 52, ve Poaceae 51 dir. Araştırma alanından toplanan taksonların Raunkiaer’in yaşam biçimlerine göre Fanerofit 96, Kamafit 29, Hemikriptofit 517, Kriptofit 117, Terofit 231’dir., In this study, it was aimed to determine flora of Küre Mountains National Park (Kastamonu Section) by revealing its plant diversity. The collected plants are arranged according to APG IV system and endemic plants were classified according to IUCN categories. 2240 plant samples were collected in 55 field trips to the research area between 2019-2021. As a result of the identification of collected plants, 100 families, 474 genus and 990 taxa were determined. 49 of the collected taxa are endemic, one of them is a new record for the flora of Turkey and one of them is presented as a new record for the science world. The families that have the most taxa are as follows, Asteraceae 113 taxa, Fabaceae 83 taxa, Lamiaceae 52 taxa, Apiaceae 52 taxa, and Poaceae 51 taxa. According to Raunkiaer’s life form of the plants, there are 96 Phanerophytes, 29 Chamaephytes, 517 Hemicryptophytes, 117 Cryptophyte and 231 Therophytes.

Background The techniques of amplifying genetic materials have enabled the extensive study of several biological activities outside the biological milieu of living systems. More recently, this approach has been extended to amplify population of genes, from evolutionarily related gene family for detection and evaluation of microbial consortial with several unique potentialities (e.g., enzymatic degradability). Conceivably, primer mixtures containing substitutions of different bases at specific sites (degenerate primers) have enabled the amplification of these genes in PCR reaction. However, the degenerate primer design problem (DPD) is a constraint to designing this kind of primer. To date, different algorithms now exist to solve various versions of DPD problem, many of which, only few addresses and satisfy the criteria to design primers that can extensively cover high through-put sequences while striking the balance between specificity and efficiency. The highly degenerate primer (HYDEN) design software program primarily addresses this variant of DPD problem termed “maximum coverage-degenerate primer design (MC-DPD)” and its heuristics have been substantiated for optimal efficiency from significant successes in PCR. In spite of the premium presented for designing degenerate primers, literature search has indicated relatively little use of its heuristics. This has been thought to result from the complexity of the program since it is run only by command-line, hence limiting its accessibility. To solve this problem, researchers have optionally considered the manual design of degenerate primers or design through software programs that provides accessibility through a graphical user interface (GUI). Realizing this, we have attempted in this study to provide a user-friendly approach for researchers with little or no background in bioinformatics to design degenerate primers using HYDEN Results Virtual Tests of our designed degenerate primer pair through in silico PCR substantiated the correspondence between efficiency and coverage with the target sequences as pre-defined by the initial HYDEN output, thereby validating the potentials of HYDEN to effectively solve the MC-DPD problem. Additionally, the designed primer-pair mechanistically amplified all sequences used as a positive control with no amplification observed in the negative controls. Conclusion In this study, we provided a turnkey protocol to simplify the design of degenerate primers using the heuristics of the HYDEN software program.

Elizabeth Pearce,1 Sobha Sivaprasad1,2 1Department of Ocular Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK; 2Medical Retina Department, NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UKCorrespondence: Sobha SivaprasadNIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UKTel +44 20 7253 3411Email senswathi@aol.comAbstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes with a prevalence of ∼ 35%, and is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in people of working age in most developed countries. The earliest stage of DR, non-proliferative DR (NPDR), may progress to sight-threatening DR (STDR). Thus, early detection of DR and active regular screening of patients with diabetes are necessary for earlier intervention to prevent sight loss. While some countries offer systematic DR screening, most nations are reliant on opportunistic screening or do not offer any screening owing to limited healthcare resources and infrastructure. Currently, retinal imaging approaches for DR screening include those with and without mydriasis, imaging in single or multiple fields, and the use of conventional or ultra-wide-field imaging. Advances in telescreening and automated detection facilitate screening in previously hard-to-reach communities. Despite the heterogeneity in approaches to fit local needs, an evidence base must be created for each model to inform practice. In this review, we appraise different aspects of DR screening, including technological advances, identify evidence gaps, and propose several studies to improve DR screening globally, with a view to identifying patients with moderate-to-severe NPDR who would benefit if a convenient treatment option to delay progression to STDR became available.Keywords: telescreening, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, risk-stratification, systematic, opportunistic

We clarified the current state of genus Crataegus L. in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijan) using a comparative analysis of herbarium specimens from the Azarbaijan herbariums and data collected during the expeditions in 2004–2018. We succeed in adding some important data on the flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and Azerbaijan, we also enhanced the previous research with chromosome and morphological analysis. We identified 17 wild species of Crataegus genus in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (C. pentagyna Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd., 1800, C. zangezura Pojark., 1939, C. orientalis Pall. ex Bieb., 1808, C. pojarkoviae Kossych, 1964, C. tournefortii Griseb., 1843, C. szovitsii Pojark., 1939, C. pontica C. Koch, 1853, C. meyeri Pojark., 1939, C. eriantha Pojark., 1939, C. atrosanguinea Pojark., 1939, C. caucasica C. Koch, 1853, C. pallasii Griseb., 1843, C. rhipidophylla Gand. (С. curvisepala Lindm.; C. kyrtostyla Pojark.) 1871, C. pseudoheterophylla Pojark., 1939, C. monogyna Jacq., 1775, C. x armena Pojark., 1939, and C. x cinovskisii Kassumova), which will contribute to five introduced cultural species used in the greenery. We also clarified the status of interserial and intersection hybrids using the chromosome and morphological analysis. The article includes the complete list of Crataegus L. species with information about synonyms of the species, patterns of distribution, habitat, latitude and elevation, flowering and fruiting phenology.

The present work deal with the morphological characters of the fruits and seed of the cultivars belonging to the species Morus alba L. Namely ("Beautiful Day", "Big White", "Rease", "Greece", "Pearl", "Border Sweet", "Pendula"); Morus latifolia Poir ("Kokuse Korean"); Morus rubra L. ("Amarah"); Morus nigra ("Shami"); Morus macroura Miq ("King White"); "Dwarf" and Morus hybrid ("Tice", "Wellington") Which cultirated in North of Iraq. The study includes the characters of the fruits (Shape, Color, Dimension, Size, Number of the fruitlet in the fruit) and the characters of the seeds (Shape, Color, Dimension, Number of the seeds in the fruit, and surface ornamentation). The results of some morphological characteristic of the fruits and seeds examined by light microscope (L.M), in addition to the surface ornamentation of the seeds examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Showed five type of the surface ornamentation (Reticulate, Muricate, Foreate undulate, Polygonal, and Ruminate) for cultivars species studied, showed that importance value in the separation between the cultivars of the species studied belonging to the genus Morus L.