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The aim of the study is to analyze the possibility of the insanity as ground for total or partial exemption from criminal responsibility in the light of the current terrorist acts, which is based on a recent case in France. In connection with the case, the domestic and international regulation of the insanity will be reviewed and analyzed, with a brief overview of its execution of a sentence. In this context, it can be stated that both the Hungarian and foreign regulations consider it to be ground for total or partial exemption from criminal responsibility if the ability to set off at the time of the commission of the act is limited or excluded. Where appropriate, the decision on the matter, in addition to leading to a conviction or acquittal of the act, also has an impact on enforcement, as it does not matter whether the place of detention is a medical or penitentiary institution. After that, after the general definition of the concept and types of terrorism, the mental disorders that may occur in connection with the mentioned acts and may affect the ability to set off are described. Finally, based on a review of the literature, it can be concluded that insanity as ground for total or partial exemption from criminal responsibility and the application of the relevant legal consequences to perpetrators of terrorist acts is not excluded, but given the complexity of the behavior and the duration of mental disorders fewer illnesses can occur as in the case of other criminal offenses.

The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of acylCoA-diacylglycerol-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), leptin and thyroglobulin (TG) loci on the milk fat, milk protein and milk yield in Holstein Friesian, Jersey and Hungarian Simmental cows. Leptin and DGAT1 genotypes were determined by qPCR assay, while TG genotypes were identified using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP). DGAT1 GC/GC cows had the highest 305-day milk yield values. Difference between AA/AA and GC/GC genotypes was significant (PLeptin CC animals produced significantly higher 305-day milk protein percent values (PTG locus TT cows showed the highest 305-day milk fat percent values, although differences between genotypes proved to be significant (P

Many factors may influence the evolution and survival in primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. To determine their importance, clinico-pathological and therapeutical aspects were analysed in 34 patients with primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma between Jan 1983 and Dec 1995. Diagnosis was performed with endoscopy-biopsy, surgery or both. Specimens were classified according to the Kiel classification and the MALT concept formulated by Isaacson. Staging was done according to the Ann Arbor staging system modified by Musshoff. Staging and follow-up included bone marrow biopsy, ultrasonography, chest-x-ray, computer tomography, regularly gastroscopy and in two cases lymphography. Therapy included surgery(SUR), chemotherapy(CT) and radiotherapy(XRT) in different combinations, but 19 patients of 34 received all of them. Survival was measured from initial diagnosis to either the end of follow-up or death. The average follow-up was 48 months (range 2–144). 29 of 34 patients(85.2%) obtained a CR, 2 patients(5.8%) achieved a PR. Progression was observed in only 1 patient. There have been 7 relapses: 4 of them died and 3 achieved a CR again. Patients in PR also expired. Overall survival ranged from 6 to 144 months(an average of 50.8) and disease-free survival from 3 to 131 months(an average of 46.9), respectively. The best overall and disease-free survivals were obtained with combination of SUR-CT-XRT followed by SUR-CT and CT-XRT. Outcome of stage IE was more favourable with no influence of histology. It is concluded, that SUR, CT and XRT applied together could prolong overall and disease-free survivals without increased risk of adverse reactions.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the questions related to sport and physical activity in the later years of life from a societal perspective. It was hypothesized that: 1) in Hungary the role of physical activity in the life-style of retired persons has been recognized neither at the institutional nor at the personal level and that 2) not the actual age but rather age-related social norms and role models are the factors which define leisure behavior, including desocialization out of sport roles. The first part of this paper presents data collected by document analyses from statistical year-books, reports and autobiographies. The second part is based on a cross cultural study carried out in five cities: Budapest, Havana, Prague, Tallin, Warsaw. The sample was selected randomly, (N = 4000) the data was collected using questionnaires which mainly contained multiple choice and open-ended questions. The findings prove that — depending on age cohort, sex, social background, nationality — actual age is only partially to be considered as the indicator of socially acceptable and age- appropriate role behavior. However, sport and physical activity in old age are not encouraged and for the elderly, there is no opportunity to pursue physically active roles. Sports scientists working with age-related phenomena stress the fact that one "cannot ignore the many social, historical, cultural, environmental, political, and economic factors that can influence physical activity involvement patterns or potential in the middle and later years of life." (McPherson 1988). The present paper attempts to investigate one of those factors: public opinion on bodily decline in the later years of life and physical activity of elderly people.