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Lossy face image compression can degrade the image quality and the utility for the purpose of face recognition. This work investigates the effect of lossy image compression on a state-of-the-art face recognition model, and on multiple face image quality assessment models. The analysis is conducted over a range of specific image target sizes. Four compression types are considered, namely JPEG, JPEG 2000, downscaled PNG, and notably the new JPEG XL format. Frontal color images from the ColorFERET database were used in a Region Of Interest (ROI) variant and a portrait variant. We primarily conclude that JPEG XL allows for superior mean and worst case face recognition performance especially at lower target sizes, below approximately 5kB for the ROI variant, while there appears to be no critical advantage among the compression types at higher target sizes. Quality assessments from modern models correlate well overall with the compression effect on face recognition performance.

This paper proposes an explainable visualisation of different face feature extraction algorithms that enable the detection of bona fide and morphing images for single morphing attack detection. The feature extraction is based on raw image, shape, texture, frequency and compression. This visualisation may help to develop a Graphical User Interface for border policies and specifically for border guard personnel that have to investigate details of suspect images. A Random forest classifier was trained in a leave-one-out protocol on three landmarks-based face morphing methods and a StyleGAN-based morphing method for which morphed images are available in the FRLL database. For morphing attack detection, the Discrete Cosine-Transformation-based method obtained the best results for synthetic images and BSIF for landmark-based image features.

Quality assessment algorithms can be used to estimate the utility of a biometric sample for the purpose of biometric recognition. "Error versus Discard Characteristic" (EDC) plots, and "partial Area Under Curve" (pAUC) values of curves therein, are generally used by researchers to evaluate the predictive performance of such quality assessment algorithms. An EDC curve depends on an error type such as the "False Non Match Rate" (FNMR), a quality assessment algorithm, a biometric recognition system, a set of comparisons each corresponding to a biometric sample pair, and a comparison score threshold corresponding to a starting error. To compute an EDC curve, comparisons are progressively discarded based on the associated samples' lowest quality scores, and the error is computed for the remaining comparisons. Additionally, a discard fraction limit or range must be selected to compute pAUC values, which can then be used to quantitatively rank quality assessment algorithms. This paper discusses and analyses various details for this kind of quality assessment algorithm evaluation, including general EDC properties, interpretability improvements for pAUC values based on a hard lower error limit and a soft upper error limit, the use of relative instead of discrete rankings, stepwise vs. linear curve interpolation, and normalisation of quality scores to a [0, 100] integer range. We also analyse the stability of quantitative quality assessment algorithm rankings based on pAUC values across varying pAUC discard fraction limits and starting errors, concluding that higher pAUC discard fraction limits should be preferred. The analyses are conducted both with synthetic data and with real data for a face image quality assessment scenario, with a focus on general modality-independent conclusions for EDC evaluations.

Fitness for Duty (FFD) techniques detects whether a subject is Fit to perform their work safely, which means no reduced alertness condition and security, or if they are Unfit, which means alertness condition reduced by sleepiness or consumption of alcohol and drugs. Human iris behaviour provides valuable information to predict FFD since pupil and iris movements are controlled by the central nervous system and are influenced by illumination, fatigue, alcohol, and drugs. This work aims to classify FFD using sequences of 8 iris images and to extract spatial and temporal information using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory Networks (LSTM). Our results achieved a precision of 81.4\% and 96.9\% for the prediction of Fit and Unfit subjects, respectively. The results also show that it is possible to determine if a subject is under alcohol, drug, and sleepiness conditions. Sleepiness can be identified as the most difficult condition to be determined. This system opens a different insight into iris biometric applications.

Nowadays, Presentation Attack Detection is a very active research area. Several databases are constituted in the state-of-the-art using images extracted from videos. One of the main problems identified is that many databases present a low-quality, small image size and do not represent an operational scenario in a real remote biometric system. Currently, these images are captured from smartphones with high-quality and bigger resolutions. In order to increase the diversity of image quality, this work presents a new PAD database based on open-access Flickr images called: "Flickr-PAD". Our new hand-made database shows high-quality printed and screen scenarios. This will help researchers to compare new approaches to existing algorithms on a wider database. This database will be available for other researchers. A leave-one-out protocol was used to train and evaluate three PAD models based on MobileNet-V3 (small and large) and EfficientNet-B0. The best result was reached with MobileNet-V3 large with BPCER10 of 7.08% and BPCER20 of 11.15%.

In this paper, an updated two-stage, end-to-end Presentation Attack Detection method for remote biometric verification systems of ID cards, based on MobileNetV2, is presented. Several presentation attack species such as printed, display, composite (based on cropped and spliced areas), plastic (PVC), and synthetic ID card images using different capture sources are used. This proposal was developed using a database consisting of 190.000 real case Chilean ID card images with the support of a third-party company. Also, a new framework called PyPAD, used to estimate multi-class metrics compliant with the ISO/IEC 30107-3 standard was developed, and will be made available for research purposes. Our method is trained on two convolutional neural networks separately, reaching BPCER\textsubscript{100} scores on ID cards attacks of 1.69\% and 2.36\% respectively. The two-stage method using both models together can reach a BPCER\textsubscript{100} score of 0.92\%.

Funding Information: This Open Access publication was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491094227 “Open Access Publication Funding” and the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation.

Iris Recognition (IR) is one of the market's most reliable and accurate biometric systems. Today, it is challenging to build NIR-capturing devices under the premise of hardware price reduction. Commercial NIR sensors are protected from modification. The process of building a new device is not trivial because it is required to start from scratch with the process of capturing images with quality, calibrating operational distances, and building lightweight software such as eyes/iris detectors and segmentation sub-systems. In light of such challenges, this work aims to develop and implement iris recognition software in an embedding system and calibrate NIR in a contactless binocular setup. We evaluate and contrast speed versus performance obtained with two embedded computers and infrared cameras. Further, a lightweight segmenter sub-system called "Unet_xxs" is proposed, which can be used for iris semantic segmentation under restricted memory resources.

Non-referential face image quality assessment methods have gained popularity as a pre-filtering step on face recognition systems. In most of them, the quality score is usually designed with face matching in mind. However, a small amount of work has been done on measuring their impact and usefulness on Presentation Attack Detection (PAD). In this paper, we study the effect of quality assessment methods on filtering bona fide and attack samples, their impact on PAD systems, and how the performance of such systems is improved when training on a filtered (by quality) dataset. On a Vision Transformer PAD algorithm, a reduction of 20% of the training dataset by removing lower quality samples allowed us to improve the BPCER by 3% in a cross-dataset test.

This research proposes a new database and method to detect the reduction of alertness conditions due to alcohol, drug consumption and sleepiness deprivation from Near-Infra-Red (NIR) periocular eye images. The study focuses on determining the effect of external factors on the Central Nervous System (CNS). The goal is to analyse how this impacts iris and pupil movement behaviours and if it is possible to classify these changes with a standard iris NIR capture device. This paper proposes a modified MobileNetV2 to classify iris NIR images taken from subjects under alcohol/drugs/sleepiness influences. The results show that the MobileNetV2-based classifier can detect the Unfit alertness condition from iris samples captured after alcohol and drug consumption robustly with a detection accuracy of 91.3% and 99.1%, respectively. The sleepiness condition is the most challenging with 72.4%. For two-class grouped images belonging to the Fit/Unfit classes, the model obtained an accuracy of 94.0% and 84.0%, respectively, using a smaller number of parameters than the standard Deep learning Network algorithm. This work is a step forward in biometric applications for developing an automatic system to classify "Fitness for Duty" and prevent accidents due to alcohol/drug consumption and sleepiness., arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2203.02488

This research proposes a method to detect alcohol consumption from Near-Infra-Red (NIR) periocular eye images. The study focuses on determining the effect of external factors such as alcohol on the Central Nervous System (CNS). The goal is to analyse how this impacts on iris and pupil movements and if it is possible to capture these changes with a standard iris NIR camera. This paper proposes a novel Fused Capsule Network (F-CapsNet) to classify iris NIR images taken under alcohol consumption subjects. The results show the F-CapsNet algorithm can detect alcohol consumption in iris NIR images with an accuracy of 92.3% using half of the parameters as the standard Capsule Network algorithm. This work is a step forward in developing an automatic system to estimate "Fitness for Duty" and prevent accidents due to alcohol consumption.

El presente artículo investigativo demuestra, con base en el argumento científico, la verdadera influencia que poseen, dentro del nuevo siglo, los potentes elementos propios de la mercadotecnia en contacto con las tendencias tecnológicas. Así mismo, se enfoca en detallar brevemente la importancia de digitalizar un negocio como clave del éxito para acrecentar su rango de proyección, generando ventas y súbitas mejorías dentro del sistema que fundamenta la comercialización de un producto o servicio. Con la finalidad de ampliar la cantidad de espacios que tratan el tema de la mercadotecnia y enseñar sus fundamentos básicos a las nuevas generaciones, se ha creído conveniente tomar en cuenta la teoría científica creada por los más recientes autores para constatar la verdadera esencia del tema en cuestión, brindando ejemplos prácticos tomados de la vida real.

Face morphing attack detection is challenging and presents a concrete and severe threat for face verification systems. Reliable detection mechanisms for such attacks, which have been tested with a robust cross-database protocol and unknown morphing tools still is a research challenge. This paper proposes a framework following the Few-Shot-Learning approach that shares image information based on the siamese network using triplet-semi-hard-loss to tackle the morphing attack detection and boost the clustering classification process. This network compares a bona fide or potentially morphed image with triplets of morphing and bona fide face images. Our results show that this new network cluster the data points, and assigns them to classes in order to obtain a lower equal error rate in a cross-database scenario sharing only small image numbers from an unknown database. Few-shot learning helps to boost the learning process. Experimental results using a cross-datasets trained with FRGCv2 and tested with FERET and the AMSL open-access databases reduced the BPCER10 from 43% to 4.91% using ResNet50 and 5.50% for MobileNetV2.

El estudio de investigación de mercado realizado para los fines de esta investigación, las previsiones de crecimiento de la demanda y las estimaciones de los principales indicadores financieros demuestran que implementar un negocio de importación y venta de bicicletas en Lima Metropolitana es una buena decisión de inversión. La industria de importación de bicicletas ha crecido a una media de +20% anual (SUNAT, 2021) y la crisis sanitaria no ha ralentizado esta tendencia, más bien, la ha acelerado. No solo ello, cuando se ha estresado las variables hacia un entorno menos favorable (reducción en la velocidad de crecimiento, caída de la cuota de mercado y presión a la baja de los márgenes comerciales) el Valor Actual Neto (VAN) sigue siendo positivo. Las previsiones de crecimiento se sustentan en el comportamiento histórico de las importaciones de bicicletas y la deducción de los márgenes prevalecientes en el sector se realizó a partir de la comparación entre los valores FOB unitarios y el precio de venta según marca y modelo específico entre los principales competidores. BCC-PERÚ competirá en el mercado de bicicletas cuyo valor FOB de importación es como mínimo 75 USD (aunque en no pocos casos estos valores unitarios alcanzan varios miles de dólares) y se consolidará a partir de la calidad de sus productos y de la excelencia de su asesoría en venta y posventa. Para respaldar las proyecciones, se han proyectado estados financieros y diversos indicadores de rentabilidad, estresándolos en diversos escenarios plausibles.

Detecting morphed face images has become critical for maintaining trust in automated facial biometric verification systems. It is well demonstrated that better biometric performance of the Face Recognition System (FRS) results in higher vulnerability to face morphing attacks. Morphing can be understood as a technique to combine two or more look-alike facial images corresponding to the attacker and an accomplice, who could apply for a valid passport by exploiting the accomplice’s identity. Morphing Attack Detection (MAD), with the help of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), has demonstrated good performance in detecting morphed images. However, they lack transparency, and it is unclear how they differentiate between bona fide and morphed facial images. As a result, this phenomenon needs careful consideration for safety and security-related applications. This paper will explore Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) to determine the most relevant features. We fine-tune a VGG pre-trained network for face morphing attack detection and LRP is then used to investigate the decision-making processes to understand what input pixels take part in the attack detection. This paper shows that CNN considers only a small part of the image, usually around the eyes, nose, and mouth.

ContextMolecular tests are useful in detecting COVID-19, but they are expensive in developing countries. COVID-19-sniffing dogs are an alternative due to their reported sensitivity (>80%) and specificity (>90%). However, most of the published evidence is experimental, and there is a need to determine the performance of the dogs in field conditions. Hence, we aimed to test the sensitivity and specificity of COVID-19-sniffing dogs in the field.MethodsWe trained four dogs with sweat and three dogs with saliva of COVID-19-positive patients, respectively, for 4.5 months. The samples were obtained from a health center in Hermosillo, Sonora, with the restriction to spend 5 min per patient. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsTwo sweat-sniffing dogs reached 76 and 80% sensitivity, with the 95% CI not overlapping the random value of 50%, and 75 and 88% specificity, with the 95% CI not overlapping the 50% value. The 95% CI of the sensitivity and specificity of the other two sweat dogs overlapped the 50% value. Two saliva-sniffing dogs had 70 and 78% sensitivity, and the 95% CI of their sensitivity and specificity did not overlap the 50% value. The 95% CI of the third dog's sensitivity and specificity overlapped the 50% value.ConclusionFour of the six dogs were able to detect positive samples of patients with COVID-19, with sensitivity and specificity values significantly different from random in the field. We considered the performance of the dogs promising because it is reasonable to expect that with gauze exposed for a longer time to sweat and saliva of people with COVID-19, their detection capacity would improve. The target is to reach the sensitivity range requested by the World Health Organization for the performance of an antigen test (≥80% sensitivity, ≥97% specificity). If so, dogs could become important allies for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in developing countries.

El proyecto realiza el estudio de las respuestas de acción en zona 1 y 2 de protección del IED de distancia siemens 7SA86 con característica poligonal y Mho. Se analiza el caso de corriente intermedia, caso de acoplamiento mutuo de líneas paralelas y la coordinación con dos relés en el laboratorio de protecciones de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana sede Cuenca. The project studies the action responses in zone 1 and 2 of protection of the IED of distance siemens 7SA86 with polygonal characteristic and Mho. It analyzes the case of intermediate current, case of mutual coupling of parallel lines and coordination with two relays in the protection laboratory of the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Cuenca.

Biometric has been increasing in relevance these days since it can be used for several applications such as access control for instance. Unfortunately, with the increased deployment of biometric applications, we observe an increase of attacks. Therefore, algorithms to detect such attacks (Presentation Attack Detection (PAD)) have been increasing in relevance. The LivDet-2020 competition which focuses on Presentation Attacks Detection (PAD) algorithms have shown still open problems, specially for unknown attacks scenarios. In order to improve the robustness of biometric systems, it is crucial to improve PAD methods. This can be achieved by augmenting the number of presentation attack instruments (PAI) and bona fide images that are used to train such algorithms. Unfortunately, the capture and creation of presentation attack instruments and even the capture of bona fide images is sometimes complex to achieve. This paper proposes a novel PAI synthetically created (SPI-PAI) using four state-of-the-art GAN algorithms (cGAN, WGAN, WGAN-GP, and StyleGAN2) and a small set of periocular NIR images. A benchmark between GAN algorithms is performed using the Frechet Inception Distance (FID) between the generated images and the original images used for training. The best PAD algorithm reported by the LivDet-2020 competition was tested for us using the synthetic PAI which was obtained with the StyleGAN2 algorithm. Surprisingly, The PAD algorithm was not able to detect the synthetic images as a Presentation Attack, categorizing all of them as bona fide. Such results demonstrated the feasibility of synthetic images to fool presentation attacks detection algorithms and the need for such algorithms to be constantly updated and trained with a larger number of images and PAI scenarios.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) for comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has had mixed results. We integrated CBTI with a positive airway pressure (PAP) adherence program and tested effects on sleep and PAP use. 125 veterans (mean age 63.2, 96% men, 39% non-Hispanic white, 26% black/African American, 18% Hispanic/Latino) with comorbid insomnia and newly-diagnosed OSA (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15) were randomized to 5-weekly sessions integrating CBTI with a PAP adherence program provided by a "sleep coach" (with behavioral sleep medicine supervision), or 5-weekly sleep education control sessions. Participants and assessment staff were blinded to group assignment. Outcomes (baseline, 3 and 6 months) included Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 7-day sleep diary (sleep onset latency [SOL-D], wake after sleep onset [WASO-D], sleep efficiency [SE-D]), 7-day actigraphy (SE-A), and objective PAP use (hours/night and nights ≥ 4 h). Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire-10 (FOSQ-10) were also collected. Compared to controls, intervention participants showed greater improvement (baseline to 3 and 6 months, respectively) in PSQI (-3.2 and -1.7), SOL-D (-16.2 and -15.5 minutes), SE-D (10.5% and 8.5%), SE-A (4.4% and 2.6%) and more 90-day PAP use (1.3 and 0.9 more hours/night, 17.4 and 11.3 more nights PAP ≥ 4 h). 90-day PAP use at 3 months was 3.2 and 1.9 h/night in intervention versus controls. Intervention participants also had greater improvements in ISI, ESS, and FOSQ-10 (all p < 0.05). An intervention integrating CBTI with a PAP adherence program delivered by a supervised sleep coach improved sleep and PAP use in adults with comorbid insomnia and OSA. ClinicalTrials.govStudy name: Novel Treatment of Comorbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnea in Older VeteransURL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT02027558&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=Registration: NCT02027558.

La biomasa de microalgas puede ser aprovechable en el sector energético, nutricional, farmacéutico y cosmético. Dependiendo de la especie y las condiciones de cultivo, se obtienen diferentes productos de valor agregado como lípidos, proteínas, carbohidratos, ficobiliproteínas, ácidos grasos, vitaminas, antioxidantes, biopolímeros y pigmentos que pueden tener una aplicación potencial en diversas industrias, incluyendo su uso como suplementos nutricionales para la alimentación humana, fuente de β-caroteno, ácidos grasos ω-3, biopolímeros de astaxantina, bioplásticos, nutracéuticos, clorofila y carotenoides (luteína, zeaxantina). Los compuestos bioactivos de las microalgas actúan como componentes antivirales, antibacterianos, antipalúdicos, antioxidantes, antimicóticos, antitumorales y antiinflamatorios. Los pigmentos orgánicos naturales como la clorofila, los carotenoides y las ficobiliproteínas están ganando importancia en varias industrias cosméticas, alimentarias y textiles. En este trabajo se evaluó la producción de lípidos totales, triacilglicéridos, proteína total soluble, clorofila total (clorofila a y b) y carotenoides totales generados por las microalgas Scenedesmus acutus y Chlorella vulgaris, con la adición de ácido indolacético (AIA), ácido naftalenacético (ANA), bencilaminopurina (BAP), kinetina (KIN) y ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) como reguladores de crecimiento exógenos. Los resultados mostraron que las microalgas responden a la aplicación exógena de reguladores de crecimiento de forma dependiente a la concentración. En S. acutus, BAP incrementa la proliferación (número de células) y KIN aumenta el contenido de proteína total soluble. Para C. vulgaris, AIA aumenta el contenido de clorofila total y ANA incrementa el contenido de clorofila y carotenoides. Microalgae biomass can be used in different sectors such as energy, nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic. Depending on the species and culture conditions, different value-added products are obtained such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, antioxidants, biopolymers, and pigments, which can have a potential application in many industries, including their use as nutritional supplements for human nutrition, source of β-carotene, 3-fatty acids, astaxanthin biopolymers, bioplastics, nutraceuticals, chlorophyll, and carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin). The bioactive compounds of the microalgae act as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-malarial, antioxidant, anti-fungal, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory components. Natural organic pigments such as chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins are gaining importance in several cosmetic, food and textile industries. In this work, we evaluated the production of total lipids, triacylglycerides, total soluble protein, total chlorophyll (chlorophyll a and b) and total carotenoids generated by the microalgae Scenedesmus acutus and Chlorella vulgaris, with the addition of indoleacetic acid (AIA), naphthaleneacetic acid (ANA), benzyl aminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN) and acetylsalicylic acid (AAS), as exogenous growth regulators. The results showed that microalgae respond to the exogenous application of growth regulators in a concentration-dependent manner. In S. acutus, BAP increases proliferation (cell number), and KIN increases the content of total soluble protein. For C. vulgaris, AIA increases the content of total chlorophyll and ANA increases the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids. Grupos de la comunidad Investigadores Estudiantes

Una de las principales barreras que se tiene en nuestro país (y en otros) para poder retratar la situación socioeconómica de la población afrodescendiente, es la falta de información desagregada por grupo étnico. Este artículo presenta la situación educativa de niñas, niños y adolescentes afroperuanos y brinda recomendaciones para seguir desarrollando estudios que permitan desagregar la información por etnicidad, lo que contribuirá no solo a visibilizar las condiciones de vida de la población afroperuana, sino también a formular políticas públicas basadas en evidencia para mitigar las inequidades sociales que afectan a ese sector poblacional.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. MA plots of differentially expressed (DE TEs). Figure S2. Schematic representation of how genes were attributed to a TE. Figure S3. TE Class distribution. Figure S4. Relative distribution of TEs with respect to their associated genes. Figure S5. Overlap of TEs with Promoters from the Eukaryotic Promoter Database (EPD) and RefSeq Functional Elements (RefSeqFuncElems). Table S1. Detailed information of the overlap of Differentially Expressed TEs (“TE”) with RefSeq Functional Elements (“RefSeq Functional Element”). Table S2. Proportion test results of the selected genic TEs in section 2 of our work versus the genomic TE distribution. Table S3. Proportion test results of the selected intergenic TEs in section 2 of our work versus the genomic TE distribution. Table S4. Enhancers within 52 kb of genes associated with intergenic TEs.

Additional file 6: Table S5. Alignment statistics of the RNA-Sequencing samples published by Zhang et al. (2014). Table S6. Alignment statistics of the RNA-Sequencing samples published by Cui et al. (2010). Table S7. Alignment statistics of the RNA-Sequencing samples published by Zhang et al. (2018).. Figure S6. Venn diagram of the TEs identified by SQuIRE in the datasets published by Cui et al. (2010).

Removing the background in ID Card images is a real challenge for remote verification systems because many of the re-digitalised images present cluttered backgrounds, poor illumination conditions, distortion and occlusions. The background in ID Card images confuses the classifiers and the text extraction. Due to the lack of available images for research, this field represents an open problem in computer vision today. This work proposes a method for removing the background using semantic segmentation of ID Cards. In the end, images captured in the wild from the real operation, using a manually labelled dataset consisting of 45,007 images, with five types of ID Cards from three countries (Chile, Argentina and Mexico), including typical presentation attack scenarios, were used. This method can help to improve the following stages in a regular identity verification or document tampering detection system. Two Deep Learning approaches were explored, based on MobileUNet and DenseNet10. The best results were obtained using MobileUNet, with 6.5 million parameters. A Chilean ID Card's mean Intersection Over Union (IoU) was 0.9926 on a private test dataset of 4,988 images. The best results for the fused multi-country dataset of ID Card images from Chile, Argentina and Mexico reached an IoU of 0.9911. The proposed methods are lightweight enough to be used in real-time operation on mobile devices.

El documento consiste en el diseño y análisis de resistencia estructural de un semiremolque acoplado a un tractocamión, mediante cálculos de resistencia de materiales, software de simulación y forma práctica, para determinar los espesores y dimensiones más eficientes que soporten la carga de los diferentes tipos de materiales o áridos a transportar. The document consists of the design and analysis of structural resistance of a semi-trailer coupled to a tractor, through material resistance calculations, simulation software and practical form, to determine the most efficient thicknesses and dimensions that support the load of the different types of materials or aggregates to be transported.

Digital, Los porcinos son una especie predispuesta a contraer afecciones gastrointestinales de origen parasitario, esto no solamente va a repercutir en el animal sino que también se convierte en un riesgo potencial para la salud humana debido a la transmisión de enfermedades zoonóticas. Los cerdos criados en granjas traspatio son más susceptibles a desarrollar infecciones debido a las malas condiciones higiénicas que este tipo de explotación posee. En el departamento de Santander, Colombia el 87% de los porcinos se encuentran en granjas de este tipo, debido a ello se realizó una investigación en el área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgos de helmintos gastrointestinales y pulmonares en producciones porcinas traspatio. Se evaluaron 279 muestras fecales obtenidas proporcionalmente de 32 granjas que se encuentran distribuidas en los 4 municipios. Para el estudio parasitológico las muestras se analizaron mediante las técnicas Centrifugación- flotación y MacMaster. Se registraron datos sobre edad, sexo, altura, tipo de alimentación y programa de desparasitación. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante las pruebas de test Ji- cuadrado de Pearson, para establecer comparaciones entre variables y Odds Ratio para determinar factores de riesgo. Los resultados obtenidos indican una prevalencia general por granja del 71,8 y 22,9% a nivel individual. Los parásitos más frecuentes fueron, Ascaris suum, Strongylus ransomi, Trichuris. suis y el orden Strongylida. Se concluye que existe una prevalencia moderada de parásitos gastrointestinales en los municipios bajo estudio, lo que sugiere la posible transmisión de estos agentes en las poblaciones de cerdos., Swine are a species predisposed to contract gastrointestinal affections of parasitic origin, this will not only affect the animal but also becomes a potential risk to human health due to the transmission of zoonotic diseases. Pigs raised on backyard farms are more susceptible to developing infections due to the poor hygienic conditions that this type of holding has. In the department of Santander, Colombia, 87% of the pigs are in farms of this type, due to this, an investigation was carried out in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, with the aim of determining the prevalence and risk factors of gastrointestinal and pulmonary helminths in porcine backyard productions. In the study 279 fecal samples obtained proportionally from 32 farms distributed in the 4 municipalities were evaluated. For the parasitological study, the samples were analyzed using the Centrifugation-Float and MacMaster techniques. Data on age, sex, height, type of diet and deworming program were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi-square test, to establish comparisons between variables and Odds Ratio to determine risk factors. The results obtained indicate an overall prevalence per farm of 71.8 and 22.9% at the individual level. The most frequent parasites were, Ascaris suum, Strongylus ransomi, Trichuris. suis and the Strongylida order. It is concluded that there is a moderate prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in the municipalities under study, which suggests the possible transmission of these agents in pig populations., Pregrado, Médico Veterinario, 1 ed., 1. Introducción.................................................................................................... 14 2. Planteamiento del Problema.......................................................................... 15 3. Justificación.................................................................................................. 17 4. Marco Teórico............................................................................................ 19 4.1. Producción Traspatio................................................................................... 19 4.2. Parásitos Gastrointestinales en Porcinos de importancia Veterinaria........ 20 4.2.1. Ascaris suum....................................................................................... 21 4.2.2. Strongylus ransomi...................................................................................... 24 4.2.3. Trichuris suis............................................................................................... 27 4.2.4. Strongylida................................................................................................. 30 4.3. Pruebas coprológicas para la detección de helmintos............................... 31 4.3.1. Método Flotación – Centrifugación. .............................................................. 31 4.3.2. Prueba McMaster .......................................................................................... 32 5. Estado del Arte.................................................................................................... 34 5.1. Situación en Colombia. ........................................................................................ 34 5.2. Situación a Nivel Mundial ................................................................................... 35 6. Hipótesis.......................................................................................................... 38 7. Objetivos................................................................................................................ 39 7.1. Objetivo General ................................................................................................. 39 7.2. Objetivos Específicos .......................................................................................... 39 8. Materiales y Métodos............................................................................................. 40 8.1. Región geográfica a estudiar........................................................................ 40 8.2. Selección y toma de muestras...................................................................... 42 8.2.1. Materiales para la toma de muestra.............................................................. 43 8.2.2. Descripción de encuesta............................................................................ 44 8.3. Actividades en el laboratorio. .............................................................................. 44 8.3.1. Materiales requeridos en el laboratorio. ......................................................... 44 8.3.2. Procedimiento técnica centrifugación – flotación .......................................... 46 8.3.3. Procedimiento técnica McMaster. ................................................................. 46 8.4. Análisis Estadístico.............................................................................................. 47 8.4.1. Tamaño de muestra.. ..................................................................................... 48 9. Resultados........................................................................................................ 49 9.1. Prevalencia e intensidad de infección de parásitos según su Género......... 49 9.2. Prevalencia de parásitos según el municipio............................................. 50 9.3. Prevalencia de parásitos según el grupo etario............................................ 51 9.4. Prevalencia de parásitos según el sexo...................................................... 52 9.5. Prevalencia de parásitos según altura......................................................... 53 9.6. Prevalencia de parásitos según programa de desparasitación.......................... 54 9.7. Prevalencia de parásitos según el tipo de alimentación................................. 54 9.8. Factores de riesgos en porcinos traspatio...................................................... 55 10. Discusión....................................................................................................... 57 11. Conclusiones..................................................................................................... 60 Referencias Bibliográficas..................................................................................... 61

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 57 años trabajadora de un centro de salud con dolor crónico desde hace 3 años que se acrecentó durante el último mes. Los exámenes imagenológicos de TC y RM indican destrucción de cuerpos vertebrales D11-D12. El diagnóstico final fue enfermedad de Pott. Se inicia tratamiento respondiendo satisfactoriamente, después de haber presentado RAFA hepática. Debido a que el diagnóstico de tuberculosis en nuestro medio es prevalente, se realizó este reporte para llamar la atención de la necesidad de una alta sospecha, lograr una detección y tratamiento oportunos, y el consiguiente impacto sobre la morbilidad y complicaciones de esta enfermedad. PALABRAS CLAVE: Tuberculosis de la columna vertebral, enfermedad de Pott, personal de salud. (Fuente DeCS BIREME) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rmt.2020.v15i02.07

Resumen tomado de la publicación Análisis de la estructura e invarianza factorial de la Escala Multidimensional de Ambientalismo (EMA). Antecedentes: la mayoría de los estudios que miden actitudes ambientales utilizan una medida unidimensional de pro/anti-ambientalismo como la escala NPE. Sin embargo, investigaciones recientes han mostrado la adecuación de enfoques multidimensionales al medir las relaciones complejas entre las personas y el entorno natural, particularmente sobre una base cultural. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo probar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Multidimensional de Ambientalismo (EMA) y, en particular, su invarianza factorial. Método: se realizaron dos estudios. El primero evaluó la invarianza a través de dos enfoques diferentes (análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo y método de alineamiento) en una muestra de 907 estudiantes universitarios de Argentina, India y España. El segundo estudio, llevado a cabo en México y España con 557 adultos de la población general, evaluó además la validez de criterio sobre las puntuaciones obtenidas con la EMA. Resultados: se obtiene un nivel de invarianza aceptable de la EMA entre los países considerados y según género (estudios 1 y 2), edad y nivel educativo (estudio 2). Conclusiones: los resultados apoyan un enfoque multidimensional de las actitudes ambientales, mostrando que el interés ambiental presenta distintas asociaciones según el país analizado. Ello permitirá estudiar en profundidad las diferentes conceptualizaciones del ambientalismo. ESP

ICHNO International Congress on innovative approaches in Head and Neck Oncology (7th, 2019, Barcelona, Spain)

Figure S4. Unaltered levels of BDNF and TrkB in the sciatic nerve and the spinal cord of p75NTR−/− mice. (a) Sciatic nerve cryosections from WT and p75NTR−/− mice were labeled with antibodies to detect BDNF. Bar: 10 μm. Similar levels of BDNF were detected mainly in the cell body of Schwann cells (arrowheads). Total protein samples of the sciatic nerve (b) or the spinal cord (c) from WT and p75NTR−/− mice were analyzed by Western blot using specific antibodies to detect TrkB or BDNF. The levels of β-actin and GAPDH were used as loading controls. (PDF 784 kb)

ICHNO International Congress on innovative approaches in Head and Neck Oncology (7th, 2019, Barcelona, Spain)

ICHNO International Congress on innovative approaches in Head and Neck Oncology (7th, 2019, Barcelona, Spain)

Figure S3. Three-dimensional projection of NMJs from p75NTR−/− and control mice muscles. Diaphragm muscles from 2-months-old WT and p75NTR−/− mice were stained with BTX to reveal AChR aggregates. Representative 3D images of NMJs from WT and p75NTR−/− mice. Images were obtained by processing confocal z-stack images using the Imaris software. The color map indicates the volume of NMJs, from 464 (blue) to 6374 μm3 (red). Bar: 50 μm. (PDF 1259 kb)

Figure S1. Gross NMJ organization of the LAL muscle from p75NTR−/− and control mice. Whole-mounts of LAL muscles of 2 months old WT and p75NTR−/− mice were stained to reveal presynaptic motor terminals (2H3 plus SV2 antibodies, red), postsynaptic AChRs (BTX, green) and terminal Schwann cells (S-100 antibody, white). The LAL muscle is innervated by a posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve. This profile generates five different rostral (R1-R5) and two caudal (C1-C2) innervation zones. The thin caudal muscle band has two clusters of NMJs (C1 and C2), located at medial and lateral ends of the muscle. The thicker rostral muscle band bears five clusters of NMJs (R1–R5), which are arranged in two groups (R1 and R2 together and R3-R5 together) [61]. Low magnification epifluorescence images of the right hemi-LAL were reconstructed and the rostral (R1-R5) and caudal (C1-C2) innervation regions were designated. Around 50 epifluorescence images were processed using the MosaicJ plugin of ImageJ. Bar: 500 μm. (PDF 1062 kb)

La exposición a sustancias psicoactivas puede predisponer al individuo a padecer alteraciones de orden cognitivo. La atención y la memoria son las funciones que comúnmente se afectan. Objetivo: El presente estudio evaluó los niveles de atención y memoria en pacientes con trastorno por consumo de sustancia en tres centros especializados. Método: Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo con 60 participantes. La evaluación neuropsicológica se realizó con la batería Neuropsi para atención y memoria. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva con frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: Se observó que la población investigada presentó un mayor deterioro en el área de memoria con un 70% y en la atención 33.3% de déficit. La memoria de trabajo se encuentra conservada en la mayoría de participantes. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que el deterioro cognitivo en los niveles de atención y memoria están presentes en sujetos con trastorno por consumo de sustancias, siendo la memoria la función más afectada. The exposure to psychoactive substances may predispose the individual to suffer alterations cognitive order. Attention and memory are the functions that are commonly affected. Objetive: The present study evaluated the levels of attention and memory in patients with use disorder by substance use in three specialized centers. Method: It is an exploratory-descriptive study with a 60 participants. The neuropsychological evaluation was performed with the Neuropsi battery for attention and memory. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics with frequencies and percentages. Results: In this case was observed that the researched population showed a greater deterioration in the area of memory with a 70% of alteration, while in the attention was evidenced 33.3% of deficit. Working memory is preserved in most of the population. Conclusions: The results indicate that cognitive deterioration in attention and memory levels are present in subjects with substance use disorder being the memory the most affected function. There was not a considerable relationship between the time of consumption and cognitive damage. Cuenca

El Cubío del Escalón es una pequeña cueva localizada en Matienzo, Cantabria, donde en el año 2009 se hallaron algunos restos humanos. Una intervención arqueológica cuatro años más tarde documentó los restos de un mínimo de seis individuos, cinco adultos y un niño. Prácticamente todos los huesos se encontraban en mal estado de conservación, debido a las remociones que el yacimiento había sufrido. Junto con los restos óseos, se recogieron unas pocas piezas de sílex, cerámica y fauna. Este sitio se encaja dentro de cierto modelo de cueva sepulcral que se usaba con frecuencia en el Calcolítico y la Edad del Bronce. El estudio de los yacimientos funerarios de ese periodo en Cantabria ha determinado que 55% de los mismos poseen una boca de menos de 2,5 m de ancho y su anchura media es inferior a los 3,5 m. Sin embargo, dentro de una diversidad de prácticas sepulcrales, en el mismo periodo también se utilizaban cavidades grandes, aunque las inhumaciones en cueva conocidas seguramente corresponderían a una parte pequeña de la población, por lo que podrían existir otros ritos.

Fixed- time artificial insemination (IATF, in Spanish) in beef cattle has provided the use of genetically superior bulls in order to maximize the quality of calves. However, implementing this reproductive technique has proved to be difficult to apply in heifers nursing calves for several months of lactancy. An immediate solution to fertility decline of cattle includes the use of hormones. Some hormonal treatments have been developed which are able to control the moment of the first artificial insemination (IA) and the following inseminations in non- pregnant heifers as well as for the treatment of anestrus. The objective of this work was to evaluate two protocols with prolonged proestrus performing artificial insemination at fixed time at 60 or 72 hours in dual purpose cattle from the Ecuadorian Amazon. The study was held from October 2015 to October 2016. A total of 226 multiparious Brows Swiss cattle with nursing calves were inseminated at 60 (T1, n=115) and at 72 (T2, n=111) hours after removing the progesterone device., The conception rate for T1 was 61% (70/115) and for T2: 47% of pregnancy (52/111), showing significant differences (p≤0.05). The estrus was expressed on average by 70.8%, with no significant difference between the protocols (P = 3.15, p≥0.082), for T1 it was 76% (87/115) and for T2 of 65%. The follicular growth at the withdrawal of the progesterone device (T1: 9.53 ± 0.11 mm, T2: 9.87 ± 0.12 mm), the IATF (T1: 12.3 ± 0.12 mm; T2: 11.9 ± 0.12 mm), and the corpus luteum size (T1: 23.1 0.14±mm; T2:22.8 0.15 ±mm) did not show significant differences p≥0.5 between both protocols. It was concluded that both protocols did not show significant differences regarding follicular development at the time of withdrawal of the IATF device and the size of the corpus luteum size measured at day seven after withdrawal. However, the pregnancy rate was higher for the 60-hour protocol. La inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo (IATF) en ganado bovino ha permitido el uso de toros genéticamente superiores para maximizar la calidad de los terneros producidos. Sin embargo, la implementación de esta técnica reproductiva dificulta su aplicación en hembras bovinas que están con cría al pie durante varios meses de lactancia. Una solución inmediata a la disminución de la fertilidad en vacas incluye la utilización de hormonas. Se ha desarrollado una serie de tratamientos hormonales que es capaz de controlar el momento de la primera inseminación artificial (IA) y las inseminaciones posteriores en vacas no preñadas y para el tratamiento de vacas en anestro. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar dos protocolos con proestro prolongado con inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo (IATF) a las 60 o 72 horas, en vacas doble propósito de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana. El trabajo se realizó desde octubre de 2015 a octubre de 2016. Se inseminaron 226 vacas multíparas cruzas Pardo Suizo con cría al pie, a las 60 (T1, n=115) y 72 (T2, n= 111) horas de retirado el dispositivo con progesterona (0,5g). La tasa de concepción para T1 fue del 61% (70/115) y para T2: el 47% de preñez (52/111), con diferencias significativas (p≤0,05). El celo en promedio fue de 70,8%, sin diferencia significativa entre tratamientos (P=3,15; p≥0,082), para T1 fue del 76% y para T2 del 65%. El crecimiento folicular al retiro del dispositivo con progesterona (T1: 9,53±0,11 mm; T2: 9,87± 0,12 mm), la IATF (T1: 12,3±0,12 mm; T2: 11,9±0,12 mm) y el tamaño del cuerpo lúteo (T1: 23,1±0,14 mm; T2: 22,8± 0,15 mm)), no mostraron diferencias significativas entre ambos protocolos (p≥0,05). Ambos tratamientos no mostraron diferencias significativas para el desarrollo folicular al momento del retiro del dispositivo de IATF y en el tamaño del cuerpo lúteo medido al día siete posterior a la misma. La tasa de preñez fue superior para el protocolo de 60 horas.

La presente investigación titulada: “El control interno y la gestión administrativa del Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, 2017”, tuvo como objetivo general determinar si el control interno se relaciona positivamente con la gestión administrativa del Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión del Callao, en el periodo 2017. El tipo de investigación según su finalidad fue básica, de nivel correlacional, de enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental transversal o transeccional. La población estuvo conformada por 286 empleados públicos pertenecientes a los regímenes de los Decretos Legislativos 276 y 1057, que realizan labores administrativas en el Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión del Callao, la muestra fue de 165 empleados públicos administrativos y el muestreo fue de tipo probabilístico. La técnica empleada para recolectar información fue la encuesta y el instrumento de recolección de datos, fue el cuestionario, debidamente validado a través de juicio de expertos y determinado su confiabilidad a través del estadístico Alfa de Cronbach. Se llegó a la conclusión que existe una correlación positiva débil (Rho= ,309) y significativa (p valor=0,00) que es menor a 0,05, entre el control interno y la gestión administrativa del Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión del Callao, en el periodo 2017. Lima Norte Escuela de Posgrado Control administrativo

Selfie soft biometrics has great potential for various applications ranging from marketing, security and online banking. However, it faces many challenges since there is limited control in data acquisition conditions. This chapter presents a Super-Resolution-Convolutional Neural Networks (SRCNNs) approach that increases the resolution of low quality periocular iris images cropped from selfie images of subject's faces. This work shows that increasing image resolution (2x and 3x) can improve the sex-classification rate when using a Random Forest classifier. The best sex-classification rate was 90.15% for the right and 87.15% for the left eye. This was achieved when images were upscaled from 150x150 to 450x450 pixels. These results compare well with the state of the art and show that when improving image resolution with the SRCNN the sex-classification rate increases. Additionally, a novel selfie database captured from 150 subjects with an iPhone X was created (available upon request)., Comment: Pre-print version accepted to be published On Selfie Biometrics Book-2019

Resumen Gracias a su débil polaridad y gran área superficial, los soportes de carbón activado tienen el potencial de aumentar la dispersión de los sulfuros metálicos. La ausencia de una interacción fuerte metal-soporte puede conducir a la formación de una fase Ni-Mo-S muy activa y estable. En este estudio se prepararon catalizadores por el método de co-impregnación, con diferentes cantidades de níquel y molibdeno y soportados sobre carbón activado comercial, y se caracterizaron por técnicas BET, XRF y SEM. Se evaluó su actividad catalítica para el hidroprocesamiento de aceite de Jatropha utilizando un reactor por lotes, y se determinó la composición de los productos líquidos y gaseosos. Los resultados mostraron que los productos gaseosos están compuestos principalmente de grandes cantidades de propano y pequeñas cantidades de otros hidrocarburos livianos (C1 a C5). Los hidrocarburos líquidos fueron principalmente una mezcla de n-parafinas de C15-C18 y de algunos compuestos oxigenados. Los catalizadores presentaron una fracción de masa de 3 % Ni, 15 % Mo (Ni3Mo15/AC) y mayor selectividad hacia hidrocarburos C17-C18, con una distribución de productos similar al catalizador Ni-Mo-S soportado en alúmina comercial. Abstract Due to their weak polarity and large surface area, activated carbon supports have the potential to enhance the dispersion of metal-sulfides. It is expected that the absence of a strong metal-support interaction can result in the formation of a very active and stable Ni-Mo-S phase. In this study, catalysts with different amounts of nickel and molybdenum supported on a commercial activated carbon were prepared by a co-impregnation method and characterized by BET, XRF, and SEM techniques. The catalytic activity for hydroprocessing of Jatropha oil was evaluated in a batch reactor, and the composition of the liquid and gaseous products were determined. Results showed that gaseous products are mainly composed of high amounts of propane and small amounts of other light hydrocarbons (C1 to C5). Liquid hydrocarbon products consisted of a mixture containing mainly n-paraffins of C15-C18 and some oxygenated compounds. The catalysts with a mass fraction of 3 % Ni, 15 % Mo (Ni3Mo15/AC) presented the highest selectivity toward C17-C18 hydrocarbons, with a product distribution similar to a commercial alumina-supported Ni-Mo-S catalyst. Resumo Devido a sua baixa polaridade e amplia área superficial, os suportes de carvão ativado possuem o potencial de aumentar a dispersão de sulfetos metálicos. A ausência de uma forte interação suporte-metal pode levar a formação de uma fase Ni-Mo-S muito ativa e estável. Neste estudo, foram preparados catalizadores com diferentes teores de níquel e molibdênio suportados em carvão ativado comercial por um método de co-impregnação e caracterizados pelas técnicas BET, XRF e SEM. A atividade catalítica foi avaliada para o hidroprocessamento do óleo de Jatropha em um reator por lotes, e se determinou a composição dos produtos líquidos e gasosos. Os resultados mostraram que os produtos gasosos são compostos principalmente por altos teores de propano e pequenos teores de outros hidrocarbonos leves (C1-C5). Os hidrocarbonos líquidos consistiram de uma mistura contendo principalmente n-parafinas de C15-C18 e alguns compostos oxigenados. Os catalizadores apresentaram uma fração de massa de 3 % Ni, 15 % Mo (Ni3Mo15/AC) e uma maior seletividade em relação aos hidrocarbonos C17-C18, com uma distribuição de produtos similar ao catalizador comercial Ni-Mo-S suportado em alumina.

La actividad física juega un papel importante en el desarrollo de los niños. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar según estado nutricional y frecuencia de actividad física la imagen corporal, autoestima, riesgo cardio-metabólico y rendimiento físico de niños. Se estudió 208 niños de 11,9±1,2 años de edad, 115 hombres y 93 mujeres. Quedaron divididos según frecuencia de actividad física a la semana: El Grupo 1 (n= 87) no realizan; Grupo 2 (n= 64) realizan 1 o 2 veces/semana; Grupo 3 (n= 57), realizan 3 o 4 veces/semana. Se observó que 51 niños presentaron sobrepeso y 40 de ellos obesidad. Los niños que realizan 3 o 4 veces actividad física/semana, presentaron menor preocupación por su imagen corporal y puntajes superiores en autoestima, ambas con significancia estadística (p

En el año 2002 por medio del acuerdo 003 del 13 de marzo de 2002, se crea en la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, la carrera de Licenciatura en Comunicación e Informática Educativa. El origen de esta se dio por incomodidades en el anterior programa llamado Licenciatura en Español y comunicación Audiovisual, pues su estructura curricular, formaba profesionales de ramas del conocimiento muy amplias, y esto no les permitía tener un foco de profesionalización. Hoy en día se vive un momento muy similar al que le dio origen a la actual Licenciatura en Comunicación e Informática Educativa, pero esta vez la reformulación curricular se debe al decreto 2450 de 2015, por el cual se reglamentan las condiciones de calidad para el otorgamiento y renovación del registro de calificado de los programas Académicos de Licenciatura y los enfocados a la Educación, lo cual trae repercusiones drásticas, como el hecho de repensar el programa, en aras de ajustarse a los estándares propuestos por el MEN, y a su vez re-diseñar un perfil profesional y un currículo que se responda a las necesidades sociales que han surgido con la revolución de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Comunicación y la Información. La LCIE, se planteó como un programa de formación de profesionales bajo la mirada de seis áreas de conocimiento, las cuales son el Área de Comunicación, Tecnología, Pedagogía, Ética y formación ciudadana, Investigación formativa y un Área de Contexto (electiva), lo cual representó un reto importante para la docencia, pues el hecho de hacer confluir en la academia la comunicación y la pedagogía, mediado por las tecnologías, requería de distintos factores (evaluaciones, recursos, propuestas extracurriculares) para la creación de ambientes de aprendizaje que respondiesen a las necesidades del perfil profesional

Tesis (Cirujano Dentista) Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de MOPs en la aceleración del movimiento dentario ortodóncico en ratas adultas. Materiales y Métodos: Un total de 16 ratas Sprague-Dawley machos adultas de 32 semanas de edad fueron analizados en esta investigación. En cada rata se instalaron aparatos ortodóncicos en el maxilar superior. La fuerza se aplicó por medio de un coil de Nitilol ubicado entre el 1º molar superior e incisivo central superior, utilizando una fuerza de 25 gr. El lado izquierdo fue sometido a MDO + MOPs, la cual fue analizada y comparada con el lado derecho, que fue sometido solo a MDO. Las 16 ratas fueron agrupadas según día de experimentación en días 7, 14, 21 y 28. Resultados: El lado MOP fue el que tuvo mayor movimiento y velocidad las primeras dos semanas, pero a partir del día 21 el lado experimental tuvo una desaceleración, mientras que el lado control tuvo mayor movimiento y velocidad. Ninguno de los cambios fue estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: El tratamiento de MOPs es capaz de aumentar la velocidad del MDO en ratas adultas en las tres primeras semanas de aplicar el estímulo, pero no es estadísticamente significativo en períodos cortos de tiempo. Se hace necesaria la intervención periódica de perforaciones para reactivar el Fenómeno Aceleratorio Regional. Objective: To determine the effect of MOPs on the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement in adult rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 Adult Sprague-Dawley rats of 32 weeks of age were analyzed in this investigation. In each rat orthodontic appliances were installed in the upper jaw. The force was applied by means of a coil of Nitilol located between the upper 1 molar and upper central incisor, using a force of 25 gr. The left side was subjected to ODM + MOPs, which was analyzed and compared with the right side, which was only subjected to ODM. The 16 rats were grouped according to day of experimentation on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Results: The MOP side was the one that had the most movement and speed during the first two weeks, but from day 21 the experimental side had a deceleration, while the control side had more movement and speed. None of the changes was statistically significant. Conclusions: The treatment of MOPs is able to increase the speed of the ODM in adult rats in the first two weeks of applying the stimulus, but it is not statistically significant in short periods of time. Periodic intervention of perforations is necessary to reactivate the Regional Accelerator Phenomenon.

ObjectivesTo test a new cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) program designed for use by nonclinicians.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingDepartment of Veterans Affairs healthcare system.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling veterans aged 60 and older who met diagnostic criteria for insomnia of 3 months duration or longer (N = 159).InterventionNonclinician "sleep coaches" delivered a five-session manual-based CBT-I program including stimulus control, sleep restriction, sleep hygiene, and cognitive therapy (individually or in small groups), with weekly telephone behavioral sleep medicine supervision. Controls received five sessions of general sleep education.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes, including self-reported (7-day sleep diary) sleep onset latency (SOL-D), wake after sleep onset (WASO-D), total wake time (TWT-D), and sleep efficiency (SE-D); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); and objective sleep efficiency (7-day wrist actigraphy, SE-A) were measured at baseline, at the posttreatment assessment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Additional measures included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)), and quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short-form Survey version 2 (SF-12v2)).ResultsIntervention subjects had greater improvement than controls between the baseline and posttreatment assessments, the baseline and 6-month assessments, and the baseline and 12-month assessments in SOL-D (-23.4, -15.8, and -17.3 minutes, respectively), TWT-D (-68.4, -37.0, and -30.9 minutes, respectively), SE-D (10.5%, 6.7%, and 5.4%, respectively), PSQI (-3.4, -2.4, and -2.1 in total score, respectively), and ISI (-4.5, -3.9, and -2.8 in total score, respectively) (all P < .05). There were no significant differences in SE-A, PHQ-9, or SF-12v2.ConclusionManual-based CBT-I delivered by nonclinician sleep coaches improves sleep in older adults with chronic insomnia.

La rehabilitación de Castellana 77 persigue transformar al edificio en un nuevo emblema del patrimonio arquitectónico y en un símbolo de regeneración urbana sostenible.

En el contexto de la globalización y de la sociedad del conocimiento, el acelerado desarrollo de las tecnologías de información y comunicación, las grandes transformaciones políticas, sociales, económicas, culturales, demográficas, las nuevas relaciones sociales y profesionales modifican a la sociedad en general y a la universidad en particular. Como institución, la universidad está pasando por una serie de cambios sustanciales y paradigmáticos que la obligan a definir o redefinir sus áreas fuertes y sus fines, afectando tanto a sus procesos de gestión como al ejercicio de su misión fundamental: docencia, investigación y extensión universitaria. Por otro lado la universidad está sufriendo una importante transformación en su forma de organización tradicional que altera su marco de gobierno y la relación de poder modificando sus organigramas (gobierno interno, toma de decisiones), el grado de rigidez o flexibilidad de sus estructuras (facultades, centros, departamentos) para hacer frente al cambio y responder su función social. Estos, son temas que desde hace años atrás ocupan un lugar relevante en las agendas de las I ES y de los gobiernos de turno, que en muchos casos, han obligado a las universidades a "repensarse a sí mismas" y a redefinir sus estructuras organizativas para responder a las nuevas demandas sociales. En este contexto la presente investigación estudia la reforma interna de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana — Ecuador, institución cuya naturaleza organizativa es multisedes y tiene presencia en el contexto nacional (Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca). En el trascurso de sus 21 años de vida institucional ha ido modificando su estructura académica: en un primer período estaba organizada con facultades en cada una de las sedes; luego se unificaron las facultades a nivel nacional; a partir del año 2008, se eliminó las facultades y se implementó un modelo de gestión académica por áreas del conocimiento, que buscaba constituirse en ejes dinamizadores y articuladores de las funciones universitarias. El objetivo de esta investigación se centra en analizar el actual sistema organizativo y la repercusión en la gestión académica desde la perspectiva de docentes y directivos implicados en la reforma. De manera específica indaga la repercusión de la reforma en las unidades de gestión académica y en las funciones universitarias: docencia, investigación y extensión; busca comprender las implicaciones en el ejercicio directivo de quienes ocupan funciones a nivel de gobierno o en instancias académicas nacionales; e identificar elementos que contribuyan a la mejora de la gestión académica. La investigación se realiza como un estudio intrínseco de casos considerando la particularidad de la UPS. Para ello se realizó un trabajo de campo recogiendo las opiniones de personas o agentes implicados a través de un cuestionario de opinión (docentes), grupos de discusión (directores de carrera) y entrevistas semiestructuradas (directivos con cargos nacionales), completando el proceso con el análisis documental. El propósito no es la generación de teoría ni la generalización de las conclusiones. Sin embargo, el estudio y análisis resulta de interés para señalar aspectos fuertes y débiles de dicha reestructuración y a partir de los resultados en la medida de lo posible sugerir propuestas de mejora. Los conceptos de reforma, reorganización, reestructuración, semánticamente suelen ser “seductores” y generan expectativas demasiado altas, sin embargo, los resultados evidencian que éstas no suceden por decretos o resoluciones; es clave que la comunidad universitaria tenga claro los propósitos, que la institución cuente con estrategias claras, fases y tiempos determinados y sobre todo la firme voluntad política de líderes y autoridades con el compromiso de la comunidad académica en general, de lo contrario, condicionamientos internos o externos, debilitarán los planteamientos iniciales de la reforma regresando a las inercias institucionales que se buscaban superar., In the context of great social, political, economic and cultural transformations, the university attends to a number of paradigmatic changes, which affect both its management processes and its mission, in some cases obliging it to check its traditional way of organization, to redefine the government framework and the flexibility of its structures (faculties, centers, departments). In this framework, the research analyzes the reform of the Universidad Politecnica Salesiana — (Ecuador), which its organizational nature is multi-sites and has presence in the national context (Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca) that since the year 2008 eliminated the faculties and implemented a model of academic management by knowledge areas that would be dynamic and articulated axes of the university functions. The general objective of this research is to analyze the repercussion of the reform in the academic management from the perspective of teachers and directors. The specific objectives are: to analyze the repercussion in the academic management units and the university functions: teaching, research and extension; to understand the implications in the exercise directive of who hold national functions at government level and academic instances; to identify elements that contribute to improve the academic management. The research is carried out as an intrinsic case study, considering the UPS particular feature. Therefore, fieldwork was carried out through an opinion questionnaire applied to teachers, discussion groups with careers directors and interviews to directors with national positions, by completing the process with documental analysis. The purpose is not the generation of theory nor the generalization of its findings. Nevertheless, the study shows great interest to point out strong and weak aspects of such restructuration and in base of its results to suggest proposals for improvement.

Este criminal comercio afecta y daña el recurso fundamental de la humanidad, el ser humano. De nada vale la tecnología, las máquinas, ni la ciencia, ni los cohetes, ni nada, si no hay el humano que los opere. El ser humano es el tesoro real de las organizaciones y las drogas se enfocan especialmente a destruirlo. Nadie en este país ni en el mundo podrá decir que una persona que consume sustancias alcaloides, cualquier tipo de droga, en su comportamiento diario como profesional, como obrero, como ciudadano, puede ser mejor que una persona que no está bajo el influjo de los narcóticos.

GM069962, NIH, National Institutes of Health, This study was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación grants BFU2009-07501 and BFU2010-15674 (CS), and the NIH grant GM069962 (FWP). Joan Manils and Diana Gómez are recipients of predoctoral fellowships, respectively, from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and the Universitat de Barcelona, Manils, J., Gómez, D., Salla-Martret, M., Fischer, H., Fye, J.M., Marzo, E., Marruecos, L., Serrano, I., Salgado, R., Rodrigo, J.P., Garcia-Pedrero, J.M., Serafin, A.M., Cañas, X., Benito, C., Toll, A., Forcales, S.-V., Perrino, F.W., Eckhart, L., Soler, C.