2,060 results on '"Theiler A"'
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2. Long-term supplementation with 3200 to 4000 IU of vitamin D daily and adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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Armin Zittermann, Christian Trummer, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, and Stefan Pilz
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Purpose The upper tolerable intake level for vitamin D in the general population has been set at 4000 international units (IU) daily, but considerable uncertainty remains. We summarized reported harmful effects of a daily vitamin D supplement of 3200–4000 IU in trials lasting ≥ 6 months. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in several databases and identified 22 trials reporting safety data. Parameters of calcium metabolism, falls, hospitalization, and mortality were assessed. Results The selected trials comprised a total number of 12,952 participants. All trials used supplemental vitamin D3. The relative risk (RR) of hypercalcemia in the vitamin D vs. control arm was 2.21 (95%CI: 1.26–3.87; 10 studies), with a vitamin D-induced frequency of hypercalcemia of 4 cases per 1000 individuals. Subgroup analysis in trials with > 100 and ≤ 100 study participants revealed an RR of 2.63 (95%CI: 1.30–5.30; 7 studies) and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.24–2.62; 3 studies), respectively (Pinteraction = 0.06). Risks of falls and hospitalization were also significantly increased in the vitamin D arm with an RR of 1.25 (95%CI: 1.01–1.55; 4 studies) and 1.16 (95%CI: 1.01–1.33; 7 studies), respectively. Risks of hypercalciuria, kidney stones, and mortality did not differ significantly between study arms. Quality assessment revealed high risk of incomplete reporting of safety-related outcome data. Conclusion Supplemental vitamin D doses of 3200–4000 IU/d appear to increase the risk of hypercalcemia and some other adverse events in a small proportion of individuals, indicating that this dose is not completely safe. In future studies, rigorous reporting of safety-related outcomes is needed when using moderately high doses of vitamin D. more...
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- 2023
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3. Physics-Guided Data-Driven Seismic Inversion: Recent progress and future opportunities in full-waveform inversion
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Youzuo Lin, James Theiler, and Brendt Wohlberg
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Applied Mathematics ,Signal Processing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Published
- 2023
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4. The incidence of self-harm ingestions in adolescents and young adults at a tertiary care center
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Daniel J. McCabe, Haley M. Egan, and Carly A. Theiler
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Emergency Medicine ,General Medicine - Abstract
There has been an increasing incidence of self-harm attempts in recent years in the United States. Particularly concerning, there has been a growing trend of self-harm in the adolescent and young adult population. In order to inform initiatives to address this trend, risk factors and substances used for self-harm need to be clarified.This is a descriptive retrospective observational study on all cases of self-harm poisoning in patients between the ages of 12 and 25 years reported at the state's only tertiary care center from January 2019 through March 2022.There was an increased incidence of 69% for self-harm poisonings for all ages and a 90% increase in ages 12-17 years between the years 2019 and 2021. Fifty percent of all cases occurred in patients aged 14-17 years, 69% were female, and 22% required an intensive care unit. The top three most common substances used are available without a prescription.There was a persistent increase in self-harm attempts via poisoning throughout the study period with a particularly vulnerable period in the adolescent age group. more...
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- 2023
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5. Histopathological features of pemphigoid gestationis and polymorphic eruption of pregnancy: A blinded retrospective comparative study of 31 cases
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Farah Baban, Fangyi Xie, Julia S. Lehman, Regan Theiler, Austin Todd, Dawn M. Davis, and Emma F. Johnson
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Histology ,Dermatology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) and polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP) are pregnancy-related dermatoses. Definitive diagnosis often relies upon histopathology and direct immunofluorescence (DIF). PG is associated with fetal and neonatal risks, while PEP confers minimal risk.We aimed to compare histopathologic features to determine key differentiators.A retrospective cohort study of PG and PEP cases, with accompanying DIF, conducted from 1995 to 2020. Skin biopsies were examined independently in a blinded fashion by two dermatopathologists for a list of histopathological features.Twenty-one cases of PG and 10 cases of PEP were identified. PG had significantly denser eosinophils than PEP (mean 155 vs. 48 cells/5 hpf; p 0.018). PG was also noted to have eosinophilic spongiosis and eosinophils at the dermal-epidermal junction more frequently compared to PEP (80% PG vs. 10% PEP; p 0.001). A mean cutoff value of 86 eosinophils and a mean optimal sensitivity and specificity of 81% and 83%, respectively, for eosinophils density's diagnostic power of PEP versus PG were achieved. Subepithelial separation was exclusively seen in PG (40% vs. 0%; p 0.007).Eosinophilic spongiosis, eosinophilic epitheliotropism, and dense superficial dermal eosinophils were diagnostic of PG. Given overlapping clinicopathologic features, however, DIF results with clinicopathologic correlation, remain the gold standard. more...
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- 2022
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6. The X-Point radiating regime at ASDEX Upgrade and TCV
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Bernert, M., Wiesen, S., Février, O., Kallenbach, A., Koenders, J.T.W., Sieglin, B., Bosman, T.O.S.J., Kool, B., van Berkel, M., Wijkamp, T.A., Stroth, U., Brida, D., Cavedon, M., David, P., Dunne, M.G., Henderson, S., Lunt, T., McDermott, R.M., Pan, O., Perek, A., Reimerdes, H., Sheikh, U., Theiler, C., Wischmeier, M., Team, EUROfusionMST1, team, TCV, Team, ASDEXUpgrade, Bernert, M, Wiesen, S, Fevrier, O, Kallenbach, A, Koenders, J, Sieglin, B, Stroth, U, Bosman, T, Brida, D, Cavedon, M, David, P, Dunne, M, Henderson, S, Kool, B, Lunt, T, Mcdermott, R, Pan, O, Perek, A, Reimerdes, H, Sheikh, U, Theiler, C, van Berkel, M, Wijkamp, T, Wischmeier, M, Group Heemels, Control Systems Technology, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Fluids and Flows, EUROfusion MST1 Team, TCV Team, and ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society more...
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Radiative scenario ,operation ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,X-point radiation ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Divertor detachment ,Power exhaust ,Radiative scenarios ,marfe - Abstract
Future fusion reactors require a safe, steady-state divertor operation. With deep divertor detachment, which is typically induced by impurity seeding, the radiation concentrates in a small region at the X-point or on closed flux surfaces above the X-point. This so-called X-point radiator (XPR) moves further inside the confined region with increasing seeding and the location can be actively controlled. At AUG, the parameter space for operation with an XPR was significantly extended, using active feedback on the XPR location. The XPR is observed in nearly the whole operational space of AUG in the high-densities or high collisionality regime. ELM suppression is consistently observed in all cases where the XPR was moved to a significant height above the X-point. Direct measurements of density and temperature from the region around the XPR using the new divertor Thomson scattering system at AUG indicate that the temperature at the location of the XPR remains high (>30eV) and only the region towards the X-point cools down further. In this cold XPR core, the temperature reduces to about 1eV. An XPR is also observed in TCV by the injection of nitrogen as extrinsic impurity. This highlights that the wall material (W for AUG, C for TCV) or machine size does not play a significant role for the existence of the regime. However, the scenario appears to be less stable in TCV. First experiments show the necessity of an active control for the XPR: Depending on the wall conditions and the nitrogen wall storage, the required nitrogen seeding level to achieve an XPR changes. Both, the low temperatures measured radially outside of the radiation zone at AUG, and the lower stability of the XPR regime at TCV with the presence of carbon are consistent with the predictions of a one-dimensional model of the XPR. However, the model would predict the development of the cold XPR core, and significant radiation at the X-point might already exist before reaching this cold temperature solution. more...
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- 2023
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7. Evidenz körperlicher Trainings-programme zur Sturzprävention bei älteren Menschen
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Huberty, Sarah, Mattle, Michèle, Theiler, Robert, Freystätter, Gregor, University of Zurich, and Freystätter, Gregor
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11221 Clinic for Geriatric Medicine ,610 Medicine & health ,2700 General Medicine ,General Medicine - Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass körperliche Trainingsprogramme das Sturzrisiko bei zuhause lebenden Personen über 65 Jahre um 23–42% senken. Dies trifft vor allem auf Trainingsprogramme zu, die funktionelle Aspekte sowie Gleichgewicht und Krafttraining enthalten. Die optimale Stundenanzahl beträgt laut aktueller Studienlage mindestens drei pro Woche. Zunehmende Evidenz zeigt, dass Trainingsprogramme mit einem Fokus auf funktionelle Aspekte die Sturzhäufigkeit besonders effektiv senken. Unter funktionellem Training versteht man Übungen, die gezielt alltägliche Situationen nachstellen und unter Einbezug des eigenen Körpergewichts mit Gewichten oder anderen Hilfsmitteln ausgeführt werden. more...
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- 2022
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8. Overview UV Curing, Good Polymerization Process
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Mathias Theiler
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- 2022
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9. Numerical study of divertor detachment in TCV H-mode scenarios
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Yang, H., Ciraolo, G., Février, O., Galassi, D., Bucalossi, J., Bufferand, H., Gorno, S., Henderson, S., Reimerdes, H., Theiler, C., Bagnato, F., Falchetto, G., Fedorczak, N., Rivals, N., Tamain, P., CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), and UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) more...
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H-mode ,plasma physics ,nitrogen seeding ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph] ,detachment ,numerical modelling ,divertor closure - Abstract
The effect of divertor closure and nitrogen on the detachment process has been studied by performing 2D numerical simulations of TCV H-mode divertor scenarios with SOLEDGE3X-EIRENE edge plasma transport code. The outcomes reveal that: In the cases with only deuterium gas fuelling, there exists a divertor neutral pressure threshold about 0.76 Pa for detachment, despite the difference in divertor closure. Nitrogen can cool the target temperature with little effect on the upstream density and momentum loss but drops the upstream pressure, leading to a decrease in the target particle flux and divertor neutral pressure. Furthermore, when the radiation front starts to move up from the outer target, the peak parallel heat flux level at the outer target remains approximately the same (about 2.3 MW/m²), despite the difference in nitrogen seeding and divertor closure. An empirical partial detachment qualifier calibrated on AUG experimental data was compared with the TCV simulations. The results show good agreement in detachment state prediction, indicating the potential of this detachment qualifier to be applied in devices of different sizes, emphasizing the combined influence of input power entering the divertor, neutral pressure, and the concentration and species of impurity in achieving divertor detachment. more...
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- 2023
10. Automatic Levothyroxine Dosing Algorithm for Patients Suffering from Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
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Reichhartinger, Ravi Sharma, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Christian Trummer, Stefan Pilz, and Markus
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Hashimoto’s thyroiditis ,HPT-axis ,mathematical thyroid model ,discrete controller ,robust stability - Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a condition where the patient’s thyroid gland cannot produce sufficient thyroid hormones (mainly triiodothyronine and thyroxine). The primary cause of hypothyroidism is autoimmune-mediated destruction of the thyroid gland, referred to as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. A patient’s desired thyroid hormone concentration is achieved by oral administration of thyroid hormone, usually levothyroxine. Establishing individual levothyroxine doses to achieve desired thyroid hormone concentrations requires several patient visits. Additionally, clear guidance for the dosing regimen is lacking, and significant inter-individual differences exist. This study aims to design a digital automatic dosing algorithm for patients suffering from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The dynamic behaviour of the relevant thyroid function is mathematically modelled. Methods of automatic control are exploited for the design of the proposed robust model-based levothyroxine dosing algorithm. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the mathematical model and the dosing algorithm. With the help of the developed controller thyroid hormone concentrations of patients, emulated using Thyrosim, have been regulated under the euthyroid state. The proposed concept demonstrates reliable responses amidst varying patient parameters. Our developed model provides a useful basis for the design of automatic levothyroxine dosing algorithms. The proposed robust feedback loop contributes to the first results for computer-assisted thyroid dosing algorithms. more...
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- 2023
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11. US National Institutes of Health Prioritization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants
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Turner, Sam, Alisoltani, Arghavan, Bratt, Debbie, Cohen-Lavi, Liel, Dearlove, Bethany L., Drosten, Christian, Fischer, Will M., Fouchier, Ron A.M., Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana Silvia, Jaroszewski, Lukasz, Khalil, Zain, LeGresley, Eric, Johnson, Marc, Jones, Terry C., Mühlemann, Barbara, O'Connor, David, Sedova, Mayya, Shukla, Maulik, Theiler, James, Wallace, Zachary S., Yoon, Hyejin, Zhang, Yun, van Bakel, Harm, Degrace, Marciela M., Ghedin, Elodie, Godzik, Adam, Hertz, Tomer, Korber, Bette, Lemieux, Jacob, Niewiadomska, Anna M., Post, Diane J., Rolland, Morgane, Scheuermann, Richard, Smith, Derek J., and Virology more...
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Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Epidemiology - Abstract
Since late 2020, SARS-CoV-2 variants have regularly emerged with competitive and phenotypic differences from previously circulating strains, sometimes with the potential to escape from immunity produced by prior exposure and infection. The Early Detection group is one of the constituent groups of the US National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases SARS-CoV-2 Assessment of Viral Evolution program. The group uses bioinformatic methods to monitor the emergence, spread, and potential phenotypic properties of emerging and circulating strains to identify the most relevant variants for experimental groups within the program to phenotypically characterize. Since April 2021, the group has prioritized variants monthly. Prioritization successes include rapidly identifying most major variants of SARS-CoV-2 and providing experimental groups within the National Institutes of Health program easy access to regularly updated information on the recent evolution and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 that can be used to guide phenotypic investigations. more...
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- 2023
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12. Updates on the dermatopathology of pregnancy-associated skin conditions
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Fangyi Xie, Shruti Agrawal, Emma F. Johnson, Carilyn N. Wieland, Dawn Marie R. Davis, Regan N. Theiler, and Julia S. Lehman
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Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Published
- 2023
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13. High blood pressure screening in pharmacies during May Measurement Month campaigns in Switzerland
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Aikaterini Damianaki, Kenji Theiler, Thomas Beaney, Wei Wang, Michel Burnier, and Grégoire Wuerzner
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Male ,Pharmacies ,Hypertension ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Blood Pressure ,Blood Pressure Determination ,Female ,General Medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Switzerland - Abstract
May Measurement Month (MMM) is an international screening campaign for arterial hypertension (HT) organised by the International Society of Hypertension and the World Hypertension League. It aims at raising the awareness of elevated blood pressure (BP) in the population. The goal of this analysis was to assess the results obtained in Swiss pharmacies during a 3-year campaign.Swiss data from the MMM17 to MMM19 campaigns were extracted from the global MMM database. The analysis was conducted specifically on measures taken in pharmacies. BP and a questionnaire including demographical and clinical information were recorded for each participant. To assess BP control, ESH 2018 thresholds of140/90 mmHg and ESH 2021 pharmacy-thresholds of135/85 mmHg were used.From an initial sample of 3634 Swiss participants included during this 3-year campaign, 2567 participants (73.2%women and 26.8% men,HT screening campaigns in pharmacies recruits mainly women. It helps the detection of untreated hypertensive participants and uncontrolled treated participants. Our data suggest that the average BP should be calculated on the second and third measurements due to a significant first measure effect in pharmacies measurement. SummaryHigh blood pressure (BP) is a major global public health issue as the leading risk factor of global death.World-wide initiatives like May Measurement Month (MMM) aim to screen thousands of people each year to raise awareness of hypertension (HT).Switzerland participated in MMM 2017-2019 and screened more than 2500 participants in pharmacies.When adopting the recent proposed thresholds of HT diagnosis in pharmacies (ESH 2021 135/85 mmHg), HT prevalence in Switzerland is high (38.3%) with only 2/3 of treated hypertensive achieving the BP goals.Women are more likely to participate in such campaigns taking place in pharmacies.A first measurement effect (FME) was also present in pharmacies, highlighting that taking three BP measurements in pharmacies and discarding the first should be also considered in the pharmacy setting.Involving a routine pharmacy-based health care of patients would help to identify more hypertensive patients and uncontrolled treated patients, who may not have had access to BP measurement. more...
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- 2022
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14. Cortisol awakening response in the airborne rescue service
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D, Braun, M, Frank, L, Theiler, and K, Petrowski
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Occupational Stress ,Hydrocortisone ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Occupations ,Saliva ,Stress, Psychological ,Circadian Rhythm - Abstract
Background Work-related stress may lead to mental and physical illnesses. Emergency physicians may be particularly vulnerable to developing such diseases due to their extreme emotional working environment. Aims The purpose of the study was to analyse the hormonal stress burden of emergency physicians in the airborne rescue service to create an empirical basis for developing appropriate measures against chronic stress in the rescue service. Methods Three salivary cortisol samples were collected after awakening in 15 min intervals—each on a flight rescue day, a clinic day and a free day—to calculate the extent of the hormonal stress load of the emergency physicians. A nested linear mixed-model analysis was used in 40 cases to investigate hormonal stress. Furthermore, professional years and gender were included in the calculations. Results The mixed model showed neither a main effect for measurement time nor for day but a significant interaction effect (P = 0.002). The cortisol level rises strongly on the flight rescue and the clinic day, while on the free day it shows a moderate increase. Professional years and gender also proved to be statistically significant for the cortisol level of emergency physicians (P < 0.001). Conclusions The results show a significantly higher cortisol increase on working days compared with a free day, which indicates a stronger stress burden on working days of emergency physicians in the airborne rescue service. Future studies should examine the stress level of emergency physicians in more detail to prove whether the working conditions of emergency physicians need to be modified. more...
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- 2022
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15. Notfallausweis, Notfallmedikation und Informationsmaterial zur Prävention und Therapie der Nebennierenkrise (Addison-Krise): Ein österreichisches Konsensusdokument
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Stefan Pilz, Michael Krebs, Walter Bonfig, Wolfgang Högler, Anna Hochgerner, Greisa Vila, Christian Trummer, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Peter Wolf, Thomas Scherer, Florian Kiefer, Elke Fröhlich-Reiterer, Elena Gottardi-Butturini, Klaus Kapelari, Stefan Schatzl, Susanne Kaser, Günter Höfle, Dietmar Schiller, Vinzenz Stepan, Anton Luger, and Stefan Riedl more...
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Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Abstract
ZusammenfassungEin wichtiges Ziel bei der Behandlung der Nebenniereninsuffizienz ist die Prävention der Nebennierenkrise (auch akute Nebenniereninsuffizienz oder Addison-Krise genannt). Um in Österreich eine bessere Implementierung sowie Harmonisierung der Maßnahmen zur Prävention und Therapie der Nebennierenkrise zu erreichen, wurde dieses Konsensusdokument erarbeitet. Folgende Maßnahmen werden grundsätzlich für alle Patient*innen mit Nebenniereninsuffizienz empfohlen und in diesem Manuskript ausführlich erörtert: 1. Versorgung mit einer Notfallkarte („steroid emergency card“) sowie evtl. auch mit einem Armband oder einer Halskette (oder Ähnlichem) mit medizinischem Alarmhinweis „Nebenniereninsuffizienz, benötigt Glukokortikoide“. 2. Versorgung mit einem Hydrocortison-Notfallkit zur Injektion (alternativ auch Suppositorien/Zäpfchen zur Notfallapplikation) sowie ausreichenden oralen Glukokortikoiddosen für Stresssituationen/Erkrankungen. 3. Schulung von Patient*innen und Angehörigen zur Steigerung der Glukokortikoidtherapie in Stresssituationen bzw. bei Erkrankungen („sick day rules“) und zur Selbstinjektion von Hydrocortison. 4. Versorgung mit einer Behandlungsleitlinie (Informationszettel) zur Prävention und Therapie der Nebennierenkrise, welche bei Bedarf auch dem Gesundheitspersonal gezeigt werden soll. 5. Versorgung mit einer Notfall-Telefonnummer des behandelnden endokrinologischen Teams und/oder medizinisch geschulter Betreuungspersonen bzw. Angehöriger. 6. Regelmäßige (vorzugsweise jährliche) Wiederholung der Schulungsmaßnahmen. Dieses Konsensusdokument beinhaltet auch ausführliche Empfehlungen für die perioperative Glukokortikoidtherapie sowie für diverse andere Stresssituationen. more...
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- 2022
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16. International functionalism and democracy
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Tobias Theiler
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Sociology and Political Science ,Political Science and International Relations - Abstract
International functionalism as proposed by David Mitrany envisions non-territorial functional agencies to supplant the states system. Mitrany makes no provision for democracy in functional agencies. Instead, he assumes that the policies of international technocrats would be ‘technically self-determined’ and uncontested – a stance several critics deem antidemocratic and naive. A second, related criticism holds that even if functional agencies were formally democratic, democracy could not operate effectively since functional polities would be too ‘thin’ and fragmented to sustain democratic commitments among their members. The article qualifies the first charge and rejects the second. First, defined as an institutional decision-making principle, ‘technical self-determination’ is Mitrany’s add-on to the underlying functionalist logic, not an inseparable part of it. That logic instead holds that institutions work best if their form and scope of authority follow their function and that function-specific agencies therefore could meet some needs better than the state. Contra Mitrany, this does not privilege technocratic over democratic decision-making and it does not imply that functional agencies would be free from political conflict. Nor, second, would functional agencies necessarily be unsuitable for democracy in practice. Several strands of democratic theory suggest that even people who do not share a ‘thick’ communal identity can develop a commitment to meet shared needs democratically. If one accepts this, it loosens functionalism’s technocratic stigma, highlights its potential as a democratically viable alternative to both state-centric and supranational models of international order and broadens our conception of possible democratic futures. more...
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- 2022
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17. The role of plasma-atom and molecule interactions on power \& particle balance during detachment on the MAST Upgrade Super-X divertor
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Verhaegh, Kevin, Lipschultz, Bruce, Harrison, James, Federici, Fabio, Moulton, David, Lonigro, Nicola, Kobussen, Stijn, O'Mullane, Martin, Osborne, Nick, Ryan, Peter, Wijkamp, Tijs, Kool, Bob, Rose, Effy, Theiler, Christian, and Thornton, Andrew more...
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Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
This paper shows first quantitative analysis of the detachment processes in the MAST Upgrade Super-X divertor (SXD). We identify an unprecedented impact of plasma-molecular interactions involving molecular ions (likely $D_2^+$), resulting in strong ion sinks (Molecular Activated Recombination - MAR), leading to a reduction of ion target flux. The MAR ion sinks exceed the divertor ion sources before electron-ion recombination (EIR) starts to occur, suggesting that significant ionisation occurs outside of the divertor chamber. In the EIR region, $T_e \ll 0.2$ eV is observed and MAR remains significant in these deep detached phases. The total ion sink strength demonstrates the capability for particle exhaust in the Super-X Configuration. Molecular Activated Dissociation (MAD) is the dominant volumetric neutral atom creation process can lead to an electron cooling of 20\% of $P_{SOL}$. The measured total radiative power losses \emph{in the divertor chamber} are consistent with inferred hydrogenic radiative power losses. This suggests that intrinsic divertor impurity radiation, despite the carbon walls, is minor in the divertor chamber. This contrasts previous TCV results, which may be associated with enhanced plasma-neutral interactions and reduced chemical erosion in the detached, tightly baffled SXD. The above observations have also been observed in higher heat flux (narrower SOL width) type I ELMy H-mode discharges. This provides evidence that the characterisation in this paper may be general. more...
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- 2023
18. TRIPLE Deliverable 5.7: Additional Services Updated
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De Santis, Luca, Schramm, Maxi, Kittel, Christopher, Konstant, Jan, Kraker, Peter, Kopenik, Simone, Theiler, Dieter, Van Weyenbergh, Gael, and Pomazanskyi, Andrew
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EOSC ,Open Science ,TRIPLE ,Annotation ,OPERAS ,SSH ,Discovery ,Innovation ,Visualization - Abstract
In TRIPLE, WP5 is devoted to the integration of Innovative Services in the GoTriple platform. The work has been organised in the following 6 tasks: ● T5.1: Third-party applications integration ● T5.2: Recommender system ● T5.3: Trust building system ● T5.4: Visualisation ● T5.5: Open annotation tool ● T5.6. Discovery system The structure of this document, which describes the work done in WP5 after September 2021, reflects the organisation of the WP, with a dedicated chapter for each of its tasks. Chapter 2 presents T5.1, which is devoted to the identification of innovative services to integrate in GoTriple, beyond those developed by the project partners in the other tasks of WP5. After the successful integration of the Crowdfunding platform, in the current period the work has been concentrated on integrating two other services identified in the previous phases of the project: an extendible mechanism to export documents’ metadata for easily importing them in bookmarking reference management apps and services (e.g. Zotero, Mendeley or EndNote) and the OPERAS Metrics service. In Chapter 3, the work in T5.2 on the Recommender system is described, with new functionalities and services that this platform exposes to GoTriple. In particular, new algorithms for suggesting documents, projects, and authors have been developed, together with the personalised recommendations service, which allows registered users to automatically receive in their personal page dedicated documents suggestions, according to their previous history of interactions with GoTriple. Chapter 4 presents how the Trust Building System (TBS) has been expanded within T5.3, with the implementations of the Public groups, and the definition of new strategies to ease the onboarding of new users in the TBS platform. The significant improvements in T5.4 for the interactive Visualization system are described in Chapter 5, spanning from the enhancements on the User Interface side to the development of new features, together with refinements to the existing ones. Chapter 6 discusses the progress of the Open Annotation Tool Pundit, which is part of T5.5. The chapter highlights the achievements and ongoing efforts, including Pundit's successful integration into the EOSC Marketplace, which can be attributed to its participation in an EOSC Digital Innovation Hub (DIH) pilot. Additionally, the team is currently working on incorporating new features into the web annotation tool during the remaining months of the project. Finally, Chapter 7 describes the work done in T5.6 on the Discovery System, which is the back-end component that powers the advanced visualisations of T5.4. Several goals have been accomplished here, both on the infrastructure side (the finalisation of the transition to the Custom Services pipeline, improvements to stability and scalability) and on the functional side, in particular with the development of the author and project visualisations, the former already integrated in GoTriple, while the latter will be included soon., The TRIPLE project (https://project.gotriple.eu/), which is financed under the Horizon 2020 framework (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/863420), under Grant Agreement No. 863420, with approx. 5.6 million Euros for a duration of 42 months (2019-2023). The content of this deliverable reflects only TRIPLE's view and the Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. more...
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- 2023
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19. Stress of emergency physicians during helicopter operations: impact of patients’ diagnoses, severity of diagnoses, and physicians’ work experience
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Katja Petrowski, Camila Paola Malkewitz, Christian Schöniger, Mark Frank, and Lorenz Theiler
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Emergency Medicine - Abstract
Purpose Emergency physicians are in danger of developing illnesses due to stress in their demanding work environment. Until today, scholars have not identified stressors or resilience factors that qualify to promote the preservation of emergency physicians’ well-being. Therefore, potential influencing variables such as patients’ diagnoses, the severity of diagnoses, as well as physicians’ work experience have to be considered. The present study aims at investigating emergency physicians in the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS)’ autonomic nervous system activity during emergency operations in one shift with respect to patients’ diagnoses, severity of diagnoses, and physicians’ work experience. Methods Measurement of HRV (employing the parameters RMSSD and LF/HF) for 59 EPs (age: M = 39.69, SD = 6.19) was performed during two complete air-rescue-days, the alarm and landing phase being investigated in particular. Besides patients’ diagnoses, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics Score (NACA) was included as an indicator for severity. Diagnoses’ and NACA’s effect on HRV were examined using a linear mixed model. Results Both HRV parameters indicate a significant decrease of the parasympathetic nervous system as a function of the diagnoses. Furthermore, high NACA scores (≥ V) predicted a significantly lower HRV. In addition, a lower HRV/RMSSD with increasing work experience was observed as well as a positive association between physicians’ work experience and sympathetic activation (LF/HF). Conclusion The present study showed that pediatric diagnoses as well as time-critical diagnoses are most stressful and have the highest impact on the physicians’ ANS. This knowledge allows the development of specific training to reduce stress. more...
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- 2023
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20. Development and multicenter international validation of a diagnostic tool to differentiate between pemphigoid gestationis and polymorphic eruption of pregnancy
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Fangyi Xie, Dawn Marie R. Davis, Farah Baban, Emma F. Johnson, Regan N. Theiler, Austin Todd, Sara Pruneddu, Jenny E. Murase, Julia-Tatjana Maul, Christina M. Ambros-Rudolph, and Julia S. Lehman
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Dermatology - Published
- 2023
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21. Mesures de la pression artérielle dans des situations particulières
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Kenji Theiler, Matthias Kirsch, and Grégoire Wuerzner
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General Medicine - Published
- 2022
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22. Phänotypisches und genetisches Spektrum von Incontinentia pigmenti – eine große Fallserie
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Stefanie Hübner, Agnes Schwieger‐Briel, Kristin Technau‐Hafsi, Sorina Danescu, Adrian Baican, Martin Theiler, Lisa Weibel, and Cristina Has
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Dermatology - Published
- 2022
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23. Phenotypic and genetic spectrum of incontinentia pigmenti – a large case series
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Stefanie Hübner, Agnes Schwieger‐Briel, Kristin Technau‐Hafsi, Sorina Danescu, Adrian Baican, Martin Theiler, Lisa Weibel, Cristina Has, University of Zurich, and Hübner, Stefanie
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2708 Dermatology ,Male ,Phenotype ,Child, Preschool ,Mutation ,Humans ,610 Medicine & health ,Female ,10220 Clinic for Surgery ,Exons ,Incontinentia Pigmenti ,Dermatology ,Skin - Abstract
Incontinentia pigmenti is a rare X-linked dominantly inherited systemic disease affecting primarily the skin but also other neuroectodermal tissues such as teeth, hair, eyes, and the central nervous system.This multicenter case series study was conducted at three European departments of Dermatology including 30 patients with incontinentia pigmenti. Twenty patients were evaluated clinically and genetically, another ten only genetically.The study included 28 females and two males with a median age of three years. Cutaneous manifestations were present in all 20 patients with clinical data. Stage I was observed in 90 % of those patients. Stage IV was observed as early as one year of age. Dental (81 %), hair (78 %) and neurological anomalies (53 %) were more frequent than previously reported. Fourteen skin biopsies showed typical features of the corresponding stage. Genetic testing of 24 patients revealed the common exon 4-10 deletion in 14 cases and seven other pathogenic variants, including three unpublished mutations. In another three cases, no genetic alterations were found.In this study, the phenotype ranged from only subtle cutaneous involvement to severe multisystemic disorders. Extracutaneous involvement should be evaluated at the time of diagnosis and in regular intervals, as some manifestations may develop over time. more...
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- 2021
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24. Wege zur Übernahme gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung: Über Self-Commitments zu reflexiven Bildungsprozessen
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Corinne Ruesch Schweizer, Janine Zimmermann, Käthi Theiler-Scherrer, and Svantje Schumann
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Die Studie zur Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung-App (BNE-App) der Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz (FHNW) weist darauf hin, dass sich die mit einem Self-Commitment erworbenen Erfahrungen auf Bewusstwerdung, Reflexion und Verantwortungsübernahme auswirken und damit Potential haben, transformatives Lernen anzustoßen. more...
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- 2021
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25. Gianotti‐Crosti Syndrom‐ähnliche Reaktion bei Molluscum contagiosum –Klinische Charakteristika und Therapieansprechen
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Christina Bürgler, Lisa Weibel, Agnes Schwieger‐ Briel, Nicole Knöpfel, Isabelle Luchsinger, and Martin Theiler
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Dermatology - Published
- 2021
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26. Hypercortisolism in patients with cholestasis is associated with disease severity
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Theiler-Schwetz, Verena, Schlager, Hansjörg, Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara, Stojakovic, Tatjana, Fauler, Günter, Fickert, Peter, and Zollner, Gernot
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Adrenal gland ,Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ,endocrine system ,Cholestasis ,Hydrocortisone ,Research ,Gastroenterology ,Pituitary-Adrenal System ,Bilirubin ,General Medicine ,Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) ,RC799-869 ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,Severity of Illness Index ,Bile acids ,Cortisol ,Mice ,Animals ,Humans ,Cushing Syndrome ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Background Cholestasis might lead to an impairment of adrenal function as suggested by in vitro and in vivo data as well as by clinical findings. Bile acid and adrenal steroid metabolism not only share the receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5), but supraphysiological bile acid levels were found to stimulate steroidogenesis independent of FXR and TGR5. Our previous experimental findings revealed that mice fed bile acids or subjected to common bile duct ligation develop hypercortisolemia. We thus aimed to assess adrenal gland function in patients with cholestasis. Methods Adrenal gland function was assessed in 36 patients with cholestasis and in 32 patients without cholestasis by measuring total serum cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), as well as the increase of cortisol 20 and 30 min after administration of 1 µg of ACTH. Bile acid levels and bile acid pool composition were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results Patients with cholestasis per definition had markedly elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP), bilirubin and serum bile acids. Baseline cortisol and maximum cortisol after ACTH stimulation were significantly higher in patients with cholestasis compared to controls. Increase of cortisol after ACTH stimulation and ACTH did not differ. In the cholestasis group, baseline cortisol correlated with bilirubin but not with AP, total serum bile acids and levels of conjugated and unconjugated bile acid species. Patients with duration of cholestasis 6 months), together with higher bilirubin levels. Conclusions We find no evidence of adrenal insufficiency in non-cirrhotic patients with cholestasis. In contrast, patients with cholestasis show hypercortisolism associated with disease severity as mirrored by levels of bilirubin. Lack of ACTH increase in cholestasis suggests a direct effect of cholestasis on adrenals and not on the pituitary gland. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of cortisol elevation in patients with cholestasis and its clinical significance. more...
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- 2021
27. Analgesic considerations for induction of labor
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Emily E Sharpe, Lindsay L. Warner, Katherine W. Arendt, and Regan N. Theiler
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Analgesics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Labor, Obstetric ,HELLP syndrome ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,Disease ,Labor pain ,medicine.disease ,Chorioamnionitis ,Preeclampsia ,Analgesia, Epidural ,Pregnancy ,Bacteremia ,medicine ,Analgesia, Obstetrical ,Humans ,Gestation ,Female ,Labor, Induced ,Dosing ,Intensive care medicine ,business - Abstract
Induction of labor may be indicated to minimize maternal and fetal risks. The rate of induction is likely to increase as recent evidence supports elective induction at 39 weeks gestation. We review methods of induction and then analgesic options as they relate to indications and methods to induce labor. We specifically focus on parturients at high risk for anesthetic complications including those requiring anticoagulation, and those with cardiac disease, obesity, chorioamnionitis, prior spinal instrumentation, elevated intracranial pressure, known or anticipated difficult airway, thrombocytopenia, and preeclampsia. Guidelines regarding timing of anticoagulation dosing with neuraxial anesthetic techniques have been defined through consensus statements. Early epidural placement may be beneficial in patients with cardiac disease, obesity, anticipated difficult airway, and HELLP syndrome. Questions remain regarding how early is too early for epidural placement, what options are safest for patients with bacteremia, and what pain relief should be offered to those unable to tolerate cervical exams in early labor. more...
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- 2021
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28. Optimisation of airway management strategies: a prospective before-and-after study on events related to airway management
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Florian Ueltschi, Lorenz Theiler, Robert Greif, T.H. Pedersen, Maren Kleine-Brueggeney, Tobias Alexander Hornshaw, and Markus Huber
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Young Adult ,Patient safety ,Informed consent ,Intubation, Intratracheal ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Airway Management ,Child ,Aged ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Infant ,Equipment Design ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,Clinical trial ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Controlled Before-After Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Relative risk ,Emergency medicine ,Female ,Airway management ,Before and after study ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Poor medical outcomes often result from series of minor events. The present study assessed events related to airway management to determine whether targeted changes to departmental strategies for airway management can reduce the incidence.This prospective before-and-after study was performed with ethics committee approval and written informed consent from patients. Major and minor events related to airway management were prospectively recorded for 9 weeks. After implementation of changes to departmental strategies for airway management, events were again prospectively recorded over 9 weeks. Primary outcome was number of cases with events. Secondary outcomes were various predefined events.At study baseline, 3668 cases and at follow-up 3786 cases were assessed. Cases with events decreased from 566 (15.4%) to 433 (11.4%) (risk ratio [RR]=0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.83; P0.01). As secondary outcomes, the following events decreased: Cormack-Lehane grade 3 or 4 (4.3-2.9%; RR=0.67; 95% CI, 0.52-0.85; P0.01); difficult bag-mask ventilation (3.8-2.7%; RR=0.69; 95% CI, 0.54-0.89; P0.01); hypoxaemia (3.8-2.9%; RR=0.75; 95% CI, 0.59-0.96; P=0.03); unplanned use of special equipment (3.2-2.0%; RR=0.62; (95% CI, 0.47-0.83; P0.01); oesophageal intubation (1.3-0.8%; RR=0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.96; P=0.03); bleeding (0.8-0.2%; RR=0.30; 95% CI, 0.14-0.63; P0.01); insufficient spontaneous breathing (0.3-0.0%; RR=0.09; 95% CI, 0.01-0.68; P0.01); communication errors (0.1-0.0%; RR=0; 95% CI, 0-NA; P=0.03).Implementation of changes to departmental strategies for airway management significantly reduced cases with events related to airway management. Analysis of events and implementation of strategies that specifically target identified issues might be key to improving airway management.NCT02743767. more...
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- 2021
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29. The impact of fellowship‐trained medical toxicology faculty on emergency medicine resident in‐training examination scores
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Carly A. Theiler, J. Priyanka Vakkalanka, Brooks J. Obr, Nicole Hansen, and Daniel J. McCabe
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Emergency Medicine ,Emergency Nursing ,Education - Published
- 2023
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30. Associations of Parameters of the Tryptophan–Kynurenine Pathway with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hypertensive Patients
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Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Christian Trummer, Martin R. Grübler, Martin H. Keppel, Armin Zittermann, Andreas Tomaschitz, Winfried März, Andreas Meinitzer, and Stefan Pilz
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,tryptophan ,kynurenine ,kynurenic acid ,cardiovascular risk factors ,arterial hypertension ,Food Science - Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests an association of the tryptophan–kynurenine (TRP-KYN) pathway with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors. In this cross-sectional analysis we investigated whether TRP-KYN pathway parameters are associated with 24 h blood pressure (BP) and other risk factors in patients with arterial hypertension from a tertiary care centre. In 490 participants, we found no significant and independent association of 24 h systolic and diastolic BP with parameters of the TRP-KYN pathway. However, linear regression analyses of HDL as dependent and TRP, KYN and quinolinic acid (QUIN) as explanatory variables adjusted for BMI and sex showed significant associations. These were found for KYN, BMI and sex (unstandardised beta coefficient −0.182, standard error 0.052, p < 0.001; −0.313 (0.078), p < 0.001; −0.180 (0.024), p < 0.001, respectively) as well as for QUIN, BMI and sex (−0.157 (0.038), p < 0.001; −0.321 (0.079), p < 0.001; −0.193 (0.024), p < 0.001, respectively). Smokers had significantly lower levels of KYN (2.36 µmol/L, IQR 2.01–2.98, versus 2.71 µmol/L, IQR 2.31–3.27, p < 0.001), QUIN (384 nmol/L, IQR 303–448, versus 451 nmol/L, IQR 369–575, p < 0.001) and KYN/TRP ratio (38.2, IQR 33.7–43.2, versus 43.1, IQR 37.5–50.9, p < 0.001) compared to non-smokers. We demonstrated that TRP/KYN pathway metabolites are associated with some cardiovascular risk factors, warranting further studies to elucidate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the TRP-KYN pathway for cardiovascular diseases. more...
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- 2023
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31. Uptrendz: API-Centric Real-time Recommendations in Multi-Domain Settings
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Lacic, Emanuel, Duricic, Tomislav, Fadljevic, Leon, Theiler, Dieter, and Kowald, Dominik
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FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ,Information Retrieval (cs.IR) ,Computer Science - Information Retrieval ,Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC) - Abstract
In this work, we tackle the problem of adapting a real-time recommender system to multiple application domains, and their underlying data models and customization requirements. To do that, we present Uptrendz, a multi-domain recommendation platform that can be customized to provide real-time recommendations in an API-centric way. We demonstrate (i) how to set up a real-time movie recommender using the popular MovieLens-100k dataset, and (ii) how to simultaneously support multiple application domains based on the use-case of recommendations in entrepreneurial start-up founding. For that, we differentiate between domains on the item- and system-level. We believe that our demonstration shows a convenient way to adapt, deploy and evaluate a recommender system in an API-centric way. The source-code and documentation that demonstrates how to utilize the configured Uptrendz API is available on GitHub., Comment: ECIR 2023 demo paper more...
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- 2023
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32. Uptrendz: API-Centric Real-Time Recommendations in Multi-domain Settings
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Emanuel Lacic, Tomislav Duricic, Leon Fadljevic, Dieter Theiler, and Dominik Kowald
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- 2023
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33. Reduction in benefits of total flux expansion on divertor detachment due to parallel flows
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Carpita, M., Février, O., Reimerdes, H., Theiler, C., Duval, B. P., Colandrea, C., Durr-Legoupil-Nicoud, G., Galassi, D., Gorno, S., Huett, E., Loizu, J., Martinelli, L., Perek, A., Simons, L., Sun, G., Wüthrich, E. Tonello. C., and team, the TCV more...
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Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
The Super-X divertor (SXD) is an alternative divertor configuration leveraging total flux expansion at the outer strike point (OSP). Key features for the attractiveness of the SXD are facilitated detachment access and control, as predicted by the extended 2-point model (2PM). However, parallel flows are not consistently included in the 2PM. In this work, the 2PM is refined to overcome this limitation: the role of total flux expansion on the pressure balance is made explicit, by including the effect of parallel flows. In consequence, the effect of total flux expansion on detachment access and control is weakened, compared to predictions of the 2PM. This new model partially explains discrepancies between the 2PM and experiments performed on TCV, in ohmic L-mode scenarios, where in core density ramps in lower single-null (SN) configuration, the impact of the OSP major radius Rt on the CIII emission front movement in the divertor outer leg - used as a proxy for the plasma temperature - is substantially weaker than 2PM predictions; and in OSP sweeps in lower and upper SN configurations, with a constant core density, the peak parallel particle flux density at the OSP is almost independent of Rt, while the 2PM predicts a linear dependence. Finally, analytical and numerical modelling of parallel flows in the divertor is presented, to support the argument. It is shown that an increase in total flux expansion can favour supersonic flows at the OSP. Parallel flows are also shown to be relevant by analysing SOLPS-ITER simulations of TCV. more...
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- 2023
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34. Performance assessment of a tightly baffled, long-legged divertor configuration in TCV with SOLPS-ITER
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Sun, G., Reimerdes, H., Theiler, C., Duval, B. P., Carpita, M., Colandrea, C., Février, O., and team, the TCV
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Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
Numerical simulations explore the possibility to test the tightly baffled, long-legged divertor (TBLLD) concept in a future upgrade of the Tokamak \`a configuration variable (TCV). The SOLPS-ITER code package is used to compare the exhaust performance of several TBLLD configurations with existing unbaffled and baffled TCV configurations. The TBLLDs feature a range of radial gaps between the separatrix and the outer leg side walls. All considered TBLLDs are predicted to lead to a denser and colder plasma in front of the targets and improve the power handling by factors of 2-3 compared to the present, baffled divertor and by up to a factor of 12 compared to the original, unbaffled configuration. The improved TBLLD performance is mainly due to a better neutral confinement with improved plasma-neutral interactions in the divertor region. Both power handling capability and neutral confinement increases when reducing the radial gap. The core compatibility of TBLLDs with nitrogen seeding is also evaluated and the detachment window with acceptable core pollution for the proposed TBLLDs is explored, showing a reduction of required upstream impurity concentration up to 18% to achieve the detachment with thinner radial gap. more...
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- 2023
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35. Limitations of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring in apneic oxygenation
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Schweizer, Thilo, Hartwich, Volker, Riva, Thomas, Kaiser, Heiko, Theiler, Lorenz, Greif, Robert, and Nabecker, Sabine
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610 Medicine & health - Abstract
BACKGROUND High-flow nasal oxygenation is increasingly used during sedation procedures and general anesthesia in apneic patients. Transcutaneous CO2 (ptcCO2)-monitoring is used to monitor hypercapnia. This study investigated ptcCO2-monitoring during apneic oxygenation. METHODS We included 100 patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia in this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Before surgery, we collected ptcCO2 measured by TCM4 and TCM5 monitors and arterial blood gas (ABG) measurements every two minutes during 15 minutes of apnea. Bland-Altman plots analyzed agreement between measurement slopes; linear mixed models estimated the different measuring method effect, and outlined differences in slope and offset between transcutaneous and arterial CO2 partial pressures. RESULTS Bland-Altman plots showed a bias in slope (95% confidence intervals) between ABG and TCM4-measurements of 0.05mmHg/min (-0.05 to 0.15), and limits of agreement were -0.88mmHg/min (-1.06 to -0.70) and 0.98mmHg/min (0.81 to 1.16). Bias between ABG and TCM5 was -0.14mmHg/min (-0.23 to -0.04), and limits of agreement were -0.98mmHg/min (-1.14 to -0.83) and 0.71mmHg/min (0.55 to 0.87). A linear mixed model (predicting the CO2-values) showed an offset between arterial and transcutaneous measurements of TCM4 (-15.2mmHg, 95%CI: -16.3 to -14.2) and TCM5 (-19.1mmHg, -20.1 to -18.0). Differences between the two transcutaneous measurements were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Substantial differences were found between the two transcutaneous measurement systems, and between them and ABG. Transcutaneous CO2 monitoring cannot replace arterial CO2-monitoring during apneic oxygenation. In clinical settings with rapidly changing CO2-values, arterial blood gas measurements are needed to reliably assess the CO2-partial pressure in blood. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03478774). more...
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- 2023
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36. sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848231170479 – Supplemental material for Effect of peripartum Clostridioides difficile infection on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: an observational study
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Saha, Srishti, Pardi, Ryan, Theiler, Regan N., Pardi, Darrell S., and Khanna, Sahil
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FOS: Clinical medicine ,111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified ,FOS: Health sciences ,111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified ,111299 Oncology and Carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified - Abstract
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848231170479 for Effect of peripartum Clostridioides difficile infection on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: an observational study by Srishti Saha, Ryan Pardi, Regan N. Theiler, Darrell S. Pardi and Sahil Khanna in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology more...
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- 2023
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37. Hospitalization in Pregnancy Due to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Associated Disease
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Janelle Santos, Regan N. Theiler, and Linda M. Szymanski
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- 2023
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38. The image breathes: representations of self in portraiture in the early seventeenth century in Rome
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Theiler, Suzanne Esther
- Abstract
Submission note: A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Archaeology and History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Victoria. more...
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- 2023
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39. Transdisziplinarität als Forschungsmodus für integrative Klimaforschung
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Lena Theiler and Alexandra Lux
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- 2022
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40. A family-tailored early motor intervention (EMI-Heart) for infants with complex congenital heart disease: study protocol for a feasibility RCT
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Elena Mitteregger, Tineke Dirks, Manuela Theiler, Oliver Kretschmar, Beatrice Latal, University of Zurich, and Mitteregger, Elena
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10036 Medical Clinic ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,610 Medicine & health ,2701 Medicine (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Background Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing open-heart surgery are at risk for developmental impairments with motor delay manifesting first and contributing to parental concerns. Only a few interventional studies aim to improve neuromotor development in infants with CHD with inconclusive results. We thus developed a family-tailored early motor intervention (EMI-Heart), which aims to promote motor development and family well-being in the first year of life after open-heart surgery. The primary aim described in this protocol is to evaluate feasibility of EMI-Heart. The secondary aim is to describe the difference between the intervention and control group in motor outcomes and family well-being at baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up. Methods This prospective, parallel single-center feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) will compare EMI-Heart with standard of care in infants with complex CHD. Sixteen infants and their families, randomly allocated to EMI-Heart or the control group, will participate within the first 5 months of life. Infants assigned to EMI-Heart will receive early motor intervention for 3 months. The intervention’s key is to promote infants’ postural control to enhance motor development and partnering with parents to encourage family well-being. Feasibility outcomes will be (a) clinical recruitment rate and percentage of families completing EMI-Heart, (b) average duration and number of sessions, and (c) acceptability of EMI-Heart using a parental questionnaire post-treatment, and descriptive acceptability of EMI-Heart to the pediatric physiotherapist. Secondary outcomes of the intervention and control group will be infants’ motor outcomes and questionnaires assessing family well-being at 3–5 months (baseline), at 6–8 months (post-treatment), and at 12 months of age (follow-up). We will evaluate feasibility using descriptive statistics. Non-parametric statistical analysis of secondary outcomes will assess differences between the groups at baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up. Discussion This feasibility RCT will provide information about a newly developed family-tailored early motor intervention in infants with complex CHD. The RCT design will provide a foundation for a future large-scale interventional trial for infants with CHD after open-heart surgery. Trial registration This study protocol (version 1.3, 01.02.2022) was approved by the Cantonal Ethics Commission Zurich (BASEC-Nr. 2019–01,787) and is registered by Clinicaltrials.gov (NCTT04666857). more...
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- 2022
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41. Power exhaust and core-divertor compatibility of the baffled snowflake divertor in TCV
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S Gorno, C Colandrea, O Février, H Reimerdes, C Theiler, B P Duval, T Lunt, H Raj, U A Sheikh, L Simons, A Thornton, The TCV Team, The EUROfusion MST1 Team, TCV Team, and EUROfusion MST1 Team
- Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph) ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
A baffled snowflake minus low-field side (SF-LFS) is geometrically-optimised in tokamak à configuration variable, increasing divertor neutral pressure, to evaluate the roles of divertor closure (comparing with an unbaffled SF-LFS) and magnetic geometry (comparing with a baffled single null (SN)) in power exhaust and core-divertor compatibility. Ohmically-heated L-mode discharges in deuterium, with a line-averaged core density of approximately 4.7 × 10 19 m−3, are seeded with nitrogen to approach detached conditions. Baffles in the SF-LFS configuration are found to reduce the peak outer target heat flux by up to 23 % , without significantly affecting the location of the inter-null radiation region or the core-divertor compatibility. When compared to the baffled SN, the baffled SF-LFS exhibits a reduction in the outer target heat flux by up to 66 % and the ability to balance the strike-point distribution of heat flux. These benefits are less significant with N2 seeding, with similar peak target quantities (such as heat flux, electron temperature and ion flux) and divertor radiated power. Despite a radiating region located farther from the confined plasma for the SF-LFS than the baffled SN, no change in core confinement is observed. Core effective charge even indicates an increase in core impurity penetration for the SF-LFS. These experiments constitute a good reference for detailed model validations and extrapolations, exploring important physics such as core impurity shielding and the dependence of divertor cross-field transport on magnetic geometry. more...
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- 2022
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42. Impact of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 infection on fetal growth during pregnancy
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Kavita Narang, Megan Miller, Charisse Trinidad, Myra Wick, Regan Theiler, Amy L. Weaver, Ramila A. Mehta, and Mauro Schenone
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Reproductive Medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology - Abstract
During pregnancy, certain viral infections are known to significantly affect fetal development. Data regarding the impact of COVID-19 viral infection in pregnancy, specifically in asymptomatic or mild cases, remains limited. This presents a challenge in providing prenatal counseling and antepartum surveillance in pregnancies complicated by COVID-19 infection. Placenta studies have demonstrated that vascular malperfusion patterns attributed to COVID-19 appear to depend on the timing of infection. Given these placental changes, we aim to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on fetal growth in pregnant patients with asymptomatic or mild disease, stratified by trimester of infection. We hypothesize that COVID-19 infection, especially early in pregnancy, increases the risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR).This is a single institution, retrospective cohort study of patients ages 16-55 years old with a singleton delivery between December 10, 2020, and April 19, 2021 who had not received a COVID-19 vaccination prior to delivery. COVID-19 infection during pregnancy was defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. FGR was defined as an estimated fetal weight less than the 10th percentile for gestational age or abdominal circumference less than the 10th percentile for gestational age. Maternal and fetal characteristics, including FGR, were compared between women with versus without COVID-19 infection during pregnancy.Among 1971 women with a singleton delivery, 208 (10.6 %) had a prior asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. With the exception in the median prenatal BMI being significantly higher in the COVID-19 group (median, 27.5 vs 26.3, p = 0.04), there were no significant differences in demographics, baseline maternal comorbidities or gestational age between those with versus without COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, or in the proportion of their offspring with FGR (3.4 % (7/208) vs 4.8 % (84/1763), p = 0.36). When the 208 women were stratified by the timing of their COVID-19 infection, the proportion with an offspring with FGR was 8.7 % (2/23), 1.2 % (1/84), and 4.0 % (4/101), for those first diagnosed with COVID-19 during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters, respectively (p = 0.72 Cochran-Armitage test for trend).Asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 infection in pregnancy, regardless of timing of infection, does not appear to be associated with FGR. Routine serial fetal growth assessment may not be warranted solely for history of COVID-19 infection. more...
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- 2022
43. Team leadership assessment after advanced life support courses comparing real teams vs. simulated teams
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Nabecker, Sabine, Huwendiek, Sören, Roten, Fredy-Michel, Theiler, Lorenz, and Greif, Robert
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610 Medicine & health ,370 Education ,610 Medizin und Gesundheit ,370 Bildung und Erziehung ,General Psychology - Abstract
AimEffective team leadership is essential during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and is taught during international advanced life support (ALS) courses. This study compared the judgement of team leadership during summative assessments after those courses using different validated assessment tools while comparing two different summative assessment methods.MethodsAfter ALS courses, twenty videos of simulated team assessments and 20 videos of real team assessments were evaluated and compared. Simulated team assessment used an instructor miming a whole team, whereas real team assessment used course participants as a team that acted on the team leader's commands. Three examiners individually evaluated each video on four different validated team leadership assessment tools and on the original European Resuscitation Council's (ERC) scenario test assessment form which does not assess leadership. The primary outcome was the average performance summary score between all three examiners for each assessment method.ResultsThe average performance summary score for each of the four assessment tools was significantly higher for real team assessments compared to simulated team assessments (all p-values < 0.01). The summary score of the ERC's scenario test assessment form was comparable between both assessment methods (p = 0.569), meaning that participants of both assessments performed equally.ConclusionTeam leadership performance is rated significantly higher in real team summative assessments after ALS courses compared to simulated team assessments by four leadership assessment tools but not by the standard ERC's scenario test assessment form. These results suggest that summative assessments in ALS courses should integrate real team assessments, and a new assessment tool including an assessment of leadership skills needs to be developed. more...
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- 2022
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44. Homeopathic priors?
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Theiler, James
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Signal Processing (eess.SP) ,62C10 ,FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,G.3 ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing - Abstract
The problem of composite hypothesis testing is considered in the context of Bayesian detection of weak target signals in cluttered backgrounds. (A specific example is the detection of sub-pixel targets in multispectral imagery.) In this model, the target strength (call it $a$) is an unknown parameter, and that lack of knowledge can be addressed by incorporating a prior over possible parameter values. The performance of the detector depends on the choice of prior, and -- with the motivation of enabling better performance at low target abundances -- a family of priors are investigated in which singular weight is associated with the $a\to 0$ limit. Careful treatment of this limiting process leads to a situation in which components of the prior with infinitesimal weight have nontrivial effects. Similar claims have been made for homeopathic medicines., 4 pages, 1 figure more...
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- 2022
45. 2157. Low Interferon-γ and Interleukin-13 Levels in the Respiratory Tract are Related to Life-threatening Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Previously Healthy Infants
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Fausto M Ferolla, Analía Toledano, Ana Caratozzolo, Laura B Talarico, Patricio L Acosta, Graciela Theiler, Eduardo W Yfran, Javier Matute, Normando Mascardi, Pablo Neira, María M Contrini, and Eduardo L López more...
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Infectious Diseases ,Oncology - Abstract
Background The mechanisms of interindividual susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are not clearly understood. Viral load (VL), an exaggerated immune response or T-helper 2 (Th2) bias were postulated as playing a role in the severity of RSV infection. We aimed to analyze VL, cytokine profiles and their association with life-threatening disease (LTD). Methods Prospective cohort study including previously healthy full-term infants < 12 months old, hospitalized with a first RSV infection in 2017-2019. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were performed on admission to assess VL (by qRT-PCR) and cytokines levels (using a Bioplex panel). Cytokines were grouped according to their functional classification: proinflammatory (TNF-α), regulatory (interleukin [IL]-10), Th1 (interfereron-γ [IFN-γ]), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13) and Th17 (IL-17a). Patients were defined to have LTD when required admittance to the intensive care units and ventilatory support. Results One hundred and nineteen patients were studied, 68 (57%) were male; median age was 3 months. Nineteen (16%) infants developed LTD, with no significant differences in socioeconomic, pregnancy and infant variables compared with other RSV cases. Virus subtypes were not related to LTD (p= 0.77). VL was not associated with LTD (p= 0.51). Patients with LTD had significantly lower levels of IFN-γ (mean 0.08 pg/ml [standard deviation -SD- 0.06] vs. 0.32 pg/ml [SD 0.4]; p= 0.001) and IL-13 (mean 0.03 pg/ml [SD 0.04] vs. 0.05 pg/ml [SD 0.07]; p= 0.02), fig 1. IFN-γ and IL-13 inversely correlated with days of hypoxemia (p< 0.001 and p= 0.002, respectively). VL, IFN-γ and IL-13 did not correlate with duration of symptoms before admission. No relationship was observed between IFN-γ, IL-13 and age, sex or breastfeeding. In 102 (86%) samples, IL-4 was under the limit of quantitation. TNF-α, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10 e IL-17a were not related to LTD. IFN-γ and interleukin-13 levels according to clinical outcome. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to relate low IL-13 levels to LTD in previously healthy infants. Patients with LTD had 4-fold lower levels of IFN-γ. The severity of RSV infection may be the result of a deficient immune response rather than a higher viral load or an overactive immune response. These findings provide additional evidence for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures. more...
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- 2022
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46. 2129. Maternal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2-specific Antibodies, but not Cytokines/Chemokines to Neonates Following Infection and Vaccination During Pregnancy
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Jonathon M Monroe, Sohan Punia, Huy Quang Quach, Elizabeth A Enninga, Yaroslav Fedyshyn, Bohdana Fedyshyn, Maureen Lemens, Dawn Littlefield, Elise Sintim-Aboagye, Maria C Mejia Plazas, Satoko Yamaoka, Hideki Ebihara, Akhilesh Pandey, Jie Sun, Erica L Johnson, Richard B Kennedy, Regan N Theiler, and Rana Chakraborty more...
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Infectious Diseases ,Oncology - Abstract
Background Despite extensive studies of human immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, research examining protective correlates of vertical transmission following maternal exposure in pregnancy remain limited. Here, we characterized antibody and cytokine responses in maternal and cord blood following infection or vaccination at various timepoints during gestation. Methods Spike S1 protein-specific binding antibodies and antibodies capable of blocking the interaction between the receptor binding domain (RBD) and the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were measured in maternal and cord blood by ELISA. Serum concentrations of 74 cytokines/chemokines were measured by multiplex assay. Humoral responses and cytokine levels from matched maternal and fetal cord sera were compared and examined for potential correlations. Results We observed a highly significant correlation between Spike S1-specific antibody titer and RBD-ACE2 blocking antibody activity between maternal and fetal cord serum (p < 2.2e-16, R > 0.90). Blocking antibody activity was significantly higher for mothers infected during the 3rd trimester compared to earlier trimesters; however, vaccinated mothers developed and transferred higher antibody titers with greater RBD-ACE2 blocking antibody activity to their neonates than infected mothers. Furthermore, vaccine-induced Spike S1 IgG transfer ratios (fetal cord/maternal) were significantly higher than those induced by infection (p = 0.002). Multiplex assay showed significantly elevated levels of 33 cytokines/chemokines, mainly pro-inflammatory in infected maternal serum samples, while the paired fetal cord samples exhibited an anti-inflammatory cytokine predominance. Conclusion Our data support selective vertical transmission of potentially protective humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2, especially following vaccination in the 3rd trimester. The anti-inflammatory cytokine predominance in cord blood that persists despite maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection may offset the adverse outcomes of inflammation in pregnancy for the neonate. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures. more...
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- 2022
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47. Experimental Investigation of State and Parameter Estimation within Reconfigurable Battery Systems
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Theiler, Michael, Schneider, Dominik, and Endisch, Christian
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Article ,battery model ,Kalman filter ,joint estimation ,reconfigurable battery systems ,state estimation ,parameter estimation ,Electrochemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,ddc - Abstract
The battery system is one of the most-important, but also -critical components in the electric power-train. The battery’s system states and parameters are commonly tracked by the battery monitoring system. However, in reality, the accuracy of the state and parameter estimation may suffer from insufficient excitation of the system. Since the current states and parameters serve as the basis for many battery management system functions, this might lead to incorrect operation and severe damage. Reconfigurable battery systems allow enhancing the system’s excitation by applying a switching operation. In this contribution, the state and parameter estimation of a reconfigurable battery module were simulated and tested experimentally. Thereby, a low-exciting and a high-exciting drive cycle were compared. Furthermore, the switching patterns were applied to enhance the excitation and, hence, improve the estimation of an extended Kalman filter. The cells were switched via a pulse-width modulation signal, and the influence of frequency and duty cycle variation on the estimation accuracy were investigated. Compared to the low-excitation input, a significant improvement in the estimation of up to 46% for the state of charge and 78% for the internal resistance were achieved. Hereby, low frequencies and duty cycles proved to be particularly advantageous. Switching, however, has only a limited influence on an already highly excited system and may lead to additional aging due to higher heat generation. more...
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- 2022
48. SARS-CoV-2 variant transition dynamics are associated with vaccination rates, number of co-circulating variants, and natural immunity
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Lauren J Beesley, Kelly R Moran, Kshitij Wagh, Lauren A Castro, James Theiler, Hyejin Yoon, Will Fischer, Nick W Hengartner, Bette Korber, and Sara Y Del Valle
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SummaryBackgroundThroughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has continued to evolve, with new variants outcompeting existing variants and often leading to different dynamics of disease spread.MethodsIn this paper, we performed a retrospective analysis using longitudinal sequencing data to characterize differences in the speed, calendar timing, and magnitude of 13 SARS-CoV-2 variant waves/transitions for 215 countries and sub-country regions, between October 2020 and October 2022. We then clustered geographic locations in terms of their variant behavior across all Omicron variants, allowing us to identify groups of locations exhibiting similar variant transitions. Finally, we explored relationships between heterogeneity in these variant waves and time-varying factors, including vaccination status of the population, governmental policy, and the number of variants in simultaneous competition.FindingsThis work demonstrates associations between the behavior of an emerging variant and the number of co-circulating variants as well as the demographic context of the population. We also observed an association between high vaccination rates and variant transition dynamics prior to the Mu and Delta variant transitions.InterpretationThese results suggest the behavior of an emergent variant may be sensitive to the immunologic and demographic context of its location. Additionally, this work represents the most comprehensive characterization of variant transitions globally to date.FundingLaboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD), Los Alamos National LaboratoryResearch in contextEvidence before this studySARS-CoV-2 variants with a selective advantage are continuing to emerge, resulting in variant transitions that can give rise to new waves in global COVID-19 cases and changing dynamics of disease spread. While variant transitions have been well studied individually, more work is needed to better understand how variant transitions have occurred in the past and how properties of these transitions may relate to vaccination rates, natural immunity, and population demographics.Added value of this studyOur retrospective study integrates metadata based on 12.8 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences available through the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) with clinical and demographic data to characterize heterogeneity in variant waves/transitions across the globe throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrate that properties of the variant transitions (e.g., speed, timing, and magnitude of the transition) are associated with vaccination rates, prior COVID-19 cases, and the number of co-circulating variants in competition.Implications of all the available evidenceOur results indicate that there is substantial heterogeneity in how an emerging variant may compete with other viral variants across locations, and suggest that each location’s contemporaneous immunologic landscape may play a role in these interactions. more...
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- 2022
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49. Ejaculate for Microbiological Culture: To Wash or Not To Wash?
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Tom Theiler, Ioana Diana Olaru, Charlotte Kilzer, Franziska Schuler, and Frieder Schaumburg
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Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Ecology ,Physiology ,Genetics ,Cell Biology - Abstract
Bacteria can be associated with male infertility. Antibacterial substances (e.g., zinc-containing proteins, antimicrobial peptides) in ejaculates might impair the growth of bacteria in culture. We therefore wanted to test if removing antibacterial substances by washing the ejaculate could improve the detection of bacteria in culture. All ejaculates from patients ≥18 years old, which were obtained for routine diagnostics to assess male infertility were included in this study (no exclusion criteria were applied). Test samples were diluted with 2 mL sterile 0.45% saline, vortexed, and centrifuged (5 min; 7.5 × more...
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- 2022
50. Substantial Neutralization Escape by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant BQ.1.1
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Jessica Miller, Nicole P. Hachmann, Ai-ris Y. Collier, Ninaad Lasrado, Camille R. Mazurek, Robert C. Patio, Olivia Powers, Nehalee Surve, James Theiler, Bette Korber, and Dan H. Barouch
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Omicron BA.5 has been the globally dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant and has demonstrated substantial neutralization escape compared with prior variants. Additional Omicron variants have recently emerged, including BA.4.6, BF.7, BA.2.75.2, and BQ.1.1, all of which have the Spike R346T mutation. In particular, BQ.1.1 has rapidly increased in frequency, and BA.5 has recently declined to less than half of viruses in the United States. Our data demonstrate that BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1 escape NAbs induced by infection and vaccination more effectively than BA.5. BQ.1.1 NAb titers were lower than BA.5 NAb titers by a factor of 7 in two cohorts of individuals who received the monovalent or bivalent mRNA vaccine boosters. These findings provide the immunologic context for the rapid increase in BQ.1.1 prevalence in regions where BA.5 is dominant and have implications for both vaccine immunity and natural immunity. more...
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- 2022
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