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In China's work sector, gender discrimination has been a severe problem for a very long time. Women's development in the marketplace is hindered by a variety of obstacles, including legislation, the implementation of a market economy, and conventional beliefs. These obstacles limit women's advancement in a variety of professions and even have an impact on the overall economic growth of the country. The author makes use of Becker's theory of discrimination to analyze the problem of the circumstance of employment difficulties encountered by female workers and is of the opinion that the severity of gender discrimination in the labor market in China is because of the conventional concepts and natural attachment costs of women. As a natural consequence of this, businesses will naturally avoid hiring female employees, even though doing so may cause them to forego some of their earnings. Based on the analysis, several suggestions could be given to better the circumstance of employment of women in China. First, policies could be enacted to protect both the employers’ and female workers’ interests. Second, fertility costs should be socialized. Finally, women should improve their inhere quality. Gender discrimination in the labor market in China could be therefore improved.

Numerous cellular components have been well demonstrated in human breast milk. However, little is known about their dynamic change, influencing factors, and potential clinical impacts on infants.Sixty and forty-five healthy mother-infant pairs were enrolled in the colostrum group and mature milk group, respectively. Participants' demographic and clinical information were collected by questionnaires, and the infants were followed up until 6 months after birth through telephone interview. Colostrum and mature milk were collected, and the percentage of various cell components were determined by flow cytometric analysis.The results showed that, the total cell numbers, and the percentages of some stem cells, including CD34+, CD117+, CD133+, CD90+, CD105+, and CD146+ cells, were different in colostrum and mature milk. Besides, participants' characteristics had influence on the cellular components. Finally, high-CD34+ cells in colostrum, as well as the high-CD133+ cells and low-CD105+ cells in mature milk were associated with a significantly increased risk of infantile eczema within their first 3 months after birth.Our data showed a dynamic change of cellular components, identified some of their influencing factors and their potential clinical impacts on infantile eczema, which helps to better understand the cellular components in human breast milk.Some stem cell markers were dynamically changed in human colostrum and mature milk. Different cellular components were shown to be influenced by different participants' characteristics. High percentage of CD34+ cells in colostrum, as well as high percentage of CD133+ cells and low percentage of CD105+ cells in mature milk, were associated with a significantly increased risk of infantile eczema within their first 3 months after birth. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the clinical impacts of stem cells on infantile diseases, which helps to give a better understanding of human breast milk.

To determine the potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS).We selected the GSE11783, GSE57560 and GSE621 datasets from the GEO database and merged them. R software was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IC/BPS and normal bladder tissues. The "String" online tool is used to analyze DEGs interaction and functional protein enrichment. CIBERSORT online tool was used to analyze the infiltration of immune cells. In addition, we verified the function of BTK in IC/BPS at the clinical samples and cells level.Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 5 genes were significantly overexpressed in IC/BPS, and the protein-protein interaction diagram showed that BTK was a critical link between these five proteins. At the same time, functional enrichment showed that they were significantly related to innate immunity. Immunoinfiltration showed that mast cell resting in IC/BPS was significantly higher. IHC staining of clinical samples showed that the mast cell markers Tryptase and BTK were highly expressed in IC/BPS tissues. At the cell level, knockdown of BTK inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and degranulation of mast cells.This study provides a new perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in IC/BPS and suggests that BTK may be a target for treating IC/BPS.

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a simple and popular tool for processing high-dimensional data. We investigate its effectiveness for matrix denoising. We assume i.i.d. high dimensional Gaussian noises with standard deviation $\sigma$ are added to clean data generated from a low dimensional subspace. We show that the distance between each pair of PCA-denoised data point and the clean data point is uniformly bounded by $\Otilde(\sigma)$, assuming a low-rank data matrix with mild singular value assumptions. We show such a condition could arise even if the data lies on curves. We then provide a general lower bound for the error of the denoised data matrix, which indicates PCA denoising gives a uniform error bound that is rate-optimal. Furthermore, we examine how the error bound impacts downstream applications such as empirical risk minimization, clustering, and manifold learning. Numerical results validate our theoretical findings and reveal the importance of the uniform error., Comment: 26 pages, 2 figures

Interactions of collective excitations often lead to rich emergent phenomena in many-particle quantum systems. In ordered magnets, the elementary excitations are spin waves (magnons), which obey Bose-Einstein statistics. Similar to the Cooper pairs in superconductors, magnons can be paired into bound states under attractive interactions. Even more interestingly, the Zeeman coupling to a magnetic field acts as a chemical potential that can tune the particle density through a quantum critical point (QCP), beyond which a ``hidden order'' is predicted to exist. However, experimental confirmation of this QCP and the associated new state of matter remain elusive. Here we report direct observation of the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of the two-magnon bound state in Na$_2$BaNi(PO$_4$)$_2$. Comprehensive thermodynamic measurements confirmed the existence of a two-dimensional BEC-QCP at the saturation field. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments were performed to accurately establish the magnetic exchange model. An exact solution of the model found stable 2-magnon bound states that were further confirmed by an electron spin resonance (ESR) experiment, demonstrating that the QCP is due to the pair condensation and the phase below saturation field is the long-sought-after spin nematic (SN) phase., 53 pages, 28 figures

At present, the researches on the mechanical properties of sand aggregate mainly focus on the shaping process of particles, and lack the researches on the crushing mechanism. This paper first defines the shaping process of stone powder wall, and explores the crushing mechanism of sand aggregate by adopting multiple times of small energy crushing. The effect of energy is investigated by simulation and experiment. The machine-made sand crushing mechanism is analyzed by establishing corresponding contact mathematical models. The result shows that the stone powder wall involves two mathematical models under impact: the elastic-plastic model at low impact velocity and the elastic-brittle model at high impact velocity. '''Key words:''' machine-made sand; stone powder wall; crushing mechanism; mechanical contact model

Objective To investigate the effects of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) on acute and chronic post-surgical pain in patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy. Methods A total of 94 patients, who underwent elective unilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic lobotomy from August 2021 to December 2021 were randomly divided into general anesthesia group (group A, n = 46) and ESPB combined with general anesthesia group (group B, n = 48) by computer. Patient controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA) was performed in both groups after operation. The numerical rating scale(NRS) of rest and cough pain at post anesthesia care unit(PACU), 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 and 48 h after operation, frequency of PCIA in 24 h after operation, frequency of rescue analgesia, patient satisfaction, adverse reactions and complications were recorded in the two groups. Incidence of chronic pain at 3 months and 6 months after operation, the effect of daily life and rating of chronic pain management measures were recorded in the two groups. Results Compared with group A, rest and cough NRS score at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 and 48 h after surgery, frequency of PCIA use at 24 h after surgery, frequency of rescue analgesia were significantly decreased in group B (P P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative chronic pain between the 2 groups(P > 0.05);The effect of postoperative chronic pain on daily life and pain management measures in group B were significantly lower than those in group A(P P Conclusion Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block can significantly reduce acute post-surgical pain, can not reduce the incidence of chronic post-surgical pain, but can significantly reduce the severity of chronic pain in patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy. Trial registration ChiCTR2100050313,date of registration:26/08/2021

Masked autoencoders (MAE) have recently been introduced to 3D self-supervised pretraining for point clouds due to their great success in NLP and computer vision. Unlike MAEs used in the image domain, where the pretext task is to restore features at the masked pixels, such as colors, the existing 3D MAE works reconstruct the missing geometry only, i.e, the location of the masked points. In contrast to previous studies, we advocate that point location recovery is inessential and restoring intrinsic point features is much superior. To this end, we propose to ignore point position reconstruction and recover high-order features at masked points including surface normals and surface variations, through a novel attention-based decoder which is independent of the encoder design. We validate the effectiveness of our pretext task and decoder design using different encoder structures for 3D training and demonstrate the advantages of our pretrained networks on various point cloud analysis tasks., 11 pages, 4 figures

We report a method for producing ultracold HD+ molecular ions populated in a rotational ground state in an ion trap based on [2+1'] resonance-enhanced threshold photoionization (RETPI) and sympathetic cooling with the laser-cooled Be$^+$ ions. The effect of electric field of the ion trap on the RETPI process of neutral HD molecules and the blackbody radiation (BBR) on the population evolution of rotational states of the generated polar HD+ ions have been studied. The initial rotational ground state population of HD$^+$ ions is 0.93(12). After the cumulation time of 5 s, the rotational ground state population is reduced to 0.77(8) due to the BBR coupling. This method of generating ultracold state-selected HD$^+$ ions is beneficial for the studies in precision rovibrational spectroscopy, state-controlled cold chemical reaction, and quantum logic spectroscopy., accepted by PRA, 7 pages, 7 figures

Supplementary Text - PDF file 435K, This file contains supplementary methods, figure legends for supplementary figures S1-S5, descriptions for supplementary tables S1-S14, legends for supplementary methods figures SM1-SM15, supplementary references 1-7, and supplementary methods figures SM1-SM15

Supplementary Figures PDF - file 648K, This file contains supplementary figures S1-S5. Figure S1 has additional copy number analysis. Figure S2 expands on the integration of gene expression and copy number analysis. Figures S3-S4 provide additional data on the function and mechanism of activated NOTCH1 expression in cell lines. Figure S5 shows inhibition of CASP8 promotes tumorigenesis

Supplementary Tables -XLSX file 2328K, This file contains supplemental tables S1-S14. These tables describe the clinical, pathological and genomic information for this study. Also included are GISTIC peak information, expression and copy number correlations, additional expression and methylation data, sequencing coverage and mutation data for patients and cell lines, and expanded pathway and targeted event information

The survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not changed significantly in several decades, leading clinicians and investigators to search for promising molecular targets. To this end, we conducted comprehensive genomic analysis of gene expression, copy number, methylation, and point mutations in OSCC. Integrated analysis revealed more somatic events than previously reported, identifying four major driver pathways (mitogenic signaling, Notch, cell cycle, and TP53) and two additional key genes (FAT1, CASP8). The Notch pathway was defective in 66% of patients, and in follow-up studies of mechanism, functional NOTCH1 signaling inhibited proliferation of OSCC cell lines. Frequent mutation of caspase-8 (CASP8) defines a new molecular subtype of OSCC with few copy number changes. Although genomic alterations are dominated by loss of tumor suppressor genes, 80% of patients harbored at least one genomic alteration in a targetable gene, suggesting that novel approaches to treatment may be possible for this debilitating subset of head and neck cancers.Significance: This is the first integrated genomic analysis of OSCC. Only through integrated multiplatform analysis was it possible to identify four key pathways. We also discovered a new disease subtype associated with CASP8 and HRAS mutation. Finally, many candidate targetable events were found and provide hope for future genomically driven therapeutic strategies. Cancer Discov; 3(7); 770–81. ©2013 AACR.See related commentary by Iglesias-Bartolome et al., p. 722This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 705

A novel

The ubiquitous availability of cost-effective cameras has rendered large scale collection of street view data a straightforward endeavour. Yet, the effective use of these data to assist autonomous driving remains a challenge, especially lack of exploration and exploitation of stereo images with abundant perceptible depth. In this paper, we propose a novel Depth-embedded Instance Segmentation Network (DISNet) which can effectively improve the performance of instance segmentation by incorporating the depth information of stereo images. The proposed network takes binocular images as input to observe the displacement of the object and estimate the corresponding depth perception without additional supervisions. Furthermore, we introduce a new module for computing the depth cost-volume, which can be integrated with the colour cost-volume to jointly capture useful disparities of stereo images. The shared-weights structure of Siamese Network is applied to learn the intrinsic information of stereo images while reducing the computational burden. Extensive experiments have been carried out on publicly available datasets (i.e., Cityscapes and KITTI), and the obtained results clearly demonstrate the superiority in segmenting instances with different depths.

By combining the distinctive noninvasive feature with the peculiar complete functional implementation trait, fully integrated raw noninvasive biofluid glucose biosensors offer active and remote glucose monitoring while posing minimal harm or infection risks compared to the traditional invasive manner. However, each previously reported fully integrated raw noninvasive biofluid glucose biosensor is solely focused on single-type raw noninvasive biofluid analysis. Given the diversity and complexity of subjects' physical conditions, single-type raw noninvasive biofluids are inappropriate to all crowds (e.g., sweat collection/analysis could be inapplicable for dermatopathic subjects). Here, we demonstrate the first example of a universal fully integrated nanoelectronic system with the unique capability to point-of-care and universally monitor diverse raw noninvasive biofluid (i.e., sweat, tears, and saliva) glucose by combining a flexible and disposable microfluidic enzymatic biosensor (named i

Citizens’ cybersecurity behaviors are an important concern in the modern age. This work discusses the challenges of studying citizen cybersecurity behaviors and the directions for future research. peerReviewed

One fundamental problem when solving inverse problems is how to find regularization parameters. This article considers solving this problem using data-driven bilevel optimization, i.e. we consider the adaptive learning of the regularization parameter from data by means of optimization. This approach can be interpreted as solving an empirical risk minimization problem, and we analyze its performance in the large data sample size limit for general nonlinear problems. We demonstrate how to implement our framework on linear inverse problems, where we can further show the inverse accuracy does not depend on the ambient space dimension. To reduce the associated computational cost, online numerical schemes are derived using the stochastic gradient descent method. We prove convergence of these numerical schemes under suitable assumptions on the forward problem. Numerical experiments are presented illustrating the theoretical results and demonstrating the applicability and efficiency of the proposed approaches for various linear and nonlinear inverse problems, including Darcy flow, the eikonal equation, and an image denoising example.

A new palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative strategy has been developed toward direct cyclocarbonylation of [60]fullerene, selectively furnishing novel [60]fullerene-fused 3-vinylcyclopentan-4-ones and cyclopentane-4-carbaldehydes.

Apoptosis is absent in vivo in an orthotopic mouse model of oral tongue bearing HPV negative HNSCC tumor cells treated with AZD-1775 and cisplatin.

Supplementary Figure S1. Conservative isobologram plots showing the synergistic interactions of cisplatin and AZD-1775 in HPV+ HNSCC cells; and Supplementary Figure S2. Wee-1 kinase inhibition triggers persistent DNA damage response associated with impaired homologous recombination in HPV+ HNSCC cells.

Supplementary Figure S3. Percentage of cell-cycle distribution in HPV+ HNSCC cells; and Supplementary Figure S4. AZD-1775 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in HPV+ but not the HPV- HNSCC cells.

Supplementary Figure S5. Downregulation of MCl-1, XIAP and their cleavage by AZD-1775 in HPV+ HNSCC cells are caspase-dependent;and Supplementary Figure S6. mRNA levels of MCl-1, XIAP and stable forced expression of MCl-1 in HPV+ HNSCC cells.

AZD-1775 as a single agent shows antitumor activity in HPV+ patient derived xenografts xenograft (PDX).

PDF file - 90K, Expression pattern of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in early and late passage SNUC cells. Expression pattern of epithelial markers (pan-keratin and E-cadherin) and mesenchymal markers (α-SMA and vimentin) in both early (at passage number 17 in MDA8788-6 and at passage number 15 in MDA8788-7) and late passage (at passage number 40) in the SNUC cells was analyzed by Western blotting. Both early and late passage of SNUC cells expressed only the epithelial markers and did not expressed mesenchymal markers.

PDF file - 88K, STR profile of the original specimen and MDA8788 cells

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Nature-inspired swarm-based algorithms are increasingly applied to tackle high-dimensional and complex optimization problems across disciplines. They are general purpose optimization algorithms, easy to implement and assumption-free. Some common drawbacks of these algorithms are their premature convergence and the solution found may not be a global optimum. We propose a general, simple and effective strategy, called heterogeneous Perturbation–Projection (HPP), to enhance an algorithm’s exploration capability so that our sufficient convergence conditions are guaranteed to hold and the algorithm converges almost surely to a global optimum. In summary, HPP applies stochastic perturbation on half of the swarm agents and then project all agents onto the set of feasible solutions. We illustrate this approach using three widely used nature-inspired swarm-based optimization algorithms: particle swarm optimization (PSO), bat algorithm (BAT) and Ant Colony Optimization for continuous domains (ACO). Extensive numerical experiments show that the three algorithms with the HPP strategy outperform the original versions with 60–80% the times with significant margins.

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Purpose: Although the majority of patients with HPV+ oropharyngeal cancers have a favorable prognosis, there are some patients with tumors that are resistant to aggressive chemoradiotherapy with unusual patterns of locoregional and systemic recurrences. Therefore, more effective therapies are needed. In this study, we investigated the chemosensitizing efficacy of the selective Wee-1 kinase inhibitor, AZD-1775, in HPV+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Experimental Design: Clonogenic survival assays and an orthotopic mouse model of HPV+ oral cancer were used to examine the in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of HPV+ HNSCC cell lines to AZD-1775 in combination with cisplatin, respectively. Cell-cycle analysis, DNA damage (γH2AX), homologous recombination (HR), and apoptosis were examined to dissect molecular mechanisms.Results: We found that AZD-1775 displays single-agent activity and enhances the response of HPV+ HNSCC cells to cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. The sensitivity of the HPV+ HNSCC cells to AZD-1775 alone or in combination with cisplatin was associated with G2 checkpoint abrogation, persistent DNA damage, and apoptosis induction. This finding of AZD-1775 increasing the sensitivity of HPV+ HNSCC cells to cisplatin through apoptosis was not seen previously in the HPV− HNSCC cancer cells and is accompanied by a decreased expression of the antiapoptotic proteins, MCl-1and XIAP, which appear to be cleaved following AZD-1775 treatment.Conclusions: AZD-1775 selectively sensitizes HPV+ HNSCC cells and orthotopic oral xenografts to cisplatin through apoptosis and support the clinical investigation of AZD-1775 in combination with cisplatin particularly in patients with advanced and recurrent metastatic HPV+ HNSCC tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 21(21); 4831–44. ©2015 AACR.

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PDF file - 79K, Cytogenetic analysis of the MDA8788-7 cell line. Representative G-banding of MDA8788-7 showed the same translocation in MDA8788-6; m1 t (1:17), m2 t (1:22), m3 t (1:15), m4 t (2:12), m5 t (4:15), m6 t (3:6), m7 t (8:19), m8 t (9:10), m9 t (9:16), m10 t (13:13), m11 t (14, 14) and m12 t (18:19).

Purpose: Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a rare and aggressive cancer. Despite the use of multimodality treatment, the overall prognosis remains poor. To better understand the biologic features of SNUC and help develop new therapies for the disease, we established SNUC cell lines and characterized their biologic behaviors.Experimental Design: Cell lines were established from a patient with a T4N0M0 SNUC of the right maxillary sinus who was treated with surgical resection at our center. Tumor colonies were harvested and were sequentially replated onto larger plates. Two populations were developed and labeled MDA8788-6 and MDA8788-7. These cell lines were characterized with molecular, biomarker, functional, and histologic analyses.Results: Short tandem repeat genotyping revealed that the cell line is isogenic to the parental tumor, and cytogenetic analysis identified 12 chromosomal translocations. The SNUC cell lines do not form colonies in soft agar but are tumorigenic and nonmetastatic in an orthotopic mouse model of sinonasal cancer. Western blot analysis revealed that both MDA8788 cell lines express epithelial markers but do not express mesenchymal markers or the endocrine marker synaptophysin.Conclusions: This is the first report of the establishment of stable human-derived SNUC cell lines. The lines were highly tumorigenic and maintain the histologic and molecular features of the original tumor. These cell lines should serve as useful tools for the future study of SNUC biology and the development and testing of novel therapies for this deadly disease. Clin Cancer Res; 18(22); 6178–87. ©2012 AACR.

PDF file - 157K, Expression pattern of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in early and late passage SNUC cells. Expression pattern of epithelial markers (pan-keratin and E-cadherin) and mesenchymal markers (α-SMA and vimentin) in both early (at passage number 17 in MDA8788-6 and at passage number 15 in MDA8788-7) and late passage (at passage number 40) in the SNUC cells was analyzed by Western blotting. Both early and late passage of SNUC cells expressed only the epithelial markers and did not expressed mesenchymal markers.

PDF file - 169K, Tumorigenicity of MDA8788-7 cells. Tumorigenicity was examined by injecting cells into the flanks of the mice. (A) The cells injected into the flank without Matrigel formed in 75% of mice (6 of 8 mice). (B) By adding Matrigel, tumors grew much larger than the ones without adding Matrigel. (C) Average size of the tumors. (D) H& E staining from the tumor of the flank injection showed very similar appearance to the surgical specimen from the SNUC patient. The original magnifications x40 (left) and x200 (right).

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In this paper, we introduce a novel 3D-aware image generation method that leverages 2D diffusion models. We formulate the 3D-aware image generation task as multiview 2D image set generation, and further to a sequential unconditional-conditional multiview image generation process. This allows us to utilize 2D diffusion models to boost the generative modeling power of the method. Additionally, we incorporate depth information from monocular depth estimators to construct the training data for the conditional diffusion model using only still images. We train our method on a large-scale dataset, i.e., ImageNet, which is not addressed by previous methods. It produces high-quality images that significantly outperform prior methods. Furthermore, our approach showcases its capability to generate instances with large view angles, even though the training images are diverse and unaligned, gathered from "in-the-wild" real-world environments., Website: https://jeffreyxiang.github.io/ivid/

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Supplementary Figure Legends

Analysis of combined drug effects; Immunofluorescence; Caspase-Glo 3/7 activity assay; Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR); Orthotopic Mouse Model of Oral Cavity Cancer and Tumor Growth Delay; Generation of patient-derived HNSCC xenografts and treatment with AZD-1775; Immunohistochemistry; and In vivo TUNEL assay.

Purpose: To characterize tumor growth and metastatic potential in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines in an orthotopic murine model of oral tongue cancer and to correlate TP53 mutation status with these findings.Experimental Design: Cells from each of 48 HNSCC cell lines were orthotopically injected into the oral tongues of nude mice. Tumor volume, cervical lymph node metastasis, and mouse survival were recorded. Direct sequencing of the TP53 gene and Western blot analysis for the p53 protein after induction with 5-fluorouracil was conducted. Cell lines were categorized as either mutant TP53 or wild-type TP53, and lines with TP53 mutation were further categorized on the basis of type of mutation (disruptive or nondisruptive) and level of p53 protein expression. The behavior of tumors in these different groups was compared.Results: These 48 HNSCC cell lines showed a wide range of behavior from highly aggressive and metastatic to no tumor formation. Mice injected with cells harboring disruptive TP53 mutations had faster tumor growth, greater incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis, and shorter survival than mice injected with cells lacking these mutations.Conclusions: HNSCC cell lines display a wide spectrum of behavior in an orthotopic model of oral cancer. Cell lines with disruptive TP53 mutations are more aggressive in this system, corroborating clinical reports that have linked these mutations to poor patient outcome. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6658–70. ©2011 AACR.

PDF file - 133K, In vitro migration and invasion assays in MDA8788-6 cells. 4 x 104 cells were plated in insert wells or Matrigel-coated wells in the presence of 10% FBS. After 48 hours, OSC19 used as a positive control showed massive migration and invasion, whereas MDA8788-6 did not show any of them. The original magnification is x50.

PCNA and p16 immunostaining in tumor of UMSCC47 oral xenografts mice

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