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We explored whether hysterectomy with or without bilateral oophorectomy was associated with the increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in an East Asian population. This was a retrospective population-based cohort study that analyzed DM risk in Taiwanese women, using a health insurance research database of 1998 to 2013 containing nearly 1 million people. We identified 7088 women aged 30 to 49 years who had undergone hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy. The comparison group included 27,845 women without a hysterectomy who were randomly selected from the population and matched to women in the hysterectomy group by age (exact year) and year of the surgery. DM comorbidities were identified. The incidence and hazard ratios for DM were calculated with Cox proportional hazard regression models. The median ages of patients in the hysterectomy and comparison groups were both approximately 44 years. After a median 7.1 years of follow-up, the incidence of DM was 40% higher in the hysterectomized women as compared with the comparisons (9.12 vs 6.78/1000 person-years, P

Studies on the relationship between gynecologic surgery and subsequent ovarian cancer have been carried out in limited Western ethnic groups. We aim to evaluate whether receiving hysterectomy and/or salpingectomy associated with ovarian cancer risk in Taiwan. From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified a gynecologic surgery cohort consisting of women who had newly received hysterectomy (N = 181,151), salpingectomy (N = 45,410) or both hysterectomy and salpingectomy (N = 11,875) in 2000 to 2013. A comparison cohort of 953,744 women was randomly selected from women without the surgeries, frequency-matched by age and index date of the surgery case. They were followed up to identify subsequent ovarian cancer by the end of 2013. The overall ovarian cancer incidence was 4.4-fold greater in the gynecologic surgery cohort than in the comparison cohort (41.5 vs 9.43 per 106 person-years) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.86 (95% confidence interval = 2.56–5.84). Women with both hysterectomy and salpingectomy had the highest incidence and followed by women with hysterectomy or salpingectomy (52.5, 45.5, or 23.3 per 106 person-years, respectively). No ovarian cancer was noted in the subgroup with bilateral salpingectomies. We conclude that women with gynecologic surgery of hysterectomy and/or salpingectomy are at an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, particularly among women who have had other gynecologic comorbidity. Women with gynecologic surgery and comorbidity deserve greater attention to prevent and screen for ovarian cancer.