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Currently cosmetic fillers are widely used for the aesthetic purpose of filling wrinkles, correcting age-related skin changes. At the same time, obtain- ing adequate anamnestic information about the history of filler injections from patients is often difficult, in connection with this, the number of cases of compli- cations when using these drugs is growing. Unlike other imaging methods, ul- trasound diagnostics in recent decades has been successfully used to detect and identify common types of cosmetic fillers and has become a method of visualizing the surface layers of the skin to combat these complications.

Various skin parameters such as the thickness of the epidermal echo, dermis and subcutaneous tissue, the surface area of individual layers, the thickness of the subepidermal layer with a low echogenic effect, the caliber of blood vessels, as well as the presence or absence of blood flow in the vessels, can be investigated with ultrasound. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate age-related changes and pathological lesions of the face skin using ultrasound examination of the different anatomical areas of the face in young and older women. Materials and methods. The thickness of different skin layers (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis) was measured in the area of the interbrow zone, chin, nasolabial folds and cheeks in 52 patients aged 15 to 75 years (mean age 44.3±11.9 years) using an ultrasound scanner Mindray DC- 8. The study was carried out in Department of Fundamental Medicine of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University. Statistical processing for the study results was performed in Microsoft Excel 2017 using average values (M), the reliability was determined using Student's criterion, and its critical level in this study was taken to be 0.05. Results and its discussion. The thickness of the epidermis was minimal in the nasolabial fold (0.039 cm) and the maximum (0.043 cm) in the chin. The thickness of the dermis was maximal in the interbrow zone (0.081 cm) and the smallest in the chin (0.062 cm). The thickness of the hypodermis was the biggest in the cheeks area (0.136 cm and 0.137 cm to the right and left, respectively), the smallest hypoderm thickness was recorded in the chin area (0.019 cm). A thickening of the dermis was established in patients after 40 years in all anatomical areas of the face with the achievement of a statistically significant difference in the nasolabial folds (p = 0.027) and cheeks (p = 0.01). It was found that the dermis was thickened in patients who used fillers in all anatomical areas of the face with a statistically significant (p

Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучения данных литературы о возрастных изменениях кожи лица, а также сравнительный анализ показателей ультразвукового исследования эпидермиса, дермы и гиподермы в разных анатомических зонах лица у женщин молодого и старшего возраста. Материалы и методы исследования. Был выполнен систематический обзор отечественных и зарубежных исследований. Проведено измерение толщины разных слоев кожи (эпидермис, дерма, гиподерма) в области межбровной зоны, подбородка, носогубной складки и щек у 52 пациенток в возрасте от 15 до 75 лет (средний возраст 44,3 ± 11,9 лет) при помощи ультразвукового сканера Mindray DC-8. Исследование осуществлялось на базе кафедры фундаментальной медицины Балтийского федерального университета им. Канта. Статистическая обработка полученных результатов исследования проводилась в программном обеспечении Microsoft Excel 2017 с использованием средних значений ( М ), достоверность определялась при помощи критерия Стьюдента, а ее критический уровень в данном исследовании принимали равным 0,05. Результаты и их обсуждение. Описанные в обзоре литературы исследования отечественных и зарубежных авторов свидетельствуют об изменении с возрастом структуры и качества всех слоев кожи лица у женщин, особенно дремы. При проведении нашего исследования было выявлено утолщение кожного покрова различных анатомических зон лица у женщин после 40 лет. Установлено утолщение дермы у пациенток после 40 лет во всех анатомических зонах лица с достижением статистически значимого различия в области носогубных складок (p = 0,027) и щек ( p = 0,01). Заключение. До настоящего времени уделялось мало внимания изучению возрастных изменений кожи лица при помощи ультразвука, поэтому не существует стандартных параметров оценки ее толщины, что требует продолжения исследования., The purpose of current investigation was to study literature data on age-related changes in facial skin and a comparative analysis of the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis ultrasound parameters in different anatomical areas of the face in young and older women. Materials and methods. A systematic review of local and foreign studies was carried out. The thickness of different skin layers (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis) was measured in the area of the interbrow zone, chin, nasolabial folds and cheeks (salivary gland) in 52 patients aged 15 to 75 years (mean age 44.3±11.9 years) using an ultrasound scanner Mindray DC-8. The study was carried out on the basis of the Department of Fundamental Medicine of the Baltic Federal University named after Kant. Statistical processing of the results of the study was performed in Microsoft Excel 2017 using average values (M), the reliability was determined using Student's criterion, and its critical level in this study was taken to be 0.05. Results and its discussion. Literature review results indicate a change in the structure and quality of all layers of the facial skin in women, especially naps, with age. During our study, thickening of the skin of various anatomical areas of the face in women after 40 years was revealed. A thickening of the dermis was established in patients after 40 years in all anatomical areas of the face with the achievement of a statistically significant difference in the nasolabial folds (p = 0.027) and cheeks (p = 0.01). Conclusion. In present, not much attention has been put to the ultrasound investigation pf age-related changes in facial skin; therefore, there are no standard parameters for assessing its thickness, which requires further research.

The use of ultrasound techniques in the diagnosis of skin cancer, inflammatory changes, as well as in cosmetic dermatology is promising. Ultrasound imaging of the skin is becoming an increasingly popular diagnostic tool and is a non-invasive diagnostic method that allows to evaluate in detail the condition and thickness of the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis in various areas of the skin.