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Background: Breast milk that comes out for the first time contains highly nutritious colostrum, has antibody, and very suitable food to consume for new born babies. Immediately after the baby was born, the baby is placed on the mother's breast without any hindrance, so the baby can breastfeed in the first hour and get warmth from the mother's body. Some research suggests that breastfeeding immediately after birth can prevent neonatal and infant death.Objective: This research was conducted to see whether the mother's residence, age, number of children, number of antenatal visits, type of childbirth delivery, and the childbirth assistant's affect the implementation of early breastfeeding.Method: This research will use a cross sectional by using the individual data from IDHS year 2017 with a total data sample of 14341.Results and Discussion: After being analysed using complex sample analysis, the analysis result will show the residence place, number of children, antenatal visits, type of childbirth delivery will become the determined factors from early child breastfeeding. It will be seen that the normal type of delivery allows for early breastfeeding initiation to be 3 times greater than labor with cesarean section after being controlled by variables of residence, number of children, and antenatal visits.Conclusion: Maternal age and birth attendants will not influence the occurrence of early initiation of breastfeeding; type of delivery, residence, number of children, and antenatal visits variables are released to early initiation of breastfeeding Keywords: Breastfeeding initiation; type of delivery; SDKI 2017

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-cpc-10.1177_10556656221132372 for Alveolar Repair Using Cancellous Bone and Beta Tricalcium Phosphate Seeded With Adipose-Derived Stem Cell by Indri Lakhsmi Putri, Fatchiyah, Coen Pramono, Indra Bachtiar, Fourier Dzar Eljabbar Latief, Budi Utomo, Arif Rachman, Pratiwi Soesilawati, Lukman Hakim, Fedik Abdul Rantam and David Sontani Perdanakusuma in The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal

The purpose of this study was to determine in vitro inhibition test of lime peel liquid (Citrus aurantifolia, Swingle) against E. coli. The E. coli isolate was cultured on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. Antibacterial test in this study using diffusion method. Negative control (K-) using CMC-Na 0.1%. Positive control (K+) using oxytetracycline antibiotics. The treatments were given lime peel liquid (Citrus aurantifolia, Swingle) with concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25%, respectively. The study design using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method, with six treatments and four repetitions. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test, Moreover, the Post Hoc Mann-Whitney method. The inhibition zone analysis results were showed that K + had significant differences compared to all treatments K-, 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. K- was found to be significantly different from treatments 100%, 75%, 50% and 25%. The results showed that the lime peel liquid has the potential as an antibacterial activity against the growth of E. coli in vitro. Concentration of 25% has shown the presence of inhibitory zones on Mueller Hinton media that have been inoculated with lime peel liquid.

Background: The main target of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T lymphocytes and several other immune cells that have CD4 receptors. They are also present in skin and mucosa, such as Langerhans cells (LC). Mucocutaneous lesions are one of the first clinical presentations of immunosuppression in HIV seropositive patients that manifest at different stages of the infection and require early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Purpose: To determine the clinical characteristics and the pattern of various mucocutaneous manifestations in Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients at Intermediate Care and Infectious Diseases Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study with a cross-sectional design. The study subject was classified as all HIV-AIDS patients with mucocutaneous manifestations treated in Intermediate Care and Infectious Diseases Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya in 2019. Result: Out of the 614 patients who participated in the study, 72.1% were males. The majority of patients were in the age group 25–49 years (75.4%). The most common risk factor was heterosexuality (41.7%). Based on the distribution of mucocutaneous manifestations, the most common mucocutaneous manifestation was candidiasis mucocutan 387 patients (49.4%) followed by the pruritic papular eruption (PPE) 118 patients (15.1%) and human papillomavirus infection 57 patients (7.3%). Conclusion: Mucocutaneous manifestations occur throughout the course of HIV infection, and they can be considered as good clinical indicators for the progression of the disease and underlying immune status in resource-poor settings.

Background: Psoriasis is a skin disease that occurs due to proliferation and differentiation disturbances of the epidermis. This chronic condition often reduces the human quality of life. There have been studies investigating psoriatic patient profiles and treatments, but few are conducted in Surabaya. Hence, those studies cannot fully represent the population demographic in Surabaya. Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of psoriasis vulgaris and the sociodemographic profile of the patients in Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital. Methods: This was a Retrospective study psoriasis vulgaris patients in January 2016–December 2018. The data were collected by retrieving Electronic Medical Records (EMR) as secondary data. Result: The psoriasis vulgaris prevalence of outpatients was 0.46% and 4.59% in inpatients. Most study subjects were adults aged 18 and above (98.1%), most of the patients were obese (46.3%), the most common provoking factor was focal tooth infection (33.8%) and stress (28.8%), and none reported family history of psoriasis. Conclusion: Some results are similar to other studies conducted in Surabaya, which were the obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) being strong a factor to psoriasis development. However, the result on psoriasis family history was not in line with other studies.

Study related to the production process of collagen extracts lately grown rapidly. Scientists are working to find a production process that efficient and effective, but the impact is very low in human. The production process of collagen extract performed by developed countries more applying chemical processes in order to increase production. However, the use of chemicals in the production process of course feared to affect humans as consumers. Collagen extracts usually produced from cattle bones and skin. Bone has potential as a raw material source of collagen as a health food anti-osteoporosis and premature aging [1]. Osteoporosis is one of the health problems that experienced by many people, especially the elderly. Osteoporosis cases were more experienced by women than men. The reason related to hormonal problems. Bone is one by-product of cattle that have not been widely used. Bone of broiler is one that has potential as a source of protein collagen. Bone is structurally rich in bioactive compounds, especially proteins collagen. It is bonded firmly with the minerals calcium and phosphorus. In producing the extract collagen from the bones, it takes demineralization. This process can use HCl 1M for 48 or 96 hours [2]. The use of solvent extractant has affected the quantity and quality of the product. One of them has affected the value of the yield, moisture content, protein content and calcium levels. The application of a solution of 0.5 M CH3COOH extractant has produced a better yield value [3]. In addition, the curing process needed to produce collagen extract optimum. The applications of the curing process for 4 days with a concentration of 9% (v/v) were to produce collagen extract better [4]. The Collagen is compound found in the bones of cattle. In principle, have similarities in terms of chemical composition, morphology, distribution, function and pathology with collagen compound owned by the human body [5]. Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular tissues of animal bodies. Collagen is a structural protein by the body tissues of cattle [6]. Recently, it has been widely used as a food supplement to prevent bone disease (osteoporosis), joint pain (osteoarthritis) and premature aging [7-8]. Collagen extract generally produced using chemical processes [9-10]. Structurally, bone is rich in bioactive compounds particularly collagen protein [11-12]. The production process is involving a chemical compound that needs special attention. Exposure to chemical compounds in the human body will certainly affect the body's metabolism. It is most important that chemical compounds have the potential to damage a particular organ in the human body. One of the organ in the human body that can be damaged due to exposure to the chemical compound is a kidney. To study the extent of organ damage in humans caused by the consumption of collagen extract is not possible to use human beings as objects of experimentation. Therefore, considered for the use of experimental animals, such as mice (Mus musculus). The researchers have carried out the use of mice (Mus musculus) as experimental material. Mice have many advantages such as short life cycle; mice can live up to the age of 1-3 years [13]. Kidneys are vital organs that function in homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of the plasma, particularly electrolytes and water. Kidneys regulate electrolytes and non-electrolytes of the body, as well as urine excrete excess [14]. The use of experimental animals in assessing the effect of chemical compounds of Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on the tissue structure of testicular has been done by previous researchers. Use of Aluminum chloride was combined with turmeric (Curcuma longa) indicates a change in the structure of the testes form tubular dilation and hypoplasia [15]. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of collagen extracts processed chemically to the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the kidneys in mice (Mus musculus). Needs collagen in the food and pharmaceutical industry has increased along with the development of human civilization. Extract collagen was produced through a chemical process that required special attention. The use of chemicals in the production process of collagen extract are potentially damage the organs, especially the kidneys. Therefore, prior to extract collagen administered to humans, it first has required testing. Impact consuming of collagen extracts were not tested on the humans, but it should be tested in animal experiments, for example mice (Mus musculus). Tests using experimental animals are very important to know the effects on the kidney when humans consume collagen extract. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of consumption of collagen extract of broiler's bone on the tissue structure of kidney. This study was conducted 30 individuals on male Balb/C mice (Mus musculus) (average body weight, 20-25 grams, age, 2-3 months as experimental animals. Treatment divided into 5 groups administered dose of the extract collagen, the groups A, B, C, D and E. Each group consisted of 6 mice were divided randomly. Dose of group A is 0 mg/kg of bw, dose of group B is 5 mg/kg of bw, dose of group C is 50 mg/kg of bw, dose of group D is 500 mg/kg of bw, and dose of group E is 5000 mg/kg of bw. Collagen extract given to the mice every week for 30 days. The results showed that based on macroscopic analysis, no significant differences related to the texture and consistency of the surface of the kidney of mice (Mus musculus) that consume collagen extract for 30 days unless a different color. Based on microscopic analysis showed that, the dosage 5-50 mg/kg of bw did not show significant differences related to changes in the structure of the kidney tissue of mice (Mus musculus) during consumption (30 days) extract collagen compared to controls (0 mg/kg of bw). However, the extract collagen doses of 500-5000 mg/kg of bw in mice (Mus musculus) for 30 days showed highly significant differences in kidney tissue structures, especially compared to the control (0 mg/kg of bw). The use of the extract collagen that consumed does not exceed the recommended dose of 50 mg/kg of bw per week

Propellers is part movement propulsion system of the ships wich duty for pushing of the ship at forwardmovement and towing the body of ship at backward movement. As a part mechanical drive propeller consist ofsome blade attached to the boss and mounted on the propeller shaft of the axis relationships from the mainengine of the ships. Propeller can drive of the ships both forward and backward with by rotating on its axis. Toproduce forward and backward movement of the ships can be done in two ways namely with use controllablepitch propellers and with use fixed pitch propellers.

Collagen, a hydrocolloid product resulted from partial hydrolysis of animal tissue, is currently used widely in food and pharmaceutical fields. Collagen extracts widely used by humans as a food supplement, especially for the elderly. Extract collagen from raw materials of broiler???s bone was chosen because it is relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain. The aims of this research was to study the effect of the consumption of collagen extract from broiler???s bone at different dose levels of the histological kidney of mice (Mus musculus). A total of 30 mice male, Balb/C strain, 2-3 months age, body weight of 20 to 25 grams was used as research. The objects were randomly divided into five groups and was used as research materials and each group consisted six of mice. Level dose of group A as control (0 mg/kg of body weight (bw), dose of group B (5 mg/kg of bw), dose of group C (50 mg/kg of bw), dose of group D (500 mg/kg of bw) and dose of group E (5000 mg/kg of bw). Microscopic observation in the kidney of mice was done after the consumption of collagen extracts. The results of this research showed that the dose limits extract collagen that is still acceptable of mice (Mus musculus) is 500 mg/kg of bw.

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the consumption of broiler bone collagen extract at different dose levels of the liver histology in mice (Mus musculus). A total of 30 mice male were randomly divided into five groups and was used as research materials and each group consisted six of mice. Level dose of A as control (0 mg/kg of Body Weight (BW), dose of B (5 mg/kg of BW), dose of C (50 mg/kg of BW), dose of D (500 mg/kg of BW) and dose of E (5000 mg/kg of BW). Microscopic observation in the liver of mice was done after the consumption of collagen extracts. The results of this research showed that the dose limits extract collagen that is still acceptable of mice (Mus musculus) is 500 mg/ BW.

2015 Budi Utomo (I 111 11 024) Pengaruh Pemberian Gelatin Tulang Ayam Terhadap Gambaran Makroskopis dan Mikroskopis Hati dan Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus), dibawah Bimbingan Muhammad Irfan Said sebagai Pembimbing Utama dan Farida Nur Yuliati sebagai Pembimbing Anggota. Gelatin merupakan suatu produk hasil dari proses hidrolisis parsial kolagen hewan yang banyak terdapat pada kulit, tulang dan jaringan ikat. Adanya larangan mengenai bahan makanan dan tambahan pangan yang berasal dari babi menjadikan potensi tulang ayam sebagai salah satu alternatif lain dalam pemilihan bahan baku gelatin. Proses pembuatan gelatin tulang ayam melalui proses kimia diduga memiliki dampak negatif, sehingga perlu dosis/takaran yang tepat. Penggunaan gelatin yang diproduksi menggunakan proses kimia diduga dapat memberikan pengaruh apabila suatu saat dikonsumsi oleh manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian gelatin tulang ayam pada organ hati dan ginjal mencit (Mus musculus). Materi yang digunakan yaitu mencit jantan sebanyak 30 ekor yang dibagi secara acak menjadi 5 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 6 ekor. Kelompok A sebagai kontrol, kelompok B diberi gelatin tulang ayam dengan dosis 5 mg/kg BB, kelompok C (50 mg/kg BB), kelompok D (500 mg/kg BB) dan kelompok E (5000 mg/kg BB). Pemberian suspensi gelatin 1 kali/minggu selama 30 hari (4 kali selama 1 bulan). Pengamatan makroskopis dan mikroskopis dilakukan pada akhir masa uji yaitu pada hari ke-30, dengan mengambil 2 ekor mencit secara acak disetiap perlakuannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi dosis gelatin tulang ayam yang diberikan maka kerusakan yang terjadi pada hati dan ginjal semakin besar pula. Hasil akhir disimpulkan bahwa pemberian dosis 5 mg/kg BB - 5000 mg/kg BB ini telah melebihi dari dosis normal. Kata Kunci : Gelatin, Tulang Ayam, Hati, Ginjal, Mencit (Mus musculus)

Up to now, montane rain forest of Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park, faces problem in the form of invasion of exotic plant species into the area. Location of the area that borders with various land uses, such as Botanical Garden and agricultural land, make it very susceptible toward invasion of plant species from outside the area. The collapse of large trees which normally constitute a mechanism of natural regeneration, was in fact stimulating the development of exotic species, particularly those which were invasive, inside the area. The objective of this research was to test the competitive ability of endemic species, which in this case was represented by Cleystocalyx operculata and Mischocarpus pentapetalus, toward exotic plant species, represented by Austroeupatoriun inulaefolium and Passiflora ligularis, during 5 months of study. Growth rate of exotic plant species, as well as the dry weight biomass, were larger than those of endemic species. Indirect estimation of competitive ability showed that competitive ability (β) of endemic species were 4-5 times less, namely 0.0274 (for C. operculata) and 0.0251 (for M. pentapetalus); as compared with those of exotic species, namely 0.125 (for P. ligularis) and 0.1104 (for A. inulaefolium). Direct test also proved that competitive ability (β) of endemic species was lower than that of exotic species, as shown by relative crowding value < 1. Estimation of future competitive ability, using diagram of input/ output ratio, showed also the disability of endemic species to compete with exotic species, where position of input/output ratio points were parallel with equilibrium line y=x. Considering those facts, there is urgent need for controlling these invasive exotic species inside the National Park area to maintain the sustainability of biodiversity and regeneration of endemic species in montane rain forest of Gunung Gede–Pangrango National Park. Keywords: endemic, exotic, invasion, competitive ability, regeneration

Kemampuan passing dalam permainan sepak bola merupakan teknik penting dalam permainan. Hasil observasi di SSB Pandawa Salatiga banyak yang menemukan kesulitan melakukan passing. Sebagian besar gerakan dalam melakukan masih kurang tepat serta melakukan dengan cara yang tidak benar dalam melakukan passing bawah bagian dalam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Peningkatan Keterampilan Passing Kaki Bagian Dalam Pada Sepak Bola Dengan Metode Drill Pada Siswa SSB Pandawa Salatiga. Penelitia ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif eksperimen semu. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan selama 6 minggu penelitian ini dilakukan dengan One-Group Pretest –PostTest Design menjadi desain penelitian ini. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 30 anak dengan purposive sampel dan 30 siswa SSB Pandawa Salatiga menjadi subjek penelitian ini. Tes ketepatan passing bawah David Lee menjadi instrument dan tes pengukuran digunakan untuk teknik pengumpulan data. Hasil nilai perolehan sig drills 0.000 < 0.05 dan t hitung sebesar 13,060 lebih besar dari t tabel berarti terdapat pengaruh drill terhadap passing. R square sebesar 0,859 dijadikan 85,9% menjadi besar peningkatan passing. Kesimpulannya terdapat pengaruh latihan drill terhadap keterampilan passing dan terdapat peningkatan yang besar dari latihan drill terhadap keterampilan passing pada siswa SSB Pandawa Salatiga. Abilitypassing Football game is an important technique in the game. The results of observations at SSB Pandawa Salatiga found it difficult to do sopassing. Most of the movements in carrying out are still not quite right and are not carried out in the right way in carrying out the inside bottom pass. The purpose of this research is to know the Improvement of SkillsPassing The Inner Feet In Football With The MethodDrill In Pandawa Salatiga SSB Students. This research is a type of quasi-experimental quantitative research. Data collection was carried out for 6 weeks. This research was carried out withOne-Group Pretest –PostTest Design into the design of this research. The total population of 30 children with a purposive sample and 30 students of SSB Pandawa Salatiga were the subjects of this study. David Lee's under passing accuracy test was used as an instrument and measurement tests were used for data collection techniques. The results of the acquisition value sigdrills 0.000

Pendidikan jasmani di sekolah secara menyeluruh melibatkan pembelajaran gerak, atau pengetahuan dalam perkembangan olahraga yang memiliki tujuan dengan diamanatkan terhadap pendidikan. Guru penjas harus memahami pengetahuan pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga untuk penguasaan cara mengajar. Metode penelitian yang dipakai yaitu kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman guru penjas terhadap penjas modern, serta mengungkapkan fakta, fenomena, dan keadaan yang terjadi saat penelitian berlangsung. Subjek penelitian adalah guru pendidikan jasmani SMP di Kecamatan Winong. Sumber pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi pada guru pendidikan jasmani. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa guru penjas SMP di Kecamatan Winong hanya memahami konsep penjas modern tanpa menerapkannya pada kegiatan pembelajaran. Hasil ini didapatkan berdasarkan pernyataan guru dalam wawancara yang menyatakan bahwa kurangnya pemahaman terhadap e-learning dan kurangnya motivasi guru untuk menciptakan kreativitas media pembelajaran yang di pakai. Physical Education in the school as a whole involves about motion or knowledge learning of sports development to mastery teaching. This study use descriptive qualitative method. In this study has purpose to know about physical education teacher's level of understanding modern physical sport, also to reveal a fact, phenomena and situation when did this research. Subject of the study are physical education teachers in Senior High Scholl that located on Winong. Source of data are interview and documentation of physical education teacher. The result of this study is represent that physical education teacher in Senior High School that located on Winong just understand about modern sport without apply it in learning activity. This result based on physical education teacher's statement when did interview. Their state that lack of understanding about e-learning and motivation to be creative in create some learning media that used.