Search

The article is devoted to the problem of monetary identity, which needs a detailed study in the context of the transformation processes of the modern world. The relevance of the study is that the identity of modern man is becoming unsteady. In seeking guidance for constructing one’s own “Self”, a person finds himself at a crossroads. They lose the identity they had from birth as members of traditional society and are forced to build it independently. The article reveals the preconditions for the emergence of an identity crisis in the context of the development of capitalism and the formation of the economic man. The purpose of the article is to determine the peculiarities of the formation of monetary identity, which has become essentially a by-product of the spread of Western values. To achieve this goal, a structural-functional analysis of social interactions of the subjects of identification has been conducted, as well as general scientific methods of synthesis and generalization of materials, analysis, comparison, deductive and inductive methods, etc. have been used. The main features of monetary identity are that a person begins to be guided by one’s own selfish principles, and money becomes the main value for such a person, appearing as a universal value that is equivalent to all other material values. In the modern world, monetary identity appears as a global and unstable one, it is formed artificially and serves the modern market for profit within the consumer society. It is concluded that in the modern world, money not only serves to improve the objective circumstances of life, but also becomes a means of achieving public recognition. The problem of monetary identity is especially relevant for Ukraine as a country that focuses on the Western type of management with its achievements, values and at the same time problems, and therefore requires further research.

Cultural heritage, understood as the selection of sites or cultural manifestations transmitted for future generations, is rooted in the nationalist projects of states during European modernity. After the terrible consequences of the world wars this conservation model was universalized searching to preserve the heritage of mankind and supporting, at the same time, the construction of a liberal international order. Since then, international organizations have sought to direct efforts towards this goal. In 1972 the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage emerged as a result of discussions at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). This convention was concerned about the deterioration or disappearance of cultural or natural heritage, something viewed as harmful and an impoverishment of the heritage of all the nations of the world. This is why the agreement summoned the states to participate in the protection of world heritage of outstanding universal value, by cultivating collective cooperation and assistance. A list of monuments and sites that form part of world heritage was established, in terms of aesthetic, historical, artistic or scientific criteria. However, over time, in the selection process of world heritage sites disputes and power asymmetries have arisen between countries around the control of space. This problem can be analyzed through Critical Heritage and Critical Geopolitics approaches, spanning the historical changes and current critical debates about heritage, as well as the political processes of narratives, metaphors and social image constructions around territory. We propose that nominating a territory as a world heritage site generates its alienation. That is, states absorb local territories (understood as a social construct) into dominant national narratives and images, subsequently, countries consolidate their appropriation by enlisting their nationalized territories within the meta-narrative of world heritage. In this process, countries must participate in a highly politicized and structurally unequal international negotiation that reproduces spatial hierarchies. Ultimately, these local territories and practices suffer a process of assimilation into the allegory of world heritage. With this in mind, the aim of this study is to analyze the territorial alienation of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List by Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries as a case study. This alienation occurs because, given the conditions of UNESCO, the countries of the region must adopt an artificial set of categories, typologies and narratives, absorbing or denying other territorial practices. This paper is divided in two sections. The first section gives a brief overview of world heritage origins centered on national projects within a specific European context, and explains Critical Heritage and Critical Geopolitics approaches. A discussion of the evolution of world heritage categories and symbolic aspects of power is reviewed, highlighting the imposition of historical narratives in official documents, the reproduction of aesthetic codes and the construction of imaginaries around the past of territories. The second section analyses the particular case of the World Heritage List in Latin America and the Caribbean. In order to study territorial alienations, methodologically we review countries ratifications of the 1972 convention, the total number of sites, obstacles in international negotiations, narratives, as well as historical events commemorated by the world heritage officially recognized in this part of the planet. The inscription of a site on the World Heritage List requires a nomination file. We used the UNESCO’s files to detect these historical narratives and discourses. Some conclusions are drawn, our findings would seem to show that world heritage sites in Latina America and the Caribbean are underrepresented compared to Europe and North America. In addition, these sites are geographically concentrated in South America, with the Caribbean as the least favored sub-region. At the beginning, countries were reluctant to ratify the 1972 convention due to the prevailing Cold War context, but gradually all countries in the region accepted the commitment. States like Mexico top the List of World Heritage sites, but others have no sites recognized; differences in the number of sites registered by the countries do not only stem from their geographical attributes and their historical past, but also because of the political, technical and economic potential to participate in diplomatic negotiations at UNESCO. Arguments for inscribing a site as world heritage in this region highlights the relevance of natural and exotic places. This looks like a continuity of dominant imperialist narratives during the conquest and colonization of the continent America. The separation between natural and cultural world heritage is an artificial division adopted, but contrary to some local traditions in the region. The arrival of Europeans to Latin America has been established as a time marker used for example to talk about “pre-Columbian” cultures. In any case, few sites commemorate pre-Columbian civilizations, with the exception of the Mayas and the Incas, which contrasts with the cultural diversity and traditional groups that are not part of these dominant versions of the past. It may be assumed that in historical commemorations of world heritage sites in this region, the colonial past is notoriously overvalued and magnified; that is, it is presented as a favorable stage indicating a kind of cultural sophistication for indigenous people. Amazingly, territories essential to fulfilling their goal of extracting natural resources for the European settlers are now uncritically recognized as world heritage (for example mining centers, plantations, seaports or strategic villages). Similarly, cultural sites of Roman Catholic Christianity are evoked as a favorable contribution for the historical regional memory, but denying impositions around the conflictive and complex process of evangelization; in the same way other religions and beliefs are omitted. There are many colonial sites enlisted as world heritage but very few referring to the modern history of the region, significantly reformist narratives are absent: independence movements, abolition of slavery or contemporary indigenous and black population claims are not raised. In summary, these results suggest that, from a critical perspective, the world heritage sites in Latina America and the Caribbean allow dominant relations to continue through values of European origin, selective historical narratives and illusory images as a colonized region. As long as other relevant regional historical events or social actors are ignored, the regional past and cultural heritage will be incomplete. The region reaffirms its peripheral and subordinated position in the international system through historical narratives acritically adopted. Latin American and Caribbean territories are more than exotic landscapes and places of colonial splendor for tourism. Analyzing world heritage from a critical perspective is a way to re-center the territory as a key axis in this dynamic and to recognize other memories and spatial relations.

У статті обґрунтована ідея, що художня література наділена великою силою виховного потенціалу. Література є одним із найголовніших чинників впливу на формування та виховання загальнолюдських цінностей та якостей людини у будь-якому віці. Особливий інтерес представляє проблема виховання за допомогою сучасної зарубіжної літератури такої загальнолюдської цінності, як любов. У статті розглянуто цю цінність як зацікавленість та прагнення до культивації у своїй свідомості таких чеснот, як добро, духовність, творення, прийняття себе та іншої людини. Література – це віддзеркалення дійсності, особливостей суспільства країни, мислення та звичок народів. Письменник, митець споглядає та відтворює дійсність середовища через призму свого сприйняття у творі. Літературний твір – це засіб комунікації автора, представника суспільства, народу окремої країни з читачем. Значна роль в процесі формування студентської молоді належить засобам художньої літератури. Високий виховний потенціал художньої літератури та сучасної зарубіжної літератури обумовлений специфікою її змісту, засвоєння якого розвивається особистістю та збагачує її внутрішній світ знаннями духовних цінностей, переживаннями їх смислової значущості. Таким чином, ми, занурюючись у світ, що його зображує митець, сприймаємо, відчуваємо емоції, думки, настрої, тенденції та проблеми розвитку або деградації людини, представника суспільства, нації, носія менталітету. Мета статті – дослідити виховний потенціал сучасної зарубіжної літератури щодо виховання любові.

İyi ve kötü, evrensel ahlâk ölçütlerini belirleyen temel kavramlardandır. Ancak iyi ve kötünün sınırlarını belirlemek kolay olmadığı gibi kişiden kişiye, toplumdan topluma değişen bir iyi ve kötü algısından söz edilebilir. Kant’a göre iyi, insanın eylemlerinin arkasındaki iyi niyete dayanır ve iyi niyet, yalnızca aklın iyi olduğunu bildiği şeyi seçme yetisidir. İyi niyetin koşulu, niyetin ve eylemin ödev olduğu için yapılmasıdır. Ödev de tüm kişiler için evrensel olarak bağlayıcı olan bir yasaya itaat şeklinde kabul edilir. Kant’ın sözünü ettiği bu yasa, ahlâk yasasıdır. Ahlâk yasası, insanın nasıl davranması gerektiğini bildirmez. Bu nedenle yasa, tüm insanlar için geçerli olabilecek maksimler (ilke) içermelidir. Kişinin maksimi, evrensel değerde ve kendi başına bir amaç niteliğindeyse ahlâkîdir ve ahlâk yasasına uygundur. Niyet ve irade etkileşimi sonucunda ortaya çıkan iyi ve kötü eylemler, edebiyatın da konusudur. Çalışmada, Reşat Nuri Güntekin’in Damga romanı kahramanı İffet’in niyet ve eylemleri; Kant’ın ahlâk anlayışının temel unsurlarından olan iyi niyet, iyi irade, vicdanî ahlâk, maksim gibi kavramlar üzerinden Kant’ın ahlâk yasasına göre sorgulanır. Evrensel bir ödev ahlâkını savunan Kant’ın ahlâk yasasını, İffet karakteriyle somutlaştırılan olaylar üzerinden okuma ve anlama yaklaşımları edebiyat ve felsefe disiplinlerinin müşterekliği bağlamında önemlidir., Good and bad are basic concepts that determine universal moral criteria. However, although it may be easy to learn the boundaries of good and bad for oneself, the perception of good and bad may still vary from person to person. According to Kant, good is based on good intentions in human actions, and a good intention requires choosing only what is known to be good. The condition of good faith is that the intention and the action are done because it is a duty. Duty is obedience to a law that is universally binding for all people. The law that Kant speaks of is the moral law. Such a moral code does not imply anything specific for how a person should behave. However, it should contain maxims (life principles) for all people. If the maxim of a person is of universal value and is an end in itself, it is moral, and it conforms to the moral law. The good and bad actions that occur in communication of intention and will are also subject of literature. In this study, the intentions and actions of İffet, the hero of Reşat Nuri Güntekin's Damga are investigated in relation to Kant's moral law, using concepts, such as goodwill, conscientious morality, and maxims, which are the basic elements of Kant's understanding of morality. Kant’s ethical laws, describing a universal duty for duty, and his approach to understand and to comprehend the events that occur to the character of İffet are important in the context of the commonality of the disciplines of literature and philosophy.

World Heritage is the pinnacle of the recognition of the natural, aesthetic, and cultural value of a place on the planet. Since its inception in 1972, over 1100 sites have received World Heritage status. Many of these places are being challenged by the effects of climate change. Urgent action is needed to build the resilience and adaptive capacity of World Heritage sites in the face of climate change threats to come. The Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area (WTWHA) is one of the most effectively regulated and managed protected Areas in the world. This includes the scientific evidence upon which that regulation and management is based. However, there is growing evidence that climate change impacts are a clear and present threat to the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) upon which the listing is based. This challenges the very concept of OUV and points to the business-as-usual regulation and management not being sufficient to deal with the threat. It also calls for quantum changes in the approaches to protecting natural and cultural heritage and the OUV in World Heritage Areas. This WTWHA case study gives insights into the journey travelled and the pathways that need to be laid out to protect our most cherished internationally recognised natural and cultural landscapes. We demonstrate the importance of evidence in support of advocacy and management action to address the clear impacts of climate change on species, ecosystems, people, and societies living in the WTWHA. The strategic and climate adaptation plans provide the framework upon which these actions take place. Community engagement in the delivery of mitigation, adaptation, and resilience policy is key to the long-term future of the WTWHA.

Аbstract. The importance of health as the highest universal value and the main factor in achieving success and well-being allows defining health-promoting competence as the key in the modern education system, especially inclusive. Objective. Definition, generalization and substantiation of conceptual approaches of health-forming activity in the process of adaptive physical education of children with hearing impairments as a component of the methodological basis of the concept developed by us. Methods. Analysis and synthesis of data of scientific and methodical literature, Internet resources, abstraction, content analysis of theoretical and methodical works, concretization and classification, forecasting. Results. The results of scientific research presented in the article demonstrated a wide range of scientific achievements in the direction of shaping the health of modern youth, encouraging the introduction into everyday life of new behaviors useful for health, and thus the successful upbringing of a healthy generation. Particular importance in the formation of health and a healthy lifestyle of the younger generation with established disorders of the body’s systems is given to the content of education, built in line with the methodological approaches of scientific knowledge. Keywords: concept, approach, methodology, health-promoting activity, hearing impairment, schoolchildren, children.

A comprehensive study of the perpetrator’s role leads to the following conclusions: “perpetrator of the crime” is a universal term used to describe an act that constitutes an objective element of the crime committed both in complicity and without complicity. Four alternatives to the actions of the perpetrator exist: executor who performed the objective element alone, an accomplice who performed the objective element with other accomplices, an indirect perpetrator, an indirect accomplice. Other ways to qualify person’s act as a perpetrator are based not on the law, but on the recommendations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation that de facto acquired the status of the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (joint participation in the organized group, joint participation in a crime with “technical distribution of roles”). The main element of the act of the perpetrator includes the fulfillment of the objective element described in the disposition of the article of the Special Part. The content of the objective element of a particular crime does not depend on the existence of complicity, hence the term “perpetrator” is applicable to any crime and has a universal value. It is impractical to describe in the law the same acts in different terms. “Technical distribution of roles” is a doctrinal term. Its content is disclosed in some resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the RF. Extensive interpretation of the term “perpetrator” in crimes with “technical distribution of roles” is a forced measure on the part of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, since the term “the group of persons in conspiracy” is interpreted restrictively. This interpretation complicates the application of the criminal law and does not allow us to adequately assess the greater risk of crimes committed in complicity. The term “technical distribution of roles” does not have a universal (acknowledged) interpretation in jurisprudence, which also makes it difficult to apply the law. Joint participation in a legal sense in crimes committed by an organized group is a construct that is not based on law applied to crimes with a special subject, which contradicts part 4, Art. 34 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

The pedagogical condition of training a future primary school teacher for the formation of environmental culture that is the use of appropriate traditional and innovative forms and methods in the direction of actualization of needs of children in nature protection activities is characterized. The implementation of this condition is based on the cooperation of lecturers and students of higher educational institutions and was carried out in classroom and during extracurricular activities. Updated curricula on the subjects "Fundamentals of Environmental Studies", "Methods of Teaching Subjects of the Integrated Course "I Explore the World" are provided.The program of pedagogical practice for students of higher educational establishments (3rd year, Specialty 013 Primary Education) with environmental content is updated – the purpose and objectives for each lesson for studying topics related to nature protection and environmental management issues are formulated: definition of teaching methods for nature protection and environmental management taking into account psychological and individual characteristics of children, self-analysis of the lesson on the integrated course "I Explore the World", analysis of a lesson taking into account the solution of pedagogic and educational tasks set before the lesson. The directions of educational (field) practice are specified: study and assessment of the state of nature of the native land; nature protection; topics and content of ecological excursions as a leading organizational form of educational (field) practice are diversified.The developments of the special seminar "Psychological and Pedagogical Foundations of Environmental Education of Primary School Children" are provided. The seminar consisted of three parts: 1) the first part "Nature as a Universal Value" revealed the global problems of the planet, the essence of environmental culture of a teacher; 2) in the second part – "Psychological Bases of Environmental Education of Primary School Children" psychological methods offormation of environmental consciousness and behaviour were studied; 3) the third part is devoted to the pedagogical foundations of environmental education of primary school children.

The notion of stakeholders is becoming increasingly significant in heritage management activities and planning. It is commonly argued that individuals, groups, organizations, environs, societies, institutions, and even the natural environment can be potential stakeholders. However, most of the case heritage sites are impacted and concerned by particular stakeholders such as the local community, regional government, and NGOs. Every project has stakeholders who can influence or be influenced by the project in a positive or negative manner. Mahasthangarh and its environs are a potential heritage site of South Asia that helps understand the chronological history and cultural development of Bengal Civilization. Like many other heritage sites in Bangladesh, Mahasthangarh faces serious threats and challenges which are damaging and waning its outstanding universal value of tangible and intangible heritage. Since site managers involve potential key stakeholders to enhance the sustainable heritage management, planning, reduce the possibility of conflict, increase the stakeholders’ ownership through regular communication, raising awareness, educational activities, and building campaigns, and to augment the community’s trust in heritage management; without the effective role of stakeholders, the outcomes are precarious and can be catastrophic. The paper will demonstrate the possibilities of using the roles of stakeholders as potential tools for safeguarding and managing the heritage site by using Mahasthangarh and its environs as a case study.

At the present stage of formation of the national system of preschool education the problem of holistic development and harmonious upbringing of the young generation is relevant. In the era of rapid development of technological progress, the decline of universal value orientations becomes noticeable. The article outlines the importance of the formation of moral and aesthetic feelings in preschool children and leading scientific works on the research problem. Definitions of the concepts "feelings", "moral feelings", "aesthetic feelings" are given, the definition of the concept "moral and aesthetic feelings" is given, taking into account the integration of the above definitions. It is determined that the process of formation of moral and aesthetic qualities is one of the manifestations of such a phenomenon as kalokagatia. This led to the coverage of such issues as: the formation of emotional and sensory sphere in preschool children, the prerequisites for studying this problem at the present stage, finding new ways to implement educational tasks. Among the proposed means, outlined common activities and different types of art, one of the leading, identified the art of music. This led to the presentation of the essential characteristics of musical art, and the need for theoretical justification of its effectiveness as a means of forming moral and aesthetic feelings in preschool children. As a result, the effectiveness of musical art as a means of educating moral and aesthetic feelings in preschool children was theoretically substantiated. This led to the definition of further prospects for the study, namely the urgent need for experimental verification, theoretically processed material.

In the capital Ankara, the ministerial buildings are symbolic structures undertaking the representation of political power. Following the proclamation of the Republic, the construction process began and these buildings still exist in present-day Ankara. Some of the buildings have served the same function since their construction, while others have been transferred to different functions or evacuated. Within the scope of the research, the Ministry of Health, which was the first “modern” structure in the scholarly researches that were constructed during the Early Republican Era and focused on the period, is examined. Although the building of Ministry of Health is referred as the first modern building built during the Republican era, there is no detailed research on it in the present literature. The study aims to both draw attention to this situation and to discuss the current state of the building within the context of the conservation of Modern Architectural Heritage. In order to sustain cultural and historical memory, it is important to preserve modern architectural structures and transfer them to the future. This attitude is also important in understanding the cultural reflections of the political transformation and modernization efforts at the beginning of the 20th century. The Ministry of Health building designed by Austrian architect Theodor Jost, is the first example of international architecture in Turkey. Therefore, the building forms a part of our modern architectural heritage, both in terms of its style and the period it was built. The building, which was registered as an immovable cultural heritage in 1986, served the same function for a period of 90 years. The research is limited to this process in which the building is used by the Ministry of Health. In the scope of the research the existing interior space was evaluated together with the renovation projects of the building in 2009. Although the building is within the scope of conservation, the examinations have shown that the interior of the building has been completely renewed. At this point, it has been seen that the criteria for the protection of modern architectural heritage in our country are uncertain therefore international approaches have been referred. In these approaches, considering the cultural context in which the building is located, preserving the authenticity of the architectural heritage, protecting the integrity of the modern architectural heritage with all the elements that give it universal value come to the forefront as important criteria. Data on the building are examined under the titles of the environment of the structure, building mass and interior spaces within the framework of these criteria that come to the fore in international regulations and agreements. As a result of the examination, it was seen that the building was registered individually, despite the importance of its location in the city and the associated public spaces. During the restoration works, it was determined that the historical context in which the building was built was ignored and the original building elements and atmosphere of the building interior were not preserved, even though the original design qualities were preserved on the facades.

Digital archaeologists claim that their practices have proven to be an important tool for mediating conflict, ensuring that the digital turn in archaeology entails engaging in current political issues. This can be questioned by analysing a copy of the Syrian Arch of Triumph. The original was destroyed in 2015. A year later, a copy was carved out of Egyptian marble; the replica was constructed thanks to digital documentation, which allowed archaeologists to create a 3D model. The arch was placed in various Western locations; however, it never reached Syria. Hybridity, the cultural and political significance of the arch’s replica and its ‘Grand Tour’ invite us to think about different interpretive layers of this artefact of ideological discourse (ontological, epistemological, ethical). In this paper, the replica of the Syrian arch will be analysed through the frameworks of post-colonial theory and technology studies. Both perspectives provide an insight into promising advantages and alarming drawbacks of such digital practices. This paper argues that the case of a copy of the Syrian Arch of Triumph on the one hand reflects the contemporary colonial technocracy in heritage politics (an ethical dimension), and on the other demonstrates that an ideological aspect of its digital reconstruction emerges from a speculative anticipation of what might constitute the universal value of world heritage in the future (an onto-epistemological dimension).

This paper defends human dignity in two ways. First, by confronting the criticism that human dignity does not serve an important function in contemporary moral discourse and that its function can be sufficiently performed by other moral terms. It is argued that this criticism invites a danger of moral reductionism, which impoverishes moral discourse. The authority of moral philosophy to correct widely shared moral intuitions, rooted in experiences of grave injustices and wrongs, is questioned. Secondly, dignity is defended by showing what is needed to uphold it, both in theory and practice. It is argued, and demonstrated through examples, that human dignity as a universal value ascribed to human beings and the virtue of dignified action are intimately related. This is fleshed out in terms of Kant's analysis of respect in the practical sense and of virtue as a commitment to the value of dignity as a constitutive end of our moral order. It is furthermore argued that theoretical attempts to ground respect for dignity in human capacities lead to a moral impasse. It is necessary to act as if every human being is worthy of respect. This practical approach requires institutions and specified moral obligations that are integral to the democratic ethos and the rule of law, which guarantees the equal status of human beings. This practical task requires that we consistently tease out and act on the implications of these principles rather than seek deeper justification for the equal worth of humans, articulated in the term human dignity.

En el proceso de desarrollo, el territorio no es un receptor pasivo de las intervenciones externas sino un espacio que tiene una estrategia propia de inserción en la dinámica general. El territorio es visto como un ‘entramado de intereses’ o un ‘agente de transformación social’; es decir, como un conjunto de relaciones sociales que dan origen y a la vez expresan una identidad y un sentido de propósito compartidos por múltiples agentes (Vázquez-Barquero, 2000). Este enfoque, es el que posibilitará que el turismo sea realmente un agente de desarrollo endógeno y sostenible. En este sentido; a través, de la presente nota científica en torno al Qhapaq-Ñan, las autoras buscan esclarecer las posibilidades de los territorios ubicados en sus cercanías para alcanzar un desarrollo local sostenible, a través del turismo, que genere oportunidades a fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de las comunidades locales sin afectar o alterar el patrimonio mundial. El Qhapaq-Ñan, en términos de patrimonio arqueológico, es el mayor bien patrimonial seriado que se conoce en el continente americano, abarcando seis países andinos. Este sistema vial andino constituye la expresión tangible de la expansión incaica y de la convivencia del orden imperial con las diversas culturas locales. La declaración del Qhapaq-Ñan como patrimonio mundial, en el año 2014, ha llevado a aunar esfuerzos conjuntos entre diversos países, diversas provincias, departamentos y diferentes sectores con el propósito de preservar este bien de valor universal excepcional.

Misperception and inhuman behave presented by Puritan in conducting state administration, consequently character of Hester Prynne in the novel of Nathaniel Hawthorn’s The Scarlet Letter under the implementation of religious values, law assembling, and political system. The implementation of Puritan’s inhuman religious, law and political values to Prynne’s personal character is something criminal behave, and assembling of the law in the case of sin of Prynne’s adultery presented by Custom House was irresponsible decision or immoral severance in front of court. Puritan’s values over the social living is regulated not only for social norms, culture, and law affairs, but even political matters, means that everything must be obeyed and be bent over the God’s rule, and so to whom (married woman) has committed adultery, must be committed as a sinner and impose a sentence in front of general public. It is a library research and used descriptive qualitative analysis. In challenging and lift it up the universal value in against suppressive, hegemonic in the case Prynn the writer used two approachings as solution to solve the problem and they are feminism perspective and deconstruction model as a solution over the Prynne’s problem.

This paper claims that deontological and consequentialist ethics are best distinguished with reference to different assumptions concerning moral accountability and accounting. Deontological ethics can thereby be defended against the accusation of inordinate concern with the moral purity of agents. Moreover, deontological ethics can and should reject being based on the concept of agent-relative value. Even under the assumption that deontological ethics can be consequentialized, agent-relative value need not play a fundamental role. This is not the same as denying agent-relativity a key role in deontological ethics. Deontological moral accounting of universal value should be regarded as agent-relative, whereas consequentialist accounting assumes a shared moral account of all moral agents.

This article unfolds around the controversial case of Georgia’s eleventh-century Bagrati Cathedral, which represents the only site to be removed from the World Heritage List as a result of its full-scale reconstruction. After its destruction in armed conflict by the end of the seventeenth century, the first conservation-restoration works on the monument were carried out in the 1950s. In 1994, partially reconstructed but still without a roof, Bagrati Cathedral had no issues in meeting the conditions of authenticity when the nomination was made for inscription in the World Heritage List. The conflict arose further when the conservation experts did not endorse the state party’s intention to fully rebuild the cathedral, notwithstanding the fact it was stated to be crucial for its functional continuity. The International Council on Monuments and Sites and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization took the view that this scale intervention would compromise the cathedral’s outstanding universal value and authenticity. This article offers a closer look at the decision-making process, from the nomination to the delisting of Bagrati Cathedral, and analyzes the factors contributing to the conflicting interpretations of the monument’s fundamental values among stakeholders. It addresses the issues from a broader perspective to include the historical-cultural background of Georgia and local approaches to preserving the religious sites, which tend to be overlooked in the discourse.

The Historic Center (Chorá) of Patmos, located in one of the Dodecanese Islands of Greece, was inscribed in the World Heritage List in 1999. The morphological feature, the housing typologies and the building techniques that characterize the Chorá provide an authentic and astonishing expression of the stylistic and typological models of the vernacular architecture of the Greek islands. This paper presents part of the research carried out on the Chorá of Patmos, within the 3D Past project, funded by the European Creative Europe program. The first part illustrates the results of the research concerning the analysis of the material components of the architectural heritage of Patmos: the urban structure, the evolution of the main architectural typologies, the feature of the main building systems. The second part of the paper presents the application of the Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA), a tool for the management of site transformations and in particular for identifying, forecasting and evaluating the impact of potential development on the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the properties. In the case of Patmos the application of HIA can provide an important contribution to manage changes and future transformations in order to preserve the cultural significance of the site and ensure its sustainable development.

PurposeRecently, a growing need for harmony has been observed worldwide. Harmony is a universal value in both Western and Asian countries. This paper aims to study how the concept of harmony is reflected in the innovation of European multinational grocery retailers and how harmony-related innovations affect the financial performance of the retailers.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on a multisource database including innovation outcomes and financial performance indicators of 17 European multinational grocery retailers in the period of 2011–2018. In sum, 1,399 innovations were identified by content analysis. The relationship between innovation outcomes and financial performance was measured by panel regression analysis.FindingsResults indicate that retailers differ in launching harmony-oriented innovations. Moreover, 40% more innovations are related to harmony with people as those related to harmony with nature. Finally, harmony-with-people innovations have a significantly positive effect on retailers' sales growth.Practical implicationsBased on the research findings, retailers can improve their sales growth by launching innovations that focus on harmony in human relationships.Originality/valueThis paper extended the concept of harmony to the field of innovations. First, the research showed how the value of harmony appears in the innovations of multinational retailers. Second, the study differentiated between harmony-with-people and harmony-with-nature innovations. Third, the findings revealed that harmony-oriented innovations contribute to retailers' financial performance.

Resumo Desde a aprovação, em 1972, da Convenção para a Proteção do Patrimônio Mundial, a Unesco – agência das Nações Unidas para a educação, ciência e cultura – avalia as candidaturas e atualiza a Lista do Patrimônio Mundial. Em sua procura de ampliar o espectro de tipos de patrimônio reconhecidos como de valor universal excepcional, na perspectiva de reconhecimento da diversidade humana e de sua produção sociocultural, a Unesco vem incorporando novas categorias e temas. Pretende-se avaliar os resultados alcançados pela Unesco em sua indicação de bens mundiais, à luz das diferenças regionais e de possíveis lacunas de reconhecimento da diversidade cultural, do cotidiano e da produção humana, como o patrimônio cultural relativo às ciências e à saúde. Abstract Since 1972, when the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has assessed applications and added properties to its World Heritage List. In a quest to broaden the scope of heritage of outstanding universal value, giving due recognition to human diversity and sociocultural expression, UNESCO has introduced new categories and topics. The results it has attained in its listing of heritage sites are evaluated in the light of regional differences and potential gaps in the recognition of cultural diversity and everyday human activities and production as health and scientific heritage.

Maturing to One’s Own Voice, or ‘Rejwach’ by Mikolaj Grynberg The early books by Mikolaj Grynberg containing conversations with survivors and their children allowed the writer to discover perspectives unknown to him before. With time these stories, combined with his own experiences, have become the basis for writing ‘Rejwach’. In the article, while introducing the author’s search for form, the author will show how the contemporary writing about the Holocaust has evolved. Grynberg, on the basis of testimonies he has heard, creates stories which many people affected by the Holocaust can identify with – people from the first, second and even third generation of survivors. Although fictitious, they have a universal value.

This article relies on two international projects to argue for the existence of a ‘centrarchy’ in the fields of education and technology (and beyond). Centrarchy denotes a power structure in which power rests with ‘the Centre’. The Centre signifies well-respected departments, top-tiered journals, the best editors, critical reviewers and leading authors; the Periphery denotes anyone else. The Centre has assigned itself the mission of guiding the Periphery out of its underdevelopment. It has served as a proxy for quality scholarship and believes that Periphery’s societies require a saviour (the Centre). It has ignored the knowledge that has (and could have) been produced by the Periphery’s researchers. Its ways of researching the world have been internalised and taken for granted by the Periphery’s academics, who have come to see these ways as the natural order and common sense. It has seen the Periphery’s societies as outliers appropriate merely for local case studies, whereas its case studies transcend locality and have universal value. The Centre–Periphery ‘wall’ is unbreachable because of empirically uninspected factors, which are unearthed here. This article, furthermore, shows some academics to be on ‘the periphery of the Periphery’.

Continuity is a key theme in conservation and one that appears in the text of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, which requests States Parties to continue to protect, conserve and present properties situated on their territories (Article 26). Despite this fact, it is not put into effect. Instead, the Operational Guidelines for the implementation of this Convention retain authenticity as a benchmark for assessing cultural heritage. This article scrutinizes Statements of Outstanding Universal Value (SOUV) to prove that continuity is the evidence presented to justify inscription. It reveals that at least 263 properties were inscribed on the World Heritage List not because their values are truthfully and credibly expressed through a variety of attributes as per the Operational Guidelines (Paragraph 82), but because their values and attributes continue to exist. It also reveals that continuity is a recurring concept in other sections of the SOUV, and this holds true for natural properties. Indeed, continuity applies to both cultural and natural heritage, and to tangible and intangible attributes, but this is never admitted in the Operational Guidelines. In terms of future research directions, the article suggests exploring how change within properties affects judgements about authenticity and how guidance on impact assessment can be improved to better achieve the goal of compatible change, concluding that &ldquo, an effective system of collective protection&rdquo, which is the raison-d&rsquo, &ecirc, tre of the Convention, is not one that aims at &ldquo, conserving the authentic&rdquo, but one that aims at &ldquo, managing continuity and compatible change&rdquo, in an ever-evolving world.

In this paper, we first formally define the problem set of spatially invariant Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), and show that Value Iteration Networks (VIN) and its extensions are computationally bounded to it due to the use of the convolution kernel. To generalize VIN to spatially variant MDPs, we propose Universal Value Iteration Networks (UVIN). In comparison with VIN, UVIN automatically learns a flexible but compact network structure to encode the transition dynamics of the problems and support the differentiable planning module. We evaluate UVIN with both spatially invariant and spatially variant tasks, including navigation in regular maze, chessboard maze, and Mars, and Minecraft item syntheses. Results show that UVIN can achieve similar performance as VIN and its extensions on spatially invariant tasks, and significantly outperforms other models on more general problems.

La producción científica es un valor universal, el modelo de desarrollo que vivimos hace posible que mediante la publicación de calidad se tenga acceso a lo más actual, relevante e inédito de la ciencia. Pero la producción de la ciencia no es igual en todas las materias ni mucho menos en todos los idiomas, ni en todos los países. Es por ello que resulta importante saber y conocer el lugar desde donde partimos. Según el Scientifica Journals Ranking (SJR) de los aproximadamente 16 millones de artículos citables en Scopus, solamente el 7.7 son de ciencias sociales y humanidades. La Unesco en su informe mundial de ciencias sociales de 2016 advirtió que alrededor del mundo, son cinco países o regiones las que concentran el 72% de las publicaciones a nivel mundial: Unión Europea, China, Estados Unidos, Japón y Rusia.

The article defines the essence of authorship in cinematography, reveals features of the author’s directing through the prism of moral and ethical categories and concepts, explores the specificity of Milos Forman’s work in the interpretation of the concept of freedom as a universal value, which succeeded in relying on literary and musical works, to realize its potential, to realize its potential cinema on television

Authenticity is considered by UNESCO (The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) as the link between attributes and Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). It is the ability of a property to truthfully, credibly, and genuinely convey its OUV through the attributes. However, these attributes or values are dependent on the site’s cultural associations and context. Therefore, the concept of authenticity is vague and may be subject to different cultural and social interpretations. Since authenticity is measured in time, there are multiple layers of authenticity which can be interpreted differently with diverse value systems. Since the notion of conservation is European in origin, so is the understanding of authenticity. In the Indian context due to a colonial past, the understanding of heritage protection and conservation with all the associated concepts are a borrowed notion from the Western world. This leads to the dilemma where a Western methodology for values and attributes is applied to assess the authenticity of the historic houses in India, based on which the authenticity of Indian historic houses becomes questionable when compared with international standards.

In modern world there is a significant increase in scientific research on improving approaches to the preservation, reconstruction and restoration of historical centers in the structure of the urban environment. The historic part of the city is a real estate that contains very valuable cultural potential and requires specific forms of protection. Exploring the historical data of the urban areas and preserving the sites is a key aspect in improving the city's landscape and spatial potential. The analysis of historical territories should be based on preliminary scientific studies of planning features and typology of historical cities. The historical landscape should be considered as a universal heritage in the structure of the city. The government of the state in whose territory this territory is situated should consider it its duty to protect the heritage and integrate it into modern social life. The historical and archaeological immovable heritage of Kyiv has a variety of sites, which today require additional research and measures regarding the proper and lawful use of the territories within which such sites are located. It is crucial to study the protection status of historical and archeological sites of real estate and the possibility of further use of these territories in the modern urban structure. The research focuses not only on individual architectural landmarks, but also on compositional ensembles, namely old neighborhoods, and large urban complexes in an urban environment. The methods of systematic and comparative analysis are applied in the article. The information base is: legislative documents, historiographical, iconographic and written sources, also the completed materials of field surveys of objects. Studying current approaches to the preservation of historic sites, the embodiment of which will in the future lead to the rational use of territories, and the improvement of economic potential are important issues for the development of the city. In order to solve the problems of preserving and managing the historic territories in the city structure, it is necessary to provide legislative and regulatory measures that will be crucial to ensure the comprehensive universal value of the territories.

This paper reviews parallel attacks on the ethical basis of liberal principles from within and without that tradition, one the Confucian-Kantian perspective of contemporary philosopher Li Zehou 李澤厚 and the other the un-Kantian “post-liberalism” of John Gray. Both reject foundational claims regarding the universality of liberal values and principles while still affirming the universal value of those principles via their practical function in fostering for human flourishing. I point out that Gray’s anti-foundationalist liberalism not only aligns with the Confucian elements of Li Zehou’s theory, but may even be enriched by them.

The paper considers a Statement of Outstanding Universal Value of World Heritage Sites, which is one of the most important of UNESCO documents. The research is aimed at studying its genre characteristics both in terms of form and content. They are illustrated in the paper through the example of the Statement of Outstanding Universal Value of the Galapagos Islands, being one of the major sites on the UNESCO list. Based on discourse analysis of the text, the following interrelated characteristics of its genre have been distinguished: typical content, rigid composition, informativeness, intertextuality, accuracy, laconicism, clarity, persuasiveness, argumentativeness, axiology, expressiveness, imagery, rhetoricalness. The unity of these features distinguishes this genre from others and is determined by extralinguistic factors: the Statement of Outstanding Universal Value is aimed at describing and proving the unique value of the archipelago. The research shows that the genre is characterized by typical content which is developed coherently in accordance with the standard composition of the format. It contains factual, conceptual, and implicit information. To prove the outstanding universal value of the site, both factual and axiological arguments are used. The verbal representation of these features is characterized, on the one hand, by lingual units used in accordance with literary norms and direct meaning, as well as by precision lexicon. On the other hand, it is characterized by metaphors and evaluative lexicon. The key metaphor representing the essence of the archipelago in the document is that of ‘a unique living museum and showcase of evolution’. It is developed through the document in a wide range of contextual evaluative synonyms, epithets, rows of homogeneous phytonyms and zoonyms depicting the variety and special character of the flora and fauna of the Galapagos Islands and the Galapagos Marine Reserve, their unique seismic, volcanic, biological, ecological, geological, evolutionary processes. The intertextuality of the document means its connection with a wide range of the UN documents, as well as fiction, mass media, science.

Introduction. In the epoch of globalization and intercultural integration the content of the concept "Family" as a sociocultural value is the point of interest. Family is the universal value and one of the essential social institutions. The aim of the research is the linguocultural analysis of a complex concept «Family». Considering rapidly changing world trends the comparative linguosociocultural research of the concept "Family" appears to be highly relevant and important. Methodology and sources. The study of the present-day mediatexts of different linguistic communities (Russian, Danish and Finnish) is based on linguocultural analysis. The lexical item «family» (Dan. - "familie", Finn. - "perhe") is regarded as a key word. Online media of Russia, Danmark and Finland were chosen as the research resource. For research there were selected articles featuring the lexical item "family" allowing for any possible morphological changes, as well as the relevance of the content of the articles to the considered topics. All in all more than 300 articles from Russian online media "Vedomosti" and "Rossijskaja gazeta", Danish online media "Berlingske" and "Avisen.dk", Finnish online media "Helsingin Sanomat" and "Iltalehti" were analysed. Results and discussion. The analysis is based on the comparative study of linguistic representation of this concept in the Russian, Danish and Finnish mediatexts. The hypothesis was that the comparative intercultural research of a value-based concept use in different linguocultures may reveal in its linguistic representation not only sociocultural factors of its formation but ethnopsychological as well. Linguocultural analysis of the concept "Family" in the selected mediatexts was held on grammatical (morphosintactic) and lexical-semantic levels. As a result there were defined characteristics of the concept "Family" realisation in Russian and foreign media discourses. Conclusion . Comparative analysis of semantic realisation of a complex concept "Family" enables to reveal in linguistic features of its representation essential characteristics of the social background peculiar for modern Russian, Danish and Finnish societies.

The article examines scientific approaches to understanding constitutional identity as a modern legal phenomenon and looks at the relationship between identity and constitutional law and constitutionalism. The concepts of “identity of the Constitution” and “constitutional identity” are distinguished and constitutional models of human dignity as elements of constitutional identity are analyzed, which demonstrate a variety of approaches to constitutional regulation and constitutional policy in the field of human rights. The article expounds on the rule of law as a universal value as well as a constitutional and legal concept. The origin of the doctrine of “rule of law” is examined in addition to the theoretical foundations and historical roots of the doctrine as well as the relationship between constitutionalism and the rule of law in modern jurisprudence. The author also considers the following: domestic and international aspects of the rule of law doctrine; its influence on the forms and practice of modern constitutionalism and constitutional identity; the prospects for constitutionalization of the elements of the rule of law and constitutional identity in the context of the formation of constitutionalism of human dignity; the relationship and interdependence of the rule of law and constitutional identity, on the one hand, human dignity and the rule of law, on the other hand; influential factors on the rule of law; constitutional identity and constitutional justice; the extent to which the rule of law can be a universal value in the practice of constitutional justice; the ontological and epistemological elements of cognitive constitutionalism and the rule of law. The difficulties of implementing the ideas and concepts of the rule of law through the practice of constitutional justice are also analyzed. The author concludes that there is a problem of the multiplicity of forms and subjects of constitutional identity. Identity, as well as the rule of law, cannot be built only in categories of exclusivity: both general and specific features are formed in the space of the dialogue of law, history, and culture.

This article analyzes cultural persistence in Guam through plaiting, material culture, and maintenance activities, a set of daily practices that are essential to social continuity and well-being. The colonization of Guam began in 1668 with the Jesuit missions. Jesuit policies utilized maintenance activities to colonize Indigenous lifeways and subjectivities, but we believe those activities also functioned as reservoirs of traditional knowledge. Although plaiting has been situated in different historical contexts across the centuries, it no doubt expresses material continuities stretching from a precolonial past. The article also challenges today’s widespread belief that the search for change is a universal value. It argues that societies appreciate continuity over change in inverse proportion to technological control over nature, asymmetrical relationships of power, and specialized fragmentation of functional tasks. In the absence of such features, the best guarantee of survival lies in maintaining the balance achieved by traditional lifeways. This article was written with the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Grant PID2019-105431GB-I00.

Мазкур мақолада ҳуқуқий давлатнинг фалсафий мазмун-моҳияти, унинг вужудга келиши ва ривожланишидаги шарт-шароитлар, шунингдек, қонун устуворлиги давлат ва фуқаролик жамиятининг мавжудлиги тамойиллари эканлиги илмий жиҳатдан асосланган. Ҳуқуқий давлат қонун устуворлиги билан чамбарчас боғлиқ бўлган, фаолияти ва тузилиши халқ иродасига мос келадиган, инсон ва фуқаронинг ҳуқуқ ва эркинликларини таъминлайдиган давлат шаклидир., In this article, the philosophical essence of the rule of law is scientifically substantiated, as well as the conditions for its emergence and development, the principles of the rule of law, the existence of the state and civil society. The rule of law is a form of state government, the rule of law is associated with the rule of law, with the activities and structure of which are in accordance with the will of the people, ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

The purpose of this paper is an attempt to identify a coordinate system to assess the crisis of spiritual and moral values in modern society, the scale of the globalization impact of on its future.The postmodern era has exposed unprecedented processes of social development, of which, in our view, globalization is the most controversial.Regardless of whether the process of globalization is positively or negatively evaluated by researchers, the discussion is generally reduced to two major scenarios for the development of the global world - the first version assumes the development of a universal value system dominated by Western European (American) values; the second option advocates the need for national and cultural diversity. At the same time, as A. A. Huseynov notes, “It is difficult to get rid of the idea that setting on a dialogue of cultures is often a tactic dictated by political and economic weakness and in this sense it is also a form of cultural-civilizational selfishness, though, slightly mitigated, covered up, to put it bluntly: dialogue is often favored by those who have no power to dominate.’Oddly enough, the 21st century brought humanity back to the classic question of value justification. But none of the above approaches answer this fundamental question.Based on the results of the research by leading scientists, globalization in economic, political, informational, scientific and technical and other spheres is a reality of the present and will be inevitable in the future. But in the cultural plane, the planting of a single system of values ​​is dangerous, and, in fact, it is not possible “... for the culture, the mental and spiritual system of the peoples cannot be standardized in the manner of a standardized technosphere” (A. A. Huseynov). Attempts to create something unifying lead, on the one hand, to the erosion of a stable system of values, the cultural code of representatives of different national cultures, and, on the other hand, to the strengthening of locality of various kinds.Therefore, this problem needs further in-depth research. This study requires the participation of well-known scholars, creative intellectuals, religious figures and politicians to develop a step-by-step strategy for protecting moral and cultural values of our civilization.

The article substantiates the universal value of religious freedom, based on the fundamental human right to freedom of religion and belief. Referring to the relevant international documents, the author reveals the content of the concept of "religious freedom" and concludes that there are two basic values at the heart of human rights: human dignity and equality. Only a systematic approach to freedom of religion in the human rights complex gives them universal value. There are two components to freedom of religion (belief): freedom of thought, conscience, and religion; the right to profess one's religion or belief. Religious freedom has both a universal and a private dimension. Being secular in nature, freedom of religion is especially evident in modern societies, which secularity and inclusivity empowers people to decide for themselves about their religiosity. The article deals with the restrictions that exist for religious freedom. Often the right to practice one's religion comes into conflict with different rights of other people. The protection of these rights must come from the principles of non-discrimination, neutrality and impartiality, respect for the right to religion, pluralism and tolerance, institutional and personal autonomy, lack of a hierarchy of human rights. The article argues that religious freedom is a universal value and right in the human rights complex.

If a World Heritage property does not continue to have Outstanding Universal Value, it ceases to be World Heritage. ‘Continuity’ is a fundamental concept, yet the Operational Guidelines (OG) do not...

Volcanic landscapes are among the most recognizable protected areas of the World Heritage Programme, the UNESCO Global Geopark Programme, and the Man in the Biosphere Programme. These landscapes are identified not only for their geological values, but also for their biological and cultural values to communities and societies across every continent. We review the status of these three international level conservation programmes in order to assess their effectiveness in protecting the global volcanic estate. We reviewed all properties currently listed in these three programmes to identify sites and properties with significant volcanic features. The review does not evaluate national, provincial, or local conservation programmes. Through 2019, 83 of 1121 (7.4%) of World Heritage sites have significant volcanic features; for Biosphere Reserves, 58 of 701 reserves (8.3%) have significant volcanic features; and for UNESCO Global Geoparks, 38 of 147 (25.8%), have significant volcanic features.These international programmes offer global recognition and may provide additional protection to natural properties. World Heritage volcanic sites showing Outstanding Universal Value under criterion viii offer the highest level of recognition for volcanic properties. UNESCO Global Geoparks are well suited for sites of scientific and cultural importance with sustainable development of the volcanic resource. Biosphere Reserves emphasise that volcanic geodiversity can support globally-significant biodiversity alongside sustainable development. Together these three UNESCO programmes offer a broad palette of recognition that States may consider for protection of volcanic properties.Despite global recognition for these landscapes, important questions remain. Are the world's most significant and important volcanic landscapes recognised and properly protected? What are the challenges in the management of volcanic world heritage properties in the future? Are the various regions of the globe properly represented in these programmes?The results of the newly published report World Heritage Volcanoes (Casadevall, Tormey, & Roberts, 2019) suggest: • Volcanic features are often cited as part of the value of a property but are frequently not the primary basis for listing as a World Heritage property. • While volcanic features appear to be well represented for World Heritage listings, they may not be the “best-of-the-best” from a purely volcanic perspective. • The perception that volcanic features are “overrepresented” in heritage listings may be an artifact of the “co-listing” effect whereby a volcanic property is listed for biological, cultural, or historical importance. • Some sites have outstanding volcanological features, but these features were not included in listing. • Most the Earth's volcanic features are found in the submarine environment, but submarine volcanic sites are largely absent from current heritage programmes. Keywords: Volcanoes, Geoheritage, Geoconservation, Geoparks

The article discusses human dignity in the aspect of modern challenges of technological civilization, which has entered a new stage of its development. Human dignity as a category of ethics remains underestimated, since in the first row of ethical values humanitarians, as a rule, put the categories of freedom and justice. Today, “dignity” acquires a special and higher status, the concept of human dignity is being rethought, going beyond the ethical category itself as a virtue. In the global world, human dignity is a response to such contemporary challenges as the formation of a communicative world community with a focus on digital civilization, the anthropological problem of the future of humanity, the ecological situation on a global scale, the reorientation of the ethical and legal relations of a globalizing world. Human dignity is a problem of national-ethnic and national-state relations in the transition to transnational regulatory interactions. In the interpretation of the nation, the authors do not share the well-known two approaches to understanding the nation, on the one hand ethnocultural, and on the other - national-civil. Both approaches lead, whenever possible or necessary, to the transnational posing of the question, when human dignity becomes a priority regardless of nationality. In this connection, the utopian idea of the possibility of a global ethos is touched upon. The authors focus on the anthropoxy-axiological approach to the understanding of human dignity, where the cosmological principle of human existence is determined by his creative power. The urgency of the problem of human dignity is due to the fact that, as it were, in the modern life world a person did not put the economy above morality, the basis of human dignity in its being is a value moral consciousness, in the depth of which basic human values of transnational nature “work”, contradicting values consumer society driven by practical interests. Human dignity in this regard should be interpreted as an absolute value and at the same time one should take into account the multidimensionality of the problem of dignity in the context of modern globalization processes. Based on the ontological understanding of globalization as megatrends in the self-movement of the natural historical process, the authors substantiate the anthropological value of human dignity, which has universal, transcultural significance. The use of an anthropoxy-axiological approach and interdisciplinary methods reveals the universal value of virtue, based on the anthropo-social moral nature and the creative value of man. The creative transformational activity itself will not be worthy in quality without moral responsibility. The modern concept of human dignity is addressed to the ethics of responsibility, which means responsibility, which highlights the moral and axiological attitude to life, the adoption of responsible decisions in modern conditions of sociocultural interactions. In the context of globalization, the philosophy of human dignity becomes the dominant of all conscious-volitional activities, the core of the moral rethinking of the transnational and national ratio in the light of tolerance, the ability to non-violence. At the same time, the authors indicate in the formulation of the main issue of the philosophy of human dignity the possibility of going beyond the ethical category of human dignity, since the unchanging core of the universal human values of goodness-beauty-truth does not lose its meaning in the global, changing world.

The article considers the problem of moral and ethical education of children, the education of a sense of kindness in them. The concept of kindness, as the highest, absolute universal value, is considered. The author proposes to complete the process of education using the art of literature. The article substantiates the use of fairy tales in order to foster a sense of kindness, since a fairy tale is a genre of literature with high didactic potential. The concept of fairy-tale therapy as a kind of psychological correction is considered. The author emphasizes on the preference of using the literary fairy tale to folk one for the purpose of moral and ethical upbringing. The author’s fairy tale inherits from folklore a clear division of the heroes into positive and negative, but the heroes in the author’s works are no longer types of folk tales, but are more complex characters, and the plots are not reduced to traditional schemes. Therefore, the reader’s value system is becoming more and more complex and rich, estimates are becoming less categorical, and ideas about a person are becoming many-sided. The article suggests using the literary tales of Oscar Wild, since they are dominated by reflections on the relationship between good, evil and beauty, they are distinguished by incredible imagination and humanistic mood. The author gives examples of assignments to the literary tales of Oscar Wilde, which are designed to help children adjust their behavior, develop critical and creative thinking, aesthetic tastes. The key idea of the article is the process of developing a sense of kindness in the context of aesthetic education.

Between 1993 and 2018, Japan successfully applied to have 18 cultural sites and four natural sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List of places deemed to be of ‘outstanding universal value...

The Statements of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) concerns the core justification for nominating and inscribing cultural and natural heritage properties on the UNESCO World Heritage List, ever since 2007. Ten criteria are specified and measured independently for the selection process. The 2008 ICOMOS Report “What is OUV” has been a successful example to interpret OUV as an integral concept by inspecting the associations of the selection criteria in all inscribed properties. This paper presents a novel methodology for interpreting OUV using computational techniques of Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, and Graph Visualization. Firstly, frequent phrases appearing in Statements of OUV are used to construct a lexicon for each selection criterion; Secondly, three similarity matrices are constructed as graphs to represent the pair-wise associations of the criteria; Lastly, the lexicon and graphs are visualized in 2D. The study shows that the lexicon derived from computational techniques can capture the essential concepts of OUV, and that the selection criteria are consistently associated with each other in different similarity metrics. This study provides a quantitative and qualitative interpretation of the Statements of OUV and the associations of selection criteria, which can be seen as an elaborated computational extension of the 2008 Report, useful for future inscription and evaluation process of World Heritage nominations.

The article presents and solves the scientific problem of identifying the legal nature and content of social justice as an integral part of the principle of justice. The theoretical and normative basis of the study were scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of jurisprudence, philosophy, political science, sociology, history. They are devoted to the general problems of the essence of the principle of justice, its value and normative content, social and legal nature of the principle of justice, issues of legal certainty and stability of legal regulation, specific problems of implementation of the constitutional principle of justice. The problem of justice, namely social justice becomes especially relevant in the context of globalization. The practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine shows that the Constitution of Ukraine does not enshrine the principle of social justice in a direct form, but the entire legal system is based on the idea of justice. It is established that justice essentially reflects the realities of a society, the level of its cultural and legal maturity. It can manifest itself at different social levels, in different spatial and temporal dimensions. Thus, correlating the concepts of justice and law, justice can be considered as a legal standard with which the real socio-economic, political, financial, moral and ideological relations. Justice is not only a moral, philosophical category, but, first of all, a legal one. Justice is a legal phenomenon that relates to the very essence of law and is the distinguishing feature between law and the principles of law. In addition, it is a phenomenon of morality, because it is an idea that determines the moral principles of society. It should be noted that in some cases the application of the principle of justice is complicated, for example, when it conflicts with the principle of legality. Attention is drawn to the fact that in our state the principle of justice is not fully implemented. Social justice is the most important social value, a creative phenomenon that contributes to the reform of society on the basis of democ-racy and humanism., Стаття поставлена і вирішена наукова проблема виявлення юридичної природи та змісту соціальної справедливості як складова частина принципу справедливості. Теоретичну і нормативну основу дослі-дження склали научние праці вітчизняних і зарубіжних вчених в області юріспруденціі, філософії, політо-логії, соціології, історії. Вони присвячені загальним проблемам сутності принципу справедливості, його ціннісного і нормативного змісту, соціальної та юридичної природи принципа справедливості, питань правової визначеності та стабільності правового регулювання, специфічним проблемам реалізації консти-туційного принципу справедливості. Проблема справедливості, а саме соціальної справедливості набуває особливої актуальностіу контексті глобалізаційних процесів. Практика Конституційного Суду України свідчить, про те що у Конституції України принцип соціальної справедливості не закріплений у прямій формі, проте уся правова система ґрунтується на ідеї справедливості. Встановлено, що справедливість по суті відображає реалії того чи іншого суспільства, рівень його культурної та правової зрілості. Вона може проявлятися на різних громадських рівнях, в різних просторових і часових вимірах. Отже, співвід-носячи поняття справедливості та права, справедливість можна розглядати як правовий стандарт, з яким співвідносяться реальні соціально-економічні, політичні, фінансові, моральні та ідеологічні відносини. Справедливість – це не лише моральна, філософська категорія, а, насамперед, правова. Справедливість – це правове явище, що відноситься до самої сутності права та є відмежувальною ознакою між правом і принципами права. Крім того, є феноменом моралі, оскільки виступає ідеєю, яка визначає моральні засади суспільства. Слід зазначити, що в деяких випадках застосування принципу справедливості усклад-нюється, наприклад, тоді, коли він вступає в колізію з принципом законності. Звертається увагу на те, що в нашій державі принцип справедливості не реалізовується повною мірою. Соціальна справедливість є найважливішою соціальною цінністю, творчим феноменом, що сприяє реформуванню суспільства на засадах демократії та гуманізму.

The logic that a site of universalized value leads to a universalized sense of stewardship that transcends national interest adheres to the Convention text, in which “the States Parties to this Convention recognize that such heritage constitutes a world heritage for whose protection it is the duty of the international community as a whole to co-operate”. The development and publication of the World Heritage List and the World Heritage in Danger List are “fundamentally acts of knowledge creation and dissemination”— short-term “awareness-raising campaigns [that] will inspire international conservation and tourism efforts in the medium-term”. A place of local interest is converted into a site of “universal value” through a complex, political, and bureaucratic process that involves national and supra-national entities. The Nomination File also includes the technical and managerial aspects of the property. A property’s understood sacred nature and religious affiliation may also change over time and is often subject to political control.

The fallout from the 1986 Chernobyl accident caused dramatic and long-lasting consequences for parts of food production in Norway, and the indigenous Sámi reindeer-herding lifestyle and culture in central Norway was particularly threatened. Banning food production – or condemning food – was considered unacceptable in a long-term perspective, and huge efforts were made to develop mitigating options. Some of these are still in place, 35 years after the accident. This article describes some of the long-term efforts made by Norwegian authorities to attempt to alleviate the consequences for the reindeer herders. Every accident and crisis is unique, and this is true for the experiences in Norway. However, some of the experiences in Norway are likely to have universal value.

The question of whether it is possible to philosophize outside the categories of rationalist philosophy is not limited to methodology. It has ideological overtones. Namely, the rationalism that has developed in philosophy in modern times, after Descartes, is inevitably supplemented by mechanics. The world is seen as a machine, the living is reduced to mechanisms. Rationalism becomes a machine of mentality. Taking it as a model of normal thinking, giving it a universal value, we thereby impose Western way of thinking on other cultures with a different mentality. The question, therefore, is not about the method of scientific knowledge but about the power realized through the transformation of mentality. Scientific knowledge conquers space. Philosophy produces a transformation of mentality. New rationalism, according to G. Bachelard, is in dialectical relation with the usual realism of the natural Sciences. In this process, there is the implementation of new schemes developed in the complex interaction of “ratio” and experiment. Modern science is the collective creation of a new reality. This is the reality of the “picture of the world.” There is another view of science, rationalism and modern philosophy. According to him, rationalism is dualism, atomism and social individualism. These features reveal the anti-traditional and anti-metaphysical spirit of modern Western civilization. The traditional approach is non-duality, unity provided by metaphysical principles. The new rationalism in science is characterized by the belief in the infinite progress of knowledge. But knowledge itself, from the point of view of tradition, is devoid of great value. Philosophy uses categories of ancient Greek philosophy or German classical philosophy, but they cannot be considered universal. They corresponded not only to the time and place, the conditions in which they arose, but also to the characteristic mentality of the peoples and individuals who created them. They are not suitable for understanding the metaphysical doctrines of traditional cultures. The language of traditional cultures is symbolic and synthetic in contrast to the analytical language of Western science and philosophy.