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Objetivos: Análisis de los factores etiopatogénicos, maternos, fetales y placentarios, asociados a la muerte fetal intrauterina (MFIU). Análisis de los avances en el diagnóstico causal de la MFIU tras instauración de un protocolo específico. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Análisis de todos los casos de muerte fetal tardía en gestaciones únicas acontecidas en el Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (2005- 2010). Resultados: Hubo 56 casos de muerte fetal tardía. De las gestantes estudiadas, 4 eran menores de 17 años y 19 mayores de 35 años, un 21,4% fumaban, el 60% tenía un IMC ≥ 25 kg/m2 y el 18% no controlaron el embarazo. La patología materna predominante fue la tiroidea, mientras que las patologías gestacionales principales fueron diabetes gestacional, preeclampsia y amenaza de parto prematuro. El principal motivo de consulta fue la disminución de movimientos fetales. Se realizó estudio anatomopatológico placentario en el 82% y necropsia en el 73%. El porcentaje de causa desconocida en el grupo de no protocolo fue 20% y con protocolo 15%. Conclusión: El establecimiento de la causa de MFIU es difícil y en algunos casos no posible, aunque sí el reconocimiento de factores de riesgo. La implantación de un protocolo permitió un mayor acercamiento a la causa de la muerte fetal y mejor manejo posterior. La autopsia, el estudio de la placenta, los análisis citogenéticos y el estudio de trombosis materna son la base para el diagnóstico de MFIU. Objective: Analysis of the pathogenetic maternal fetal and placental factors associated with stillbirth. Analysis of progress in the diagnoses of the cause of stillbirth after the establishment of a specific protocol. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study. Analysis of the cases of late fetal death in singleton pregnancies occurred at the University Hospital of Vigo during the period 2005-2010. Results: We found 56 late fetal deaths. Four were under 17 and 19 above 35 years old, 21% were smokers, 60% had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and 18% had not prenatal care. Thyroid disease was the most prevalent whereas gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and threatened preterm labour were the main obstetric pathologies. The main reason of consultation was decrease of fetal movements. Pathological exam of the placenta was made in 82% of cases and necropsy in 73%. Rate of unknown cause in the cases of no protocol was 20% while in the protocol group was 15%. Conclusion: The cause of intrauterine fetal death is difficult to establish. The recognition of certain risk factors is possible. The implementation of a study protocol allowed a better approach to the cause of fetal death and its management. Autopsy, placental examination, cytogenetic analysis, maternal thrombosis study was basic tests for the diagnosis of intrauterine fetal death.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the clinical-pathologic process in rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and the immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in blood serum. Parameters were evaluated up to 45 days post infection (dpi) in fish intraperitoneally inoculated (IP) with 1X104TCDI of IPNV, withminimal essential medium(MEM) and in the control group. Infected fish showed classical signs of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) disease since day 19 pi, reaching 70% of accumulated mortality, and the survivor fish showed emaciation and IgM blood serum levels which progressively increased up to its maximum peak at day 31 pi; the most significant histopathological changes were the increase in melanomacrophage centers in the kidney, pancreatic necrosis and catarrhal enteritis. Viral isolation was possible only in the infected fish starting at day 3 pi up to day 45 (P > 0.5). The results suggest that even though the fish infected with IPNV can develop a humoral immune response characterized by the increase in IgM levels, this is insufficient to develop protection because while IgM levels are increasing, so does the viral title accompanied by clinical signs and histopathological injuries that are typical of the disease. &nbsp, Se realizó un estudio para obtener información acerca de la relación existente entre el cuadro clínico-patológico desarrollado en crías de trucha arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infectadas con el virus de la necrosis pancreática infecciosa (IPNV) y el nivel de inmunoglobulina M (IgM) en suero sanguíneo. Los parámetros fueron determinados hasta 45 días postinfección (dpi) en peces inoculados por vía intraperitoneal (IP) con 1X104TCDI de IPNV o únicamente inoculados conMedio Mínimo Esencial(MEM) y en un grupo control no inoculado. Los peces infectados presentaron los signos característicos de necrosis pancreática (IPN) a partir de 19 dpi, alcanzando una mortalidad acumulada de 70%, con evidente emaciación de animales sobrevivientes; asimismo, el nivel de IgM en suero sanguíneo se incrementó progresivamente hasta alcanzar su punto máximo a 31 dpi; los hallazgos histopatológicos más significativos fueron: incremento de centros de melanomacrófagos en riñón, necrosis pancreática y enteritis catarral. El aislamiento viral fue posible únicamente en peces infectados a partir del día 3 y hasta los 45 dpi (P > 0,5). Los resultados observados sugieren que aunque los animales infectados con IPNV pueden desarrollar una respuesta inmune humoral caracterizada por incremento de IgM, ésta es insuficiente para desarrollar protección, ya que al mismo tiempo que se incrementa el nivel de IgM, también aumenta el título viral, acompañado de signos clínicos y lesiones histopatológicas típicas de la enfermedad. &nbsp

Trabajo presentado al VII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Tropical y Salud Internacional celebrado en Salamanca (España) del 2 al 5 de Marzo de 2010.-- et al., Este trabajo está finaneciado por la RICET (RD06/0021) y FIS {PI052707}.

Human diet contains a series of bioactive vegetal compounds that can improve human health. Among these, there has been a special interest for phytoestrogens. This article reviews the evidence about the potential benefits of phytoestrogens for human health. Forty eight manuscripts were selected for their study design and relevance to human health. The cell growth inhibitory effects of phytoestrogens and their implication in breast cancer are reviewed. Also the effects of these compounds on serum lipid levels and the effectiveness of a phytoestrogen derivate, ipriflavone, on the prevention of osteoporosis are analyzed. Although these compounds have a great potential for improving health, there is still not enough evidence to recommend the routine use of phytoestrogens (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 1321-28)

Hormone profile end pelvic ultrasonography were studied in 41 girls with premature thelarche aged 21 .2 ± 9.7 months and in 39 non affected conrrol girls of the same age and social status. Estrogenic contaminants were looked for both in girls sera and in poultry samples through serum and tissue levels of zearalenone and diethilbestrol. Total estrogenic activity was measured by radioreceptor assay. Basal serum levels or LH, FSH, prolactine and estradiol [E2] were not different between both groups. Total estrogenic activity was significantly higher in girls with thelarche [201 ± 102 vs 78 ± 20 pg E2 eauivalent), turning later to sim'lar levels than in controls in five patients in which thelarche eventually subsided. After LHRH greater FSH than LH peak response was observed (28.7 ± 1 7.5 Up/ml vs 5, ~ ± 2.7 Uu/m!|. No differences were detected in uterine size and squeletal maturation, but a greater mean ovarian volume was seen in patients with thelarquia. No estrogenic contaminants v/ere detected in poultry samples. Partial activation of ihe hypothalamus-pituitary-axis, mainly through FSH secretion, might thus be the responsible of ovarian secretion of E2 or another substance wtn estrogenic action.

In 2015, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, weighing 4 +/- 0.5 g) mortalities occurred at an aquaculture facility near the "Nevado de Toluca" National Park in Mexico. Affected fish showed exophthalmia, body darkening, abdominal distension, and pale gill

This study describes the association of household water system contamination with the pathogenic Free-Living Amoeba (FLA) Naegleria fowleri and a case of fatal Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) in a child from the state of Monagas in Venezuela. Amoebae were initially identified by microscopy from a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the child. Direct DNA extraction and specific PCR/sequencing for N. fowleri was also carried out from the same CSF sample. In order to determine a possible environmental source of infection, water samples from the water tank of the child’s home and also water bodies recently visited by the child and his family, were examined for the presence of N. fowleri by culture and PCR/sequencing. The results obtained from the collected water samples revealed that only the water tank of the house was positive for N. fowleri. PCR/sequencing showed that the strains isolated from the patient and the water tanks were 100 % identical. Therefore, the house water tank was confirmed as the source of infection in this case, possibly as a result of the occasional immersion of the child´s head under the water while bathing. This case highlights a novel source of thermally polluted water and another threat of N. fowleri infection.

Se estudió la ontogenia del sistema digestivo en larvas de Cryphiops caementarius y su vinculación con los estadios críticos de su desarrollo larvario. Para ello, se cultivó larvas desde el estado de zoea 1 al estadio de primer juvenil, en un sistema de cultivo estándar. Se utilizó tres tanques de 200 L con agua a 20 psu microfiltrada, mantenida a temperatura constante (25° + 1° C) y con un recambio del 100% diariamente. La alimentación consistió en microalgas (Nannochloris sp. e Isochrysis sp.), rotíferos (Brachionus plicatilis), nauplios de artemia (Artemia franciscana) y alimento formulado. Doctor en Acuicultura TERMINADA PFCHA-Becas 108p. PFCHA-Becas