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Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have significantly improved the accuracy of intelligent applications on mobile devices. DNN surgery, which partitions DNN processing between mobile devices and multi-access edge computing (MEC) servers, can enable real-time inference despite the computational limitations of mobile devices. However, DNN surgery faces a critical challenge: determining the optimal computing resource demand from the server and the corresponding partition strategy, while considering both inference latency and MEC server usage costs. This problem is compounded by two factors: (1) the finite computing capacity of the MEC server, which is shared among multiple devices, leading to inter-dependent demands, and (2) the shift in modern DNN architecture from chains to directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), which complicates potential solutions. In this paper, we introduce a novel Decentralized DNN Surgery (DDS) framework. We formulate the partition strategy as a min-cut and propose a resource allocation game to adaptively schedule the demands of mobile devices in an MEC environment. We prove the existence of a Nash Equilibrium (NE), and develop an iterative algorithm to efficiently reach the NE for each device. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that DDS can effectively handle varying MEC scenarios, achieving up to 1.25$\times$ acceleration compared to the state-of-the-art algorithm., Under Review

SubjectiveSleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent in polio survivors. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most frequent type. Full polysomnography (PSG) is recommended for OSA diagnosis in patients with comorbidities by current practice guidelines, but it is not always accessible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether type 3 portable monitor (PM) or type 4 PM might be a viable alternative to PSG for the diagnosis of OSA in postpolio subjects.MethodsA total of 48 community-living polio survivors (39 men and 9 women) with an average age of 54.4 ± 5.3 years referred for the evaluation of OSA and who volunteered to participate were recruited. First, they completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire and underwent pulmonary function testing and blood gas tests the day before PSG night. Then, they underwent an overnight in-laboratory PSG with a type 3 PM and type 4 PM recording simultaneously.ResultsThe AHI from PSG, respiratory event index (REI) from type 3 PM, and ODI3 from type 4 PM was 30.27 ± 22.51/h vs. 25.18 ± 19.11/h vs. 18.28 ± 15.13/h, respectively (P < 0.001). For AHI ≥ 5/h, the sensitivity and specificity of REI were 95.45 and 50%, respectively. For AHI ≥ 15/h, the sensitivity and specificity of REI were 87.88% and 93.33%, respectively. The Bland–Altman analysis of REI on PM vs. AHI on PSG showed a mean difference of −5.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −7.10, −3.08; P < 0.001) with limits of agreement ranging from −18.67 to 8.49 events/h. ROC curve analysis for patients with REI ≥ 15/h showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97. For AHI ≥ 5/h, the sensitivity and specificity of ODI3 from type 4 PM were 86.36 and 75%, respectively. For patients with AHI ≥ 15/h, the sensitivity was 66.67%, and the specificity was 100%.ConclusionType 3 PM and Type 4 PM could be alternative ways to screen OSA for polio survivors, especially for moderate to severe OSA.

Reconstructing interacting hands from a single RGB image is a very challenging task. On the one hand, severe mutual occlusion and similar local appearance between two hands confuse the extraction of visual features, resulting in the misalignment of estimated hand meshes and the image. On the other hand, there are complex interaction patterns between interacting hands, which significantly increases the solution space of hand poses and increases the difficulty of network learning. In this paper, we propose a decoupled iterative refinement framework to achieve pixel-alignment hand reconstruction while efficiently modeling the spatial relationship between hands. Specifically, we define two feature spaces with different characteristics, namely 2D visual feature space and 3D joint feature space. First, we obtain joint-wise features from the visual feature map and utilize a graph convolution network and a transformer to perform intra- and inter-hand information interaction in the 3D joint feature space, respectively. Then, we project the joint features with global information back into the 2D visual feature space in an obfuscation-free manner and utilize the 2D convolution for pixel-wise enhancement. By performing multiple alternate enhancements in the two feature spaces, our method can achieve an accurate and robust reconstruction of interacting hands. Our method outperforms all existing two-hand reconstruction methods by a large margin on the InterHand2.6M dataset. Meanwhile, our method shows a strong generalization ability for in-the-wild images.

Supplementary Table 1 MET gene exon14 mutation in chromosome7 by next-generation sequencing. Ref: reference; Alt: alteration; freq: frequency; SNV: single nucleotide variation

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers. Table S2. Primers.

With people’s higher and higher spiritual requirements, fiber art is more common in people’s lives. From ordinary fiber materials to handicrafts and daily necessities, there are shadows of fiber art. This paper aims to study the application of two-dimensional images in the visual and tactile dimensions of fiber art design. This paper proposes a three-dimensional simulation of two-dimensional images of art based on deep learning technology to achieve the purpose of convenient display and also analyzes the feature extraction in fiber art. In order to comprehensively compare the performance of the algorithms, this paper compares the performance of four categories: reconstruction speed, number of reconstructed point clouds, diversity of reconstructable categories, and reconstruction stability. The experimental results show that the number of point clouds obtained by the algorithm proposed in this paper far exceeds the other two reconstruction processes, and the average time is 34.4 min. This also shows that such algorithmic processes are more robust to clothing diversity.

Supplementary Table 2 15 somatically acquired gene mutations detected by next-generation sequencing. chr: chromosome; Ref: reference; Alt: alteration; freq: frequency; SNV: single nucleotide variation

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a widespread, gram-negative, pathogenic bacterium that causes serious internal and external infections in humans and other animals. The increasing antibiotic resistance has complicated bacterial infection treatment, and current antibiotic therapies cannot cure all infections. Owing to this, bacteriophages (phages) have regained attention as potential therapeutics for bacterial infections. In this study, the phage “PaVOA” was isolated from hospital sewage and characterized. Next, a New Zealand rabbit skin infection model was used to determine the therapeutic efficacy of PaVOA as compared to a phage cocktail or the cephalosporin antibiotic ceftriaxone. Characterization results demonstrated that phage PaVOA belongs to the Myoviridae family, has a double-stranded DNA genome, is resistant to low temperatures (−20°C), is most optimal at 40°C, has good acid–base tolerance, and remains stable for 30 min under 20 W ultraviolet (UV) intensity. The optimal multiplicity of infection of PaVOA was 0.1, and a one-step growth curve showed a short latency period (10 min), thus demonstrating its ability to rapidly kill bacteria. Furthermore, the addition of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions significantly increased the PaVOA titer. An in vivo phage kinetic curve showed that PaVOA was rapidly inactivated within the blood of New Zealand rabbits (undetectable after 12 h), and no animals died due to phage treatment. Wound healing studies showed that the phage cocktail induced a high healing rate and an acceleration of the skin remodeling process, and was more efficacious than ceftriaxone. Therefore, phage cocktail therapy represents a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of traumatic skin infections caused by multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa.

This paper is devoted to the asymptotic behavior of solutions to a non-autonomous stochastic wave equation with infinite delays. The nonlinear terms of the equation are not expected to be Lipschitz continuous, but only satisfy continuity assumptions along with growth conditions, under which the uniqueness of the solutions may not hold. Using the theory of multi-valued non-autonomous random dynamical systems, we prove the existence and measurability of a compact global pullback attractor.

A non-autonomous stochastic delay wave equation with linear memory and nonlinear damping driven by additive white noise is considered on the unbounded domain Rn. We establish the existence and uniqueness of a random attractor A that is compact in C([−h, 0]; H1 (Rn)) × C([−h, 0]; L2 (Rn)) × L2 µ(R+; H1 (Rn)) with 1 6 n 6 3.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive, non-contact optical technique that allows cross-section imaging of biological tissues with high spatial resolution, high sensitivity and high dynamic range. Standard OCT uses a focused beam to illuminate a point on the target and detects the signal using a single photodetector. To acquire transverse information, transversal scanning of the illumination point is required. Alternatively, multiple OCT channels can be operated in parallel simultaneously; parallel OCT signals are recorded by a two-dimensional (2D) detector array. This approach is known as Parallel-detection OCT. In this thesis, methods, experiments and results using three parallel OCT techniques, including full -field (time-domain) OCT (FF-OCT), full-field swept-source OCT (FF-SS-OCT) and line-field Fourier-domain OCT (LF-FD-OCT), are presented. Several 2D digital cameras of different formats have been used and evaluated in the experiments of different methods. With the LF-FD-OCT method, photography equipment, such as flashtubes and commercial DSLR cameras have been equipped and tested for OCT imaging. The techniques used in FF-OCT and FF-SS-OCT are employed in a novel wavefront sensing technique, which combines OCT methods with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SH-WFS). This combination technique is demonstrated capable of measuring depth-resolved wavefront aberrations, which has the potential to extend the applications of SH-WFS in wavefront-guided biomedical imaging techniques.

GRAS proteins are plant-specific transcription factors and play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, a total of 48 GRAS genes in the eggplant (S. melongena) genome were identified. These genes were distributed on 11 chromosomes unevenly, with amino acid lengths ranging from 417 to 841 aa. A total of 48 GRAS proteins were divided into 13 subgroups based on the maximum likelihood (ML) model. The gene structure showed that 60.42% (29/48) of SmGRASs did not contain any introns. Nine pairs of SmGRAS appeared to have a collinear relationship, and all of them belonged to segmental duplication. Four types of cis-acting elements, namely, light response, growth and development, hormone response, and stress response, were identified by a cis-acting element predictive analysis. The expression pattern analysis based on the RNA-seq data of eggplant indicated that SmGRASs were expressed differently in various tissues and responded specifically to cold stress. In addition, five out of ten selected SmGRASs (SmGRAS2/28/32/41/44) were upregulated under cold stress. These results provided a theoretical basis for further functional study of GRAS genes in eggplant.

The expansion of the power communication network and the deployment of smart grids have brought massive amounts of data and calculation pressure to the operation and maintenance center. Edge computing can alleviate the pressure on the grid management platform to process massive amounts of data, reduce computing overhead, and assist operation and maintenance personnel efficiently complete fault diagnosis and maintenance. This paper proposed a power communication network fault diagnosis technical solution based on the edge computing architecture combined with the knowledge graph technology, will focus on the new ecology of edge computing in the power communication network. For improving the traditional rule-based technology and enhancing the reliability and efficiency, the system integrates a variety of intelligent methods to realize fault diagnosis under the edge computing architecture, and realizes timely detection of faults and dispatch maintenance through analysis of equipment alarms and network topology.

Source data for NCOMMS-21-13913B are provided as a Source Data file.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease in China, and there are many complications. Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most common and serious microvascular complications. Most patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease will eventually develop to renal failure. At present, there is no specific treatment. Astragalus injection has advantages in the treatment of type 2 diabetic kidney disease, but there is a lack of standard clinical studies to verify it. Therefore, the purpose of this randomized controlled study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Astragalus injection combined with dapagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetic kidney disease. Methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy and safety of Astragalus injection combined with dapagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetic kidney disease. According to 1:1, the patients will be randomly divided into treatment group and control group, in which the treatment group will be treated with Astragalus injection combined with dapagliflozin, and the control group will be treated with simple dapagliflozin. Both groups will be treated with standard treatment for 7 d and followed up for 30 d to pay attention to their efficacy and safety indexes. The observation indexes included: urinary protein / urinarycreatinine (ACR), urinary microalbuminuria, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cystatin C (Cys-C), adverse reactions and so on. The data will be analyzed by SPSS 25.0 software. Discussion: This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of Astragalus injection combined with dapagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetic kidney disease. The results of this experiment will provide clinical basis for Astragalus injection combined with dapagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetic kidney disease.

Located on the south-facing slope of the Himalayas, Nepal receives intense, long-lasting precipitation during the Asian summer monsoon, making Nepal one of the most susceptible countries to flood and landslide hazards in the region. However, sparse gauging and irregular measurement constrain the vulnerability assessments of floods and landslides which rely highly on the accuracy of precipitation. Therefore, this study evaluates the performance of Satellite-based Precipitation Products (SPPs) in the Himalayas region by comparing different datasets and identifying the best alternative of gauge-based precipitation for hydro-meteorological applications. We compared eight SPPs using statistical metrics and then used the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) technique to rank them. Secondly, we assessed the hydrological utility of SPPs by simulating through the GR4J hydrological model. We found a high POD (0.60–0.80) for all SPPs except CHIRPS and PERSIANN; however, a high CC (0.20–0.40) only for CHIRPS, IMERG_Final, and CMORPH. Based on MCDM, CMORPH and IMERG_Final rank first and second. While SPPs could not simulate daily discharge (NSE 0.54). Overall, this study recommends CMORPH and IMERG_Final and improves the understanding of data quality to better manage hydrological disasters in the data-sparse Himalayas. This study framework can also be used in other Himalayan regions to systematically rank and identify the most suitable datasets for hydro-meteorological applications.

The structural protein VP3 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) plays a critical role in viral assembly, replication, immune escape, and anti-apoptosis. Interaction between VP3 and host protein factors can affect stages in the viral replication cycle. In this study, 137 host proteins interacting with VP3 protein were screened through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based proteomics approach. The functions and relevance of the proteins were obtained through bioinformatics analysis. Most VP3-interacting proteins were linked to binding, catalytic activity, and structural molecular activity, and performed functions in cell parts and cells. Biological functions of VP3-interacting proteins were mainly relevant to "Cytoskeleton", "Translation", and "Signal transduction mechanisms", involving ribosomes, "Tight junction", regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and other pathways. Six potential VP3-interacting proteins in host cells were knocked down, and vimentin, myosin-9, and annexin A2 were found to be related to IBDV replication. This study would help explore regulatory pathways and cellular mechanisms in IBDV-infected cells, and also provided clues for the in-depth study of VP3 biological functions and IBDV replication or pathogenesis.

Climatic oscillations have been developed through the (Early) Jurassic from marine sedimentary archives but remain unclear from terrestrial records. This work presents investigation of climate-sensitive sediments and carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of lacustrine and pedogenic carbonates for the Early Jurassic Ziliujing Formation taken from the Basin in southwestern China. Sedimentary and stable isotope proxies manifest that an overall secular (semi)arid climate dominated the Sichuan Basin during the Early Jurassic, except for the Hettangian. This climate pattern is similar to the arid climate in the Colorado Plateau region in western North America but is distinct from the relatively warm and humid climate in northern China and at high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. The estimated atmospheric CO2 concentration (pCO2) from carbon isotopes of pedogenic carbonates shows a range of 980–2610 ppmv (∼3.5–10 times the pre-industrial value) with a mean of 1660 ppmv. Three phases of pCO2 (the Sinemurian 1500–2000 ppmv, the Pliensbachian 1000–1500 ppmv, and the early Toarcian 1094–2610 ppmv) and two events of pCO2 rapidly falling by ∼1000–1300 ppmv are observed, illustrating the pCO2 perturbation in the Early Jurassic. The perturbation of pCO2 is compatible with seawater temperature and carbon cycle from the coeval marine sediments, suggesting a positive feedback of climate to pCO2 through the Early Jurassic.

Normal functionality of common concrete structures such as bridges and buildings relies heavily on the structural resistance under accidental or anthropogenic blast events. As one of the widely used structural types, reinforced concrete columns need to be highly considered when blast events occur to avoid severe socio-economic losses. To improve the blast–impact resistance of conventional reinforced concrete columns, this article makes the following contributions: (1) proposes to adopt the advanced ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete to strengthen the columns as a protective layer; (2) validates the superiority of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete–strengthened columns through comparative study and specifies the controlling design parameters through sensitivity analysis; (3) implements and compares various ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete reinforcement methods; and (4) develops a numerical formula to predict the residual capacity of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete–strengthened columns under blast impacts as a suitable alternate of the complicated and time-consuming finite element simulations.

The traditional use of cement for soil stabilisation is challenged by peat due to the high organic content in peat and the associated unfavourable environmental and economic impacts. This study explores the potential and benefits of using manufactured sand, an economical, easily accessible and environmentally friendly construction material, with cement for peat stabilisation. Experiments were conducted with a view to investigating the optimal dosage of manufactured sand and cement, as evidenced by the improvement in the physico-chemical and mechanical qualities of stabilised peat. Based on the required strength of 1.00 MPa in engineering practice, an optimal configuration was determined with the ratio of manufactured sand to peat being 5:5, and the cement content 36.15%. At the optimal configuration, the unconfined compressive strength of stabilised peat was 2.33 times greater than the specimens without sand, and the void ratio was reduced from 1.72 of natural peat to less than 0.58. Optimal configuration can reduce cement dosage by 36.36%, hence carbon emissions by 36.36%, and costs by 38.28%. This study established that using manufactured sand with cement offered an economical, efficient and environmentally friendly engineering solution to peat stabilisation.

Compared to normal cells, cancer cells generate ATP mainly through aerobic glycolysis, which promotes tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a class of transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with little or without evident protein-encoding function. LncRNAs are involved in the ten hallmarks of cancer, interestingly, they are also closely associated with aerobic glycolysis. However, the mechanism of this process is non-transparent to date. Demonstrating the mechanism of lncRNAs regulating tumorigenesis and tumor progression through aerobic glycolysis is particularly critical for cancer therapy, and may provide novel therapeutic targets or strategies in cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of lncRNAs and aerobic glycolysis in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and further explore their interaction, in hope to provide a novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

The maternal-fetal immune disorder is considered to be an important factor of preterm birth (PTB); however, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. This study was designed to explore the innate and adaptive immune features in the decidua during term and preterm labor. Women delivered at term or preterm were classified into four groups: term not in labor (TNL, N=19), term in labor (TL, N=17), preterm not in labor (PNL, N=10), and preterm in labor (PIL, N=10). Decidua basalis and parietalis were collected and analyzed for macrophage subtypes (M1 and M2) as well as T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrated significantly decreased frequencies of M2 cells and elevated M1/M2 ratio in the PIL group compared to that in the PNL group in both decidua basalis and parietalis, whereas no significant differences were found between the above two groups in both sites in terms of the polarization status of Th cells. On the contrary, macrophage subsets were comparable in the TL and TNL groups, whereas elevated Th1 percentages and Th1/Th2 ratio were observed in TL women compared to that in TNL women in the decidua. Interestingly, although the frequencies and ratios of Th17 and Treg were comparable among the four groups, the Th17/Treg ratios of these groups were significantly increased in decidua basalis than that in decidua parietalis. Collectively, the M1/M2 imbalance is associated with the breakdown of maternal-fetal immune tolerance during PTB, whereas the aberrant Th1/Th2 profile plays an important role in immune disorder during term labor. Moreover, Th17/Treg deviation is more remarkable in decidua basalis than in decidua parietalis.

Low-rank approximation of images via singular value decomposition is well-received in the era of big data. However, singular value decomposition (SVD) is only for order-two data, i.e., matrices. It is necessary to flatten a higher order input into a matrix or break it into a series of order-two slices to tackle higher order data such as multispectral images and videos with the SVD. Higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) extends the SVD and can approximate higher order data using sums of a few rank-one components. We consider the problem of generalizing HOSVD over a finite dimensional commutative algebra. This algebra, referred to as a t-algebra, generalizes the field of complex numbers. The elements of the algebra, called t-scalars, are fix-sized arrays of complex numbers. One can generalize matrices and tensors over t-scalars and then extend many canonical matrix and tensor algorithms, including HOSVD, to obtain higher-performance versions. The generalization of HOSVD is called THOSVD. Its performance of approximating multi-way data can be further improved by an alternating algorithm. THOSVD also unifies a wide range of principal component analysis algorithms. To exploit the potential of generalized algorithms using t-scalars for approximating images, we use a pixel neighborhood strategy to convert each pixel to "deeper-order" t-scalar. Experiments on publicly available images show that the generalized algorithm over t-scalars, namely THOSVD, compares favorably with its canonical counterparts., Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, several typos in the appendix corrected

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Incidence of atelectasis per group and per time point assessed using lung ultrasound. Supplementary Table 2. Other parameters of the enrolled patients.

Supplementary information

Temporal grounding aims to locate a target video moment that semantically corresponds to the given sentence query in an untrimmed video. However, recent works find that existing methods suffer a severe temporal bias problem. These methods do not reason the target moment locations based on the visual-textual semantic alignment but over-rely on the temporal biases of queries in training sets. To this end, this paper proposes a novel training framework for grounding models to use shuffled videos to address temporal bias problem without losing grounding accuracy. Our framework introduces two auxiliary tasks, cross-modal matching and temporal order discrimination, to promote the grounding model training. The cross-modal matching task leverages the content consistency between shuffled and original videos to force the grounding model to mine visual contents to semantically match queries. The temporal order discrimination task leverages the difference in temporal order to strengthen the understanding of long-term temporal contexts. Extensive experiments on Charades-STA and ActivityNet Captions demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for mitigating the reliance on temporal biases and strengthening the model's generalization ability against the different temporal distributions. Code is available at https://github.com/haojc/ShufflingVideosForTSG., Comment: Accepted by ECCV2022

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery suggests the use of multimodal analgesia to optimize the perioperative pain management scheme. At present, studies have shown that the application of acupuncture combined anesthesia in thoracoscopy has achieved good curative effect. However, there is no relevant systematic evaluation. Our study is the first meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined anesthesia in pain management after thoracoscopy, in order to provide strong evidence for clinical support. Methods: A comprehensive and systematic literature searching will mainly perform on 7 electronic databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP Information, and WanFang Data, Chinese Biomedical Database) from their inception up to November 30, 2021. We will also search for ongoing or unpublished studies from other websites (eg, PROSPERO, ClinicalTrials.gov, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry) and do manual retrieval for potential gray literature. Only the relevant randomized controlled trials published in English or Chinese were included. Two independent investigators will independently complete literature selection, assessment of risk bias, and data extraction, the disagreements will be discussed with the third party for final decisions. The primary outcome measures: visual analog scale, intraoperative anesthetic dosage, and the consumption of postoperative analgesics. The secondary outcome measures: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the total sleep time after operation, residence time in the anesthesia recovery room, the duration of hospitalization, and the incidence of adverse reactions and serious events. Assessment of bias risk will follow the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data processing will be conducted by Stata 15.0 software. Results: We will evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture assisted anesthesia for postoperative pain after thoracoscopy based on randomized controlled trials. Conclusion: This study can provide more comprehensive and strong evidence whether acupuncture assisted anesthesia is efficacy and safe for postoperative pain in thoracoscopy. Registration: The research has been registered and approved on the INPLASY website. The registration number is INPLASY 2021120129.

Additional file 1. Supplementary figures of the article.

Novel humidity sensors based on semiconducting metal oxides with good humidity-sensing properties have attracted extensive attention, which due to their high sensitivity at room temperature, high safety, low hysteresis, and long-term stability. As a typical p-type semiconductor metal oxide, CuO is considered to be a high-performance moisture-sensitive material; however, with the development of production, the complex working environment has put forward higher requirements for its humidity sensitivity, especially sensitivity and stability. In this regard, workers around the world are working to improve the moisture-sensing properties of sensing elements. In this review, the humidity-sensing properties of CuO-based moisture-sensitive materials are comprehensively summarized, focusing on effective measures to improve the moisture-sensing properties of CuO-based moisture-sensitive materials, including surface modification and nanocomposites. The future research of semiconducting metal oxide humidity-sensitive materials is also prospected.

Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death characterized by iron overload, oxidative stress, imbalance in lipid repair, and mitochondria-specific pathological manifestations. Growing number of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways have been found to be involved in ferroptosis progression, including iron metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy metabolism. It is worth noting that ferroptosis is involved in the progression of fibrotic diseases such as liver cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and inhibition of ferroptosis has acquired beneficial outcomes in rodent models, while studies on ferroptosis and renal fibrosis remains limited. Recent studies have revealed that targeting ferroptosis can effectively mitigate chronic kidney injury and renal fibrosis. Moreover, myofibroblasts suffer from ferroptosis during fiber and extracellular matrix deposition in the fibrotic cascade reaction and pharmacological modulation of ferroptosis shows great therapeutic effect on renal fibrosis. Here, we summarize the latest molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis from high-quality studies and review its therapeutic potential in renal fibrosis.

Additional file 1.

Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1), a member of the Fas family, is involved in biological processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, cell proliferation and proteostasis. This study aimed to explore the biological role of FAF1 in testicular tissue at different ages (juveniles (1 and 2 years old), adults (3, 4, 6, and 7 years old) and old-aged animals (11 years old)) and ovaries during different reproductive cycle phases (follicular, luteal, and pregnancy phases). FAF1 mRNA, relative protein expression and protein expression localization were determined in testes and ovaries using real-time quantification, WB and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Real-time quantification of testis tissues showed that the relative expression of FAF1 mRNA in testis tissues at 3, 4 and 7 years of age was significantly higher than of those in other ages, and in ovarian tissues was significantly higher in luteal phase ovaries than those in follicular and pregnancy phase ovaries; follicular phase ovaries were the lowest. WB of testis tissues showed that the relative protein expression of FAF1 protein was significantly higher at 11 and 7 years of age; in ovarian tissue, the relative protein expression of FAF1 protein was significantly higher in follicular phase ovaries than in luteal and pregnancy phase ovaries, and lowest in luteal phase ovaries. The relative protein expression of FAF1 at 3, 4 and 7 years of age was the lowest. IHC showed that FAF1 was mainly expressed in spermatozoa, spermatocytes, spermatogonia and supporting cells; in ovarian tissue, FAF1 was expressed in ovarian germ epithelial cells, granulosa cells, cumulus cells and luteal cells. The IHC results showed that FAF1 mRNA and protein were significantly differentially expressed in testes of different ages and ovarian tissues of different reproductive cycle phases, revealing the significance of FAF1 in the regulation of male and female B. grunniens reproductive physiology. Furthermore, our results provide a basis for the further exploration of FAF1 in the reproductive physiology of B. grunniens.

The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a leading cause of mosquito-borne viral encephalitis worldwide. Clinical symptoms other than encephalitis, on the other hand, are substantially more prevalent with JEV infection, demonstrating the relevance of peripheral pathophysiology. We studied the peripheral immunopathogenesis of JEV using IFNAR deficient (IFNAR–/–) mice infected with the SA14-14-2 strain under the BSL-2. The body weight and survival rate of infected-IFNAR–/–mice decreased significantly. Infected-IFNAR–/–mice’s liver and spleen demonstrated obvious tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration. There was also extensive viral replication in the organs. IFN-α/β protein expression was dramatically elevated in peripheral tissues and serum, although the related interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) remained low in the spleen and liver of infected-IFNAR–/–animals. Consistently, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis using RNA-sequencing of spleens showed inflammatory cytokines upregulation, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1, and IFN-γ associated cytokine storm. The infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen and liver of SA14-14-2-infected IFNAR–/– mice was dramatically elevated. However, there was no significant difference in tissue damage, viral multiplication, or the production of IFNα/β and inflammatory cytokines in the brain. Infection with the JEV SA14-14-2 strain resulted in a lethal peripheral inflammatory response and organ damage without encephalitis in IFNAR–/– mice. Our findings may help shed light on the peripheral immunopathogenesis associated with clinical JEV infection and aid in developing treatment options.

Optimal coordination-site exposure engineering in porous platinum brings ultrahigh activity and durability for the fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction., In this study, we report that optimal coordination-site exposure engineering in porous platinum brings ultrahigh activity and durability for the fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The porous platinum with numerous grain boundaries (GBP-Pt) consisting of 3 nm crystals exhibits 7 times higher ORR activity than commercial Pt. For fuel-cell measurements, the GBP-Pt catalyst based MEA exhibits high power density (1.49 W cm–2, 0.71 A mg–1 Pt for mass activity) and stability (12.9% loss after 30 K cycles), all of which far surpass the U.S. DOE target in 2020 (0.44 A mg–1 Pt for mass activity and 40% loss for stability). Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation and X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) results suggest that proper Pt coordination site exposure in grain boundaries provides optimal adsorption energies for oxygen species and high stability in the ORR, even superior to Pt(111) sites. We anticipated that coordination-site exposure engineering would open a new avenue to offer robust electrocatalysts for the fuel-cell oxygen reduction reaction.

In order to ensure the security of information assets and standardize the risk assessment and inspection workflow of information assets. This paper has designed and developed a risk assessment system for information and communication equipment with simple operation, offline assessment, and diversified external interfaces. The process of risk assessment can be realized, which effectively improves the efficiency of risk assessment.

Aiming at the problems of traditional sergeant education teaching content, single teaching mode, and inaccurate assessment, the teaching design and implementation strategy of using “Internet +” technology to build a smart classroom combined with sergeant education is proposed. It is expected to provide relevant theoretical basis and support for the practical application of smart classrooms in sergeant education.

This study explored the effects of varying the time of pulsed ultrasound (PUS) treatment on the physicochemical and textural properties of chicken myofibrillar protein (CMP) gel. The solubility rapidly increased at ≤ 6 min and then steadily decreased, while the particle size showed the opposite trend. At longer PUS treatment times, the total sulfhydryl（–SH）and reactive SH content of CMP gel all decreased. The absolute value of the zeta potential and surface hydrophobicity at 6 min were higher. The most hydrogen bonds were formed. G′ and G″ were also optimal, indicating that a more viscoelastic gel was formed. Meanwhile, the textural properties (including hardness and springiness) were significantly improved by PUS. These findings show that PUS significantly affected the physicochemical and textural properties of CMP gel, and at 6 min, the best gel hardness and springiness were achieved.

While polarisation sensing is vital in many areas of research, with applications spanning from microscopy to aerospace, traditional approaches are limited by method-related error amplification or accumulation, placing fundamental limitations on precision and accuracy in single-shot polarimetry. Here, we put forward a new measurement paradigm to circumvent this, introducing the notion of a universal full Poincar\'e generator to map all polarisation analyser states into a single vectorially structured light field, allowing all vector components to be analysed in a single-shot with theoretically user-defined precision. To demonstrate the advantage of our approach, we use a common GRIN optic as our mapping device and show mean errors of

Acute and chronic kidney injuries result from structural dysfunction and metabolic disorders of the kidney in various etiologies, which significantly affect human survival and social wealth. Nephropathies are often accompanied by various forms of cell death and complex microenvironments. In recent decades, the study of kidney diseases and the traditional forms of cell death have improved. Nontraditional forms of cell death, represented by ferroptosis and necroptosis, have been discovered in the field of kidney diseases, which have reshuffled the role of traditional cell death in nephropathies. Although interactions between ferroptosis and acute kidney injury (AKI) have been continuously explored, studies on ferroptosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain limited. Here, we have reviewed the therapeutic significance of ferroptosis in AKI and anticipated the curative potential of ferroptosis for CKD in the hope of providing insights into ferroptosis and CKD.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Over the past few decades, many studies have investigated the effects of VA supplementation in ASD patients and the relationship between vitamin A (VA) levels and ASD. VA is an essential micronutrient that plays an important role in various systems and biological processes in the form of retinoic acid (RA). Recent studies have shown that serum VA concentration is negatively correlated with the severity of ASD. The lack of VA during pregnancy or early fetal development can affect brain development and lead to long-term or even permanent impairment in the learning process, memory formation, and cognitive function. In addition, VA deficiency has been reported to have a major impact on the gastrointestinal function of children with ASD, while VA supplementation has been shown to improve the symptoms of ASD to a certain extent. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the relationship between VA and ASD.

In view of the lack of an effective evaluation model for optical network survivability evaluation caused by geographical disasters, this paper has studied and proposed an evaluation model for optical network survivability considering geographical disasters, designed and proposed an evaluation index for survivability based on communication efficiency. On this basis, a survivability assessment method considering protection and unprotected conditions is proposed. Simulation results show that this method can effectively evaluate the invulnerability of optical networks under geographical disasters.