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Promoting and realizing high-quality economic development is a major development strategy in China, but realizing high-quality macroeconomic development must be implemented at the micro-enterprise level. This paper takes Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2020 as a sample. By collecting data from CSMAR (China Stock Market & Accounting Research Database), CSMAR (China Stock Market & Accounting Research Database), and CNRDS (Chinese Research Data Services) and using a fixed-effects model, this paper investigates the impact of informal board level on the high-quality development of enterprises. The results of the study show that the informal board hierarchy contributes to the high-quality development of firms and is stronger in non-SOEs and firms with lower quality of internal control; the mechanism study shows that the informal hierarchy can contribute to the high-quality development of firms by reducing agency costs and improving business performance. In addition, higher levels of environmental uncertainty and board interaction can weaken the role of the informal hierarchy in promoting high-quality corporate development. Based on the perspective of the informal system, this paper innovatively explores how the informal level of the board of directors can overcome the shortcomings and risks of the “people” in the formal system. It is of practical significance to optimize the corporate governance structure and improve the corporate governance system and promote the high-quality development of enterprises.

In order to explore the temporal and spatial evolution of the mechanical characteristics of hydraulic tunnels with high ground temperature during construction, a numerical simulation study was performed on the construction process of the tunnel using finite element calculation software, and the results were compared with the field monitoring results. The results showed that the displacements of the top arch and waist arch of the tunnel increased with time, and the top arch of the tunnel entrance was greatly affected by the excavation. The plastic zone was larger in the top arch and the bottom arch of surrounding rock, and smaller in the waist arch. The plastic strain of the top arch and bottom arch of surrounding rock was smaller, while the plastic strain of the waist arch was larger. The parallel excavation and lining construction have less impact on the surrounding rock.

The identity of the mechanism that controls aggressive behavior in rodents is unclear. Serotonin (5-HT) and GABA are associated with aggressive behavior in rodents. However, the regulatory relationship between these chemicals in the different brain regions of rats has not been fully defined. This study aimed to clarify the role of GABABR1 in DRN-mediated GABA to regulate 5-HT expression in multiple brain regions in male rats with high and low aggressive behavior. Rat models of highly and less aggressive behavior were established through social isolation plus resident intruder. On this basis, GABA content in the DRN and 5-HT contents in the PFC, hypothalamus, hippocampus and DRN were detected using ELISA. Co-expression of 5-HT and GB1 in the DRN was detected by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy at the tissue and subcellular levels, respectively. GB1-specific agonist baclofen and GB1-specific inhibitor CGP35348 were injected into the DRN by stereotaxic injection. Changes in 5-HT levels in the PFC, hypothalamus and hippocampus were detected afterward. After modeling, rats with highly aggressive behavior exhibited higher aggressive behavior scores, shorter latencies of aggression, and higher total distances in the open field test than rats with less aggressive behavior. The contents of 5-HT in the PFC, hypothalamus and hippocampus of rats with high and low aggressive behavior (no difference between the two groups) were significantly decreased, but the change in GABA content in the DRN was the opposite. GB1 granules could be found on synaptic membranes containing 5-HT granules, which indicated that 5-HT neurons in the DRN co-expressed with GB1, which also occurred in double immunofluorescence results. At the same time, we found that the expression of GB1 in the DRN of rats with high and low aggressive behavior was significantly increased, and the expression of GB1 in the DRN of rats with low aggressive behavior was significantly higher than that in rats with high aggressive behavior. Nevertheless, the expression of 5-HT in DRN was opposite in these two groups. After microinjection of baclofen into the DRN, the 5-HT contents in the PFC, hypothalamus and hippocampus of rats in each group decreased significantly. In contrast, the 5-HT contents in the PFC, hypothalamus and hippocampus of rats in each group increased significantly after injection with CGP35348. The significant increase in GABA in the DRN combined with the significant increase in GB1 in the DRN further mediated the synaptic inhibition effect, which reduced the 5-HT level of 5-HT neurons in the DRN, resulting in a significant decrease in 5-HT levels in the PFC, hypothalamus and hippocampus. Therefore, GB1-mediated GABA regulation of 5-HT levels in the PFC, hypothalamus and hippocampus is one of the mechanisms of highly and less aggressive behavior originating in the DRN. The increased GB1 level in the DRN of LA-behavior rats exhibited a greater degree of change than in the HA-group rats, which indicated that differently decreased 5-HT levels in the DRN may be the internal mechanisms of high and low aggression behaviors.

Background: To explore the intervention mechanism of Baixiangdan Capsule(BXD) and Shuyu Capsule(SY) in the treatment of anger-out and anger-in. A kind of GABABR1(GB1) mediated GABA in the dorsal raphe nucleus(DRN) regulating serotonin(5-HT) levels in the Prefrontal Cortex(PFC), Hippocampus and Hypothalamus in Anger-out and Anger-in male rats. To further explore the difference of Baixiangdan Capsule(BXD) and Shuyu Capsule(SY) in the treatment of anger-out and anger-in.Methods: The anger rat model was established by social isolation combined with resident-intruder paradigm, and behavioral evaluation was used to screen and distinguish anger-out and anger-in model rats. BXD and SY were intervention drugs of anger–out and anger-in rats respectively. On this basis, ELISA was used to detect GABA content in DRN and 5-HT contents in PFC, hippocampus and hypothalamus after different time course (0,1,3,5,7 days) treated with BXD and SY. The co expression of 5-HT and GB1 in DRN was detected by immunofluorescence double labeling technique. Finally, brain stereotactic localization was performed after baclofen, the GB1 specific agonist, and CGP35348, the GB1 specific inhibitor, were injected into the DRN, the 5-HT contents in PFC, hippocampus and hypothalamus was detected by ELISA.Results: After drug treatment, ABT scores and OFT total distance in BXD group were significantly decreased to the level of control group (PConclusions: BXD and SY can effectively improve the abnormal behavior changes of anger-out and anger-in rats, and the optimal duration of action is 7 days. The improvement way is to correct the following abnormal changes: The significantly increased GABA in DRN combined with a significantly increased GB1 on 5-HT neurons in DRN, which further mediated the synaptic inhibition effect, thereby reducing 5-HT level of 5-HT neurons in DRN, resulting in a significant decrease of 5-HT levels in PFC, hypothalamus and hippocampus. Therefore, GB1 mediated GABA in DRN can regulate 5-HT levels in PFC, hypothalamus and hippocampus, which may be one of the ways that BXD and SY treat anger-out and anger-in.

Background: Spontaneous regression of tumor is an extremely rare phenomenon in the oncology field and even rarer for lung cancer. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Summarizing the available clinical information and the supposed mechanism shed new light on lung cancer therapy strategies in the new era of immunotherapy. Summary: We conducted a PubMed search using the retrieval tactics (“Lung Neoplasms” [Mesh]) AND “Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous” [Mesh] for reports from 1988 to January 2018, and all references in the relevant literature were subsequently investigated for relevance. Using the criteria of Everson and Cole, 14 cases were finally defined as spontaneous regression and were reviewed in the research. Key messages: The information regarding patient characteristics, treatments, and follow-up has been summarized. In this review, we found that spontaneous lung cancer regression cases fall into two categories including: (1) neurologic disorders in 6 cases, half of whom suffered with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) and (2) immunological reactions in 7 cases. Getting data on more spontaneous regression cases and more detailed information will definitely help us understand the mechanism for the body’s surveillance system-cancer balance, creating a big chance to increase cancer immunotherapy.

As a new type of self-healing material, room-temperature liquid metal (LM) composed of Ga, In and Sn is a promising anode in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). It is difficult to directly prepare an electrode slurry with pure LM. Here, the LM electrode slurry was successfully prepared by simple high-speed stirring method. The LM in the slurry was evenly distributed in the form of liquid particles (average size 100 {\mu}m) and no aggregation occurred. The initial discharge specific capacity of LM is 1148 mAh g-1, and the stable discharge specific capacity is 350 mAh g-1. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show that three pairs of obvious reduction peaks and oxidation occur in LM anodes at 0.37 V,0.67 V,1.02 V and 0.72 V,0.79 V,0.97 V. In the process of lithium insertion, the LM undergoes a liquid-solid phase transition, and when it is delithiated, it will be converted into a liquid phase. The SEI film consumed active lithium and electrolyte during the long cycle, resulting in loss of reversible capacity.

Lei Hong,1 Haijuan Wang,2 Junyan Wang,1 Suju Wei,1 Fan Zhang,1 Jing Han,1 Yan Liu,1 Minting Ma,1 Chengyuan Liu,1 Yu Xu,1 Da Jiang1 1Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, People’s Republic of China; 2Examination and Training Center Health and Family Planning Commission of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Da JiangDepartment of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 311 8609 5672Email yzc1244@163.comBackground: The tumor suppressor role of lncRNA PTCSC3 has been reported in papillary thyroid carcinoma, our study aimed to investigate its involvement in gastric cancer.Methods: Tumor tissues and adjacent healthy tissues were collected from gastric cancer patients. Expression of PTCSC3 and lncRNA Linc-pint in these tissues was analyzed by RT-qPCR. The interaction between PTCSC3 and Linc-pint was analyzed by overexpression experiments. Cell proliferation and stemness were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and cell stemness assay, respectively.Results: PTCSC3 and lncRNA Linc-pint were both downregulated in tumor tissues than in adjacent healthy tissues of gastric cancer patients. Low levels of PTCSC3 and Linc-pint were closely correlated with poor survival. PTCSC3 and Linc-pint overexpression inhibited tumor growth and cancer cell stemness, while Linc-pint knockdown played an opposite role an attenuated the effects of PTCSC3 overexpression. Expression levels of PTCSC3 and Linc-pint were significantly correlated in tumor tissues but not in adjacent healthy tissues. Overexpression of PTCSC3 and Linc-pint upregulated the expression of each other.Conclusion: PTCSC3 inhibits tumor growth and cancer cell stemness in gastric cancer by interacting with lncRNA Linc-pint.Keywords: gastric cancer, lncRNA PTCSC3, lncRNA Linc-pint, growth, stemness

In order to obtain the optimal control of the parameters of the critical equipment for the formation of a slim cigarette rod. In this study, the loose-end rate and weight stability are taken as the measurement indicators. According to the five factors that affect the control parameters of the critical equipment of tobacco forming, the “Uniform Design Method” is used to set up different control parameter combinations. The stepwise function is used to analyze the quadratic polynomial stepwise regression analysis, and the control parameter model is established and verified and optimized. The results show that the negative pressure of the suction chamber is 90Mbar, the proportion coefficient of the needle roller is 78%, the thickness of the block above the cleaver disc (the rail of the suction) is 2.5mm, the gap between the wire pressing wheel and the rail of the cigarette gun is 4.3mm, and the height of the cigarette tongue outlet is 4.3mm. The optimal range of the forming parameters of the cigarette rod can be obtained, which can effectively reduce the loose-end rate of the slim cigarette rod and improve the stability of the cigarette weight.

In this paper, Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal alloy was used as anode material of lithium-ion batteries. The first specific discharge capacity of quasicrystal was 204mAh/g. Cyclic voltammetry showed that oxidation peak of Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal was at about 1.4V. The reduction peak was at 0.3V. Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal have higher Li-ion diffusion impedance and Warburg in the first cycle. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrate that Li atom enter into quasicrystal structure can not fully leave quasicrytal during first charge/discharge cycle which induce the irreversible capacity.

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become one of the latest application technologies in the aeromagnetic field. Furthermore, high-precision aeromagnetic gradient surveys need higher precision magnetometers, and higher dynamic measurement precision of UAVs. The problem of magnetic interference of UAVs must be solved to implement high-precision aeromagnetic surveys, as the switch mode power supply (SMPS) is one of the most important interference sources of UAVs. Through the analysis of electromagnetic interference (EMI) sources of UAVs and the working characteristics of optical pumping magnetometers, this paper intends to design and optimize the switching power supply circuit, reduce the generation of EMI, and improve the measurement precision of optical pumping magnetometers.

Organic acids widely exist in plants and environment.They can chelate metals and participate in the metabolitic process of metal uptake,translocation and accumulation,and thus play an important role in plant metal tolerance and detoxification.The changes of organic acid contents in terrestrial plants under arsenic stress have been well documented,but little information is available regarding the changes of organic acids in aquatic plants under different arsenic speciation treatments.The arsenic uptake abilities varied among the aquatic plants.The comparsion between plant species regarding their arsenic-accumulating abilities could provide valuable information in understanding arsenic uptake mechanism.The results of a previous study showed that Hydrilla verticillata can hyperaccumulate arsenic with an average concentration of 282 mg/kg in plants from water containing 0.046 mg/L As.However,the concentrations of arsenic in Potamogeton malaianus were only 129 and 121 mg/kg when exposed to 5.0 mg/L As(Ⅲ) or As(Ⅴ),respectively. In the present research,a hydroponic culture method,together with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),was used to evaluate the organic acid contents in plants and root exudation of Hydrilla verticillata(arsenic hyperaccumulator) and Potamogeton malaianus(non-hyperaccumulator) as affected by arsenic of different species [As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ),dimethylarsinate(DMA)].Arsenic concentrations were applied in the range of 0—5.0 mg/L.The results showed that the natural contents of oxalic,malonic,citric,malic and palmitic acids in H.verticillata were significantly higher than those of P.malaianus(P0.05).In As(Ⅲ) treatments,the contents of citric,malic,palmitic,linolenic and total organic acids significantly decreased in H.verticillata,and the similar decreasing trend was also observed for palmitic acid content in P.malaianus.In the As(Ⅴ) treatments,a significant decrease was observed for the contents of palmitic acid and total organic acids in H.verticillata and palmitic acid in P.malaianus.In the DMA treantments,the contents of oxalic,citric and malic acids significantly decreased in H.verticillata,and the decreasing trend was also observed for the contents of palmitic,linolenic and total organic acids in P.malaianus.The contents of palmitic acid,linolenic acid,or total organic acid was negatively correlated to arsenic concentrations in H.verticillata in As(Ⅲ) treantments,and the negative correlation was also found between oxalic acid and arsenic concentration in As(Ⅴ) treantments(P0.05).A significantly negative correlation was also noted between the contents of palmitic acid,linolenic acid,or total organic acid and concentrations of arsenic in P.malaianus in As(Ⅲ) or DMA treantments.Citric acid content also negatively correlated to arsenic uptake in DMA treantment(P0.05).Oxalic,malonic,succinic and palmitic acids were determined in the root exudates of two tested plants,and a significantly positive correlation was observed between the concentration of oxalic exudation and that of arsenic in H.verticillata in As(Ⅲ) or As(Ⅴ) treantments.The present study concludes that root exudation of oxalic is one of impotrant mechanisms in arsenic hyperaccumulation by H.verticillata in As(Ⅲ) or As(Ⅴ) treantment.

Accumulating evidence suggests that adult hippocampal neurogenesis relies on the controlled and continued proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). With age, neurogenesis decreases through mechanisms that remain unclear but are believed to involve changes in the NPC microenvironment. Here, we provide evidence that NPC proliferation in the adult brain is in part regulated by astrocytes via Wnt signaling and that this cellular cross-talk is modified in the aging brain, leading to decreased proliferation of NPCs. Furthermore, we show that astrocytes regulate the NPC cell cycle by acting on the expression levels of survivin, a known mitotic regulator. Among cell cycle genes found down-regulated in aged NPCs, survivin was the only one that restored NPC proliferation in the aged brain. Our results provide a mechanism for the gradual loss of neurogenesis in the brain associated with aging and suggest that targeted modulation of survivin expression directly or through Wnt signaling could be used to stimulate adult neurogenesis.

With the progress of high alloy steelmaking processes, it is essential to minimize the loss of valuable metals, like chromium and vanadium during the decarburization process, from both economic as well as environmental view points. One unique technique to realize this aim, used in the present work, is the decarburization of high alloy steel grades using oxygen with CO2 in order to reduce the partial pressure of oxygen. In the present work, the investigation on the oxidation of iron-chromium and iron-vanadium molten alloys under CO2-O2 mixtures was carried out and presented in this dissertation. For oxidation study on Fe-Cr molten alloy with CO2-O2 mixtures, on the basis of thermodynamic analysis, energy balance calculation and modeling results, experimental validation in laboratory was carried out, and later on, the oxidation kinetics of Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-C melts under controlled partial pressure of oxygen was investigated. Thermodynamics calculation and energy balance estimation demonstrated that, it is possible to use CO2 or CO2-O2 mixtures as decarburizers during EAF process and high initial carbon contents in the steel can be adopted at the beginning in order to reduce the cost. A generic model has been developed to describe the overall process kinetics prevailing in metallurgical reactors containing liquid metal and gas bubbles. This model is general and can be extended further to consider any gas liquid reactions in any chemical engineering reactor, and especially the metallurgical ones, like AOD. In the present dissertation, the model is applied in predicting the evolution of Cr and C contents in a Fe-C-Cr melt during injection of different O2-CO2 mixtures. The related simulation results illustrated that CO2 is efficient in Cr retention. In order to verify the modeling results, 1kg induction furnace experiments were carried out in the present laboratory. The results indicated that the predictions of the model are in good agreement with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the experimental results indicated that the Cr-losses can be significantly lowered by replacing the oxygen with CO2 in the injected gas, specifically for Fe-Cr-C melts with carbon levels higher than about 0.8 mass%. Subsequently, the oxidation kinetics of Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-C melts was investigated under different CO2-O2 mixtures. It is indicated that, the oxidation rate is controlled by the chemical reaction at the initial stage and the reaction rate can be expressed as at the Cr range of 11-21 mass% in the Fe-Cr melt. For oxidation study on Fe-V liquid alloy, the investigation of the oxidation kinetics was carried out under CO2-O2 mixtures, which is followed by the study on thermodynamic properties of vanadium containing slags. During oxidation of Fe-V melt, in the case of alloys with vanadium contents exceeding 10 mass%, there exists an incubation period before the chemical reactions prevail the process. In addition, the ‘incubation time’ increased with the increase of temperature and the vanadium content, whereas it decreased with the increase of oxygen partial pressure in the oxidant gas. High-temperature mass spectrometric method was used to determine the activity of the vanadium oxide in CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-V2O3 slags, whereas, the oxidation states of vanadium in the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-VOxslag system was studied by XANES method. The results indicated that, higher basicities stabilize higher vanadium oxidation state, whereas, higher temperature stabilizes lower vanadium oxidation state. The present work, which was carried out within the ECO-STEELMAKING project funded by MISTRA via Jernkontoret is expected to lead to implementation of some modifications in high alloy steel production based on fundamental concepts towards more environment-friendly steel processing. QC20100628