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Deep model-based architectures (DMBAs) integrating physical measurement models and learned image regularizers are widely used in parallel magnetic resonance imaging (PMRI). Traditional DMBAs for PMRI rely on pre-estimated coil sensitivity maps (CSMs) as a component of the measurement model. However, estimation of accurate CSMs is a challenging problem when measurements are highly undersampled. Additionally, traditional training of DMBAs requires high-quality groundtruth images, limiting their use in applications where groundtruth is difficult to obtain. This paper addresses these issues by presenting SPICE as a new method that integrates self-supervised learning and automatic coil sensitivity estimation. Instead of using pre-estimated CSMs, SPICE simultaneously reconstructs accurate MR images and estimates high-quality CSMs. SPICE also enables learning from undersampled noisy measurements without any groundtruth. We validate SPICE on experimentally collected data, showing that it can achieve state-of-the-art performance in highly accelerated data acquisition settings (up to 10x).

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-chi-10.1177_17423953221110151 for How does the COVID-19 pandemic impact medication adherence of patients with chronic disease?: A systematic review by Suebsarn Ruksakulpiwat, Wendie Zhou, Atsadaporn Niyomyart, Tongyao Wang and Aaron Kudlowitz in Chronic Illness

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-chi-10.1177_17423953221110151 for How does the COVID-19 pandemic impact medication adherence of patients with chronic disease?: A systematic review by Suebsarn Ruksakulpiwat, Wendie Zhou, Atsadaporn Niyomyart, Tongyao Wang and Aaron Kudlowitz in Chronic Illness

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-chi-10.1177_17423953221110151 for How does the COVID-19 pandemic impact medication adherence of patients with chronic disease?: A systematic review by Suebsarn Ruksakulpiwat, Wendie Zhou, Atsadaporn Niyomyart, Tongyao Wang and Aaron Kudlowitz in Chronic Illness

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-chi-10.1177_17423953221110151 for How does the COVID-19 pandemic impact medication adherence of patients with chronic disease?: A systematic review by Suebsarn Ruksakulpiwat, Wendie Zhou, Atsadaporn Niyomyart, Tongyao Wang and Aaron Kudlowitz in Chronic Illness

Using novel biodegradable elastomer particles (BEP) prepared by the technologies of melt polycondensation, emulsification, and irradiation vulcanization, we successfully prepared advanced poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/BEP composites with higher toughness, higher biodegradability, and better cytocompatibility than neat PLA by means of the melt blending technology. The experimental results revealed that the elongation at break of the PLA/BEP composites containing 8 parts per hundred rubber (phr) by weight BEP increased dramatically from 2.9% of neat PLA to 67.1%, and the notched impact strength increased from 3.01 to 7.24 kJ/m2. Meanwhile, the biodegradation rate of the PLA/BEP composites increased dramatically in both soil environment and lipase solution, and the crystallization rate and crystallinity of the PLA/BEP composites increased significantly compared to those of neat PLA. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay also showed that the viability of L929 cells in the presence of extracts of PLA/BEP composites was more than 75%, indicating that the PLA/BEP composites were not cytotoxic and had better cytocompatibility than neat PLA. Research on advanced PLA/BEP composites opens up new potential avenues for preparing advanced PLA products, especially for advanced biomedical materials.

Using the melt polycondensation of five bio-based aliphatic monomers (succinic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol), we first synthesized the more flexible and biodegradable polyester diols (BPD) with an average molecular weight of 3825. Then, the BPD was polymerized with excessive 4,4&prime, diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Finally, the molecular chain extender of 1,4-butanediol (BDO) was used to fabricate the biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (BTPU), comprising the soft segment of BPD and the hard segment polymerized by MDI and BDO. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed the two-phase structure of the BTPU. The tensile strength of the BTPU containing 60% BPD was about 30 MPa and elongation at break of the BTPU was over 800%. Notably, the BTPU had superior biodegradability in lipase solution and the biodegradation weight loss ratio of the BTPU containing 80% BPD reached 36.7% within 14 days in the lipase solution.