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To meet the demand of scalability and decision-making foresight of the traditional dispatching automation system in the new power system, a novel pre-dispatching method of new generation dispatching and control was proposed. First, the power grid digital twin was established in the description subsystem layer, which can reflect the state of power grid primary equipment, secondary equipment, and environment. Then, in the prediction subsystem level, the deep learning models were used to learn and predict future situation or accident risk of power grid operation in power grid digital twin. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified by the implementation example of East China Grid. The application results show that the pre-dispatching method improves the efficiency of system in dealing with the operation control problems of the new power system, which also provides a useful reference for comprehensive construction, popularization, and application of new generation power systems.

The domain terms in power grid operation management documents are professional and complex. In the process of information extraction, excellent and applicable event detection methods are needed to extract event subjects. However, most of the current Chinese event detection methods use the word embedding technology to capture semantic representation, but it is difficult for these methods to capture the dependency between trigger words and other domain words in the same sentence. Based on the above situation, this paper proposes a novel hybrid representation architecture to represent the semantic and structural information of two characters and words. The model can capture rich semantic features through the semantic representation generated by the dependency parser. The experiment is based on the corpus of dispatching log, dispatching maintenance ticket, and dispatching plan. The results show that this method can significantly improve the performance of power grid dispatching text event detection.

As an important oil and gas-bearing area in the Tarim Basin, the Halahatang Area has great potential for resource exploration. However, the research on oil and gas sources and the filling period of the Lower Paleozoic Ordovician is still limited. In this study, the organic geochemical analysis of source rocks, the simulation technology of hydrocarbon generation evolution basin, the distribution characteristics of fluid inclusions, and the measurement of uniform temperature are used and combined with the stable isotope of natural gas and the characteristics of oil-source biomarkers, and the process of oil and gas accumulation is restored. The results show that: ①The Cambrian source rock is the main contributor to Ordovician crude oil in the Halahatang Area, and its crude oil shows the characteristics of lightweight, rich chain hydrocarbons, and poor aromatic hydrocarbons. The composition of C7 compound shows the advantage of n-heptane, which belongs to type I kerogen. The biomarker compounds show the characteristics of high content of long-chain tricyclic terpane and high Ts/Tm values, and the crude oil is considered to be a highly mature sapropelic kerogen source oil. ②The carbon isotopes of methane and ethane of Ordovician natural gas in the Halahatang Area are light (from −35.6 to −29.5‰), showing obvious characteristics of sapropelic gas. ③There are three stages of the oil and gas accumulation process in Ordovician reservoirs in the Halahatang Area. In the middle and late Caledonian periods, the source rock reached the hydrocarbon generation threshold and began to generate oil. The late Hercynian period was the main accumulation period, and the Himalayan period was dominated by dry gas filling. ④The crude oil generated in the Middle-Late Caledonian periods migrated along the faults and conductive layers and finally accumulated in the high parts of the structure in the north. The migration of oil and gas in the late Hercynian period was limited by the bitumen produced by early biodegradation. Since the asphalt plugging condensate gas has almost failed to cause gas invasion from the reservoir, the Ordovician reservoir still maintains the characteristics of crude oil-associated gas, forming an oil and gas reservoir with a gas cap.

The evaluation of reservoirs is of great importance in exploration practices, and reservoir distribution is dependent on multiple geological factors. The carbonate platform of the fourth member (Z2dn4) of the Dengying Formation (Z2dn) in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area (GMA) was uplifted above sea level during episode II of the Tongwan movement and underwent prolonged karstification by meteoric freshwater in the terminal Sinian, leading to a strong heterogeneity in reservoirs. Paleogeomorphology reflects hydraulic gradients that can affect the intensities of surface karstification and may be approximated by terrain slope gradients. Karst products (especially solution vugs and caverns) exist prevailingly in the Z2dn4; their development mirrors the extents of internal dissolution. Based on paleogeomorphological reconstruction using the elevation method, the slope angles of single boreholes were calculated through the digital elevation model (DEM). In accordance with single-borewell Fullbore Formation MicroImager (FMI) logging data, four electrofacies (host rock, vug, fracture, and cave) were identified in boreholes possessing FMI data. The identified electrofacies were matched with corresponding conventional logging curves to obtain the training data. A model generalized for other boreholes without FMI data was established with the random forest algorithm and the thicknesses of the four electrofacies in each borehole were determined to characterize the extent of karstification. Slope gradients and electrofacies thicknesses, together with multiple physical parameters of reservoirs in boreholes, were utilized for factor analysis. Four factors were obtained and fused into one comprehensive score based on their ratios of variance proportions. The favorability of reservoirs was described by the comprehensive scores of each borehole. These analyses showed that the most advantageous reservoirs are distributed in the vicinity of the platform margin in the west of the GMA, where they enjoy several benefits. Deposition of porous mound-shoal complexes occurs predominantly in the platform margin where large-scale caves are more developed in the mixing karst zone of seawater and freshwater. Meanwhile, the transmeridional lateral migration of hydrocarbons from the regional hydrocarbon-generating center abutting the west of the GMA contributes to earlier entrapment and accumulation in the mound-shoal complexes in the platform margin.

Based on the 4 measured profiles, 17 observation profiles, and 13 drilling core macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in the Sichuan Basin, combined with analysis and testing, and reservoir logging interpretation, the reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of the Longwangmiao Formation are analyzed. The marginal bank of the underwater paleo-uplift of the restricted platform and the point bank facies within the platform belong to the sedimentary facies belts that are most conducive to the formation and evolution of the reservoir. However, the later transformation of dolomitization and dissolution played decisive roles in the formation of the reservoir. The Caledonian epigenetic karstification is the main reason for the lack of the overlying stratum of the Cambrian in the Sichuan Basin, and it is also the most important factor for the formation of large-scale dissolved cavities in the Longwangmiao Formation in the Sichuan Basin.

Ground-state properties of even-even nuclei with $8\le Z\le120$ from the proton drip line to the neutron drip line have been investigated using the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum (DRHBc) with the density functional PC-PK1. With the effects of deformation and continuum included simultaneously, 2583 even-even nuclei are predicted to be bound. The calculated binding energies, two-nucleon separation energies, root-mean-square (rms) radii of neutron, proton, matter, and charge distributions, quadrupole deformations, and neutron and proton Fermi surfaces are tabulated and compared with available experimental data. The rms deviation from the 637 mass data is 1.518 MeV, providing one of the best microscopic descriptions for nuclear masses. The drip lines obtained from DRHBc calculations are compared with other calculations, including the spherical relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB) and triaxial relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (TRHB) calculations with PC-PK1. The deformation and continuum effects on the limits of the nuclear landscape are discussed. Possible peninsulas consisting of bound nuclei beyond the two-neutron drip line are predicted. The systematics of the two-nucleon separation energies, two-nucleon gaps, rms radii, quadrupole deformations, potential energy curves, neutron densities, neutron mean-field potentials, and pairing energies in the DRHBc calculations are also discussed. In addition, the $\alpha$ decay energies extracted are in good agreement with available data., 217 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, data file in the TXT form is available for download under "Ancillary files"

To identify water inrush sources quickly and effectively, six hydrated ions, namely, Na++ K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42−, and HCO3−, were selected as discriminant indices. Considering the unobvious and fuzzy boundaries of water quality between aquifers, Elman neural network (ENN) was chosen as the basis of the discrimination model; in order to overcome the error backpropagation algorithm of ENN, genetic algorithm (GA) was selected to optimize ENN through initialization, fitness evaluation, selection, crossover, and mutation, creating an improved discrimination model called GA-ENN. On the basis of giving consideration to the principle of fairness, GA-ENN was compared with ENN, backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and the BPNN optimized by GA (GA-BPNN). The results shows that GA-ENN outperformed the other three models in convergence speed and output accuracy and GA-ENN can reflect the dynamic changes of the water quality in the aquifer through years of mining. Apart from the hydrogeological conditions of the coalmine, representative and accurate hydration data should be selected to improve the accuracy and validity of source discrimination of mine water inrush.

To elaborate genesis of the Ordovician Ma55 Sub-member dolomites in the Ordos Basin, this study implemented a series of analyses, including petrological investigation and geochemical (constant and trace elements, and isotopes) characterization. Three main types of dolomites were identified, namely micritic dolomite, micritic silty dolomite and silty dolomite. Specifically, the micritic dolomite is featured by dull red luminescence, low degree of order, high Sr isotope value, positive linear MgO–CaO correlation, high contents of Na and Sr elements, low contents of Fe and Mn elements, obvious negative δ13C excursion and slightly positive δ18O value, all of which indicate a syngenetic–penesyngenetic closed, high salinity environment. In comparison, the micritic silty dolomite is characterized by no or extremely dull red luminescence, moderate-to-high degree of order, higher δ13C value, slightly lower 87Sr/86Sr ratio, and sharp decrease in contents of K, Al, Fe and Mn elements, all of which indicate this type of dolomite to be the product of seepage–reflux dolomitization. Moreover, difference in geochemical characteristics between micritic silty dolomites in the depression and those in the platform flat suggests the Mg-rich brine from the tidal flat to be the dolomitization fluid for the platform flat while the Mg-rich brine from the overlying Ma54 Sub-member to be the dolomitization fluid for the depression. Meanwhile, the silty dolomite is observed to have no or extremely dull red luminescence, high degree of order, heavy δ18O value, high Sr isotope, lower Na content, and higher Fe and Mn contents, which are attributed to burial dolomitization in the fresh water environment. The distribution of dolomite was demonstrated to be controlled by sedimentary microfacies, and the dolomite in the West Jingbian dolomitic flat area turns out to have the largest distribution area and thickness as well as the best reservoir capacity. Massive fractures and vugs were formed in the dolomitization process, which were the basis of high-quality reservoir formation, involving generation of a relatively small amount of intercrystalline micropores during the syngenetic–penesyngenetic dolomitization, intercrystalline pores after the penecontemporaneous dolomitization, and intercrystalline and dissolution pores during the burial dolomitization. Moreover, dissolution during hypergene and burial periods contributed to most of the reservoir space, while filling effect during the burial period significantly reduced porosity.

In view of the high false alarm rate of the power grid transmission line warning system and the reliance on the post-analysis of operation and maintenance personnel, a fault identification model of the power grid transmission line based on an improved convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. Firstly, preprocess the current time series data of power grid transmission lines. Secondly, improve the convolutional neural network through dual-channel fusion, multi-layer convolution and pooling, and combine the batch normalization method in the convolutional layer to separately detect short circuit faults in the line feature extraction is performed on the false alarm data, and then classified and identified through the soft-max classifier to construct an intelligent and efficient fault identification model, which effectively reduces the false alarm rate. Finally, the actual data of the State Grid Dispatching Center is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Shale gas mainly exists in organic-rich shale in the form of free gas and adsorbed gas. Shale gas content has a direct impact on the productivity and life of the gas well, and is also an important indicator for areal selection and reservoir evaluation. Through the study of gas content experiments of shale gas, we can better guide the exploration and development of shale gas. According to the isothermal adsorption and desorption experiments of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Jiaoshiba block of the Fuling shale gas field in Sichuan basin, China, 7 core samples from isothermal adsorption experiment and 30 core samples from desorption experiment were analyzed. The experimental results show that the isothermal adsorption experiment is an effective way to obtain Langmuir Volume (VL) and Langmuir Pressure (PL). The total gas content obtained from shale desorption experiment in the drilling site is mainly adsorption gas content, and the free gas content is relatively small. The desorption rate is different in different desorption stages, and the samples with higher total organic carbon (TOC) content have faster desorption rate and higher total desorption gas content. The carbon isotope value of methane gradually increases with the increase of desorption time. The results of methane isotope analysis in the desorption experiment are compared with the results of carbon isotope monitoring in the producing process. The findings reveal that after years of development in Jiaoshiba block of the Fuling shale gas field, the methane isotope in gas wells has basically remained unchanged, and the current gas production should be dominated by free gas.

Ha6 block is located in the north of the Tarim Basin. In this study, the characteristics of the Ordovician crude oil in the Ha6 block were analyzed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-M...

In this paper, the Cambrian crude oil and source-rock geochemistry in the ZS well field of Tazhong area, Tarim Basin, was analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MC). Mo...

The RePu area is located in the Tarim Basin, China. Based on the exploration and development, this paper analyzed the characteristics of the Ordovician crude oil and the source rocks by gas chromat...

Colloidal superlattices are fascinating materials made of ordered nanocrystals, yet they are rarely called “atomically precise”. That is unsurprising, given how challenging it is to quantify the degree of structural order in these materials. However, once that order crosses a certain threshold, the constructive interference of X-rays diffracted by the nanocrystals dominates the diffraction pattern, offering a wealth of structural information. By treating nanocrystals as scattering sources forming a self-probing interferometer, we developed a multilayer diffraction method that enabled the accurate determination of the nanocrystal size, interparticle spacing, and their fluctuations for samples of self-assembled CsPbBr3and PbS nanomaterials. The multilayer diffraction method requires only a laboratory-grade diffractometer and an open-source fitting algorithm for data analysis. The average nanocrystal displacement of 0.33 to 1.43 Å in the studied superlattices provides a figure of merit for their structural perfection and approaches the atomic displacement parameters found in traditional crystals.

The factors controlling the size and morphology of nanoparticles have so far been poorly understood. Data-driven techniques are an exciting avenue to explore this field through the identification of trends and correlations in data. However, for these techniques to be utilized, large datasets annotated with the structural attributes of nanoparticles are required. While experimental SEM/TEM images collected from controlled experiments are reliable sources of this information, large-scale collection of these images across a variety of experimental conditions is expensive and infeasible. Published scientific literature, which provides a vast source of high-quality figures including SEM/TEM images, can provide a large amount of data at a lower cost if effectively mined. In this work, we develop an automated pipeline to retrieve and analyse microscopy images from gold nanoparticle literature and provide a dataset of 4361 SEM/TEM images of gold nanoparticles along with automatically extracted size and morphology information. The dataset can be queried to obtain information about the physical attributes of gold nanoparticles and their statistical distributions.

Antiferromagnets display enormous potential in spintronics owing to its intrinsic nature, including terahertz resonance, multilevel states, and absence of stray fields. Combining with the layered nature, van der Waals (vdW) antiferromagnets hold the promise in providing new insights and new designs in two-dimensional (2D) spintronics. The zero net magnetic moments of vdW antiferromagnets strengthens the spin stability, however, impedes the correlation between spin and other excitation elements, like excitons. Such coupling is urgently anticipated for fundamental magneto-optical studies and potential opto-spintronic devices. Here, we report an ultra-sharp excitonic emission with excellent monochromaticity in antiferromagnetic nickel phosphorus trisulfides (NiPS3) from bulk to atomically thin flakes. We prove that the linear polarization of the excitonic luminescence is perpendicular to the ordered spin orientation in NiPS3. By applying an in-plane magnetic field to alter the spin orientation, we further manipulate the excitonic emission polarization. Such strong correlation between exciton and spins provides new insights for the study of magneto-optics in 2D materials, and hence opens a path for developing opto-spintronic devices and antiferromagnet-based quantum information technologies.

Previous studies on graptolites have mainly focused on stratigraphic division and sedimentary environment analysis. On the basis of previous studies of Ordovician and Silurian graptolites in the Middle–Upper Yangtze region, this paper makes full use of core analysis, drilling geological, experimental analysis, and logging data from wells and combines graptolite types in different sedimentary environments to identify 4 graptolite zones, WF1–WF4, and 9 graptolite zones, LM1–LM9, in the Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Middle–Upper Yangtze region, among which WF2–LM4 present high total organic carbon (TOC), organic pore development, and shale gas enrichment and are favorable development zones. This study reveals that enrichment in graptolites has positive correlations with TOC, organic porosity, and total hydrocarbon content. The evolution of graptolites has contributed to the enrichment in organic matter and the formation of organic pores in shales and affects shale gas–bearing properties to a certain extent, which is an important indicator for shale gas reservoir evaluation.

An intelligent fault detection and classification for abnormal current data of transmission lines is proposed. According to the monthly report and the abnormal condition information stored in the system, four kinds of abnormal state data are chosen. By extracting three fault features of data, combining k-means algorithm and TSNE dimensionality reduction algorithm, fault categories can be clearly and intuitively distinguished, and the purpose of intelligent alarm for abnormal state current is realized.

The origin of the organic-rich shale in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation is complex and controversial. This paper reports the geochemical data of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in the Upper Yangtze region to restore the paleoenvironment and explore the accumulation mechanism of organic matter. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of the Wufeng Formation was relatively high, with an average of 2.86%. The Lower Longmaxi Formation showed the highest TOC content, with an average of 3.99%, and the upper part was a continuously low value with an average of 1.22%. The paleoproductivity proxies (Babio, Cu/Al, Ni/Al, Siexcess) showed that in the Katian and Rhuddanian-Aeronian Stages, the Upper Yangtze Sea had high primary productivity, indicating that organic matter accumulation was more affected by terrigenous influx and redox conditions. Al, Zr, and Zr/Al indicated that terrigenous influx was relatively high in the Kaitian-Hirnantian Stages, it was at a constant low in the Rhuddanian Stage, and increased again in the Aeronian Stage. The correlations between redox-sensitive trace elements (Mo, U, V) and TOC indicate that the organic-rich shale of the Wufeng Formation was deposited in the anoxic&ndash, euxinic environment. In the Longmaxi Formation, organic-rich shales formed in a more hypoxic environment, and overlying organic-lean shales formed in a suboxic environment. Therefore, the anoxic&ndash, euxinic conditions of the Late Ordovician Yangtze Sea were the main reason for the organic matter accumulation, but the high terrigenous influx caused by regression and/or structural controls diluted the organic matter to some extent. For the Early Silurian, a complete transgression&ndash, regression cycle changed terrigenous influx and redox conditions, resulting in significant differences in organic matter accumulation.

In order to effectively evaluate shale gas reservoirs with low porosity, extra-low permeability, and no natural productivity, dipole array acoustic logging, which can provide various types of information including P-wave slowness (DTC) and S-wave slowness (DTS), is widely used. As the dipole array acoustic logging tool has a larger investigation depth and is suitable for complex borehole environments, such as those with a high wellbore temperature, high drilling fluid column pressure, or irregular borehole wall, it has been mainly applied to the evaluation of lithology, gas potential, fractures, and stimulation potential in shale gas reservoirs. The findings from a case study of the Sichuan Basin in China reveal that the acoustic slowness, S-P wave slowness ratio (RMSC), and S-wave anisotropy of the dipole array acoustic logging can be used to qualitatively identify reservoir lithology, gas potential, and fractures. Using the relationship between DTC and the total porosity of shale gas reservoirs, and combined with the compensated neutron (CNL) and shale content (Vsh) of the reservoir, a mathematical model for accurately calculating the total porosity of the shale gas reservoir can be established. By using the relationship between the RMSC and gas saturation in shale gas reservoirs and tied with density log (DEN), a mathematical model of gas saturation can be established, and the determination of gas saturation by the non-resistivity method can be achieved, delivering a solution to the issue that the electric model is not applicable under low resistivity conditions. The DTS, DTC, and DEN of shale can be used to calculate rock mechanic parameters such as the Poisson’s ratio (POIS) and Young’s modulus (YMOD), which can be used to evaluate the shale stimulation potential.

Control and manipulation of single charges and their internal degrees of freedom, such as spins, is a fundamental goal of nanoscience with promising technological applications. Recently, atomically thin semiconductors such as WSe$_2$ have emerged as a platform for valleytronics, offering rich possibilities for optical, magnetic and electrical control of the valley index. While progress has been made in controlling valley index of ensemble of charge carriers, valley control of individual charges, crucial for valleytronics, remains unexplored. Here, we provide unambiguous evidence for localized holes with net spin in optically active WSe$_2$ quantum dots (QDs) and control their spin-valley state with the helicity of the excitation laser under small magnetic field. We estimate a lower bound on the valley lifetime of a single charge in QD from recombination time to be $\sim$ nanoseconds. Remarkably, neutral QDs do not exhibit such a control, demonstrating the role of excess charge in prolonging the valley lifetime. Our work extends the field of 2D valleytronics to the level of single spin-valley, relevant for quantum information and sensing applications

The advanced oxidation technology dominated the disposal of reverse osmosis concentrate in textile and dyeing industry due to its extremely low biodegradability. For resource conservation and sustainable development, the reverse osmosis concentrate was reused in dyeing procedure after being treated properly with combining method of persulfate oxidation and lime-soda softening. Firstly, the refractory organics was oxidized by persulfate thermal activation and the results indicated that the most efficient and economical reaction happened with initial pH = 5.0, 1000 mg/L initial persulfate concentration and 75 °C. In this process, chemical oxygen demand degradation fitted the pseudo-first-order model well and the sodium sulfate concentration increased from 9600 to about 10,350 mg/L. Then, the hardness of reverse osmosis concentrate including Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ hardness was softened efficiently by lime-soda softening technology and appropriate lime and soda concentration was determined to be 150 mg/L and 800 mg/L, respectively. Finally, the effluent was employed as the dyeing water to test the reuse feasibility in dyeing of reactive dyes. Color strength, color difference and color fastness were all used to evaluate the dyeing performance and dyeing results showed that the effluent which was treated properly (COD ≤ 21.5 mg/L, total hardness ≤17.0 mg/L) was available for reuse in reactive dyes dyeing procedure. The study provided a novel method to treat and reuse reverse osmosis concentrate and more importantly, it promoted sodium sulfate concentration and saved its supplementation and dyeing cost in dyeing procedure.

A large volume of water is required in shale gas development, especially for large-scale hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells. This study focuses on 334 shale gas wells in the largest production field Fuling in China. Models are formulated to estimate the water use at each stage of the development process, including pre-drilling preparation, drilling and cementing, fracturing, gas testing, production testing. Domestic water used by employee community of shale gas companies are also fully considered. The results show that the average fracturing water use per well was 34,756.0 m3 in Fuling, which accounted for 98% of the total water use. By the end of 2017, the total fracturing water used in Fuling was 1.09 × 107 m3, and a total of 2.28 × 106 m3 of flowback fluid was achieved with 2.16 × 106 m3 of water reused. In addtion, the domestic water used by the employee community was found to be 2.19 × 106 m3, which was equivalent to the water saved from the flowback fluid. China’s special “development campaign” mode for shale gas extraction is the reason. The results improve the understanding of water use in China’s shale gas development and also provide important implications for water management.

Herein, fabrication of polyurethane glucose sensor membranes doped with next generation biocompatible macromolecular nitric oxide-releasing scaffolds (hyperbranched polyesters, hyperbranched polyurethanes, alginate) was reported. Nitric oxide-releasing S-nitrosothiol-modified hyperbranched polyesters-doped membranes achieved extended nitric oxide-release (> 48 h) and promising in vitro sensor performance (sensitivity 20.9 nA/mM, linear dynamic range 0 – 15 mM). Nitric oxide-releasing N-diazeniumdiolate-modified hyperbranched polyurethanes-doped membranes showed desirable smooth membrane morphology, but had relatively limited nitric oxide-releasing duration (up to 18 h) and half-life (~ 0.4 h). Nitric oxide-releasing N-diazeniumdiolate-modified alginate-doped membranes showed significantly longer nitric oxide-releasing half-life (~ 1.2 h) with hyperbranched polyurethanes, but their nitric oxide-releasing duration (< 20 h) was still limited. Challenges for future studies on this subject lie in extending the nitric oxide-releasing lifetimes of the membranes and obtaining more control over the nitric oxide-release kinetics.

The anthers of three F1 hybrids of hexaploid triticale and common wheat ('Rosner' X 'Kedong 58', 'Beagle' X 'Kedong 58' and 'Beagle' X 'Jinghua No. 1') were cultured on four media in vitro. More than 900 green plants were obtained. The chromosome numbers ranged from 17 to 27 for haploid derivatives and from 38 to 52 for diploid regenerates. The chromosome constitutions of the pollen plants reflect those of the gametes found in the donor plants (genome formula: AABBDR). The value of such pollen plants for genetical analysis of rye wheat addition and substitution lines, as well as for breeding purposes, is discussed.

Potato II medium was tested against B 5 medium for their ability to induce pollen callus in anther culture of a hexaploid triticale Beagle and two F 1 hybrids between Beagle and wheat. Anthers of all three tested genotypes produced much more calli and two of them produced much more green plants on Potato II medium than those on B 5 medium. The highest yields, i.e. 48.9 calli and 11.5 green plants from 100 cultured anthers, were achieved in F 1 of Beagle × Kedong No. 58.