Search

Protocol for a scoping review that will systematically map currently available research and other information about the relationship of rapid urbanization and population aging with the prevalence of mental disorders and distribution of mental health services in China.

Abstract Nowadays, fracturing technology (FT) is a key stimulation technology to develop tight sandstone reservoirs. It is of great significance to quantitatively evaluate the damage caused by the fracturing fluid to various pore sizes under different operating conditions. In this paper, NMR technology is used to quantitatively evaluate the damage caused by the fracturing fluid to various pores and throats with different sizes under various operating conditions in order to investigate the effect of mass fraction, fracturing fluid type, pore size and clay content on the formation damage. It is obtained that the degree of formation damage caused by guar gum fracturing fluid (25.09 %~44.75 %) was significantly greater than that associated with slippery water fracturing fluid (11.74 % ~ 26.82 %). The damage scale of the guar gum fracturing fluid was 0.10~1664.18 ms, and that of the slippery water was 0.41~496.59 ms. Guanidine fracturing fluid mainly damaged the macropores (>10 ms) while the slippery water fracturing fluid mainly damaged the mesopores (1.00~10.00 ms). To reduce the formation damage, the best mass fraction for the guar gum and slippery water fracturing fluids were obtained at 0.2 and 0.5 %, respectively. The degree of formation damage had a positive correlation with the clay content and mass fraction. The more clay content and mass fraction, the greater the extent of formation damage associated with the fracturing fluid. Introduction The unconventional oil and gas resources associated with the tight sandstone reservoirs have attracted much attention recently and as such, methods to develop these unconventional resources have been the topic of academic and industry research (Rebekah et al., 2021; Yu et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2019; Zachary et al., 2015; McGlade et al., 2012;). These unconventional oil and gas resources could become a stable source of energy provided that sustainable technological advances in field development will be introduced. There are some inherent complexities associated with developing these unconventional plays such as strong heterogeneity, poor percolation capacity, and complex pore structure, all of which lead to low single well productivity and great field development difficulty (Pang et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2019; Li et al., 2018; Li et al., 2016; Zou et al., 2012). In view of such difficulties, hydraulic fracturing is a key technology for developing tight unconventional plays in which fracturing fluid is injected into the reservoir under constant applied pressure.

Additional file 8: Fig. S8. The radiomics features extracted in this study using ���slicer radiomics���.

Additional file 4: Fig. S4. Calibration plot of validation cohort.

Additional file 10: Fig. S10. The illustration of ROI segmentation on H.E slice.

Additional file 3: Fig. S3. The prognostic value of radiomics score in the external validation cohort and the results of unsupervised clustering. A) The Kaplan���Meier analysis showed that higher radiomics score was associated with worse DFS in external validation cohort.

Additional file 6: Fig. S6. Heatmap and volcano plot of DEGs between high- and low-score groups. A-B) DEGs of miRNA. C-D) DEGs of lncRNA. E) heatmap of DEGs of mRNA. F) function annotation of downregulated DEGs.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The workflow of radiomics score calculation and clinical application. Tumor MRI scans were segmented manually. Radiomics features were then extracted and filtered according to ICC. LASSO was applied to the selected features.

Additional file 7: Fig. S7. Immunophenscore of high- and low-score group. No significant difference found between groups. A) Immunophenscore (EC) of high- and low-score group. B) Immunophenscore (CP) of high- and low-score group. C) Immunophenscore (SC) of high- and low-score group.

Additional file 2: Fig. S2. The process of the calculation of radiomics score. A, B) Univariate analysis of all radiomics features. Only features with p 0.75 were selected. C, D) LASSO was applied to select features. A radiomics score was generated by linear combination of selected features. E) A time-dependent ROC was plotted. The best cut value was set according to the Youden index.

Additional file 9: Fig. S9. The computational histopathological features in this study.

In order to ensure the security of power system, the measurement method of traverse crossing distance is designed based on the principle of moving edge calculation. Taking ±800kV UHV DC transmission line as the research object, the interference value in the process of traverse cross measurement is collected by particle flow density algorithm, and the performance data of traverse is standardized and recorded according to the collection results. The sag value of traverse cross span distance is obtained by moving edge calculation method, and the traverse cross span distance is realized according to the sag value Accurate measurement. Finally, the experiment shows that the research method has higher accuracy in the practical application process, and can improve the security and stability of power system operation.

Radiotherapy has been an important component of cancer treatment. In the malignancy with long survival, radiation-induced cardiovascular toxicity significantly jeopardize patients' outcome. Despite that its pathophysiological mechanism is not clear yet, many studies have confirmed the positive correlation between cardiovascular involvement dose, irradiated volume and radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, reducing cardiovascular involvement dose as well as irradiated volume is the key to cardiac sparing techniques in radiotherapy. Cardiac sparing techniques includes: (1) methods that reduce radiation fields and dose; (2) methods that increase the distance between heart and irradiated fields; (3) new techniques such as intensity modulated radiotherapy and proton therapy. Although researches in dosimetry have showed that cardiac sparing techniques could lower cardiovascular involvement dose and irradiated volume, further validation is needed for curative effect.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) has been suggested to be present in various malignant tumors and associated with tumor nutrition supply and metastasis, leading to poor prognosis of patients. Notch1 has been demonstrated to contribute to VM formation in hepathocellular carcinoma (HCC). Celastrus orbiculatus extract (COE), a mixture of 11 terpenoids isolated from the Chinese Herb Celastrus orbiculatus Vine, has been suggested to be effective in cancer treatment. Aim of the study In the current study, experiments were carried out to examine the effect of COE on VM formation and HCC tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo . Materials and methods CCK-8 assay and Nikon live-work station were used to observe the viability of malignant cells treated with COE. Cell invasion was examined using Transwell. Matrigel was used to establish a 3-D culture condition for VM formation. Changes of mRNA and protein expression were examined by RT-PCR and Western Blot respectively. Tumor growth in vivo was monitored using in vivo fluorescence imaging device. PAS-CD34 dual staining and electron microscopy were used to observe VM formation. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was used to examine Notch1 and Hes1 expression in tumor tissues. Results Results showed that COE can inhibit HCC cells proliferation and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. VM formation induced by TGF-β1 was blocked by COE. In mouse xenograft model, COE inhibited tumor growth and VM formation. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that COE can downregulate expression of Notch1 and Hes1. Conclusion The current results indicate that COE can inhibit VM formation and HCC tumor growth by downregulating Notch1 signaling. This study demonstrates that COE is superior to other anti-angiogenesis agents and can be considered as a promising candidate in HCC treatment.

This paper presents the analysis of all references made by articles published at the four major Brazilian tourism journals. A total of 28,767 references in the 1,254 articles published since the first volume of each journal until the end of 2014. References were analyzed with respect to their type (journal, book, thesis, conference paper and others), place of publishing (Brazil or other countries) and authorship. For the references of scientific articles, the names of these specific vehicles were identified. The results indicate the most cited authors, books, articles and journals. Impact factors of journals and the h-index of Hirsch (2005) of authors were also estimated. Moreover, techniques of social network analysis were applied to the representation of the relationships between authors and journals, besides estimating complex centrality indexes for these agents. The results also indicate some tendencies of change in the actual scenario arising from the strengthening of new authors and journals. Resumén En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de todas las referencias de los artículos publicados en los cuatro principales periódicos de turismo de Brasil. Se identificaron 28.767 referencias de 1.254 artículos publicados desde el primer volumen de cada periódico hasta el final de 2014. Las referencias fueron analizadas con respecto al tipo de material (periódico, libro, tesis, trabajando en congresos y otros), lugar de publicación (Brasil o exterior) y la autoría. En el caso de referencias a artículos científicos, se identificaron los nombres de las publicaciones específicas. Los resultados apuntan a los autores, libros, artículos y periódicos más citados. También se estimaron los factores de impacto de las revistas y el índice h de Hirsch (2005) de los autores. Se utilizaron técnicas de análisis de redes sociales para representar la relación entre los autores y entre los periódicos, además de estimar índices complejos de la centralidad de estos agentes. Los resultados también indican cambios en las tendencias de la situación actual resultantes de la consolidación de nuevos autores y las revistas. Resumo O artigo apresenta a análise de todas as referências feitas pelos artigos publicados nas quatro principais revistas de turismo do Brasil. Foram identificadas 28.767 referências nos 1.254 artigos publicados desde o primeiro volume de cada revista até o fim de 2014. As referências foram analisadas quanto ao tipo de material (periódico, livro, tese, trabalho em evento e outros), local de publicação (Brasil ou exterior) e autoria. Nos casos de referências feitas a artigos científicos, foram identificados os nomes dessas publicações específicas. Os resultados apontam os autores, livros, artigos e periódicos mais citados. Foram também estimados os fatores de impacto dos periódicos e os índices h de Hirsch (2005) dos autores. Além disso, foram utilizadas técnicas de análise de redes sociais para representar as relações existentes entre os autores e entre os periódicos, além de estimar índices complexos de centralidade desses agentes. Os resultados apontam tendências de mudança do cenário atual decorrentes do fortalecimento de novos autores e periódicos.

This paper presents the analysis of all references made by articles published at the four major Brazilian tourism journals. A total of 28,767 references in the 1,254 articles published since the first volume of each journal until the end of 2014. References were analyzed with respect to their type (journal, book, thesis, conference paper and others), place of publishing (Brazil or other countries) and authorship. For the references of scientific articles, the names of these specific vehicles were identified. The results indicate the most cited authors, books, articles and journals. Impact factors of journals and the h-index of Hirsch (2005) of authors were also estimated. Moreover, techniques of social network analysis were applied to the representation of the relationships between authors and journals, besides estimating complex centrality indexes for these agents. The results also indicate some tendencies of change in the actual scenario arising from the strengthening of new authors and journals.

Background: Hepatitis A was ranked first among all of the different types of viral hepatitis in China, which occurred an average of 500,000 cases annually during the 1980s. A live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine was applied in preventing of the disease in 1992, large scale used in vaccination program in 1995, and incorporated in the Expanded Program of Immunization in 2008 in China. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether, and to what extent, the decline in the incidence of hepatitis A in China was the result of hepatitis A (HA) vaccination. Materials and Methods: Official documents and longitudinal serological follow-up studies were reviewed to compare the incidence of HA before and after the introduction of the vaccine. Results: National trends in the incidence of HA in China saw rates decrease by 92.7% in 2009, compared to the levels seen in 1992. A mass vaccination program was carried out in 3-18 year old children (Wuhan City, China), and its protective efficacy was 85.4%. In a mass vaccination program of an entire population (Shenshi County, China), the annual HA incidence decreased from 359.7/100,000 to 17.7/100,000 (almost 20.3 times). There was a significant relationship found between vaccine coverage and the incidence of HA, the correlation of the negative regression was significant at the 1% (Kendall rank correlation, significant level P < 0.05). Conclusions: In summary, this study highlights the important role of implementing a vaccination program in decreasing the incidence of HA, and the large protective efficacy of such a strategy, as demonstrated in China