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1. Correcting for selection bias in HIV prevalence estimates: an application of sample selection models using data from population-based HIV surveys in seven sub-Saharan African countries

Author

Palma, Anton M, Marra, Giampiero, Bray, Rachel, Saito, Suzue, Awor, Anna Colletar, Jalloh, Mohamed F, Kailembo, Alexander, Kirungi, Wilford, Mgomella, George S, Njau, Prosper, Voetsch, Andrew C, Ward, Jennifer A, Bärnighausen, Till, Harling, Guy, Palma, Anton M [0000-0003-1009-4701], Harling, Guy [0000-0001-6604-491X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, selection models, population surveys, non-participation, HIV Infections, Middle Aged, RESEARCH ARTICLES, RESEARCH ARTICLE, non‐participation, HIV prevalence, missing data, Young Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, surveillance, Prevalence, Humans, Africa South of the Sahara, Selection Bias
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Population-based biomarker surveys are the gold standard for estimating HIV prevalence but are susceptible to substantial non-participation (up to 30%). Analytical missing data methods, including inverse-probability weighting (IPW) and multiple imputation (MI), are biased when data are missing-not-at-random, for example when people living with HIV more frequently decline participation. Heckman-type selection models can, under certain assumptions, recover unbiased prevalence estimates in such scenarios. METHODS: We pooled data from 142,706 participants aged 15-49 years from nationally representative cross-sectional Population-based HIV Impact Assessments in seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa, conducted between 2015 and 2018 in Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Lesotho and Eswatini. We compared sex-stratified HIV prevalence estimates from unadjusted, IPW, MI and selection models, controlling for household and individual-level predictors of non-participation, and assessed the sensitivity of selection models to the copula function specifying the correlation between study participation and HIV status. RESULTS: In total, 84.1% of participants provided a blood sample to determine HIV serostatus (range: 76% in Malawi to 95% in Uganda). HIV prevalence estimates from selection models diverged from IPW and MI models by up to 5% in Lesotho, without substantial precision loss. In Tanzania, the IPW model yielded lower HIV prevalence estimates among males than the best-fitting copula selection model (3.8% vs. 7.9%). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate how HIV prevalence estimates from selection models can differ from those obtained under missing-at-random assumptions. Further benefits include exploration of plausible relationships between participation and outcome. While selection models require additional assumptions and careful specification, they are an important tool for triangulating prevalence estimates in surveys with substantial missing data due to non-participation.

Published
2022
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2. Additional file 1 of Trends of notification rates and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis cases with and without HIV co-infection in eight rural districts of Uganda (2015 – 2019)

Author

Baluku, Joseph Baruch, Nanyonjo, Resty, Ayo, Jolly, Obwalatum, Jehu Eleazer, Nakaweesi, Jane, Senyimba, Catherine, Lukoye, Deus, Lubwama, Joseph, Ward, Jennifer, and Mukasa, Barbara

Abstract

Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Trends of TB treatment outcomes among men and women in rural Ugandadisaggregated by HIV status (2015 - 2019). Supplementary table 1. Population estimates for people with and without HIVin eight districts of rural Uganda.

Published
2022
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3. Exploring academic motherhood in mathematics education

Author

Vomvoridi-Ivanovic, Eugenia, Ward, Jennifer, and Ingen Lauer, Sarah

Abstract

In this project presentation we describe an ongoing inquiry into the lived experiences of Academic Mothers in Mathematics Education (AM-ME) and the unique insights AM-ME gain while parenting, educating, and doing mathematics with their school-aged children. We focus on the rationale and significance for this inquiry and provide an overview of our project. During our session we will also discuss findings from a collaborative self-study, currently underway, that is part of our larger project on academic motherhood in mathematics education.

Published
2021
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4. A Randomised Controlled Trial on the Effect of Simethicone Bowel Preparation on Rectal Variability During Image Guided Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer (SPoRT Study)

Author

Ward, Jennifer

Subjects
Genital / Reproductive system male, Image guided radiotherapy, Image verification, Toxicity, Radiation effects, Anatomy, Radiation therapy / Oncology, Cone beam CT, Pelvis, CT
Abstract

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Purpose: To assess whether simethicone reduces the rectal volume (RV) and volume of gas in the rectum (GV) in men undergoing prostate cancer radiation therapy, in order to increase treatment accuracy and decrease toxicity by minimising inter-fraction target...

Published
2021
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5. Transformative learning through university and prison partnerships: reflections from ‘Learning Together’ pedagogical practice

Author

Gray, Natalie, Ward, Jennifer, and Fogarty, Jenny

Abstract

This paper critically discusses two London-based ‘Learning Together’ prison university partnerships - Middlesex University with Her Majesty’s Prison (HMP) Wandsworth and London South Bank University (LSBU) with HMP Pentonville. The paper documents how students experienced the shared classroom learning approach designed on principles of ‘transformative pedagogy’, and how students interpret their personal development and the knowledge and skills gained as a result. We share the steps taken to bring the Learning Together pedagogical philosophy to life and use evidence from module evaluation findings and critical reflections to demonstrate the transformations that happen. We interpret our findings through the lens of a ‘transformative ripple’ model. In addition to exploring personal transformation, the wider transformations that occur within the public institutions at the centre of these collaborations - the prisons and the universities - are discussed. We argue that for prison and university partnerships to be truly effective, they must embed transformative pedagogic practices at their heart, ensuring the ‘how’ we teach is as important, and deliberately considered, as the ‘what’ we teach.

Published
2019

7. Tool development to study ubiquitination machinery

Author

Ward, Jennifer, Tate, Ed, Lam, Eric, Fuchter, Matthew, AstraZeneca, and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

Abstract

Ubiquitination is a diverse post-translational modification, involved in a plethora of eukaryotic processes. At least three different enzymes are required for ubiquitination to occur: an ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) and an ubiquitin ligase (E3). Conversely, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) regulate the removal of ubiquitin modifications. Together, this enzymatic machinery facilitates a wide array of ubiquitin modifications and further ubiquitin-like modifications. Such modifications play a significant role in the regulation of vital biological processes including proteasomal degradation, DNA damage response (DDR) and NF-κB signalling. Ubiquitination machinery can be studied using a chemical proteomics approach. Activity-based probes (ABPs) which covalently trap enzymes can be employed. Such probes possess bioorthogonal handles, which on ligation to complementary reporter groups enable enrichment of probe-enzyme complexes prior to LC-MS/MS, western blot, or fluorescent analysis. The design, synthesis, and development of six inhibitor-inspired ABPs for ubiquitin machinery is described. Both small molecule and peptide probes were explored, and assessed for their ability to act as ubiquitin machinery probes both in intact cells and cell lysate. Spike-in SILAC methodology was employed to quantify probe targets under competitive conditions against parent inhibitors, and in a DNA damage response model. An alternative to using literature inhibitors is to derive novel starting points for tool design through a fragment-based drug discovery approach. A high throughput screen against the minimal catalytic core of HOIP, an E3 ligase, is described together with subsequent validation and characterisation of hit fragments by waterLOGSY NMR and Micro-scale thermophoresis, and crystallography attempts. Finally, a model system for the structural analysis of transient enzyme complexes is explored, to further our understanding of these interactions and ultimately to assess the applicability of these complexes for future drug discovery. The design and synthesis of a maleimide trap is described, along with its application to covalently trap an Ub-E2-E3 complex. Open Access

Published
2016

9. Northampton Youth Offending Service review panel evaluation

Author

Ward, Jennifer and Warkel, Kathryn

Abstract

This report is the result of a brief pilot evaluation of the ‘Youth Order Review’ panels set up by the Northampton Youth Offending Service (NYOS) in conjunction with youth court magistrates. The evaluation took place over a nine month period between November 2014 and July 2015. The panels were set up to trial a model of service delivery designed to give a motivational push to a young person serving time on a Youth Rehabilitation Order (YRO). Specifically identified young people are drawn in and communicated with in an informal and supportive way in the hope of achieving improved outcomes and successful completion of their Orders. This is alongside addressing the wider social and lifestyle factors that might be impacting upon their engagement. An additional goal of the panels was to test the approach of involving youth court magistrates in a young person’s rehabilitation and correction pathway. This draws on the principle of ‘sentencer supervision’ as applied in the problem-solving court model. From this brief evaluation the Youth Order Review panels are appraised as a positive intervention that could be more widely implemented across youth justice services.

Published
2015

10. Evidence for indigenous nitrogen in sedimentary and aeolian deposits from the Curiosity rover investigations at Gale crater, Mars

Author

Stern, Jennifer C., Sutter, Brad, Freissinet, Caroline, Navarro-González, Rafael, McKay, Christopher P., Archer, P. Douglas, Buch, Arnaud, Brunner, Anna E., Coll, Patrice, Eigenbrode, Jennifer L., Fairen, Alberto G., Franz, Heather B., Glavin, Daniel P., Kashyap, Srishti, McAdam, Amy C., Ming, Douglas W., Steele, Andrew, Szopa, Cyril, Wray, James J., Martín-Torres, F. Javier, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Conrad, Pamela G., Mahaffy, Paul R., Kemppinen, Osku, Bridges, Nathan, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Minitti, Michelle, Cremers, David, Bell, James F., Edgar, Lauren, Farmer, Jack, Godber, Austin, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Wellington, Danika, McEwan, Ian, Newman, Claire, Richardson, Mark, Charpentier, Antoine, Peret, Laurent, King, Penelope, Blank, Jennifer, Weigle, Gerald, Schmidt, Mariek, Li, Shuai, Milliken, Ralph, Robertson, Kevin, Sun, Vivian, Baker, Michael, Edwards, Christopher, Ehlmann, Bethany, Farley, Kenneth, Griffes, Jennifer, Grotzinger, John, Miller, Hayden, Newcombe, Megan, Pilorget, Cedric, Rice, Melissa, Siebach, Kirsten, Stack, Katie, Stolper, Edward, Brunet, Claude, Hipkin, Victoria, Léveillé, Richard, Marchand, Geneviève, Sánchez, Pablo Sobrón, Favot, Laurent, Cody, George, Flückiger, Lorenzo, Lees, David, Nefian, Ara, Martin, Mildred, Gailhanou, Marc, Westall, Frances, Israël, Guy, Agard, Christophe, Baroukh, Julien, Donny, Christophe, Gaboriaud, Alain, Guillemot, Philippe, Lafaille, Vivian, Lorigny, Eric, Paillet, Alexis, Pérez, René, Saccoccio, Muriel, Yana, Charles, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, Rodríguez, Javier Caride, Blázquez, Isaías Carrasco, Gómez, Felipe Gómez, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Hettrich, Sebastian, Malvitte, Alain Lepinette, Jiménez, Mercedes Marín, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Martín-Soler, Javier, Torres, F. Javier Martín, Jurado, Antonio Molina, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Caro, Guillermo Muñoz, López, Sara Navarro, Peinado-González, Verónica, Pla-García, Jorge, Manfredi, José Antonio Rodriguez, Romeral-Planelló, Julio José, Fuentes, Sara Alejandra Sans, Martinez, Eduardo Sebastian, Redondo, Josefina Torres, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, Chipera, Steve, Lacour, Jean-Luc, Mauchien, Patrick, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, Manning, Heidi, Fairén, Alberto, Hayes, Alexander, Joseph, Jonathan, Squyres, Steven, Sullivan, Robert, Thomas, Peter, Dupont, Audrey, Lundberg, Angela, Melikechi, Noureddine, Mezzacappa, Alissa, DeMarines, Julia, Grinspoon, David, Reitz, Günther, Prats, Benito, Atlaskin, Evgeny, Genzer, Maria, Harri, Ari-Matti, Haukka, Harri, Kahanpää, Henrik, Kauhanen, Janne, Paton, Mark, Polkko, Jouni, Schmidt, Walter, Siili, Tero, Fabre, Cécile, Wray, James, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, Poitrasson, Franck, Patel, Kiran, Gorevan, Stephen, Indyk, Stephen, Paulsen, Gale, Gupta, Sanjeev, Bish, David, Schieber, Juergen, Gondet, Brigitte, Langevin, Yves, Geffroy, Claude, Baratoux, David, Berger, Gilles, Cros, Alain, d’Uston, Claude, Forni, Olivier, Gasnault, Olivier, Lasue, Jérémie, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Maurice, Sylvestre, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Pallier, Etienne, Parot, Yann, Pinet, Patrick, Schröder, Susanne, Toplis, Mike, Lewin, Éric, Brunner, Will, Heydari, Ezat, Achilles, Cherie, Oehler, Dorothy, Cabane, Michel, Coscia, David, Dromart, Gilles, Robert, François, Sautter, Violaine, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Mangold, Nicolas, Nachon, Marion, Stalport, Fabien, François, Pascaline, Raulin, François, Teinturier, Samuel, Cameron, James, Clegg, Sam, Cousin, Agnès, DeLapp, Dorothea, Dingler, Robert, Jackson, Ryan Steele, Johnstone, Stephen, Lanza, Nina, Little, Cynthia, Nelson, Tony, Wiens, Roger C., Williams, Richard B., Jones, Andrea, Kirkland, Laurel, Treiman, Allan, Baker, Burt, Cantor, Bruce, Caplinger, Michael, Davis, Scott, Duston, Brian, Edgett, Kenneth, Fay, Donald, Hardgrove, Craig, Harker, David, Herrera, Paul, Jensen, Elsa, Kennedy, Megan R., Krezoski, Gillian, Krysak, Daniel, Lipkaman, Leslie, Malin, Michael, McCartney, Elaina, McNair, Sean, Nixon, Brian, Posiolova, Liliya, Ravine, Michael, Salamon, Andrew, Saper, Lee, Stoiber, Kevin, Supulver, Kimberley, Van Beek, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, Zimdar, Robert, French, Katherine Louise, Iagnemma, Karl, Miller, Kristen, Summons, Roger, Goesmann, Fred, Goetz, Walter, Hviid, Stubbe, Johnson, Micah, Lefavor, Matthew, Lyness, Eric, Breves, Elly, Dyar, M. Darby, Fassett, Caleb, Blake, David F., Bristow, Thomas, DesMarais, David, Edwards, Laurence, Haberle, Robert, Hoehler, Tori, Hollingsworth, Jeff, Kahre, Melinda, Keely, Leslie, McKay, Christopher, Bleacher, Lora, Brinckerhoff, William, Choi, David, Conrad, Pamela, Dworkin, Jason P., Eigenbrode, Jennifer, Floyd, Melissa, Garvin, James, Glavin, Daniel, Harpold, Daniel, Mahaffy, Paul, Martin, David K., McAdam, Amy, Pavlov, Alexander, Raaen, Eric, Smith, Michael D., Stern, Jennifer, Tan, Florence, Trainer, Melissa, Meyer, Michael, Posner, Arik, Voytek, Mary, Anderson, Robert C, Aubrey, Andrew, Beegle, Luther W., Behar, Alberto, Blaney, Diana, Brinza, David, Calef, Fred, Christensen, Lance, Crisp, Joy A., DeFlores, Lauren, Feldman, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Flesch, Gregory, Hurowitz, Joel, Jun, Insoo, Keymeulen, Didier, Maki, Justin, Mischna, Michael, Morookian, John Michael, Parker, Timothy, Pavri, Betina, Schoppers, Marcel, Sengstacken, Aaron, Simmonds, John J., Spanovich, Nicole, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, Vasavada, Ashwin R., Webster, Christopher R., Yen, Albert, Archer, Paul Douglas, Cucinotta, Francis, Jones, John H., Ming, Douglas, Morris, Richard V., Niles, Paul, Rampe, Elizabeth, Nolan, Thomas, Fisk, Martin, Radziemski, Leon, Barraclough, Bruce, Bender, Steve, Berman, Daniel, Dobrea, Eldar Noe, Tokar, Robert, Vaniman, David, Williams, Rebecca M. E., Yingst, Aileen, Lewis, Kevin, Leshin, Laurie, Cleghorn, Timothy, Huntress, Wesley, Manhès, Gérard, Hudgins, Judy, Olson, Timothy, Stewart, Noel, Sarrazin, Philippe, Grant, John, Vicenzi, Edward, Wilson, Sharon A., Bullock, Mark, Ehresmann, Bent, Hamilton, Victoria, Hassler, Donald, Peterson, Joseph, Rafkin, Scot, Zeitlin, Cary, Fedosov, Fedor, Golovin, Dmitry, Karpushkina, Natalya, Kozyrev, Alexander, Litvak, Maxim, Malakhov, Alexey, Mitrofanov, Igor, Mokrousov, Maxim, Nikiforov, Sergey, Prokhorov, Vasily, Sanin, Anton, Tretyakov, Vladislav, Varenikov, Alexey, Vostrukhin, Andrey, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Clark, Benton, Wolff, Michael, McLennan, Scott, Botta, Oliver, Drake, Darrell, Bean, Keri, Lemmon, Mark, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Anderson, Ryan B., Herkenhoff, Kenneth, Lee, Ella Mae, Sucharski, Robert, Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, Ávalos, Juan José Blanco, Ramos, Miguel, Kim, Myung-Hee, Malespin, Charles, Plante, Ianik, Muller, Jan-Peter, Ewing, Ryan, Boynton, William, Downs, Robert, Fitzgibbon, Mike, Harshman, Karl, Morrison, Shaunna, Dietrich, William, Kortmann, Onno, Palucis, Marisa, Sumner, Dawn Y., Williams, Amy, Lugmair, Günter, Wilson, Michael A., Rubin, David, Jakosky, Bruce, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, Frydenvang, Jens, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Kinch, Kjartan, Koefoed, Asmus, Madsen, Morten Bo, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, Boyd, Nick, Campbell, John L., Gellert, Ralf, Perrett, Glynis, Pradler, Irina, VanBommel, Scott, Jacob, Samantha, Owen, Tobias, Rowland, Scott, Savijärvi, Hannu, Boehm, Eckart, Böttcher, Stephan, Burmeister, Sönke, Guo, Jingnan, Köhler, Jan, García, César Martín, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, Bridges, John C., McConnochie, Timothy, Benna, Mehdi, Franz, Heather, Bower, Hannah, Brunner, Anna, Blau, Hannah, Boucher, Thomas, Carmosino, Marco, Atreya, Sushil, Elliott, Harvey, Halleaux, Douglas, Rennó, Nilton, Wong, Michael, Pepin, Robert, Elliott, Beverley, Spray, John, Thompson, Lucy, Gordon, Suzanne, Newsom, Horton, Ollila, Ann, Williams, Joshua, Vasconcelos, Paulo, Bentz, Jennifer, Nealson, Kenneth, Popa, Radu, Kah, Linda C., Moersch, Jeffrey, Tate, Christopher, Day, Mackenzie, Kocurek, Gary, Hallet, Bernard, Sletten, Ronald, Francis, Raymond, McCullough, Emily, Cloutis, Ed, ten Kate, Inge Loes, Arvidson, Raymond, Fraeman, Abigail, Scholes, Daniel, Slavney, Susan, Stein, Thomas, Ward, Jennifer, Berger, Jeffrey, Moores, John E., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios [Mexico], Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Astronomy [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), Centre de Recherche Public Henri Tudor [Technoport] (CRP Henri Tudor), Centre de Recherche Public Henri-Tudor [Luxembourg] (CRP Henri-Tudor), Department of Microbiology [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA-NASA, Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada (UGR), Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering [Luleå], Luleå University of Technology (LUT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Department of Microbiology, IMPEC - LATMOS, Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR)

Subjects
Martian, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water on Mars, nitrates, astrobiology, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, Astrobiology, Curiosity, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, 0103 physical sciences, Sample Analysis at Mars, Physical Sciences, Aeolian processes, Composition of Mars, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Nitrogen cycle, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has detected oxidized nitrogen-bearing compounds during pyrolysis of scooped aeolian sediments and drilled sedimentary deposits within Gale crater. Total N concentrations ranged from 20 to 250 nmol N per sample. After subtraction of known N sources in SAM, our results support the equivalent of 110–300 ppm of nitrate in the Rocknest (RN) aeolian samples, and 70–260 and 330–1,100 ppm nitrate in John Klein (JK) and Cumberland (CB) mudstone deposits, respectively. Discovery of indigenous martian nitrogen in Mars surface materials has important implications for habitability and, specifically, for the potential evolution of a nitrogen cycle at some point in martian history. The detection of nitrate in both wind-drifted fines (RN) and in mudstone (JK, CB) is likely a result of N2 fixation to nitrate generated by thermal shock from impact or volcanic plume lightning on ancient Mars. Fixed nitrogen could have facilitated the development of a primitive nitrogen cycle on the surface of ancient Mars, potentially providing a biochemically accessible source of nitrogen.

Published
2015

11. Isotope ratios of H, C, and O in CO₂ and H₂O of the martian atmosphere

Author

Webster, Chris R, Mahaffy, Paul R, Flesch, Gregory J, Niles, Paul B, Jones, John H, Leshin, Laurie A, Atreya, Sushil K, Stern, Jennifer C, Christensen, Lance E, Owen, Tobias, Franz, Heather, Pepin, Robert O, Steele, Andrew and the MSL Science Team, Achilles, Cherie, Agard, Christophe, Alves Verdasca, José Alexandre, Anderson, Robert, Anderson, Ryan, Archer, Doug, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, Arvidson, Ray, Atlaskin, Evgeny, Aubrey, Andrew, Baker, Burt, Baker, Michael, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, Baratoux, David, Baroukh, Julien, Barraclough, Bruce, Bean, Keri, Beegle, Luther, Behar, Alberto, Bell, James, Bender, Steve, Benna, Mehdi, Bentz, Jennifer, Berger, Gilles, Berger, Jeff, Berman, Daniel, Bish, David, Blake, David F, Blanco Avalos, Juan J, Blaney, Diana, Blank, Jen, Blau, Hannah, Bleacher, Lora, Boehm, Eckart, Botta, Oliver, Böttcher, Stephan, Boucher, Thomas, Bower, Hannah, Boyd, Nick, Boynton, Bill, Breves, Elly, Bridges, John, Bridges, Nathan, Brinckerhoff, William, Brinza, David, Bristow, Thomas, Brunet, Claude, Brunner, Anna, Brunner, Will, Buch, Arnaud, Bullock, Mark, Burmeister, Sönke, Cabane, Michel, Calef, Fred, Cameron, James, Campbell, John, Cantor, Bruce, Caplinger, Michael, Caride Rodríguez, Javier, Carmosino, Marco, Carrasco Blázquez, Isaías, Charpentier, Antoine, Chipera, Steve, Choi, David, Clark, Benton, Clegg, Sam, Cleghorn, Timothy, Cloutis, Ed, Cody, George, Coll, Patrice, Conrad, Pamela, Coscia, David, Cousin, Agnès, Cremers, David, Crisp, Joy, Cros, Alain, Cucinotta, Frank, d'Uston, Claude, Davis, Scott, Day, Mackenzie, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, DeFlores, Lauren, DeLapp, Dorothea, DeMarines, Julia, DesMarais, David, Dietrich, William, Dingler, Robert, Donny, Christophe, Downs, Bob, Drake, Darrell, Dromart, Gilles, Dupont, Audrey, Duston, Brian, Dworkin, Jason, Dyar, M Darby, Edgar, Lauren, Edgett, Kenneth, Edwards, Christopher, Edwards, Laurence, Ehlmann, Bethany, Ehresmann, Bent, Eigenbrode, Jen, Elliott, Beverley, Elliott, Harvey, Ewing, Ryan, Fabre, Cécile, Fairén, Alberto, Farley, Ken, Farmer, Jack, Fassett, Caleb, Favot, Laurent, Fay, Donald, Fedosov, Fedor, Feldman, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Fisk, Marty, Fitzgibbon, Mike, Floyd, Melissa, Flückiger, Lorenzo, Forni, Olivier, Fraeman, Abby, Francis, Raymond, François, Pascaline, Freissinet, Caroline, French, Katherine Louise, Frydenvang, Jens, Gaboriaud, Alain, Gailhanou, Marc, Garvin, James, Gasnault, Olivier, Geffroy, Claude, Gellert, Ralf, Genzer, Maria, Glavin, Daniel, Godber, Austin, Goesmann, Fred, Goetz, Walter, Golovin, Dmitry, Gómez Gómez, Felipe, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Gondet, Brigitte, Gordon, Suzanne, Gorevan, Stephen, Grant, John, Griffes, Jennifer, Grinspoon, David, Grotzinger, John, Guillemot, Philippe, Guo, Jingnan, Gupta, Sanjeev, Guzewich, Scott, Haberle, Robert, Halleaux, Douglas, Hallet, Bernard, Hamilton, Vicky, Hardgrove, Craig, Harker, David, Harpold, Daniel, Harri, Ari-Matti, Harshman, Karl, Hassler, Donald, Haukka, Harri, Hayes, Alex, Herkenhoff, Ken, Herrera, Paul, Hettrich, Sebastian, Heydari, Ezat, Hipkin, Victoria, Hoehler, Tori, Hollingsworth, Jeff, Hudgins, Judy, Huntress, Wesley, Hurowitz, Joel, Hviid, Stubbe, Iagnemma, Karl, Indyk, Steve, Israël, Guy, Jackson, Ryan, Jacob, Samantha, Jakosky, Bruce, Jensen, Elsa, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Johnson, Jeffrey, Johnson, Micah, Johnstone, Steve, Jones, Andrea, Joseph, Jonathan, Jun, Insoo, Kah, Linda, Kahanpää, Henrik, Kahre, Melinda, Karpushkina, Natalya, Kasprzak, Wayne, Kauhanen, Janne, Keely, Leslie, Kemppinen, Osku, Keymeulen, Didier, Kim, Myung-Hee, Kinch, Kjartan, King, Penny, Kirkland, Laurel, Kocurek, Gary, Koefoed, Asmus, Köhler, Jan, Kortmann, Onno, Kozyrev, Alexander, Krezoski, Jill, Krysak, Daniel, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Lacour, Jean Luc, Lafaille, Vivian, Langevin, Yves, Lanza, Nina, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Lee, Ella Mae, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Lees, David, Lefavor, Matthew, Lemmon, Mark, Lepinette Malvitte, Alain, Léveillé, Richard, Lewin-Carpintier, Éric, Lewis, Kevin, Li, Shuai, Lipkaman, Leslie, Little, Cynthia, Litvak, Maxim, Lorigny, Eric, Lugmair, Guenter, Lundberg, Angela, Lyness, Eric, Madsen, Morten, Maki, Justin, Malakhov, Alexey, Malespin, Charles, Malin, Michael, Mangold, Nicolas, Manhes, Gérard, Manning, Heidi, Marchand, Geneviève, Marín Jiménez, Mercedes, Martín García, César, Martin, Dave, Martin, Mildred, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Martín-Soler, Javier, Martín-Torres, F Javier, Mauchien, Patrick, Maurice, Sylvestre, McAdam, Amy, McCartney, Elaina, McConnochie, Timothy, McCullough, Emily, McEwan, Ian, McKay, Christopher, McLennan, Scott, McNair, Sean, Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Meyer, Michael, Mezzacappa, Alissa, Miller, Hayden, Miller, Kristen, Milliken, Ralph, Ming, Douglas, Minitti, Michelle, Mischna, Michael, Mitrofanov, Igor, Moersch, Jeff, Mokrousov, Maxim, Molina Jurado, Antonio, Moores, John, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Morookian, John Michael, Morris, Richard, Morrison, Shaunna, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, Muller, Jan-Peter, Muñoz Caro, Guillermo, Nachon, Marion, Navarro López, Sara, Navarro-González, Rafael, Nealson, Kenneth, Nefian, Ara, Nelson, Tony, Newcombe, Megan, Newman, Claire, Newsom, Horton, Nikiforov, Sergey, Nixon, Brian, Noe Dobrea, Eldar, Nolan, Thomas, Oehler, Dorothy, Ollila, Ann, Olson, Timothy, de Pablo Hernández, Miguel Ángel, Paillet, Alexis, Pallier, Etienne, Palucis, Marisa, Parker, Timothy, Parot, Yann, Patel, Kiran, Paton, Mark, Paulsen, Gale, Pavlov, Alex, Pavri, Betina, Peinado-González, Verónica, Peret, Laurent, Perez, Rene, Perrett, Glynis, Peterson, Joe, Pilorget, Cedric, Pinet, Patrick, Pla-García, Jorge, Plante, Ianik, Poitrasson, Franck, Polkko, Jouni, Popa, Radu, Posiolova, Liliya, Posner, Arik, Pradler, Irina, Prats, Benito, Prokhorov, Vasily, Purdy, Sharon Wilson, Raaen, Eric, Radziemski, Leon, Rafkin, Scot, Ramos, Miguel, Rampe, Elizabeth, Raulin, François, Ravine, Michael, Reitz, Günther, Rennó, Nilton, Rice, Melissa, Richardson, Mark, Robert, François, Robertson, Kevin, Rodriguez Manfredi, José Antonio, Romeral-Planelló, Julio J, Rowland, Scott, Rubin, David, Saccoccio, Muriel, Salamon, Andrew, Sandoval, Jennifer, Sanin, Anton, Sans Fuentes, Sara Alejandra, Saper, Lee, Sarrazin, Philippe, Sautter, Violaine, Savijärvi, Hannu, Schieber, Juergen, Schmidt, Mariek, Schmidt, Walter, Scholes, Daniel, Schoppers, Marcel, Schröder, Susanne, Schwenzer, Susanne, Sebastian Martinez, Eduardo, Sengstacken, Aaron, Shterts, Ruslan, Siebach, Kirsten, Siili, Tero, Simmonds, Jeff, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, Slavney, Susie, Sletten, Ronald, Smith, Michael, Sobrón Sánchez, Pablo, Spanovich, Nicole, Spray, John, Squyres, Steven, Stack, Katie, Stalport, Fabien, Stein, Thomas, Stewart, Noel, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, Stoiber, Kevin, Stolper, Ed, Sucharski, Bob, Sullivan, Rob, Summons, Roger, Sumner, Dawn, Sun, Vivian, Supulver, Kimberley, Sutter, Brad, Szopa, Cyril, Tan, Florence, Tate, Christopher, Teinturier, Samuel, ten Kate, Inge, Thomas, Peter, Thompson, Lucy, Tokar, Robert, Toplis, Mike, Torres Redondo, Josefina, Trainer, Melissa, Treiman, Allan, Tretyakov, Vladislav, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, Van Beek, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, VanBommel, Scott, Vaniman, David, Varenikov, Alexey, Vasavada, Ashwin, Vasconcelos, Paulo, Vicenzi, Edward, Vostrukhin, Andrey, Voytek, Mary, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Ward, Jennifer, Weigle, Eddie, Wellington, Danika, Westall, Frances, Wiens, Roger Craig, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, Williams, Amy, Williams, Joshua, Williams, Rebecca, Williams, Richard B, Wilson, Mike, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, Wolff, Mike, Wong, Mike, Wray, James, Wu, Megan, Yana, Charles, Yen, Albert, Yingst, Aileen, Zeitlin, Cary, Zimdar, Robert, and Zorzano Mier, María-Paz

Subjects
isotope ratios, MSL-Radiation, Mars
Published
2013

12. e-Science and data support services: a survey of ARL members

Author

Soehner, Catherine, Steeves, Catherine, and Ward, Jennifer

Abstract

After working for several years to promote research library support for e-science and e-research, the Association of Research Libraries E-science Working Group surveyed member libraries in the Fall of 2009 to gather data on the state of engagement with e-science issues. ARL members include the largest research libraries in the US and Canada and collectively support a substantial proportion of the North American research enterprise. The survey provides a current snapshot of data curation and e-science support activities, documenting a range of approaches and strategies evolving at research institutions and among research libraries. The research libraries reported on widespread planning and development at their institutions and described a variety of models for service provision and infrastructure development. Library engagement in data curation was also common. Respondents provided information on library services, organizational structures, staffing patterns and staff development, and involvement in research grants, along with perspectives on pressure points for service development.

Published
2010

13. Drug consumption in London: a city of diverse and changing scenes

Author

Ward, Jennifer, Thom, Betsy, Eisenbach-Stangl, Irmgard, Moskalewicz, Jacek, and Thom, Betsy

Abstract

[Summary of the book containing this chapter:] Two Worlds of Drug Consumption in Late Modern Societies reports the findings of an empirical study of drug users in London, Amsterdam, Turin, Prague, Vienna and Warsaw, European cities representative of a wide range of drug problems and public policies. The innovative study reconceives the standard distinctions between 'hard-core' and 'recreational' drug users in terms of their social position. The authors argue that this is closely related to consumption patterns rather than drug choice, and reveals that two relatively homogenous drug worlds exist within each of the study sites. This leads to the development of diverging drug markets; a friendly market for the integrated consumer, and a highly commercialized one for the marginalized customer, where low quality goods are sold at a higher price. These findings have significant implications for academics and professionals working in health, psychology and urban studies.

Published
2009

14. Providing access to the photographic collection of Charles F. Dwyer

Author

Guy, Laura, Lerud-Heck, Joanne, and Ward, Jennifer

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MANAGEMENTOFCOMPUTINGANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMS, InformationSystems_INFORMATIONINTERFACESANDPRESENTATION(e.g.,HCI), InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSYSTEMSAPPLICATIONS, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, Wire rope, ropeways
Abstract

In addition to the Powerpoint slides there is also a written paper available for download., 26 Powerpoint slides., Presented at the 2004 meeting of OITAF-NACS held in Vail, Colorado.

Published
2007
Full Text
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15. Middle market drug distribution

Author

Pearson, Geoffrey, Hobbs, Richard, Jones, Steve, Tierney, John, and Ward, Jennifer

Subjects
HM Sociology
Published
2001

16. Origins And Development Of Forensic Medicine And Forensic Science In England, 1823-1946

Author

Ward, Jennifer

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING
Abstract

This study traces the development of forensic medicine, forensic science and police science from their roots in nineteenth-century England and shows that the main factors which make up the present-day disciplines were in place well before the First World War. The elite practice of forensic medicine had evolved into the laboratory-based sciences of special pathology and Home Office toxicological analysis by the 1900s and it is shown that in creating forensic science in the 1930s on this elite medical model as an aid to police investigations, other science and medicine in court, particularly in the civil courts, were excluded from the meaning of the new term 'forensic science' and perhaps also from the far older and wider 'forensic medicine'. There is confusion in the public mind as to the difference between forensic medicine and forensic science, or whether one is included in the other. By outlining the history of the separate specialities the meanings of the terms is clarified, not only for the present day, but at each earlier stage. Forensic medicine's role working for the state in criminal cases has always been badly funded, as the discipline has been unable to compete for public funds against more pressing needs. poor teaching and little or no original research. The creation of the Forensic Science Service was an attempt in part to salvage forensic medicine and to put it finally on an institutionalised footing, but this failed, and as the period of review closed in 1946 forensic medicine was still struggling for survival. Forensic science too looked set for failure as the government had made no provision for research or for training the new 'forensic scientists'.

Published
1993
Full Text
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