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This is a case study of cooperative development between a college and a corporation to manufacture a carton-filling machine. Specifically, a green cooperative development method was proposed that would match the college’s design capabilities with the manufacturing capacity of the enterprise. This college–enterprise cooperative development represents an extensive collaboration between industry and academia. This method integrates design for manufacturing (DFM) theory and the integrated computer aided manufacturing definition (IDEF) method to establish the IDEF0 (functional) model of manufacturing knowledge that supports the design process. The model clarifies the specific manufacturing knowledge that enterprises should provide at the conceptual design stage, preliminary design stage and detailed design stage. The forms of communication and timing of knowledge provision needed to optimize development planning and design decisions based on the manufacturing capacity of the enterprise were also determined. Through this method, the college–enterprise cooperative development project (in this case, involving a carton-filling machine) was accomplished with less time, fewer design modifications and fewer parts needing to be reworked. The results show that this method can greatly reduce the run-in period of both parties, improve the efficiency of cooperative development and reduce the cost and waste of prototyping.

In this study, we reported the various contents of Polygonatum cyrtonema by extracting polysaccharides (PCPs) using steaming and shining procedures, thus providing scientific basis for the processing of Polygonatum cyrtonema and content analysis of polysaccharides. We established the characteristic fingerprint to identify and analyze polysaccharide component changes in distillated and processed Polygonatum cyrtonema by PMP precolumn derivatization and HPLC-MS/MS technology. We also classified two kinds of solutions by comparing the composition difference of 10 polysaccharide components in the samples with principal component and cluster analysis. There was a huge difference between them and seven monosaccharides. Processed PCPs mainly consisted of galactose along with mannose, followed by glucose. Meanwhile, we found that the results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis were the same. The polysaccharide components extracted from processed Polygonatum cyrtonema and distillate were mainly galactose and mannose. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis were the same. The distilled liquid can be divided into 5 categories, and the processed dry extract of Polygonatum cyrtonema can be divided into 4 categories. The changing trend of polysaccharide components of Polygonatum cyrtonema and distilled liquid was revealed during the multiple cycles of steaming and sun drying. The similarity and difference of polysaccharide components in the extracted liquid and the distilled liquid of each batch were shown.

Large old trees contribute to ecosystem integrity and biodiversity in urban and periurban areas. Quantifying the factors influencing the suitable habitats of large old trees is critical for management. Because tree species are sensitive to changes in the human footprint and soil properties in alpine regions, understanding the effects of these on the habitat suitability of large old trees is crucial for ecological management in urban and periurban areas of alpine regions. Here, we used a habitat suitability model to project the distributions of suitable habitats of six large old tree species (Salix matsudana, Picea crassifolia, Picea wilsonii, Populus cathayana, Populus simonii, and Ulmus pumila) in urban and periurban areas of Qinghai Province, China, based on climate, the human footprint, and soil variables. Then, we used jackknife methods and effect size analysis to quantify the effects of the human footprint and soil properties on the habitats of large old trees. Our results showed that the human footprint and soil properties, especially cation exchange capacity, affected the habitat suitability of the large old trees in Qinghai Province. The tree species in Chengzhong, Chengxi, Ping’an, Guide, and Qilian were all greatly affected by the human footprint and soil properties. We propose the following management strategies based upon our data: 1) protected areas should be established for large old trees where soil nutrient levels are high to ensure the protection of small groups of scattered trees and single isolated trees; and 2) Chengzhong, Chengxi, Huangzhong, Ping’an, Ledou, Minhe, Xunhua, and Guide should be used as recruitment areas of large old trees based on their suitable climate and soil properties in Qinghai Province. Our study provides insight into the effective management of large old trees in alpine regions.

This paper is concerned with the fault detection (FD) problem for a class of networked systems. We introduce a novel communication protocol which is called the Round-Robin protocol (RRP) to overcome the limited communication capacity. Under the RRP protocol, sensor nodes are prearranged in a particular sequence, and communication between sensor and the receiving end is thus periodic. Such kind of scheduling approach can effectively reduce the instantaneous communication burden. A set of zero-order holders (ZOHs) are used to store the received measurements. To generate the residual signal, a residual generator is constructed. The residual evaluation function and the threshold are designed. However, the periodical delay is inevitable in the RRP scheduling framework. Fortunately, complexity induced by the periodical delays can be greatly reduced by using the matrix blocking technique. Sufficient criteria ensuring the exponentially mean-square stability of the dynamics are established in the help of the Lyapunov stability theory. Design of the desired fault detector is reformulated as a convex optimization problem with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. In the numerical example, the occurred fault is detected timely, which verifies the rationality of the investigated scheme.

A large number of radioactive materials entered the soil environment by Fukushima nuclear accident, and large area of contaminated soil with radioactive materials became the thorniest problem of Japanese government after the accident. On the basis of the mechanism of radionuclide migration in the soil, such as physical migration, chemical migration, biological migration, and the composite of different migration processes, the series of radionuclide-contaminated soil repair methods is discussed. There are move and replace with out-soil methods aiming at physical migration, there are ion exchange method and oxidation-reduction method aiming at chemical migration, there are microbial remediation and phytoremediation aiming at biological migration. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods and applicable range are illustrated. The final remediation target is the first priority when selecting remediation methods. Then, the influence factors on remediation effect should be considered, including the principles of radiation protection, radioactive pollution levels, soil characteristics, hydrological and meteorological conditions, the radionuclide migration way influence. Finally, there will be a comprehensive comparison from method feasibility, economic affordability, and environmental and legal compatibility. The feasibility of remediation methods includes appropriate repair methods, acceptable repair time, good repair effect, etc. Economic affordability means repair costs can be bearable and as less as better. Environmental and legal compatibility refers that after the restoration the residual risk of nuclides in environment is acceptable and the long-term effect is negligible and meets the requirements of relevant laws and regulations standard.

Ecological effects of the cascade hydropower dam construction on ecosystems have acquired much concern from scientists with the expanding of dam development scales in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region. In the Lancang River region and Yuanjiang River-Red River region of the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR), an index system has been therefore established to assess the current ecological vulnerability and to predict the likely future ecological vulnerability of these two river regions after the dam constructions. Eight cascade hydropower dam construction scenarios have been established in this paper for forecast. Abrupt change characteristics of the ecosystem have been considered in the calculation. Economic benefits like current supply, navigation and tourisms of the dam construction have not been considered in the calculation. The results show that (1) the current ecological vulnerability values of Lancang River region and Yuanjiang River-Red River region are 0.34 and 0.43 respectively, which would rise to 0.90–0.91 and 0.86–0.89 respectively after the joint work of all the planned dams; (2) abrupt change would happen to both the Lancang River region and Yuanjiang River-Red River region in future; (3) interval construction with high human response is recommended for both the Lancang River region and Yuanjiang River-Red River region, after which their likely ecological vulnerability would rise to 0.56–0.62 and 0.42–0.43 respectively. These results provide a reasonable method and theoretical references to assess the ecological effects of dam construction, and also give prewarnings to other mainstreams of the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region which are being planned to construct cascade hydropower dams.

Multisensor fusion and consensus filtering are two fascinating subjects in the research of sensor networks. In this survey, we will cover both classic results and recent advances developed in these two topics. First, we recall some important results in the development of multisensor fusion technology. Particularly, we pay great attention to the fusion with unknown correlations, which ubiquitously exist in most of distributed filtering problems. Next, we give a systematic review on several widely used consensus filtering approaches. Furthermore, some latest progress on multisensor fusion and consensus filtering is also presented. Finally, conclusions are drawn and several potential future research directions are outlined.

This paper is concerned with the overview of the recent progress in fuzzy-logic-based filtering, control, and fault detection problems. First, the network technologies are introduced, the networked control systems are categorized from the aspects of fieldbuses and industrial Ethernets, the necessity of utilizing the fuzzy logic is justified, and the network-induced phenomena are discussed. Then, the fuzzy logic control strategies are reviewed in great detail. Special attention is given to the thorough examination on the latest results for fuzzy PID control, fuzzy adaptive control, and fuzzy tracking control problems. Furthermore, recent advances on the fuzzy-logic-based filtering and fault detection problems are reviewed. Finally, conclusions are given and some possible future research directions are pointed out, for example, topics on two-dimensional networked systems, wireless networked control systems, Quality-of-Service (QoS) of networked systems, and fuzzy access control in open networked systems.

This paper presents an overview of the recent developments in the gain-scheduled control and filtering problems for the parameter-varying systems. First of all, we recall several important algorithms suitable for gain-scheduling method including gain-scheduled proportional-integral derivative (PID) control, H2, H∞ and mixed H2/H∞ gain-scheduling methods as well as fuzzy gain-scheduling techniques. Secondly, various important parameter-varying system models are reviewed, for which gain-scheduled control and filtering issues are usually dealt with. In particular, in view of the randomly occurring phenomena with time-varying probability distributions, some results of our recent work based on the probability-dependent gain-scheduling methods are reviewed. Furthermore, some latest progress in this area is discussed. Finally, conclusions are drawn and several potential future research directions are outlined.