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The concept of “minimally invasive dentistry” aims to provide conservative treatment of cavities in which sound dentin is removed. Because the Er: YAG laser can selectively remove caries, the smear layer is removed, dentin tubules are exposed after the preparation of substrate conditioning, and its advantages of precision, safety and painlessness are deeply valued. At the same time, the bonding strength between the prepared dentin surface and the filling material is different due to the different parameters of the Er: YAG laser. In this paper, the principle of dentin bonding, the mechanism of Er: YAG laser action, after treatment of dentin with different parameters (power, energy density, pulse duration, and irradiation distance), whether there is thermal damage to pulp tissue, the ultramicro morphology of dentin surface, the bonding properties of different bonding systems and the filling materials between irradiated hard tissues were reviewed. An appropriate parameter range (power ≤ 10 Hz, energy density ≤ 60 mJ, and pulse duration ≤ 50 μs) combined with water spray cooling will not cause thermal damage to the pulp tissue, while the higher power, energy density and pulse duration of laser treatment for dentin will lead to melting, carbonization, cracks, narrowing of the gap between collagen fibers, etc., which will limit the penetration of adhesives and have a negative impact on bonding. However, whether the adhesive systems based on the smear layer are suitable for dentin after laser treatment needs to be further explored.

In recent years, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been projected as an alternative to traditional antibiotics for their superior antimicrobial properties and significant inhibition of the biofilm formation. Particularly, it is found that the effectiveness of AgNPs varies greatly with the biomaterial used in their synthesis. Mushrooms are natural resources for excellent antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, there are few reports on the application of mushrooms in AgNPs biosynthesis. In this study, AgNPs were successfully synthesized using Flammulina velutipes extract as reductants and stabilizing agents. The following analyses of UV-visible spectroscopy showed typical absorbance peak at 450 nm. Transmission electron microscope analysis indicated that the prepared AgNPs were monodispersed spheres with an average size of approximately 22 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline structure of metallic silver. Furthermore, the synthesized AgNPs exhibited high stability and antibacterial activities against 6 aquatic pathogens. A subsequent challenge experiment showed that the prepared AgNPs significantly reduced the mortality rate of Ruditapes philippinarum clam infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Notably, AgNPs treatment could inhibit the biofilm formation of the pathogen, indicating that the extracellular synthesis of AgNPs using mushroom can be developed into a novel effective antimicrobial agent to overcome the multidrug-resistant microorganisms in aquaculture. This study will open a new way for edible mushroom processing and wide application in aquaculture.

Unilateral maxillary defects are common clinical maxillofacial deformities. Because of their large area and the complexity of the maxillary structure, the distribution of pressure from dental prostheses and on the sustentacu⁃ lar tissue is usually uneven, which often results in pain or ulceration of the soft tissue and agomphiasis during the thera⁃ peutic process. Recently, the finite element method has been used to guide prosthesis design and implantation. This method is conducive to the restoration and stability of the dental prosthesis and the protection of the remaining tissue, which improves restoration quality and patient satisfaction. This paper summarizes the establishment of a three⁃dimen⁃ sional finite element model of unilateral maxillary defects and its application in repairing unilateral maxillary defects with traditional prostheses, implant⁃supported prostheses and surgical flap transplantation combined with prostheses.

A novel, moderately hydrophilic peptide (RYL) with high ACE-inhibitory activity was screened ultrafast via a concept of waste conversion using waste. This novel peptide was screened from silkworm pupa using an Fe-doped porous biocarbon (FL/Z-SE) derived from silkworm excrement. FL/Z-SE possessed magnetic properties and specific selection for peptides due to Fe's dual functions. The selected RYL, which has moderate hydrophilicity (LogP = -0.22), exhibited a comparatively high ACE-inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.31 ± 0.11 μM). The inhibitory kinetics and docking-simulation results show that, as a competitive ACE inhibitor, RYL formed five hydrogen bonds with the ACE residues in the S1 and S2 pockets. In this work, both the screening carbon material and the selected ACE-inhibitory peptide were derived from agricultural waste (silkworm excrement and pupa), which offers a new way of thinking about the development of advanced uses of the silkworm byproducts and wastes.

Hydrogenase occupy a central place in the energy metabolism of anaerobic bacteria. Although the structure of mitochondrial complex I is similar to that of hydrogenase, whether it has hydrogen metabolic activity remain unclear. Here, we show that a H2 evolving activity exists in higher plants mitochondria and is closely related to complex I, especially around ubiquinone binding site. The H2 production could be inhibited by rotenone and ubiquinone. Hypoxia could simultaneously promote H2 evolution and succinate accumulation. Redox properties of quinone pool, adjusted by NADH or succinate according to oxygen concentration, acts as a valve to control the flow of protons and electrons and the production of H2. The coupling of H2 evolving activity of mitochondrial complex I with metabolic regulation reveals a more effective redox homeostasis regulation mechanism. Considering the ubiquity of mitochondria in eukaryotes, H2 metabolism might be the innate function of higher organisms. This may serve to explain, at least in part, the broad physiological effects of H2.

It is the key step of the occlusal reconstruction to determine the correct occlusal vertical dimension for edentulous patients. Although there are several methods in clinical practice, there is no ideal way. This paper summariz⁃ es the following methods: inter⁃occlusal distance, closest speaking space method, pre⁃extraction record, face proportion division method and facial appearance observation, cephalometric analysis, electromyography, swallowing, bite force de⁃ termination and self feeling method. In this paper, the current research status and the feasibility of each method are dis⁃ cussed.

As the main crop in the edible bean varieties, mung bean has high economic value. It has a wide planting area in China, but mechanized planting level of mung bean is low, and artificial planting method is mostly adopted which seriously restricts the development of industry of mung bean in China. There are few studies on the mechanized precision seeding of mung bean in China. This paper explores the mechanized precision seeding of mung bean, and selects three mung bean varieties named “Wanlv 2 hao”, “Tong 1188326” and “Bailv 9 hao” which have wide planting area in China. By measuring and calculating their three-dimensional size, sphericity and thousand seed weight to obtain the physical characteristics of these three varieties which can provide data support for the design of seed metering device which is suitable for sowing mung beans. The adaptability test of mung bean sowing was carried out by using the existing brush-type precision metering device to investigate the plant spacing qualification index and the missed broadcast index and to evaluate the adaptability of the seed metering device to China's mung bean varieties under the condition of plant spacing of 10cm and working speed of 5km/h. The test results show that the brush metering has higher requirements on the shape size of the seed, and has good adaptability to “Tong 1188326” with small particle size, the plant spacing qualification index is more than 95% and the missing broadcast index is less than 2% which meets the requirements of China's design standards. For “Wanlv 2 hao” with medium size, the plant spacing qualification index is more than 90%, but its missing broadcast index is serious which is more than 5%. For “Bailv 9 hao” with large grain size, the plant spacing qualification index and the missing broadcast index can‘t meet the national standard requirements. The above research provides a design basis for the development of the adaptable mung bean precision metering device, which is of great significance for promoting the development of mechanized precision seeding of mung bean in China.

Discrete Element Methods (DEM) has been widely used in the field of agricultural equipment design in recent years. Thereinto, the accurate establishment of simulation particles is essential to discrete element simulation. Therefore, by the methods of the combination of simulation experiments and real experiments, this paper established accurate broad bean simulation particles and calibrated the parameters. By measuring the parameters of 100-grain weight, three-dimensional size, density, and static friction coefficient between the seeds of Chenghu-14, the simulation particles of Chenghu-14 broad bean seeds were preliminarily established. In order to eliminate the differences of physical properties between broad bean seeds and simulation particles due to the differences in shape and surface roughness, the aluminum cylinder was used to carry out the broad bean seeds angle of repose measurement experiments and the simulation experiments of angle of repose, and a unary linear regression equation was established which independent variable is static friction coefficient between broad bean seeds, obtain the target parameter of the calibrated static friction coefficient of broad bean in EDEM(enhanced discrete element method) by using the measured angle of repose between broad bean seeds. The simulation particles of broad bean seeds obtained similar physical properties with real bean seeds, which provided a more reliable simulation particles of broad bean seeds particles for the discrete element analysis of broad bean mechanical structure in sowing, harvesting and storage.

MIL(Fe)/Fe-doped nanospongy porous biocarbon (Fe-SPC) composite was fabricated from MIL-100(Fe) via in situ growth on a unique Fe-doped nanospongy porous biocarbon (Fe-SPC) and was used as Fenton-like catalyst for advanced degradation of thiamethoxam (THIA). Fe was loaded on silkworm excrement and calcined to Fe-SPC with nanospongy and high sp2 C structure. The in situ growth strategy embedded the Fe-SPC into MIL-100(Fe) crystals and formed conductive heterojunctions with an intensified interface by Fe-bridging effect, which was confirmed by negative shift of Fe3+ binding energy in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. MIL(Fe)/Fe-SPC composites exhibited high degree of crystallinity and surface area (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller: 1730 m2/g). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and density functional theory simulations demonstrated that THIA was converted to a relatively stable compound (C4H5N2SCl), which could be captured by MIL-100(Fe) with strong chemical bonding energy (Fe–N, −587 kJ/mol), followed by a sign...

Nanocrystalline NbB2 powders were successfully prepared by borothermal reduction in molten salt at 800 degrees C-1000 degrees C. Due to the more homogeneous mixing and more rapid diffusion of species in the liquid state than in the solid state, the synthesis temperature of pure NbB2 phase was greatly decreased by the presence of molten NaCl/KCl salt. The NbB2 powders synthesized at 1000 degrees C had the largest specific surface area of 27.09m(2)/g and the lowest equivalent average particle size of 32nm, respectively.

A patient presenting with concomitant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation is very rare. We report a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient with concomitant EGFR (exon 19-del) mutation and ALK rearrangement. The positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan revealed a highly metabolic mass lesion in the left lower lobe, measured 5.0 cm in the largest dimension in the S6 segment. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) showed the pathological diagnosis of invasive adenocarcinoma. Thus, the patient underwent left lower lobectomy and hilar-mediastina lymph node dissection (pT2N0M0). The tumor harbor an ALK (D5F3 +) rearrangement and EGFR (exon 19-del) mutation. The patient initially received four cycles of chemotherapy (pemetrexed and carboplatin), and achieved partial response (PR).

In power generating industry, load forecasting plays an important part. In oder to improve the economic and social benefits, and to help the decision of construction of generating plant, the forecasting of electric demand is necessary. According to the actual situation and method of grey theory, and by using the grey model, we try to found out the electricity consumption of the the next 5 years.

Liaoning is a granary province with a large agricultural population and great market potential. Expanding rural residents’ consumption becomes a necessity for enlarging domestic demand, solving three agriculture problems and promoting sustainable and rapid economic development. The research shows that since invigorating old industrial base in Liaoning, the contribution rate of rural residents' consumption to economic motivation is low and unstable, which has become one of the choke points for the development of economy. By using the grey correlation method, the influences of rural residents' consumption in different periods to GDP per capita are analyzed, the results show that the consumption level of rural residents were increasing, but their contribution rate on economic growth showed the descending tend. the residential expenses stay in the major position of consumption expenses; the education and entertainment products and service consumption play an important role; the growth of transportation and telecommunication is slow; the expenses on medical care are low and its contribution rate on economic growth is relatively weak. the countermeasures on developing rural economy, increasing rural residents income, improving rural consumption environment, accelerating rural infrastructure construction, constructing and perfecting rural social security system and expanding rural consumption credit market are p a forward to expand rural residents' consumption demand and realize the sustainable development of economy.

Liaoning is a granary province with a large agricultural population and great market potential. Expanding rural residents’ consumption becomes a necessity for enlarging domestic demand, solving three agriculture problems and promoting sustainable and rapid economic development. The research shows that since invigorating old industrial base in Liaoning, the contribution rate of rural residents' consumption to economic motivation is low and unstable, which has become one of the choke points for the development of economy. By using the grey correlation method, the influences of rural residents' consumption in different periods to GDP per capita are analyzed, the results show that the consumption level of rural residents were increasing, but their contribution rate on economic growth showed the descending tend. the residential expenses stay in the major position of consumption expenses; the education and entertainment products and service consumption play an important role; the growth of transportation and telecommunication is slow; the expenses on medical care are low and its contribution rate on economic growth is relatively weak. the countermeasures on developing rural economy, increasing rural residents income, improving rural consumption environment, accelerating rural infrastructure construction, constructing and perfecting rural social security system and expanding rural consumption credit market are p a forward to expand rural residents' consumption demand and realize the sustainable development of economy.

Inner Mongolia, northern China's resource-based regions, is a large province of power output. State Grid Corporation plans to construct special high-voltage transmission channels for the Autonomous Region Electric Power Delivery in Inner Mongolia. As the monopoly of power industry, the output cross-power energy trading in Inner Mongolia mainly have two ways: Point on the network and the network of networks. This paper studied Decision-Making Optimization in Inter-regional power grid, established person cooperation game model between interconnected power system by using Game Theory, discussed the effectiveness of the distribution between various network members based on Shapley Model, and optimized and improved solving measures. Through analysis and research, the paper proposed feasible suggestions for inter-regional energy trade cooperation in Inner Mongolia Power Grid.

Accurate electricity demand forecasting is the foundation of power system operation and planning, the basic of placing development plans, business strategy and tactics of the power companies. Electricity consumption is a gray system which is impacted by economic development, industrial structure, income levels and national policies. The paper counted Inner Mongolia electricity data from four factors, used the gray model GM (1, n) to predict, established Markov model from the percentage of relative deviation δ of the fitted value and actual value, and revised forecast values obtained from gray model. At last, the paper predicted the demand for electric power industry in Inner Mongolia by gray Markov model.