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Basophils are a rare type of granulocyte in peripheral blood. Owing to their accessibility in circulation and similarities to mast cells, basophils were considered a tool to gain insight into the function of mast cells. However, recent studies have uncovered that basophils have unique biology, specifically in activation, recruitment, and potential biomarkers. Accordingly, some previously unrecognized functions, particularly in neuroimmunology, have been found, suggesting a role of basophils in inflammatory and pruritic disorders. In this review, we aim to present an overview of basophil biology to show how basophils contribute to certain pruritic skin diseases.

A concise and divergent enantioselective total synthesis of the revised structures of marine anti-cancer sesquiterpene hydroquinone meroterpenoids (+)-dysiherbols A–E was accomplished using dimethyl predysiherbol as a key common intermediate.

Ultra-high strain rate impact tests were conducted by Split-Hopkinson pressure bar to investigate the microstructure evolution and impact deformation mechanism of a solution treated casting AM80 Mg alloy at 25, 150 and 250 °C with a strain rate of 5000 s−1. The microcrack and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) preferentially nucleate at grain boundary (GB) and twin boundary (TB), especially at the intersections between GBs and TBs, and then propagate along twin direction. In contrast, the adiabatic shear bands preferentially occur at high-density twined regions. At 25 °C, the dominated deformation mechanisms are basal slip and twinning. As deformation temperature increases to 150 and 250 °C, the deformation gradually shifts to be dominated by a coordinated mechanism among non-basal slip, twinning and DRX. The flow stress behavior and deformation mechanism indicate that the degree of decrease in flow stress with temperature is associated with the change of deformation mode.

Aiming at the problem that the reliability of traditional double winding permanent magnet wind generator is low when it runs on the sea, and it cannot run normally when the fault occurs, the fault tolerance characteristics of the generator are studied. Taking a 60 kW double winding permanent magnet synchronous wind generator as an example, the finite element method is used to calculate the electromagnetic parameters of the generator under rated load, single winding fault condition and fault-tolerant condition, and the variation characteristics of magnetic density, electromagnetic torque and other electromagnetic parameters under various working conditions including fault-tolerant conditions are determined. At the same time, the thermal circuit method is used to check the hot spot temperature of the generator under various working conditions to explore the fault tolerance necessity and operation reliability of the dual winding permanent magnet wind turbine. Finally, by building a prototype platform, the rationality of the solution model and the accuracy of the calculation results are verified.

Benign parotid hypertrophy makes the earlobe area appear swollen and weakens the lateral facial contour and aesthetics. Efficacious treatment for benign parotid hypertrophy is not available. The authors evaluated the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A for benign parotid hypertrophy treatment.Thirty-six participants with benign parotid hypertrophy were enrolled and treated with botulinum toxin type A injection. After 6 months of follow-up, changes in the thickness and length of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland were assessed. Analyses of patient subgroups and image analyses were also undertaken to assess improvement.Thirty-three participants completed this study. Superficial lobe of the parotid gland thickness was reduced significantly after botulinum toxin type A injection, but the longitudinal diameter of the parotid gland was not changed significantly ( p0.001 and p = 0.146, respectively). Subgroup analyses showed that the degree of parotid gland hypertrophy affected treatment efficacy and degree of improvement, but age and sex did not ( p0.001, p = 0.137, and p = 0.138, respectively). Image analyses showed improvement in the facial contour ( p0.05). Serious adverse reactions or complications were not observed.Botulinum toxin type A can be used to treat benign parotid hypertrophy, reduce parotid gland volume, and improve the facial contour.Therapeutic, IV.

The GRAS protein family is involved in plant growth and development, plant disease resistance, and abiotic stress response. Although the GRAS protein family has been systematically studied and reported in many plants, it has not been reported in oat, an excellent foodstuff crop of Gramineae. We identified 90 AsGRAS genes and all of the AsGRAS genes were randomly distributed on 21 chromosomes with 6 tandem duplicated genes and 49 pairs of segmental duplications, which may be the main reason for the expansion of the GRAS gene family. According to the phylogenetic tree, 90 AsGRASs were classified into 10 distinct subfamilies. Gene structure revealed introns varying from zero to seven, and all genes have conserved motifs and GRAS structure domain. Protein–protein interaction and miRNA prediction analysis showed that AsGRAS proteins mainly interacted with GA signalling, cell division, etc., and that the AsGRAS genes were targeted by miRNA171. RNA-seq and qRT–PCR data showed that GRAS genes were expressed at different growth and developmental stages and under different abiotic stresses in oat, indicating the potential role of GRAS genes in promoting growth and stress tolerance in oat. Overall, our evolutionary and expression analysis of AsGRAS genes contributes to the elucidation of a theoretical basis for the GRAS gene family. Moreover, it helped reveal gene function and laid the foundation for future agricultural improvement of oats based on functional properties.

Aim The anticoagulation effect of warfarin is usually evaluated by percentage of time in therapeutic range (PTTR), which is negatively correlated with the risk of warfarin adverse reactions. This study aimed to explore the effects of genetic and nongenetic factors on anticoagulation efficacy of warfarin during different therapeutic range. Methods We conducted an observational retrospective study aiming at evaluating the impact of clinical and genetic factors on PTTR from initial to more than six months treatment. This analysis included patients with heart valve replace (HVR) surgery who underwent long-term or life-long time treatment with standard-dose warfarin for anticoagulation control in Second Xiangya Hospital. All patients were followed for at least 6 months. We genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 associated with altered warfarin dose requirements and tested their associations with PTTR. Results A total of 629 patients with intact clinical data and available genotype data were enrolled in this study, and only 38.63% patients achieved good anticoagulation control (PTTR > 0.6). Clinical factors, including male gender, older age, overweight, AVR surgery and stroke history, were associated with higher PTTR. Patients with VKORC1 -1639AA genotype had significantly higher PTTR level compared with GA/GG genotype carriers only in the first month of treatment. Patients with CYP2C9*3 allele had higher PTTR compared with CYP2C9*1*1 carriers. Moreover, compared with VKORC1 -1639 AG/GG carriers, INR > 4 was more likely to be present in patients with AA genotype. The frequency of CYP2C9*1*3 in patients with INR > 4 was significantly higher than these without INR > 4. Conclusion We confirmed the relevant factors of warfarin anticoagulation control, including genetic factors (VKORC1 -1639G > A and CYP2C9*3 polymorphisms) and clinical factors (male gender, older age, overweight, AVR surgery and stroke history), which could be helpful to individualize warfarin dosage and improve warfarin anticoagulation control during different treatment period.

Background The association between menstrual cycle characteristics and cardiovascular outcomes remains unclear. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether menstrual cycle regularity and length throughout the life course are associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Methods and Results This cohort study included 58 056 women who had no cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline and reported their menstrual cycle regularity and length. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for CVD events were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. During the median 11.8 years of follow‐up, 1623 incident CVD cases were documented, including 827 incident cases of coronary heart disease, 199 myocardial infarctions, 271 strokes, 174 cases of heart failure, and 393 cases of atrial fibrillations. Compared with women with regular menstrual cycles, the HRs for women with irregular menstrual cycles were 1.19 (95% CI, 1.07–1.31) for CVD events and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.14–1.72) for atrial fibrillation. The multivariable‐adjusted HRs for short (≤21 days) or long (35 days) menstrual cycles during follow‐up were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.11–1.50) and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.98–1.56) for CVD events, respectively. Similarly, long or short cycle length were more likely to be associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.01–1.66]; and HR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.02–1.87]), and short cycle length was more likely to be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. However, these associations for stroke and heart failure were not significant. Conclusions Long or short menstrual cycle length was associated with increased risks of CVD and atrial fibrillation but not myocardial infarction, heart failure, or stroke. Short cycle length was associated with a greater risk of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction.

HPV infection can lead to HPV-related cancer in men, including the anus, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers and precancerous lesions. This study retrospectively investigated HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in Liaocheng men between 2016 and 2022. The total HPV positive rate was 64.87% (2388/3681, 95% CI: 63.32%-66.40%), where HR-HPV and LR-HPV accounted for 42.49% (1564/3681, 95% CI: 40.90%-44.09%) and 69.71% (2566/3681, 95% CI: 68.20%-71.17%), respectively. The mixed HPV infection rate of two and more genotypes was 35.72%. The infection rate of HR-HPV increased with the number of positive cases annually from 2016 (16.91%) to 2022 (46.59%). The most common HR-HPV genotypes were HPV16 (11.60%), HPV52 (6.95%), and HPV59 (6.28%), whereas the least common HR-HPV was HPV26. The most common LR-HPV genotypes were HPV6 (56.99%), HPV11 (23.79%), and HPV43(6.37%). The 9v HPV vaccine preventable for LR-HPV and HR-HPV accounted for 80.78% and 30.40%, respectively, in this study. Most HPV-positive patients aged 1-86 were in the 30-39 age group. This study confirmed that HPV prevalence in Liaocheng men was common and diverse. HPV16, HPV52, and HPV59 are widely distributed in Liaocheng men, and the male HR-HPV infection rate remained high in this region. Regarding public health and cancer prevention, it is recommended and effective to include the HPV vaccination in the national vaccination program for men.

Many studies on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have revealed that gas transport behaves differently at the nanoscale compared to the macroscale. While traditional gas transport models do not account for the effect of adsorption, as the adsorbed gases at the macroscopic level are relatively minor and can be ignored, the significant specific surface area of nanochannels leads to a significant increase in the proportion of adsorbed gases. Therefore, the impact of adsorption on gas transport must be taken into consideration. In this study, the diffusion and adsorption behaviors of different gas molecules inside CNTs of different diameters were simulated based on equilibrium molecular dynamic and Grand canonical Monte Carlo methods. The transport diffusion coefficients of gases were calculated using flux correlation functions, and the surface diffusion coefficients of gases were derived by combining with rarefied gas kinetics. The results show that the transport diffusion coefficients of gases in carbon nanotubes are several times or even one order of magnitude higher than those calculated by Knudsen's equation, and the surface diffusion of adsorbed molecules in carbon nanotubes is responsible for the rapid transport, and for the first time, the surface diffusion coefficient of different adsorbed gases in CNTs at different pressures and diameters is derived.

As a significant sink of seawater magnesium, δ26Mg values of syndepositional marine dolomites can be utilized to reconstruct seawater Mg isotope composition in the past. This, in turn, may serve as a good tracer for the Mg cycle throughout Earth’s history. Furthermore, δ26Mg values of ancient dolomites precipitated in different depositional environments may help in reconstructing the paleo-conditions that prevailed in these environments, in particular, the hydrology and restriction conditions of ancient sedimentary basins.In this study, we collected Middle Ordovician marine dolomite samples from five profiles distributed in the different locations of the Ordos Basin, North China Plate. During the Ordovician, marine carbonates were deposited in the whole area of the Ordos Basin under different sedimentary settings that can be generally divided into open marine settings, a dolomite platform, and a saline gypsum lake. After systematic petrology observation (optic and cathode luminescence microscope), we microdrilled fine-crystallized dolomite to conduct chemistry and Mg isotope analyses. The dolomites from profile #1, which were deposited in an open marine environment, exhibit the lowest δ26Mg values between -2.31‰ to -2.21‰. The δ26Mg values of dolomite samples are generally heavier toward the more evaporitic center of the basin. The highest δ26Mg values (-1.84‰ to -1.70‰) were measured in samples from profile #5 located in the saline gypsum lake area.We suggest that this gradient of δ26Mg values from the outer parts of the basin toward the center is resulting from a prior formation of dolomite in open versus gradually more restricted settings. Dolomite is enriched in the lighter isotope, 24Mg, relative to its precipitating solution. Thus, under restricted settings, dolomite formation will increase the δ26Mg value of the remaining dissolved Mg in the solution and consequently, also the δ26Mg values of further precipitating dolomites. This further suggests that the Mg isotope composition of dolomite can be used to reconstruct the enclosure degree of ancient evaporitic basins. Together with the observation that δ26Mg values of dolomite samples from profile #1 vary in a narrow range of 0.10‰ between different formations, this also suggests that profile #1 located in open marine settings can be utilized to reconstruct the Mg isotope signature of seawater during the Middle Ordovician.

With increased breeding density, the phenomenon of hypoxia gradually increases in aquaculture. Hypoxia is primarily mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. Prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHD) are cellular oxygen-sensing molecules that regulate the stability of HIF-1α through hydroxylation. In this study, the characterization of the PHD2 from mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi (scPHD2) and its roles in the HIF-1 signaling pathway were investigated. Bioinformation analysis showed that scPHD2 had the conserved prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha subunit homolog domains at its C-terminal and was more closely related to other Perciformes PHD2 than other PHD2. Tissue-distribution results revealed that scphd2 gene was expressed in all tissues tested and more highly expressed in blood and liver than in other tested tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter gene and RT-qPCR assays showed that scPHD2 overexpression could significantly inhibit the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that scPHD2 could interact with scHIF-1α. Protein degradation experiment results suggested that scPHD2 could promote scHIF-1α degradation through the proteasome degradation pathway. This study advances our understanding of how the HIF-1 signaling pathway is regulated by scPHD2 and will help in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia adaptation in teleost fish.

Background Lung cross-section is one of the emphases and challenges in sectional anatomy. Identification of the complex arrangement of intrapulmonary tubes such as bronchi, arteries, and veins in the lungs requires the spatial imagination of students. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has become increasingly used in anatomy education. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of 3D-printed specimens used for the experimental teaching of sectional anatomy. Methods A digital thoracic dataset was obtained and input into a 3D printer to print multicolor specimens of the pulmonary segment after software processing. As research subjects, 119 undergraduate students majoring in medical imaging from classes 5–8 in the second-year were chosen. In the lung cross-section experiment course, 59 students utilized 3D printed specimens in conjunction with traditional instruction as the study group, while 60 students received traditional teaching as the control group. Preclass and postclass tests, course grading, and questionnaire surveys were used to assess instructional efficacy. Results We obtained a set of pulmonary segment specimens for teaching. The students in the study group scored better in the postclass test than those in the control group (P P P Conclusion The application of high-precision multicolor 3D-printed specimens of lung segments in experimental teaching of sectional anatomy can improve teaching effectiveness and is worth adopting and promoting in sectional anatomy courses.

With the targets of petroleum exploration transferred to the deep and ancient strata, abundant oil and gas resources have been found in the Lower Paleozoic and older strata in central and western China. Due to complex evolutionary processes including multiple episodes of hydrocarbon accumulation and ubiquitously accompanied by secondary alterations, significant uncertainties were remained for the generation time and accumulation processes of these revealed petroleum. In this paper, relative pure Re and Os elements existing in the asphaltene fractions of Lower Cambrian solid bitumen collected from the Guangyuan area, western Sichuan Basin, SW China and another Middle–Lower Ordovician heavy oils in the Aiding area of the Tahe oilfield in the Tarim Basin, NW China were successfully obtained by the sample pre-treatments, and Re–Os isotopic analysis was subsequently carried out for the dating of these two petroleum. The Re–Os isotopic composition indicates a generation time of Guangyuan bitumen to locate between 572 Ma and 559 Ma, corresponding to the late Sinian period of Neoproterozoic era. By the means of Re–Os isochron ages, initial 187Os/188Os ratios, and carbon isotopic compositions, the Lower Cambrian bitumen is supposed to be originated from source rocks of the Doushantuo Formation in the Sinian strata and subsequently migrated into the reservoirs of Dengying Formation. These previously reserved petroleum had been transformed to present bitumen by the destruction of reservoirs caused by tectonic uplift. The Re–Os dating results of Middle–Lower Ordovician heavy oil of Tarim Basin supposed that it was formed between 450 Ma to 436 Ma, corresponding to the Late Ordovician–Early Silurian system, and the generated petroleum is likely to migrate into the Middle–Lower Ordovician karst reservoirs to form early oil reservoirs. With tectonic uplift, these oil reservoirs were degraded and reformed to be present heavy oil reservoirs.

Suppressive myeloid cells inhibit antitumor immunity by preventing T-cell responses. Immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3; also known as LILRB4) is highly expressed on tumor-associated myeloid cells and promotes their suppressive phenotype. However, the ligand that engages ILT3 within the tumor microenvironment and renders tumor-associated myeloid cells suppressive is unknown. Using a screening approach, we identified fibronectin as a functional ligand for ILT3. The interaction of fibronectin with ILT3 polarized myeloid cells toward a suppressive state, and these effects were reversed with an ILT3-specific antibody that blocked the interaction of ILT3 with fibronectin. Furthermore, ex vivo treatment of human tumor explants with anti-ILT3 reprogrammed tumor-associated myeloid cells toward a stimulatory phenotype. Thus, the ILT3–fibronectin interaction represents a “stromal checkpoint” through which the extracellular matrix actively suppresses myeloid cells. By blocking this interaction, tumor-associated myeloid cells may acquire a stimulatory phenotype, potentially resulting in increased antitumor T-cell responses.

Supplementary Table from The Fibronectin–ILT3 Interaction Functions as a Stromal Checkpoint that Suppresses Myeloid Cells

Supplementary Figure from The Fibronectin–ILT3 Interaction Functions as a Stromal Checkpoint that Suppresses Myeloid Cells

Unprecedented advances have been made in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of cancer. However, the overall benefits from ICIs are impaired by the increasing incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although several factors and mechanisms have been proposed in the development of irAEs, there is still incomprehensive understanding of irAEs. Therefore, it is urgent to identify certain risk factors and biomarkers that predict the development of irAEs, as well as to understand the underlying mechanisms of these adverse events. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge about clinical features and the related risk factors of irAEs. Particularly, we also discuss relevant mechanisms of irAEs and address the mechanism-based strategies, aiming to develop a tailored management approach for irAEs.

Background The COVID‐19 pandemic forced Veterans Health Administration facilities to rapidly adopt and deploy telehealth alternatives to provide continuity of care to veterans while minimizing physical contact. The impact of moving to virtual visits on patients with congestive heart failure (HF) is unknown. The goal of this study was to understand how patients with HF and their providers experienced the shift to telehealth for managing a chronic condition, and to inform best practices for continued telehealth use. Methods and Results We identified Veterans Health Administration Medical Centers with high telehealth use before COVID‐19 and sites that were forced to adopt telehealth in response to COVID‐19, and interviewed cardiology providers and veterans with HF about their experiences using telehealth. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using team‐based rapid content analysis. We identified 3 trajectory patterns for cardiology telehealth use before and during COVID‐19. They were the low‐use class (low to low), high‐use class (relatively high to higher), and increased‐use class (low to high). The high‐use and increased‐use classes fit the criteria for sites that had high telehealth use before COVID‐19 and sites that rapidly adopted telehealth in response to COVID‐19. There were 12 sites in the high‐use class and 4 sites in the increased‐use class. To match with the number of sites in the increased‐use class, we selected the top 4 sites by looking at the months before COVID‐19. We identified 3 themes related to telehealth use among patients with HF and cardiology providers: (1) technology was the primary barrier for both patients and providers; (2) infrastructural support was the primary facilitator for providers; and (3) both patients and providers had largely neutral opinions on how telehealth compares to in‐person care but described situations in which telehealth is not appropriate. Conclusions Only 12 sites fit the criteria of high telehealth use in cardiology before COVID‐19, and 4 fit the criteria of low use that increased in response to COVID‐19. Patients and providers at both site types were largely satisfied using telehealth to manage HF. Understanding best practices for managing ambulatory care–sensitive conditions through virtual visits can help the Veterans Health Administration prepare for long‐term impacts of COVID‐19 on in‐person visits, as well as improve access to care for veterans who live remotely or who have difficulty traveling to in‐person appointments.

Since the 1950s, major breakthroughs have been made in the field of carbonate oil and gas exploration, and large reservoirs have been found in carbonate strata in many countries; however, the validity of highly evolved carbonate source rocks has been controversial. Because of the loss of organic carbon during acid-solution processing in conventional total organic carbon (TOC) determination, we decided to use a new method of reducing acid-solution losses in order to more effectively quantify acid-soluble organic matter in carbonate rock samples. Different levels of acid-soluble organic matter were present in different types of samples, and there was no positive correlation between the content of acid-soluble organic matter and conventionally measured TOC values. However, the thermal evolutionary maturity of samples with high acid-soluble organic matter content is relatively low, and the high hydrocarbon generation conversion rate of acid-soluble organic matter and conventional TOC in carbonate rocks is an important reason for the low residual TOC in highly evolved carbonate rocks. The new method is helpful in re-evaluating the abundance of organic matter in carbonate rocks and in providing evidence for studying hydrocarbon generation and the hydrocarbon capacity of carbonate source rocks.

With a long epidemic history and a large number of dengue cases, Guangzhou is a key city for controlling dengue in China. The demographic information regarding dengue cases, and the genomic characteristics of the envelope gene of dengue viruses, as well as the associations between these factors were investigated from 2010 to 2019, to improve the understanding of the epidemiology of dengue in Guangzhou. Demographic data on 44,385 dengue cases reported to the Notifiable Infectious Disease Report System were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics v. 20. Dengue virus isolates from patient sera were sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using PhyML 3.1. There was no statistical difference in the risk of dengue infection between males and females. Unlike other areas in which dengue is endemic, the infection risk in Guangzhou increased with age. Surveillance identified four serotypes responsible for dengue infections in Guangzhou. Serotype 1 remained prevalent for most of the study period, whereas serotypes 3 and 4 were prevalent in 2012 and 2010, respectively. Different serotypes underwent genotype and sublineage shifts. The epidemiological characteristics and phylogeny of dengue in Guangzhou suggested that although it has circulated in Guangzhou for decades, it has not been endemic in Guangzhou. Meanwhile, shifts in genotypes, rather than in serotypes, might have caused dengue epidemics in Guangzhou.

Despite a lot of research on the antibacterial effect of Fe

Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests were conducted on pre-rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy at 150–350 ℃ with strain rates of 2150s-1, 3430s-1 and 4160s-1. The mechanical response, microstructural evolution and accommodation mechanism of the pre-rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy under high-speed impact loading were investigated. The twin and shear band are prevailing at low temperature, and the coexistence of twins and recrystallized grains is the dominant microstructure at medium temperature, while at high temperature, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is almost complete. The increment of temperature reduces the critical condition difference between twinning and DRX, and the recrystallized temperature decreases with increasing strain rate. The mechanical response is related to the competition among the shear band strengthen, the twin strengthen and the fine grain strengthen and determined by the prevailing grain structure. The fine grain strengthen could compensate soften caused by the temperature increase and the reduction of twin and shear band. During high-speed deformation, different twin variants, introduced by pre-rolling, induce different deformation mechanism to accommodate plastic deformation and are in favor for non-basal slip. At low temperature, the high-speed deformation is achieved by twinning, dislocation slip and the following deformation shear band at different deformation stages. At high temperature, the high-speed deformation is realized by twinning and dislocation slip of early deformation stage, transition shear band of medium deformation stage and DRX of final deformation stage.

In the process of Ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission, the direct current (DC) bias of power transformer is easily induced, which makes the transformer exciting current distorted, the ferromagnetic material saturated and the magnetic leakage increased, and then leads to the increase of core vibration and noise. Aiming at this problem, taking a 240 MVA, 330 kV three-phase five-column power transformer as an example, the coupling of the electromagnetic field, structural force field and acoustic field is studied, and the influence of DC bias on vibration and noise of power transformer core is analyzed in this paper. According to the magnetic density and electric density of transformer core under different magnetic bias degree, the structural force field is solved, and the displacement and surface acceleration of core are obtained, which can be as the excitation of sound field to determine the noise distribution of transformer. In order to avoid the natural frequencies which easily cause resonance, the modal analysis is needed to obtain the natural frequencies and modal modes of the core. The transformer noise under no-load and DC bias conditions of the prototype is tested experimentally and compared with the theoretical calculation, the results prove the accuracy of the simulation calculation method in this paper.

A strong rhizome can enhance the ability of a plant to resist drought, low temperature, and other stresses, as it can help plants rapidly obtain water and nutrients. Poa pratensis var. anceps Gaud....

The introduction of tin (Sn) into Zn-based catalyst can change its intrinsic properties of the electrochemically reduction of CO2 to CO, obtaining a high formate yield. The electron transfer from Zn to Sn lowers down the d-band center of Sn, leading to a more reliable surface adsorption of the *OCHO intermediate and resulting high formate selectivity. The obtained ZnSn catalyst enables formate formation with a drastically boosted Faradaic efficiency (FE) up to 94%, which is 2.04 and 1.34 times of pure Zn and Sn foils, respectively, indicating a synergistic effect between Zn and Sn. During the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) process, the morphology of the ZnSn catalyst evolved from nanoparticles to nanosheets, nanoneedles and collapsed structures, corresponding to the activation, stabilization and decay stages, respectively. This study provides a facile and controllable approach for the construction of novel bimetallic catalyst favoring formate selectivity based on the synergistic effect.