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Unlike grid-following converters, the grid-forming converter is operated as a synchronous voltage source, which can effectively improve the stability of power-electronics-dominated power systems, and hence, has attracted much research attention in recent years. As a basis of the large-scale implementation of grid-forming converters, there should be an in-depth understanding of its stability under different grid strengths as well as different grid disturbances. This article performs a comprehensive overview of the stability studies of grid-forming converters from the perspective of existence of equilibrium points, small-signal stability, and transient stability. On top of this, stabilization control solutions of grid-forming converters are also summarized. In the end, perspectives on the prospects and challenges of stability analysis of grid-forming converters are shared.

In solid materials, nontrivial topological states, electron correlations, and magnetism are central ingredients for realizing quantum properties, including unconventional superconductivity, charge and spin density waves, and quantum spin liquids. The Kagome lattice, made up of connected triangles and hexagons, can host these three ingredients simultaneously and has proven to be a fertile platform for studying diverse quantum phenomena including those stemming from the interplay of these ingredients. In this review, we introduce the fundamental properties of the Kagome lattice as well as discuss the complex observed phenomena seen in several emergent material systems such as the intertwining of charge order and superconductivity in some Kagome metals, modulation of magnetism and topology in some Kagome magnets, and symmetry breaking with Mott physics in the breathing Kagome insulators. We also highlight many open questions in the field as well as future research directions of Kagome systems.

To verrify the anti-tumor efficacy and toxicity between juglone (Jug) and Jug-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (Jug-PLGA-NPs).Jug-PLGA-NPs were prepared by ultrasonic emulsification. The anti-tumor activity of Jug (2, 3, 4 µg/mL) and Jug-PLGA-NPs (Jug: 2, 3, 4 µg/mL) in vitro was measured by MTT assay and cell apoptosis analysis. The distribution, anti-tumor effect and biological safety in vivo was evaluated on A375 nude mice.With the advantage of good penetration and targeting properties, Jug-PLGA-NPs significantly inhibited proliferation and migration of melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo (P0.05 or P0.01) with acceptable biocompatibility.Jug can inhibit the growth of melanoma but is highly toxic. With the advantage of sustained release, tumor targeting, anti-tumor activity and acceptable biological safety, Jug-PLGA-NPs provide a new pharmaceutical form for future application of Jug.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223231173628 for Psychological morbidity and chronic cough: which is predominant? A comparison of clinical characteristics by Tongyangzi Zhang, Heng Wu, Wanzhen Li, Xing Cui, Yiqing Zhu, Shengyuan Wang, Wenbo Shi, Siwan Wen, Cuiqin Shi, Xianghuai Xu and Li Yu in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223231173628 for Psychological morbidity and chronic cough: which is predominant? A comparison of clinical characteristics by Tongyangzi Zhang, Heng Wu, Wanzhen Li, Xing Cui, Yiqing Zhu, Shengyuan Wang, Wenbo Shi, Siwan Wen, Cuiqin Shi, Xianghuai Xu and Li Yu in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

The theoretical calculation is introduced in detail

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-taj-10.1177_20406223231173628 for Psychological morbidity and chronic cough: which is predominant? A comparison of clinical characteristics by Tongyangzi Zhang, Heng Wu, Wanzhen Li, Xing Cui, Yiqing Zhu, Shengyuan Wang, Wenbo Shi, Siwan Wen, Cuiqin Shi, Xianghuai Xu and Li Yu in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-taj-10.1177_20406223231173628 for Psychological morbidity and chronic cough: which is predominant? A comparison of clinical characteristics by Tongyangzi Zhang, Heng Wu, Wanzhen Li, Xing Cui, Yiqing Zhu, Shengyuan Wang, Wenbo Shi, Siwan Wen, Cuiqin Shi, Xianghuai Xu and Li Yu in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

The current ghost imaging phase reconstruction schemes require either complex optical systems, Fourier transform steps, or iterative algorithms, which may increase the difficulty of system design, cause phase retrieval error or take too much time. To address this problem, we propose a five-step phase-shifting method in which no complex optical systems, Fourier transform steps, or iterative algorithms are needed. With five designed incoherent sources, one can obtain five different corresponding ghost imaging patterns, then the phase information of the object can be calculated from those five speckle patterns. The applicability of this theoretical proposal is demonstrated via numerical simulations with two kinds of complicated objects, and the results illustrate the phase information of the complicated object can be reconstructed successfully and quantitatively.

Computer-controlled ultra-precision polishing technology is widely used for high-quality surface processing. However, its polishing tool has some shortcomings, such as limited adaptability and more surface damage to the complex surface. Therefore, a new smart material-based abrasive tool named magnetorheological elastic polishing composites (MREPCs) and its flexible polishing method is proposed. This study first prepared MREPCs and developed a polishing tool for MREPCs. Then, the material properties of MREPCs were obtained by theoretical and experimental analysis, and the tool influence function (TIF) of the hemispherical MRPECs was established according to the Hertz contact theory, the variable rheological theory, and the Preston equation. Finally, the TIF and the polishing performance of MREPCs were verified by polishing experiments. The results show that the theoretical and the experimentally measured TIF models have a high coincidence, and the developed MREPCs can remove surface material with high precision. The above preliminary study indicates that MREPCs are promising for ultra-precision machining of small-sized parts with complex profiles.

With the increase in demand for various types of small-aperture aspherical optical parts, the machining of a small tungsten carbide alloy mould with high accuracy is not only required, but essential. Ultra-precision grinding is generally used to process the small tungsten alloy aspheric mould, but there are some grinding marks and surface defects left by grinding. Aimed at the problems above, this paper introduce a new compound processing technology which integrates ultra-precision grinding and oblique-axis magnetorheological polishing technology on the same machine tool. First, we developed the machining equipment of oblique-axis ultra-precision grinding and magnetorheological polishing, and then, we analyzed the surface accuracy, surface roughness, microstructure and subsurface damage of tungsten alloy aspheric mould after grinding and polishing. The experimental results indicated that the surface accuracy of workpiece was improved to smaller than 200 nm in PV value, surface roughness Ra was reduced to about 1 nm after using the compound processing technology.

Structured (tabular) data in the preclinical and clinical domains contains valuable information about individuals and an efficient table-to-text summarization system can drastically reduce manual efforts to condense this data into reports. However, in practice, the problem is heavily impeded by the data paucity, data sparsity and inability of the state-of-the-art natural language generation models (including T5, PEGASUS and GPT-Neo) to produce accurate and reliable outputs. In this paper, we propose a novel table-to-text approach and tackle these problems with a novel two-step architecture which is enhanced by auto-correction, copy mechanism and synthetic data augmentation. The study shows that the proposed approach selects salient biomedical entities and values from structured data with improved precision (up to 0.13 absolute increase) of copying the tabular values to generate coherent and accurate text for assay validation reports and toxicology reports. Moreover, we also demonstrate a light-weight adaptation of the proposed system to new datasets by fine-tuning with as little as 40\% training examples. The outputs of our model are validated by human experts in the Human-in-the-Loop scenario.

The existing slope safety monitoring studies mainly focus on long-term monitoring of slowly evolving horizontal deformations. However, during the practical applications, sudden deformations may also lead to landslides due to the natural and man-made trigger factors. This article first proposes a reusable and distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inclinometer for simultaneous measurement of horizontal deformation and vibration induced by sudden deformation, providing more extensive monitoring for slopes. The proposed inclinometer utilizes ten FBG tilt sensors in series as measuring elements, which are characterized by easy installation and removal, thus making them reusable and eliminating excessive waste. A signal decomposition method is presented for splitting the coupled signal of the tilt sensor into two parts: the inclination angle signal and the vibration signal. The inclination angle signals can be converted to distributed horizontal deformation through a cumulative algorithm. And the vibration intensity can be inferred from the vibration signal. The measuring principle, structure design, and calibration experiment of the inclinometer were present in detail. A distributed horizontal deformation generating device with high precision was specially developed to simulate the internal deformation of slope. Verification experiments further validated the feasibility of the proposed inclinometer for simultaneous measurement of horizontal deformation and vibration induced by sudden deformation.

Additional file 5: Full-length gels and blots.

The Kagome lattice is an important fundamental structure in condensed matter physics for investigating the interplay of electron correlation, topology, and frustrated magnetism. Recent work on Kagome metals in the AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) family, has shown a multitude of correlation-driven distortions, including symmetry breaking charge density waves and nematic superconductivity at low temperatures. Here we study the new Kagome metal Yb0.5Co3Ge3 and find a temperature-dependent kink in the resistivity that is highly similar to the AV3Sb5 behavior and is commensurate with an in-plane structural distortion of the Co Kagome lattice along with a doubling of the c-axis. The space group is found to lower from P6/mmm to P63/m below the transition temperature, breaking the in-plane mirror planes and C6 rotation, while gaining a screw axis along the c-direction. At very low temperatures, anisotropic negative magnetoresistance is observed, which may be related to anisotropic magnetism. This raises questions about the types of the distortions in Kagome nets and their resulting physical properties including superconductivity and magnetism.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Tables.

Additional file 1: Supplementary 1. Phenotypes of interest: list of 279 potential adverse drug events (ADEs). Supplementary 2. PMIDs selected by searching criteria explained in (Table 1 Abstract Inclusion-Exclusion criteria). Supplementary 3. Abstracts selected by using the other searching criteria (Not Table 1 Abstract Inclusion-Exclusion criteria). Supplementary 4. Annotation guidelines to annotate a phenotype definition in the literature. Supplementary 5. Entities and terms in the 86 abstracts using PubTator annotation tool.

Slope instabilities are a common occurrence in hilly areas, mine, and dam region, which bring a grave threat to the safety of transportation business and human life. The effective slope monitoring methods and instruments can provide information on the current deformation and historical trends, which is important scientific information for researchers to analyze slope stability and provide a timely warning to the public. Optical fiber sensors (OFSs) have attracted many researchers to explore due to their unique advantages in comparison with conventional electronic-based sensing technologies, such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, remote transmission, easy integration, and high sensitivity. This review presents an overview of the latest development and application of OFS-based slope deformation monitoring from two aspects: 1) fiber Bragg grating-based sensing and monitoring technology and 2) distributed OFSs including Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry and Brillouin optical time domain analysis for slope monitoring. Meanwhile, current challenges in implementing the OFS-based slope monitoring technology are discussed.

Magnetorheological elastic polishing composites, a new type of polishing material using magnetorheological elastomers as a binder, were developed to solve the problems of low processing efficiency and difficulty controlling the machining process in current polishing technology. A set of heat–magnet–force-coupled devices was designed and used to prepare isotropic and anisotropic silicon rubber–based magnetorheological elastic polishing composites by magnetic field–assisted compression molding technology. Then, the microstructure and properties of magnetorheological elastic polishing composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscope, electronic universal testing machine, and microscratch tester. The results show that magnetorheological elastic polishing composite is a polymer-based composite composed of rubber and micro/nanoparticles, and the magnetic field applied during the preparation process causes the interior of the magnetorheological elastic polishing composites to appear as chains and columns formed by iron particles. The compressive elastic modulus and scratch resistance of magnetorheological elastic polishing composites increase with the increase in the surrounding magnetic field strength. The main reason for the above phenomena is related to the change in the microstructure of magnetorheological elastic polishing composites induced by an external magnetic field. Finally, a simple application of magnetorheological elastic polishing composites in polishing proves that magnetorheological elastic polishing composites can be applied to mechanical processing to achieve magnetically controlled polishing.

When the vehicle is only affected by road conditions and its own speed, in the low temperature rain and snow weather. In order to clarify the order of the importance of each influencing factor at the exit section of the tunnel on the driving stability, this article uses the analytic hierarchy process to sort them. The results show that the order of importance is: Friction coefficient μs > driving speed ν (m/s)> circular curve radius R (m), longitudinal slope i (%). According to the sorting results, targeted safeguard measures can be provided for the tunnel design, operation and use process.

Since the mapping relationship between definitized intra-interventional X-ray and undefined pre-interventional Computed Tomography(CT) is uncertain, auxiliary positioning devices or body markers, such as medical implants, are commonly used to determine this relationship. However, such approaches can not be widely used in clinical due to the complex realities. To determine the mapping relationship, and achieve a initializtion post estimation of human body without auxiliary equipment or markers, proposed method applies image segmentation and deep feature matching to directly match the X-ray and CT images. As a result, the well-trained network can directly predict the spatial correspondence between arbitrary X-ray and CT. The experimental results show that when combining our approach with the conventional approach, the achieved accuracy and speed can meet the basic clinical intervention needs, and it provides a new direction for intra-interventional registration.

The superconducting analog to the semiconducting diode, the Josephson diode, has long been sought, with multiple avenues to realization proposed by theorists. Exhibiting magnetic-field free, single directional superconductivity with Josephson coupling of the supercurrent across a tunnel barrier, it would serve as the building-block for next-generation superconducting circuit technology. Here we realized the field-free Josephson diode using an inversion symmetry breaking heterostructure of $\mathrm{NbSe_2/Nb_3Br_8/NbSe_2}$. We demonstrate, for the first time without magnetic field, the junction can be superconducting in one direction while normal in the opposite direction. Based on that, half-wave rectification of a square-wave excitation was achieved with low switching current density ($~2.2\times 10^2 \mathrm{A/cm^2}$), high rectification ratio ($~10^4$) and high robustness (at least $10^4$ cycles). We also demonstrate symmetric $\Delta I_\mathrm{c}$ (the difference between positive and negative critical currents) behavior with field and the expected Fraunhofer current phase relation of a Josephson junction. This realization raises fundamental questions about the Josephson effect through an insulator when breaking symmetry, and opens the door to ultralow power, high speed, superconducting circuits for logic and signal modulation., Comment: 30 pages, 14 figures

Materials with transition metals in triangular lattices are of great interest for their potential combination of strong correlation, exotic magnetism and electronic topology. Kagome nets are of particular importance since the discovery of geometrically frustrated magnetism and topological band structures in crystals like Herbertsmithite and Fe3Sn2, respectively. KV3Sb5 was discovered to be a layered topological metal with a Kagome net of vanadium. Here, we fabricated Josephson Junctions (JJ) of K1-xV3Sb5 and induced superconductivity over long junction lengths. Through magnetoresistance and current vs. phase measurements, we observed magnetic field sweeping direction dependent magnetoresistance, and an anisotropic interference pattern with a Fraunhofer pattern for in-plane magnetic field, but a suppression of critical current for out-of-plane magnetic field. These results indicate an anisotropic internal magnetic field in K1-xV3Sb5 which influences the superconducting coupling in the junction, possibly giving rise to spin-triplet superconductivity. In addition, the observation of long-lived fast oscillations shows evidence of spatially localized conducting channels arising from edge states. These observations pave the way for studying unconventional superconductivity and Josephson device based on Kagome metals with electron correlation and topology.

Photoelectric theodolite is an important equipment to realize the measurement of aircraft motion trajectory in flight test. A single photoelectric theodolite with laser ranging equipment is usually used for tracking measurement. However, many factors may lead to abnormal or unavailable of laser ranging information in flight test, therefore, an accurate single station target trajectory measurement method based on eccentricity constraint is proposed. By installing the midline monitoring equipment in the aircraft taxiing datum line, the aircraft glide monitoring video is obtained, and the aircraft eccentricity is obtained through image analysis, which provides constraints for the single station positioning of photoelectric theodolite, so as to realize the accurate measurement of aircraft trajectory. The experimental results show that the method is simple, accurate and reliable. When the eccentricity accuracy is better than 5cm, the heading accuracy of single station measurement is better than 0.2m, and the elevation accuracy is better than 3cm, which can well meet the requirements of flight test.

The current research has two aims. First, to demonstrate the utility conditional nonparametric multilevel latent class analysis (NP-MLCA) for multi-site program evaluation using an empirical dataset. Second, to investigate how classification accuracy and parameter estimation of a conditional NP-MLCA are affected by six study factors: the quality of latent class indicators, the number of latent class indicators, level-1 covariate effects, cross-level covariate effects, the number of level-2 units, and the size of level-2 units. A total of 96 conditions was examined using a simulation study. The resulting classification accuracy rates, the power and type-I error of cross-level covariate effects and contextual effects suggest that the nonparametric multilevel latent class model can be applied broadly in multilevel contexts., 40 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables

The accurate assessment of peak-shaving capacity is the key for customers to gain profits in the market. In this light, a peak-shaving capacity assessment method for commercial buildings with consumption characteristics is proposed. Firstly, considering that the peak-shaving capacity of commercial buildings is inversely proportional to customers flow rate, the time-varying energy comfort index is established from the dimensions of environment, visual comfort and so on. Then, to achieve maximum benefits, a peak-shaving capacity assessment model in the day-ahead market for commercial buildings is constructed, and a time-division differentiation strategy for cold, hot and electricity load and battery are proposed accordingly. Finally, results from cases illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and the important role of battery as a flexible resource in response or transaction is proved meanwhile.

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical exploration technique used in a wide range of applications such as polar exploration, hydrogeological surveys, and archeological prospection. In recent years, it has been applied to tunnel construction for forecasting geological anomalies in front of the tunnel face. However, the application of GPR, forecasting geological anomalies in karst tunnels, has always been restricted by the problem of ambiguity. In the paper, based on the GPR investigation of highway tunnels in the karst areas in Guangxi, China, several GPR data of typical karst geological anomalies were selected as the analysis objective. The purpose of this study is twofold: to analyze and summarize the GPR attribute characteristics of typical geological anomalies by studies of laboratory tests and to introduce a new method for identifying different types of karst geological anomalies automatically in karst tunnel construction. Firstly, the attribute analysis technology of GPR is introduced, and the propagation law of electromagnetic waves in karst geological anomalies is studied from three perspectives: the time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain by using physical laboratory simulations. Then, an intelligent identification model for typical karst geological anomalies is established in accordance with a Gaussian process (GP). Results from the Gaussian classification of field cases indicate that the type of typical karst geological anomalies can be effectively identified via comparing model prediction probability. The findings of this research allow for quantitative description of the GPR interpretation of typical karst geological anomalies in tunnel advanced prediction.

With the development of social media tools and the pervasiveness of smart terminals, social media has become a significant source of information for many individuals. However, false information can spread rapidly, which may result in negative social impacts and serious economic losses. Thus, reducing the unfavorable effects of false information has become an urgent challenge. In this paper, a new competitive model called DMCU is proposed to describe the dissemination of information with constant updates in social media. In the model, we focus on the competitive relationship between the original false information and updated information, and then propose the priority of related information. To more effectively evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, data sets containing actual social media activity are utilized in experiments. Simulation results demonstrate that the DMCU model can precisely describe the process of information dissemination with constant updates, and that it can be used to forecast information dissemination trends on social media.

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based accelerometer technology receives much attention from various research communities. In this paper, we investigated an FBG accelerometer with high resonant frequency for mechanical equipment. A special steel tube-mass block elastic structure with two FBGs embedded has been designed for axial vibration sensing. The steel tube was fixed on the mass block and threaded pipe in the sensor by sintering and pre-stretched to serve as a spring element. Then, a sensor prototype has been manufactured and fully tested. Experimental results show that the sensor provides a high resonant frequency of 3806 Hz with a wide flat response region up to 1200 Hz, which is consistent with the theoretical value of 3993 Hz. The sensitivity of the sensor is 4.01 pm/g with a fitting linear correlation coefficient of 0.9997. Temperature change test and excitation test along the working direction and transverse direction have been carried out, which confirmed excellent anti-interference ability and temperature compensation ability of the sensor.

Under the action of an external magnetic field, the magnetic particles will be arranged along the direction of the magnetic field. The laws of physics that control these processes are well described in the literature. However, when the magnetic particles move in the fluid, the magnetic particles with different initial distances have different mutual influences, so there will be different laws of motion. Therefore, based on the motion theory of magnetic particles in Stokes fluid, this article discusses the motion law of the contact and separation of two circular magnetic particles in Newtonian fluid. First, we conduct theoretical and simulation modeling of two magnetic particles under the action of a uniform magnetic field, and verify the correctness of the simulation through experiments; secondly, we use numerical simulation to study the angle of repulsion and attraction of magnetic particles at different initial distances, and analyze at the same time the changes in the trajectory, speed, torque and force of magnetic particles in the process of motion are studied. Finally, the influence of external field conditions on the phenomenon of contact and separation of magnetic particles is studied. The study found that even when the initial angle between the magnetic particles is 90° with the direction of the magnetic field, the magnetic particles with different initial distances will repel under the action of repulsive force and then contact again and keep repelling these two states, a better explanation the reason for the agglomeration of magnetic particles at close range is explained.

The tip flows in modern gas turbines are primarily transonic under realistic conditions and significantly impact the overall thrust performance and safety of the turbines. This study is aimed at providing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying and controlling the tip flow characteristics. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) and Schlieren and oil flow visualizations were performed to reveal the basic structure of the tip flow fields. A computational fluid dynamics model was developed, and the experimental results validated its accuracy. FLUENT 18.0 was employed to apply the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model and perform two-dimensional calculations that furthered the investigation. The PIV and Schlieren visualization results indicated that the tip flow accelerated rapidly to the transonic level at the gap inlet separation when the gap pressure ratio exceeded 2.0. Furthermore, an oblique shock wave was generated when the transonic tip flow reattached and then reflected within the gap. The oil flow visualization provided the corresponding boundary layer behavior on the bottom wall. Additionally, the computation of the transonic tip flow with respect to various sizes and pressure values demonstrated that the Reynolds number is the key parameter that controls the gap flow field. The flow similarity existed as long as the Reynolds number remained constant. An in-depth analysis of the simulation improved the model performance at predicting the inlet separation size, discharge coefficient, and friction coefficient based on the Reynolds number. The study results provide a reference for the design and testing of engine blade gaps in real-world conditions.

Rationale: Primary granulocytic sarcoma of the breast is a rare and poor-prognosis malignancy. Clinicians do not have sufficient knowledge of this disease and often misdirect it as other soft tissue sarcomas or inflammation. Patient concerns: A 42-year-old female presented with a self-discovered asymptomatic growing and palpable right breast mass that had been present for 4 months. Diagnoses: The patient was diagnosed as primary myeloid sarcoma. Interventions: The patient received modified radical mastectomy in the right breast and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Pathological diagnosis is primary granulocytic sarcoma. Then the patient accepted acute myeloid leukemia-induction chemotherapy. Outcomes: The follow-up of this patient has no evidence of disease progression or spread during 1 year. Lessons: Granulocytic sarcoma in the breast tissue is rare. But it still should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any tumor in the breast. The present study discusses comprehensively the clinical and pathological characteristics to improve the understanding of myeloid sarcoma.

Nai-Li Wei,1,2,* Zi-Fang Quan,3,4,* Tong Zhao,1,* Xu-Dong Yu,4 Qiang Xie,1 Jun Zeng,1 Fu-Kai Ma,1 Fan Wang,1 Qi-Sheng Tang,1 Heng Wu,3 Jian-Hong Zhu11Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu China, 730030, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China; 4Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workBackground: Stress-related obesity might be related to the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenocortical axis and dysregulation of the metabolic system. Chronic stress also induces the dysregulation of the reward system and increases the risk of food addiction, according to recent clinical findings. However, few studies have tested the effect of chronic stress on food addiction in animal models.Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify whether chronic stress promotes food addiction or not and explore the possible mechanisms.Method: We applied adaily 2 hrsflashing LED irradiation stress to mice fed chow or palatable food to mimic the effect of chronic stress on feeding. After 1 month of chronic stress exposure, we tested their binge eating behaviors, cravings for palatable food, responses for palatable food, and compulsive eating behaviors to evaluate the effect of chronic stress on food addiction-like behaviors. We detected changes in the levels of various genes and proteins in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and lateral hypothalamus using qPCR and immunofluorescence staining, respectively.Results: Behaviors results indicated chronic stress obviously increased food addiction score (FAS) in the palatable food feeding mice. Moreover, the FAS had astrong relationship with the extent of the increase in body weight. Chronic stress increased the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1(CRFR1) was increased in the NAc shell and core but decreased in the VTA of the mice fed with palatable food. Chronic stress also increased expression of both dopamine receptor 2 (DR2) and mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in the NAc.Conclusion: Chronic stress aggravates the FAS and contributed to the development of stress-related obesity. Chronic stress drives the dysregulation of the CRF signaling pathway in the reward system and increases the expression of DR2 and MOR in the nucleus accumbens.Keywords: chronic stress, obesity, food addiction, dopamine receptor 2, mu-opioid receptor, nucleus accumbens

The PCI prognosis is significantly influenced by the instant mechanical behaviors of stenotic coronary artery and deployed stents, which could be used to strategically deploy stent based on verified structural and hemodynamics results in order to identify the optimal solution for each individual's anatomy. However, the instant mechanical behaviors of stenotic coronary artery and deployed stents could not be obtained directly from current examination techniques commonly used in clinical. In this paper, we expect to establish a patient-specific model to assess their instantaneous mechanical status. With additional advances computational simulations FEA models, including rigid guide catheter, six-folded balloon with conical tip, crimped and bended stent, stenotic coronary artery with soft plaques, were simulated through virtual mechanical expansion and recoil. The morphology changes of coronary lumen, strain and stress distributions of vessel involved by components, apposition of stent struts were analyzed. Results indicated that lumen in the stenotic region restored patency obviously. The maximum principal stress distribution of vessel mainly concentrated in the area with thicker plaque. The higher von Mises stress occurred in the corner of the strut and at the connection between different crowns. Slight malappositions were found in the proximal end. In conclusion, the instant mechanical behaviors of artery and stent could be obtained through virtual stenting approach, and that is proposal to contribute to choosing the best stenting schemes and predicting the clinical outcomes for a specific patient.

Current research on magnetic particles in magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) mainly focuses on the effect of particle distribution and arrangement on the mechanical properties. However, there are few studies on the chain formation mechanism of magnetic particles in MRE. In order to solve the above problems, we proposed a numerical simulation method to study the movement of magnetic particles in MRE. First, the force of the magnetic particles under the magnetic field was analyzed, and the magnetic particle movement model was established. Further, the change of the movement parameters of the particles during the contact process was obtained, including the changes of magnetic force, viscous force, displacement, and velocity. According to the analysis results, the critical angle of attraction and repulsion was determined, and the simulation results were verified by experiments. Finally, the effect of magnetic field strength, volume fraction and particle size on the chain formation of magnetic particles was simulated, it was found that the strength of the external magnetic field affected the efficiency of particle chain formation, and the volume fraction and particle size affected the morphology of the particle chain formation.

The development of secondary flow in a supersonic turbulent square duct is numerically investigated in this paper. By comparing with the experimental data, the RSM turbulent model is revealed to be able to predict the secondary flow induced by the anisotropy of turbulence. To identify the corner vortex, the vortex recognition method, Liutex, is employed to extract the vortex structures and their cores. The results show that the spatial development of the corner vortex in the square duct has two stages: the linear growth stage and the stable maintenance stage. Moreover, the propagation of vortex is restricted by the boundary layer and the size of the cross-section. For a square duct, the propagation of the corner vortex in the direction perpendicular to the nearest wall stabilizes first.

Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is an intelligent composite material and has been widely used in various fields such as vibration reduction and sensing. MRE has an excellent magnetorheological effect through the chaining of its internal magnetic particles. Current studies on MREs mainly focus on the preparation of materials and characterization of mechanical properties. However, very few studies have been conducted on the mechanism of magnetic particle motion during MRE curing. Based on the silicone rubber-based MRE, the motion mechanism of magnetic particles during curing was explored through numerical simulation. First, we analyzed the magnetic force and viscous force of magnetic particles in MRE and discussed the equations of motion of magnetic particles under applied magnetic field. Further, we established a uniform magnetic field model through the finite element method and simulated the motion of two magnetic particles under the magnetic field. Finally, we discussed the effects of particle distribution angles, particle radii, applied magnetic field strength, and distance between particles on particle velocity and displacement. The results show that the distance between particles has the greatest influence on the motion of magnetic particles, and the size of the distance between particles will affect the contact time of the particles, thus affecting the chain formation of magnetic particles in the MRE.

Protein conformational transitions are fundamental to the functions of many proteins, and computational methods are valuable for elucidating the transitions that are not readily accessible by experimental techniques. Here we developed accelerated sampling methods to calculate optimized all-atom protein conformational transition paths. Adaptively biased path optimization (ABPO) is a computational simulation method to optimize the conformational transition path between two states. We first examined the transition paths of three systems with relatively simple transitions. The ways to define reduced variables were explored and transition paths were built at convergence of the optimizations. We constructed the all-atom conformational transition path between the active and the inactive states of the Src kinase domain. The C helix rotation was identified as the main free energy barrier in the all‑atom system, and the intermediate conformations and key interactions along the transition path were analyzed. This is the first demonstration of the robustness of a computational method for calculating protein conformational transitions without restraints to a specified path. We also evaluated protein‑peptide interactions using both molecular dynamics simulations and peptide docking. Long unbiased simulations were used to evaluate Src‑SSP interactions and complex stability in both implicit and explicit solvent. Molecular docking was used to build possible protein‑peptide interaction models, using both Src regulatory domain SH2 and the kinase domain. Possible Src‑SSP complexes were built as the first Src‑substrate complex structure models.

This paper presents a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) displacement sensor with high abrasion resistance for displacement monitoring of a steel spring floating slab damping track. A wedge-shaped sliding block and an equal-strength beam form a conversion mechanism to transfer displacement to the deflection of the beam, and the deflection-induced strain is exerted on two FBGs. A special linear guide rail-slider and a precision rolling bearing have been adopted onto the conversion mechanism, which turned sliding friction into rolling friction and thus significantly reduced the friction during frequent alternating displacement measuring. Sensing principle and the corresponding theoretical derivation have been demonstrated. Experiment results show that the sensor has a sensitivity of 34.32 pm/mm and a high resolution of 0.0029 mm within a measurement range of 0~90 mm. Besides, the sensor has also a good measurement capability for micro-displacement within a range of 0~3 mm. The repeatability error and hysteresis error are 1.416% and 0.323%, respectively. Good creep resistance and high abrasion resistance for alternating displacement measurement have also been presented by a performance test. These excellent performances satisfy the requirements of high precision and long-term stability in structural health monitoring for machinery equipment and civil engineering, especially in the displacement monitoring of a floating slab damping track.

Consecutive explorations on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as the central blocks of organic photosensitizers have very recently brought forth a new opportunity towards efficiency enhancement of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). In this paper, to scrutinize the effects of ancillary electron-donors on light absorption and charge recombination in phenanthrocarbazole (PC) dye-sensitized solar cells, we synthesized three dyes with the respective pristine PC, fluorenyl functionalized PC, and carbazyl functionalized PC electron-donors in conjunction with the 4-(7-ethynylbenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)benzoic acid electron-acceptor. With respect to the reference dye only using PC as the electron-donor, attaching an ancillary electron-donor, 2-hexyldecyl tethering fluorenyl or carbazyl, to the free end of PC can result in a destabilized highest occupied molecular orbital energy level and a red-shifted absorption peak as well as an enhanced maximum molar absorption coefficient. The end-capping of PC with fluorenyl or carbazyl can also slow down the kinetics of charge recombination of titania electrons with both cobalt(III) ions and photooxidized dye molecules, giving rise to an increased photovoltage and an improved power conversion efficiency. Moreover, time-resolved photophysical measurements disclose that these styles of reducing energy-gaps do not exert influence on the yields of electron and hole injections.

An N-annulated indenoperylene electron-donor decorated with photochemically inactive segments is synthesized and further conjugated via triple bond with electron-acceptor benzothiadiazolylbenzoic acid for a metal-free donor/acceptor dye. Without use of any coadsorbate, the judiciously tailored indenoperylene dye achieves a high-power conversion efficiency of 12.5% under irradiance of 100 mW cm(-2) AM1.5G sunlight.

In the present study, the extraction and purification of saponins from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. were examined for effective utilization of the saponin resource. Saponins were extracted from S. mukorossi Gaertn. using water. The conditions of the water extraction process, including extraction temperature, extraction time, number of times of extraction, and solvent-material ratio were optimized. The yield of total Sapindus saponins (TSS) from the pericarp was 33.41 % and its purity in the extract was 45.71 %. The saponin solution was further concentrated to 1/6–1/7 of its original volume, and dried yeast BV818 that adapted to the concentrated Sapindus saponins solution (SW) was screened. The activation conditions, inoculum amount, fermentation temperature, and fermentation period were optimized. By using the dried yeast under optimized conditions, the purity was increased to 75.50 %. The yield of the byproduct ethanol was 5.33 % (w/v), while the content of TSS in the final product decreased from 18.29 to 15.30 % (w/v). These results could contribute to the development of industrial-scale production of Sapindus saponins.