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Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Screening ingredients at different concentrations for n-butanol-inspired small aperture scaffolds in vitro: a) Illustration of cell-scaffold complex preparation; b-j) dsDNA, total GAG, and total collagen content of different HA, COLI, and β-TCP mass ratios of the small aperture scaffolds after co-culturing with chondrocytes or BMSCs for seven days. * represents p < 0.05, ** represents p < 0.01, *** represents p < 0.001 and **** represents p < 0.0001. Fig. S2. The mass loss rate of RSF porous scaffolds in vitro under the action of type XIV collagenase at 37 ℃. a) It shows the RSF/HA group, and b) the RSF/COL group. c) Groups with RSF and β-TCP mass ratios of 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1. Fig. S3. Labelling rate detection of cell fluorescent probes by flow cytometry. a) 99.84% labelling rate of chondrocytes with a red fluorescent probe. b) 84.32% labelling rate of BMSCs with a green fluorescent probe. Fig. S4. mRNA-seq analysis. a) The overall distribution of differentially expressed genes in osteochondral samples from the control and E groups after 4.5 months is shown. Red represents significantly up-regulated differentially expressed genes, blue represents significantly down-regulated differentially expressed genes, and grey dots represent non-significantly differentially expressed genes. b) Compared to the control groups, the E groups have 968 differentially expressed genes, including 340 highly expressed genes and 628 low-expressed genes. Fig. S5. Cell identification. a) Immunofluorescencestaining of collagen type II, aggrecan, and SOX9 of the human chondrocyte line C28/I2. b) IF staining of collagen type II and aggrecan of rabbit chondrocytes from the knee joint.