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Experimental evidence shows that CuFe2O4 exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the SCR reaction.

Supercapacitors have received much attention as large-scale energy storage devices for high power density and ultralong cycling life. In this work, sodium vanadate Na

Co2VO4 with Co tetrahedrons and octahedrons of transition metal oxides has achieved progress in electrocatalysts and batteries. However, high metal-metal interactions make it challenging to maintain high reactivity as well as increase the conductivity and stability of supercapacitors. In this work, spinel-structured CoZn0.5V1.5O4 with a high specific surface area was synthesized through an ion-exchange process from the metal-organic frameworks of zinc-cobalt. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the replacement of transition metal by Zn can decrease the interaction between the transition metals, leading to a downshift in the π*-orbitals (V-O) and half-filled a1g orbitals near the Fermi level, thus increasing the conductivity and stability of CoZn0.5V1.5O4. As a supercapacitor electrode, CoZn0.5V1.5O4 exhibits high cycling durability (99.4% capacitance retention after 18,000 cycles) and specific capacitance (1100 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2). This work provides the possibility of designing octahedral and tetrahedral sites in transition metal oxides to improve their electrochemical performance.

Summary Armed with merits of the metals (e.g., electrical conductivity, catalytic activity, and plasmonic properties) and aerogels (e.g., monolithic structure, porous network, and large specific surface area), metal aerogels (MAs) have stood out as a new class of porous materials in the last decade. With unparalleled potential in electrocatalysis, plasmonics, and sensing, they are envisaged to revolutionize the energy- and detection-related application fields. However, MA development is severely retarded by the lack of a sufficient material basis. Suffering from the ambiguous understanding of formation mechanisms, big challenges remain for tailoring MAs for task-specific applications. By surveying state-of-the-art developments, this review strives to summarize design principles and arouse interest in broad scientific communities. Moreover, critical challenges and opportunities are highlighted to provide a research roadmap for this young yet promising field.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with limited treatment options and distinct geographical distribution even in countries such as China. Genetic alterations during its carcinogenesis need urgent elucidation. In this study, we propose an intriguing hypothesis that the hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) may function as an oncogene in GC. We harvested 45 GC tissues and matched the paracancerous tissues. The c-myc proto-oncogene (MYC) N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation was detected by m6A RNA immunoprecipitation and dot-blot assays. Expressions of HBXIP, methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) and MYC were all determined to be upregulated in both GC tissues and cells. Silencing HBXIP led to a decreased expression of METTL3, which inhibited GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion while promoting their apoptosis. Furthermore, METTL3 enhanced MYC m6A methylation and increased MYC translation, which could potentiate the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. Finally, the HBXIP knockdown impeded the tumorigenicity of GC cells in vivo. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that HBXIP plays an oncogenic role in GC via METTL3-mediated MYC mRNA m6A modification. The study offers a comprehensive understanding of HBXIP as a potential therapeutic target to limit GC progression.

Regulating chemical bonds to balance the adsorption and disassociation of water molecules on catalyst surfaces is crucial for overall water splitting in alkaline solution. Here we report a facile strategy for designing Ni2W4C-W3C Janus structures with abundant Ni–W metallic bonds on surfaces through interfacial engineering. Inserting Ni atoms into the W3C crystals in reaction progress generates a new Ni2W4C phase, making the inert W atoms in W3C be active sites in Ni2W4C for overall water splitting. The Ni2W4C-W3C/carbon nanofibers (Ni2W4C-W3C/CNFs) require overpotentials of 63 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 270 mV to reach 30 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolyte, respectively. When utilized as both cathode and anode in alkaline solution for overall water splitting, cell voltages of 1.55 and 1.87 V are needed to reach 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) results indicate that the strong interactions between Ni and W increase the local electronic states of W atoms. The Ni2W4C provides active sites for cleaving H–OH bonds, and the W3C facilitates the combination of Hads intermediates into H2 molecules. The in situ electrochemical-Raman results demonstrate that the strong absorption ability for hydroxyl and water molecules and further demonstrate that W atoms are the real active sites.

In recent years, basic education in Estonia has achieved balanced development despite the imbalance of structure and regional factors, and this phenomenon has made the Estonian educational system a general interest of international scholars. Based on the data from the 2018 Teacher Teaching International Survey (TALIS) database, this research divides 3,004 respondents in Estonia into rural teachers and urban teachers and explores the impact of public service motivation on teacher satisfaction from the perspective of urban-rural dual structure through the grouping and comparison of ordered regression models. The study finds that the three dimensions of public service motivations in Estonia will positively affect teacher satisfaction and that the influence coefficient of contribute to the society and the tendency to participate in education policies on teacher satisfaction is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. In addition, the satisfaction of rural teachers in Estonia will decrease with the age of teachers, and the satisfaction of male teachers will be significantly lower than the satisfaction of female teachers, while the satisfaction of urban teachers will decrease with the improvement of academic qualifications. In terms of the implications, on the one hand, Estonia's education policy attempts to solve the imbalance between the regional and teacher structure through subsidies and incentives; on the other hand, Estonia's education policy uses measures such as multidimensional evaluation, multichannel feedback, and local democratization to increase the teacher's participation as well as their satisfaction.

School climate’s dynamic effect on student is widely explored in the study in different subjects; however, quietly, a few types of research concentrate on comparing different dimensions of school climate’s effect on student and the influence path in different countries. To analyze and compare the school climate’s mechanism in different countries’ basic education system, this article used a comparative method to explore the explanation of school climate on school students’ performance. With the application of 73 countries’ panel data from the PISA database, the author calculated the different school climate combinations’ consistency and coverage in relation to school students’ performance by fs-QCA. The author found that the punctuality of students and the classroom discipline can explain the good performance of students. It also found that the combination of multidimensional school climate has a higher explanatory power than a single factor. Finally, this study ends with countermeasures and suggestions which include improving the school climate of the regional education system and improving the utility of school climate through the appropriate mix of school climate.

Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) has been extensively used as the cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). But the chemical dissolution of V2O5 in the electrolyte greatly restrains its electroch...

Zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1), a newly identified long non-coding RNA, is a transcript antisense to the 5' end of the protein-coding gene zinc finger NFX1-type containing 1 which hosts three C/D-box small nucleolar RNAs (SNORDs) within sequential introns: Snord12, Snord12b, and Snord12c. ZFAS1 is dysregulated and acts as either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor in different human malignancies. ZFAS1 has been implicated in many aspects of carcinogenesis, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle, and drug resistance. The mechanisms underlying the effects of ZFAS1 are complex and involve multiple signaling pathways. In this review, the multiple pathological functions of ZFAS1 in diverse malignancies are systematically reviewed to elucidate the molecular basis of its biological roles and to provide new directions for future research.

To establish a basic model to evaluate the effect of entrepreneurship upon the organizational innovation, applying transaction costs and intellectual property right protection as institutional moderating variables. By collecting data from GEM’s investigation, the dynamic connection between the entrepreneurship and innovation decision was explored and the differences in terms of innovation’s motivations were statistically compared between the North and emerging countries. The entrepreneurship exerted positive effect on entrepreneurs’ innovation decision. The decrease of transaction costs had positive moderating effect. With subsequent comparative analysis, the transaction costs exerted larger moderating effect, whereas intellectual property right protection had negative moderating effect in emerging countries. Individualized policy implications should be proposed according to the specific situations in emerging countries, which include adapting regional incubator, building information communication platform as well as applying appropriate intellectual property right protection.

With increasing world population, life-span of humans and spread of viruses, myriad of diseases in human beings are becoming more and more common. Because of the interesting chemical and framework versatility and porosity of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) they find application in varied areas viz. catalysis, sensing, metal ion/gas storage, chemical separation, drug delivery, bio-imaging. This subclass of coordination polymers having interesting three-dimensional framework exhibits inordinate potential and hence may find application in treatment and cure of cancer, diabetes Alzheimer's and other diseases. The presented review focuses on the diverse mechanism of action, unique biological activity and advantages of copper-based metal organic framework (MOF) nanomaterials in medicine. Also, different methods used in the treatment of cancer and other diseases have been presented and the applications as well as efficacy of copper MOFs have been reviewed and discussed. Eventually, the current-status and potential of copper based MOFs in the field of anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer therapy as well as further investigations going on for this class of MOF-based multifunctional nanostructures in for developing new nano-medicines have been presented.

In a previous study, we showed that transcription factor 21 (TCF21) is methylated and downregulated in human gastric cancer samples and serves as an independent prognostic factor. However, its biological role and potential mechanism in gastric cancer cells remain unexplored. In the current study, we examined TCF21 expression in 6 gastric cancer cell lines. The BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cell lines were selected for small interfering RNA and plasmid transfection, respectively. The results of the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay demonstrated that TCF21 inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis suggested that TCF21 inhibited cell cycle progression in gastric cancer cells. The Matrigel invasion assay demonstrated that TCF21 negatively regulated invasion. The cell adhesion assay showed that TCF21 increased cell adhesion. Gastric cancer cells were treated with cisplatin to explore the role of TCF21 in chemoresistance. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and AnnexinV/propidium iodide analyses showed that TCF21 overexpression sensitized SGC-7901 cells to cisplatin, whereas its depletion reduced sensitivity in BGC-823 cells. JC-1 staining was performed to measure the effect of TCF21 on mitochondrial potential. TCF21 downregulated mitochondrial membrane potential after treatment with cisplatin. Western blot analysis showed that TCF21 overexpression negatively regulated Bcl-xL, phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase, and phosphorylated AKT expression and induced caspase 3 cleavage. LY294002, an AKT inhibitor, blocked the effect of TCF21 on Bcl-xL, caspase 3 and CDDP-induced apoptosis. Nude mice experiments demonstrated that TCF21 inhibited gastric cancer growth in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggest that TCF21 inhibits gastric cancer growth and chemoresistance possibly through the AKT signaling pathway.

Transcription factor 21 (TCF21) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that binds to DNA and regulates cell differentiation and cell fate specification through mesenchymal-epithelial transition during development. The TCF21 gene is epigenetically inactivated in many types of human cancers and exerts a wide variety of functions, including the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, metastasis, cell cycle, and autophagy. This review focuses on research progress in relation to the roles of TCF21 in tumor development. We systematically consider multiple pathological functions of TCF21 in various cancers, revealing the molecular bases of its diverse biological roles and providing new directions for future research.

As one of the deadliest malignancies, gastric cancer (GC) is often accompanied by a low 5-year survival following initial diagnosis, which accounts for a substantial proportion of cancer-related deaths each year worldwide. Altered epigenetic modifications of cancer oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes emerge as novel mechanisms have been implicated the pathogenesis of GC. In the current study, we aim to elucidate whether histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) exerts oncogenic role in GC, and investigate the possible mechanism. Initially, we collected 64 paired cancerous and noncancerous tissues surgically resected from GC patients. Positive expression of HDAC3, FTO, and MYC in the tissues was measured using Immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, GC cell line BGC-823/AGS was selected and treated with lentivirus vectors for alteration of HDAC3, FTO, or FOXA2 expressions, followed by detection on mRNA and protein levels of HDAC3, FOXA2, FTO, and MYC using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot assays. The results demonstrated that the expressions of HDAC3, FTO and MYC were upregulated, while FOXA2 expression was downregulated in GC tissues and cells. After that, the cell viability, migration, and invasion of GC cells were assessed by CCK-8 and Transwell assays, revealing that HDAC3 accelerated GC cell viability, migration and invasion by degrading FOXA2. Subsequently, the binding relationship among HDAC3, FOXA2, FTO, and MYC was assessed by assays of immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter gene, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Methylation of m6A mRNA in GC cells was detected via gene-specific m6A qPCR and dot-blot assays. The transcription factor FOXA2 was found to bind to the FTO gene promoter and decreased its expression, while FTO stabilized MYC mRNA by reducing m6A methylation of MYC in GC cells. In addition, HDAC3 was observed to maintain the FTO/m6A/MYC signaling and regulated GC progression, which was also supported by in vivo animal study data of GC cell tumorigenesis in nude mice. These key observations uncover the tumor-initiating activities of HDAC3 in GC through its regulation on FOXA2-mediated FTO/m6A/MYC axis, highlighting the potential of therapeutically targeting epigenetic modifications to combat GC.

The triple helix (university-industry-government) is a dynamic cooperation model in the area of regional innovation. With the application of this model, the authors aim to address the mechanism of how multiple participants affect innovation efficiency against the research background of China Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fs-QCA) is applied to conduct a multiple-case analysis. With the evaluation of 31 provinces in China, which have various innovation performances and degrees of regional cooperation, the authors find strong evidence to support the positive effects of multiple participants on regional radical innovation. Moreover, this article also finds two typical configurations of factors that contribute to high innovation efficiency. Based on the results, the authors propose policy implications to improve China&rsquo, s regional innovation in different areas. Finally, this paper concludes with the discussion of future research orientations, which could focus on the differences in the triple helix among different industries in China.

A ether-bridged dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-{[1,2-phenylenebis-(methylene)]bis(oxy) dibenzoic acid (H2L), was used as highly versatile building block for the hydrothermal generation of a series of coordination polymeric architectures in thepresence of 1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole) (bbi) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). These were formulated as [Co2(L)2(bbi)·CH3CN]n (1), [Cu(L)(bbi)]n (2), [Co(L)(phen)(H2O)]n (3), and [Cu(L)(phen)(H2O)·2CH3CN]n (4), have been synthesized and characterized. Thenature of the N-donor building blocks and metal ions have a significant effect on the structural diversity. Photocatalytic properties of selected materials were investigated, showing that 2is a promising photocatalyst for the UV-light-driven degradation of methyl violet (MV) as a model organic dye pollutant.

A concept of experiment to tune the two-dimensional MoS2 into VMo2S4 via thermodynamic driven phase engineering by combining the facile electrospinning technology and S-vapor assisted graphitization process has been demonstrated. Compared to V doped MoS2 nanosheets, the VMo2S4 nanosheets show a superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity in alkaline electrolyte, reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at overpotential of 295 mV with Tafel slope of 97 mV dec−1. The VMo2S4 nanosheets also show superior water splitting activity with 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.65 V. The theoretical and experimental results reveal that the V introduction into interplane of MoS2 leads to the significant decrease in the energy barrier for *OOH formation (0.99 eV), thus suggesting the improved transformation from *OOH to O2.

The X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST/Xist) is one of the first long non-coding RNAs discovered in mammals and plays an essential role in X chromosome inactivation. XIST is dysregulated and acts as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor in different human malignancies. XIST is implicated in many aspects of carcinogenesis including tumor initiation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle, stemness, autophagy, and drug resistance. This review focuses on research progress on the roles of XIST in tumor development. The multiple pathological functions of XIST in various cancers are systematically reviewed to elucidate the molecular basis of its biological roles and to provide new directions for future research.

Neurotrophin receptor-interacting melanoma antigen-encoding protein (NRAGE) is a type II melanoma-associated antigen that plays an essential role in various processes, including cell differentiation and apoptosis. NRAGE has been shown to act as a cancer-related protein, with complex and apparently contradictory functions in a variety of cancers. In the current study, we examined the expression of NRAGE protein in 169 gastric cancer samples. NRAGE upregulation was correlated with advanced TNM stage, local invasion, and poor survival. Importantly, NRAGE could serve as an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer. We also examined the expression of NRAGE protein in GES-1 normal gastric epithelial cells and in six gastric cancer cell lines. Inhibition of NRAGE expression by transfection with small interfering RNA reduced the proliferation and invasion of MGC-803 and HGC-27 cells, as demonstrated by CCK-8 and Matrigel invasion assays. NRAGE depletion also sensitized HGC-27 and MGC-803 cells to cisplatin, as shown by CCK-8 and Annexin V/propidium iodide analyses. Western blot analysis also showed that NRAGE depletion negatively regulated Bcl-2 and p-ERK and upregulated ZO-1 and p27 expression levels. In conclusion, our results suggest that NRAGE acts as a tumor promoter in gastric cancer by facilitating cancer invasion and chemoresistance, possibly through regulation of p-ERK and Bcl-2.

Background and aim To observe the clinical value of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (HCcAg) levels in monitoring acute HCV infection in patients with spontaneous clearance (SC) or clearance induced by antiviral therapy. Methods Patients with iatrogenic HCV infection (n = 104) were enrolled at the Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, between 5 February 2013 and 3 April 2013. All cases were diagnosed with acute HCV infection, enrolled within 90 days of infection, and followed for 12 to 16 weeks. Blood was collected every month. HCV RNA and HCcAg levels were detected. From week 16, patients without SC were treated with pegylated-interferon and the HCV RNA and HCcAg levels were observed monthly. Follow-up was 7.5 (5.0 to 10.4) months. The Spearman correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation between HCV RNA and HCcAg. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of baseline HCV RNA and HCcAg levels with SC. Results Ten patients (9.62%) showed SC, with a negative conversion time of 57 (14 to 143) days. During follow-up, HCV RNA and HCcAg expression levels were positively correlated for each patient (except on the sixth month), but the levels of HCV RNA and HCcAg were not associated with HCV infection SC. Conclusions HCcAg levels could be of value for monitoring the course early HCV infection, but could not predict SC of HCV infection.

The effects of natural resources on regional sustainable development is widely discussed by scholars and policymakers. However, most of the researchers concentrated on economic growth and technical development, evidence of how natural resources affect the soft environment is relatively lacking. Different from the neo-classical economics perspective of resource allocation, we used the evolutionary economics scope of factor creation and historical evolution to explore the effect on China&rsquo, s regional entrepreneurship laid by the natural resource distribution on the early stage of China. The resource curse is explained from the aspect of regional entrepreneurship development in China. Based on the provincial panel data from China, in China&rsquo, s industrial statistical yearbook and China&rsquo, s statistical yearbook, we applied PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model) to explore the path from natural resources to regional entrepreneurship. We also examined the mediating effect at the organizational scale, industry structure, the degree of regional openness, and the quality of human capital in the path between natural resource and entrepreneurship. The result shows that natural resources in the early-stage has negative effects on the growth of the entrepreneurship. Besides, industry structure and organizational scale are significant in terms of mediation effect in the path of the resource curse. An in-depth analysis is provided, and implications are discussed based on the results with the aim of revealing the mechanism and path-dependence of China&rsquo, s regional development. The implications of this research include the suggestion of adapt the industry structure and motivate start-ups.