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Elemental fragmentation cross sections (EFCSs) of stable and unstable nuclides have been investigated with various projectile-target combinations at a wide range of incident energies. These data are critical to constrain and develop the theoretical reaction models and to study the propagation of galactic cosmic rays (GCR). In this work, we present a new EFCS measurement for $^{28}$Si on carbon at 218~MeV/nucleon performed at the Heavy Ion Research Facility (HIRFL-CSR) complex in Lanzhou. The impact of the target thickness has been well corrected to derive an accurate EFCS. Our present results with charge changes $\Delta Z$ = 1-6 are compared to the previous measurements and to the predictions from the models modified EPAX2, EPAX3, FRACS, ABRABLA07, NUCFRG2, and IQMD coupled with GEMINI (IQMD+GEMINI). All the models fail to describe the odd-even staggering strength in the elemental distribution, with the exception of the IQMD+GEMINI model, which can reproduce the EFCSs with an accuracy of better than 3.5\% for $\Delta Z\leq5$. The IQMD+GEMINI analysis shows that the odd-even staggering in EFCSs occurs in the sequential statistical decay stage rather than in the initial dynamical collision stage. This offers a reasonable approach to understand the underlying mechanism of fragmentation reactions., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Correlation analysis between UPCR and 24 hUP in the training cohort stratified by gender and age. Supplementary Table 2. Comparison of the UPCR and NJ Equations in Estimating Measured 24-h protein in the validation cohort stratified by age and gender. Supplementary Table 3. Threshold of spot UPCR to detect different degrees of 24 hUP in the validation cohort (n = 1624).

Additional file 1. Table S1. Primers used for STK11 exons amplification and sequencing.

This The traditional initial shooting azimuth algorithm of the missile is different of the azimuth angle when calculating the azimuth angle, Multiple ballistic iteration processes are needed to make the placement of missiles meet the accuracy requirements of shooting, in view of the above problems, in this paper, an initial shooting azimuth optimization algorithm for long-range missiles considering the influence of earth rotation is proposed, Through simulation verification, It is proved that the method can converge quickly to the result of calculating the basic shooting data.

Additional file 1 Supplemental Table 1. The 139-gene panel used in the genetic test

For the problem of low speed of generating m-sequence in FPGA, this paper proposes a method for generating high-speed m-sequence. The method is based on sampling theorem of m sequence and shifting additivity, paralleling generation of multiple sets of m-sequences with different initial phases. finally, high-speed m-sequences are obtained by Module 2 adder. Based on the basic principle of m-sequence, this paper presents the hardware design of high-speed m-sequence generator, simulation by modelsim, The correctness of the above method is verified.

Rationale: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas, and its correct diagnosis is an area of interest for clinicians. In accordance with the revised Atlanta classification, acute pancreatitis can be diagnosed if at least 2 of the following 3 criteria are fulfilled: abdominal pain; serum lipase (or amylase) activity at least 3 times the upper limit of normal; or characteristic findings of acute pancreatitis on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or, less often, magnetic resonance imaging or transabdominal ultrasonography. Diagnostic imaging is essential in patients with no or slight enzyme elevation. If enzymes are normal in cases with abdominal distension, there is clinical doubt about the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, so an early CT scan should be obtained and other life-threatening disorders excluded. Patient concerns: A 50-year-old male presented with a 1-day history of abdominal bloating and distension. On physical examination, abdominal bulging and mild epigastric tenderness were detected. Laboratory evaluation showed normal amylase and lipase. There was no abnormality on abdominal ultrasound or CT of the abdomen and pelvis. On the fourth day of admission, CT of the abdomen and pelvis showed a hypodense lesion in the pancreas surrounded by a moderate amount of peripancreatic fluid. Diagnoses: In accordance with the revised Atlanta classification, acute pancreatitis was diagnosed, based on the presence of abdominal pain, and the results of the CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis. Interventions: The patient was treated with fasting, gastrointestinal decompression bowel rest, intravenous rehydration, and somatostatin. Outcomes: After 2 days of treatment, his abdominal distension was significantly relieved, and the patient was discharged on the seventh day of admission. At the 3-month follow-up, the patient had no recurrence of pancreatitis. Lessons: This case of abdominal distension could not be explained by common causes, such as ascites, bowel edema, hematoma, bowel distension, or ileus, which led us to suspect pancreatitis.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Objective: We aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google, Web of Science and the Chinese Science Citation Database were searched up to March 2018. Randomized controlled trials determining the efficacy and safety of lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were eligible for inclusion. Two authors independently extracted the data in a prespecified Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and relative risk (RR) together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated, and only the random effects model was used in order to achieve a more conservative estimate of the efficacy and safety. Results: Fourteen multicenter randomized controlled trials involving 11,947 patients were eligible for inclusion. Compared to placebo, lixisenatide could more significantly reduce the level of HbA1c (WMD=-0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.55,-0.33]), and a higher proportion of lixisenatide-treated patients achieved the HbA1c level of

In view of the high reliability and high efficiency of parallel computing system for parallel computing, according to the basic methods and ideas of computer system reliability and fault-tolerant technology, the design of multi thread and multi thread parallel fault-tolerant computer system is proposed and the midway message and isolation in the calculation process are presented. The corresponding model design and technical evaluation work are carried out. The simulation verification shows that the design of multi thread parallel computing fault tolerance model can effectively improve the reliability of the system.

Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic intralesional triamcinolone injection (ITI) for benign esophageal strictures combined with endoscopic dilation (ED). Methods. Online databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched for prospective randomized control trials (RCTs) between 1966 and March 2018. A meta-analysis was conducted according to the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Results. Six RCTs consisting of 176 patients were selected. Meta-analysis results showed that additional ITI had a significant advantage in terms of stricture rate and required ED sessions. Surgery-related and non-surgery-related strictures showed similar results. Additional ITI was not associated with significantly increased risk of complications. Conclusions. Our meta-analysis showed that additional ITI therapy was supposed to be effective and safe for benign esophageal strictures as it reduced the stricture rate and required ED sessions. However, more RCTs are necessary to support these findings.

Background. We performed this meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of probiotics on prevention of infection-related complications following colorectal resection. Method. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science were searched up to January 2016. According to the results, only randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy of probiotics on patients with colorectal resection were included for meta-analysis. Results. Nine studies including a total of 1146 patients met the criteria (556 received multistrain probiotic bacteria, 590 with non-multistrain probiotic bacteria). The combination of multistrain probiotics was beneficial in the reduction of total infections (OR = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.15–0.61, p=0.0009), including surgical site infections (SSI) (OR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.25–0.89, p=0.02) and nonsurgical site infections (NSSI) (OR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.23–0.56, p

Transient thermal grating method is used to measure the thermal diffusivity of absorbing films deposited on transparent substrates. According to periodically modulated dielectric constant variations and thermoelastic deformations of the thin films caused by the transient thermal gratings, an improved optical diffraction theory is presented. In the experiment, the probing laser beam reflectively diffracted by the thermal grating is measured by a photomultiplier at different grating fringe spaces. The thermal diffusivity of the film can be evaluated by fitting the theoretical calculations of diffraction signals to the experimental measured data. The validity of the method is tested by measuring the thermal diffusivities of absorbing ZnO films deposited on glass substrates.

As an advanced optical method, a multi-point pump method is presented for measurements of thermo-physical properties of liquids. Meanwhile, based on the laser-induced thermal grating method, a new theory model is presented and used to analyse the thermal effects caused by the multi-point laser pump, by which the thermal conductivity of liquids can be obtained. The results of some typical liquids, such as water, ethanol and acetone, are presented and are consistent with those of acknowledged values, demonstrating that the multi-point method is simple and useful for characterizing thermal properties of liquids.

A diode pumped passively Q-switched 1123 nm laser is reported in this paper; and a mixed crystal Nd:LuYAG is selected as the gain medium. A large number of excellent properties from Nd:YAG are obtained, and the mixed crystal Nd:LuYAG has been used widely in all-solid-state lasers. Besides, compared with Nd:YAG, the Nd:LuYAG has some other wonderful advantages. For example, both the absorption bands and the fluorescence line are broadened, resulting from the crystal strong inhomogeneity. Their wide absorption makes the Nd:LuYAG lasers' pump source not rigorous in their temperature control. And the broadened fluorescence line can generally improve the laser performance in Q-switched regimes. In this paper, a concave-plane configuration cavity with its length as long as 35 mm is designed to achieve high-efficiency laser output. The rear mirror is a concave mirror with a curvature radius of 300 mm, and the output coupler is a flat mirror with a transmission of 2% at 1123 nm, 5% at 1112 nm, 4% at 1116 nm, and has high transmissions at 1064, 1319 and 1444 nm respectively. A Cr4+:YAG crystal, with its initial transmission of 97%, is used as the saturable absorber. In the continuous wave operation, the maximum average output power can reach 2.77 W, with the corresponding optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 29.53%. In Q-switched operation, the maximum average output power is 0.94 W at 9.38 W absorbed pump power. The repetition rate is 9.40 kHz, with the corresponding single pulse energy being 100 J. The high single-pulse energy explains that the Nd:LuYAG mixed crystal is better than Nd:YAG in high energy storage. Only one wavelength can be observed in our experiment. The center wavelength is 1122.7 nm and the line width is 0.03 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to report the Nd:LuYAG mixed crystal laser emitting at 1123 nm.

GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the third generation of lighting devices, have been rapidly developed in recent years. Substrate materials, serving as the LED manufacturing basis, have great influences on the production and application of LED. The critical characteristics of substrate affecting the design and fabrication of LED are its crystal structure, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, optical transmittance, and electrical conductivity. In this paper, we compare several common substrate materials, namely, sapphire, silicon carbide, silicon, gallium nitride and gallium oxide, review the research progress of the substrate materials in the aspects of high quality epitaxial growths, high performance device designs and preparations of substrates, and comment on their further development.

Many of the stable nuclei at the neutron-deficient side of the beta-stability valley cannot be synthesized in the neutron-capture processes. The origin of the so-called p-nuclei has been a long standing question in the nuclear astrophysics. The rapid-proton capture process (rp-process) proposed in the 1980s was one of the possible mechanisms to be responsible for some light p-nuclei. In this work, a model for rapid-proton capture process (rp-process), within the (p,)-(,p) equilibrium approximation, is established. In the framework of this model, the influence of astrophysical conditions (i.e., proton number density, temperature, and proton irradiation time) on the rp-abundance pattern is investigated. In addition, the recent-measured mass data of neutron-deficient atomic nuclei by using the storage ring mass spectrometry at IMP, Lanzhou, are employed in our calculation. It is found that the abundance at A=41 is increased by two orders of magnitude when using the new by determined mass of 41Ti, while the uncertainty of the computed abundance is reduced by almost two orders of magnitude.

The Er-single-doped and Er/Ce-codoped La3Ga5SiO14 polycrystalline powders are synthesized by the solid-phase synthesis method. The room-temperature luminescence spectra of the samples are investigated. The Near-infrared-region spectroscopic properties of Er3+ ions in the La3Ga5SiO14 systems are analysed with Judd-Ofelt theory and rate equations. The effective deactivating effect of Ce3+ ions on Er3+ ions is confirmed.

The saturable absorption of Yb3+/Na+ codoped CaF2 crystals at 1050nm has been demonstrated by comparative experiments by inserting the novel Yb3+,Na+:CaF2 crystal with different doping concentrations into a Yb:YAG laser in stable continuous wave operation, which is the cause for the crystals working as the gain material to tend to self-Q-switching at 1050nm. The results show that the dominative element is Yb3+ rather than Na+ for saturable absorption action of the crystals. However, the effect of Q-switching by codoping Na+ into the CaF2 crystals can be greatly improved so that the Yb3+,Na+:CaF2 crystals with optimum concentration and doping ratio can be used as a Q-switching element at 1050nm.

High-quality Tm:Y2SiO5 (Tm:YSO) single crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. The lattice parameter and separation coefficient of the crystal were measured. The three polarization axis: 〈010〉, D1 and D2 of this monoclinic single crystal were determined by Laue method. Absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and fluorescent lifetime of this single crystal were measured along the three polarization axes. Its absorption line width and absorption cross section were also calculated. A stronger absorption peak at 790nm and a fluorescence peak with enhanced emission at 2μm were observed along the D1 polarization axis compared with other two axes. Besides, this crystal exhibits bigger absorption cross section and longer fluorescence lifetime along D1 polarization axis. Therefore, Tm:YSO single crystal is suitable for AlGaAs diode-pumped laser and it possesses great potentiality in the application of 2μm solid-state laser.

The travelling properties of laser-generated surface acoustic wave with broad bandwidth, which propagated on a sample with surface defects, have been investigated in theory. The numerical results of theoretical models with different defects indicate that the surface defects worked as low-pass filter for the travelling surface acoustic waves. The cut-off frequency of low-pass filter is linearly related to the depth of the defect, and decreased against the increasing depth of the defect. The amplitude of the travelling surface acoustic wave is seriously attenuated with increasing width of surface defect. The numerical results provide a theoretical basis for quantitative detection of the surface defects.

Basing on measuring the luminescence spectra at room temperature pumped by 975nm light, the action mechanism of Na+ in the novel Yb3+,Na+:CaF2 crystal was systemically investigated. The relation between the concentration of doping Na+ and the laser operation threshold was analyzed. The optimum match concentration for Yb3+,Na+:CaF2 with low laser threshold was obtained. In the experiment, the lowest laser operation threshold at only 70mW of absorbing pumped power for 2%Yb3+, 3%Na+:CaF2 crystal is realized, which is in good agreement with the analysis of luminescence properties.

We report what we believe to be the first demonstration of laser operation with a novel laser material of Yb3+-doped Gd2SiO2(Yb:GSO)pumped by a laser diode at 940 nm. We obtained a low lasing threshold of 1.27 kW/cm2 with the center wavelength of 1090 nm, which is lower than the value of 1.53 kW/cm2 predicted for Yb:YAG. The maximal output power of 360 mW was obtained with a 2% output, which corresponds to a slope efficiency up to 19%.

Yb：Y3Al5O12(Yb:YAG) single crystals with Yb3+ doping level of 5.4at%, 16.3at%, 27.1at%, 53.6at%, and 100at% were grown by the Czochralski method. The effects of different Yb3+ doping level on the absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra were studied. The results showed that the real absorption coefficient of the absorption peaks increases linearly with the increasing of Yb3+ doping level in Yb:YAG crystals. Absorption band oscillator strengths of Yb：YAG crystals were calculated with Smakula formula and the effects of different Yb3+ doping level on the oscillator strengths were also studied. The concentration quenching of fluorescence was observed when the Yb3+ doping level reached 27.1at% in Yb:YAG crystals. The shape of fluorescence spectra of Yb:YAG could be significantly influenced when the Yb3+ doping level is higher than 53.6at%.