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Tricholoma lishanense is described and illustrated from northern China based on both morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from the ITS locus resolved the new species in section Lasciva of Tricholoma. Tricholoma lishanense can be diagnosed by its overall white basidiomata with a fragrant and pleasant odor, very narrow lamellae, different phylogenetic position and habitat under oaks.

Lepiota atrobrunneodisca sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on collections from Shanxi Province in North China. This species is characterized by the pileus with dark brown to black-brown umbonate disc, irregularly shaped squamules on a whitish surface, annulus often adhering to stipe, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, binucleate basidiospores, numerous cheilocystidia, the absence of pleurocystidia, and the hymeniform pileus covering made up of tightly packed subglobose, sphaeropedunculate to clavate terminal elements. The phylogenetic analyses were performed using ITS and four combined loci (ITS-nrLSU-IGS-mtSSU) datasets, which supported that L. atrobrunneodisca formed a distinct clade.

To investigate the impact of aging on the sources, volatility, and viscosity of organic aerosol (OA) in Chinese outflows, a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS) coupled with a thermodenuder (TD) was deployed in the spring of 2018 in Dongying, which is a regional receptor site of metropolitan emissions in the North China Plain (NCP). The average mass concentration of PM1 is 31.5±22.7 µg m−3, which is mainly composed of nitrate (33 %) and OA (25 %). The source apportionment results show that the OA is mainly contributed by oxygenated OA (OOA) from secondary sources, including background-OOA (33 %) representing a background concentration of OA (2.6 µg m−3) in the NCP area, and transported-OOA (33 %) oxidized from urban emissions. The other two factors include aged hydrocarbon-liked OA (aged-HOA, 28 %) from transported vehicle emissions and biomass burning OA (BBOA, 5 %) from local open burning. The volatility of total OA (average C*=3.2×10-4 µg m−3) in this study is generally lower than that reported in previous field studies, which is mainly due to the high OA oxidation level resulting from aging processes during transport. The volatilities of OA factors follow the order of background-OOA (average C*=2.7×10-5 µg m−3)

Querying cohesive subgraphs on temporal graphs with various time constraints has attracted intensive research interests recently. In this paper, we study a novel Temporal k -Core Query (TCQ) problem: given a time interval, find all distinct k -cores that exist within any subintervals from a temporal graph, which generalizes the previous historical k -core query. This problem is challenging because the number of subintervals increases quadratically to the span of time interval. For that, we propose a novel Temporal Core Decomposition (TCD) algorithm that decrementally induces temporal k -cores from the previously induced ones and thus reduces "intra-core" redundant computation significantly. Then, we introduce an intuitive concept named Tightest Time Interval (TTI) for temporal k -core, and design an optimization technique with theoretical guarantee that leverages TTI as a key to predict which subintervals will induce duplicated k -cores and prunes the subintervals completely in advance, thereby eliminating "inter-core" redundant computation. The complexity of optimized TCD (OTCD) algorithm no longer depends on the span of query time interval but only the scale of final results, which means OTCD algorithm is scalable. Moreover, we propose a compact in-memory data structure named Temporal Edge List (TEL) to implement OTCD algorithm efficiently in physical level with bounded memory requirement. TEL organizes temporal edges in a "timeline" and can be updated instantly when new edges arrive in dynamical temporal graphs. We compare OTCD algorithm with the incremental historical k -core query on several real-world temporal graphs, and observe that OTCD algorithm outperforms it by three orders of magnitude, even though OTCD algorithm needs none precomputed index.

The origin of the red fluorescence for leaf-derived CDs was firstly found to be from the molecular fluorophore chlorophyll, not the core state or surface functional groups of the CDs.

With the help of the new generation information technology, the Internet of Vehicle (IoV) networks have become widespread. IoV can improve the automatic driving ability, and provide users with intelligence, comfort, safety, energy saving and efficiency traffic services. However, the IoV networks face serious challenges due to the complex wireless environment. The vehicles cannot obtain the real-time traffic condition and early warning information, which leads to the decrease of link quality and the failure of information transmission. To evaluate the communication quality of IoV networks, the outage probability (OP) is commonly employed as a metric. This paper considers mobile IoV networks, and investigates communication quality prediction. Novel OP expressions are derived, which can analyze the OP performance. Then, to predict OP in real time, an intelligent OP prediction approach with an Elman model is proposed. This is evaluated with data generated using the OP expressions. In terms of computational complexity and prediction accuracy, the results obtained show that the Elman-based approach provides better forecasting effect than other methods. For prediction accuracy, the proposed Elman approach is increased by 84.6%. For computational complexity, the execution time is reduced by 79.9%.

Cobalt phosphides modified by nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (CoP-NCQDs) were successfully constructed by a facile and low-cost hydrothermal treatment, which is expected to replace traditional noble-metal oxygen evolution reaction electrode materials. Detailed experiments and findings show that nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) have a significant impact on the morphology of the CoP catalyst, and nitrogen doping can regulate the surface-active sites to obtain the catalyst with abundant structural defects. Simultaneously, nitrogen doping can regulate the content of pyridinic N and pyrrolic N, which exerts positive effects on the formation of the bond structure and electron conduction between NCQDs and CoP.

Cliques refer to subgraphs in an undirected graph such that vertices in each subgraph are pairwise adjacent. The maximum clique problem, to find the clique with most vertices in a given graph, has been extensively studied. Besides its theoretical value as an NP-hard problem, the maximum clique problem is known to have direct applications in various fields, such as community search in social networks and social media, team formation in expert networks, gene expression and motif discovery in bioinformatics and anomaly detection in complex networks, revealing the structure and function of networks. However, algorithms designed for the maximum clique problem are expensive to deal with real-world networks.

We disclosed herein a straightforward photochemical method for the construction of phenanthridines containing a synthetically useful succinate unit. The reaction occurred under visible-light irradiation with cheap eosin Y Na as photoredox catalyst and a diazo compound as the succinate precursor. Under the optimal reaction conditions, a wide range of phenanthridines were obtained in moderate to good yields. Note that the succinate units in the final heterocycles could be easily transformed into many valuable structures, such as γ-butyrolactone, dihydrofuran-2(3

Chun-Fang Gao,1 Guo-Hai Zhang,1 Zhe-Hao Ye,1 Yu-Yu Xu,2 Zhao Li1 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Shengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, The Shengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Guo-Hai Zhang, Department of Neurosurgery, The Shengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China, Email gcf20230503@sina.comObjective: Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) may be neuroprotective. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of serum STC1 levels in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Methods: This prospective observational study was assigned in two parts. In the first part, blood samples of 48 patients with ICH were acquired on admission and on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after ICH, and those of 48 controls were collected at their entry into the study. In the second part, blood samples of 141 patients with ICH were obtained upon admission. Serum STC1 levels were measured, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), hematoma volume, and poststroke 6-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were recorded. Dynamic changes in serum STC levels and their correlation with disease severity and prognosis were investigated.Results: Serum STC1 levels were elevated after ICH, peaked on day 1, plateaued on day 2, declined gradually afterwards, and were significantly higher than those in controls. Serum STC1 levels were independently correlated with NIHSS scores, hematoma volume, and the 6-month post-injury mRS scores. Serum STC1 levels, NIHSS scores, and hematoma volume independently predicted a poor prognosis (mRS scores of 3– 6). The model integrating serum STC1 levels, NIHSS scores, and hematoma volume was visually displayed using a nomogram and was relatively stable using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and calibration curve analysis. Under the receiver operating characteristic curve, serum STC1 levels efficiently predicted a poor prognosis and showed similar prognostic ability to NIHSS scores and hematoma volume. The preceding model had significantly higher prognostic capability than NIHSS scores and hematoma volume alone and their combination.Conclusion: Substantial enhancement of serum STC1 levels after ICH, which is strongly correlated with severity, independently distinguished the risk of poor prognosis, assuming that serum STC1, as a prognostic parameter, may be clinically valuable in ICH.Keywords: stanniocalcin-1, intracerebral hemorrhage, prognosis, severity, biomarkers

As a β phase transformation promoting element of titanium alloy, the Nb element can induce different phase transformations of the alloy, improving the comprehensive properties of the alloy. However, the research on the effect of Nb content on the properties of TiNb alloy coating during laser cladding is not comprehensive. Herein, TixNb (x = 32.5~62.5 wt.%) alloy coatings were prepared by laser cladding technology, and their mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility were analyzed. The results show that the Nb element promotes the precipitation of different phase components in the phase transformation-induced coating of titanium alloy. The grain refinement during the laser cladding process effectively improves the microhardness of the TiNb alloy coating. At the same time, the wear resistance of the α″ + β dual-phase Ti32.5Nb alloy is enhanced. In addition, with the increase in Nb content, the coating exhibits better corrosion resistance. In vitro cell experiments showed that the TiNb alloy coating had excellent biocompatibility compared to the TC4 substrate. Therefore, the laser-clad TiNb alloy coating has high comprehensive performance and has reference value in the field of biological implantation.

Mist cannon trucks have been widely applied in megacities in China to reduce the road dust, since they are considered to be more water saving and efficient than the traditional sprinkling trucks. However, their effect on the formation of water-soluble organic compounds and the pollution control of fine particles (PM2.5) remains unknown. We characterized the variations of chemical compositions in PM2.5 collected on the road sides during the simulated operations of mist cannon truck and traditional sprinkling truck via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. The mass concentrations of water-soluble organic carbon in PM2.5 showed a significant increase (62 %–70 %) after air spraying. Furthermore, we found that water-soluble organic compounds, particularly organic nitrates, increased significantly via the interactions of reactive gas-phase organics, atmospheric oxidants and aerosol liquid water after air spraying, although the air spraying had a better effect on suppressing road dust than the ground aspersion. Moreover, the formation of PM2.5 on the road segment where the mist cannon truck passed by was promoted, with an increase of up to 13 % in mass concentration after 25–35 min, on average. Thus, the application of mist cannon trucks potentially worsens the road atmospheric environment through the increase in PM2.5 levels and the production of a large number of water-soluble organic compounds in PM2.5. The overall results provide not only valuable insights to the formation processes of water-soluble organic compounds associated with aerosol liquid water in the road environment but also management strategies to regulate the operation of mist cannon trucks in China.

Organosulfates (OSs) are ubiquitous aerosol components with intense research over years. However, spatial and diurnal variations in OS formation in polluted atmosphere remain poorly understood. In this study, 130 OS species were quantified in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected in urban and suburban Shanghai (East China) in summer 2021. Isoprene- and monoterpene-derived OSs were dominant OS groups (averaging 51 % and 19 % of total quantified OSs, respectively), likely indicating a large biogenic contribution to OS formation in summer. Most OSs peaked during daytime, while monoterpene-derived nitrooxy-OSs (NOSm) increased during nighttime. Accordingly, OSs were largely produced via daytime formation processes, rather than nighttime chemistry, excepting NOSm. Additionally, although OS formation in the urban and suburban areas exhibited similar diurnal variations, the average concentrations of biogenic and anthropogenic OSs decreased significantly from the urban site to the suburban site. Furthermore, we concretized daytime OS formation based on the interactions among OSs, ultraviolet (UV), ozone (O3), and sulfate (SO42-). Indeed, the concentrations of most OSs were significantly correlated with the values of UV[O3][SO42-] during daytime in both urban and suburban Shanghai. In particular, the correlation between major OSs and UV[O3][SO42-] was stronger than the correlation of major OSs with O3 and SO42-; moreover, there was no significant correlation between major OSs and UV. Thus, higher urban OS events were attributed to the enhanced photochemical processes and sulfate level in the urban area. Overall, this study provides field evidence for the influence of photochemical process and anthropogenic sulfate on OS formation and has important implications for the mitigation of organic particulate pollution.

As the penetration rate of variable renewable energy such as wind power increases in the power system, the composition and balance of the system also change gradually. The intermittency of renewable energy poses great stability challenges to the traditional centralized generation and load-oriented transmission and distribution methods. Therefore, the Active Distribution Network Operator (ADNO) with distributed installation at the local level has a good application prospect in the new scenario. However, ADNO needs to improve its operational efficiency based on the types of local generation and storage devices and the nature of the market environment. To address this issue, this paper proposes a forecasting method that considers the coupling fluctuations of spot electricity prices and renewable energy, and a bi-level optimization operation method based on the Stackelberg game for optimizing the operation of small-scale ADNO under high wind power penetration rate. Simulation results show that the proposed methods achieve greater positive impact on the operational efficiency of ADNO than conventional methods. In addition, the proposed methods ensure the long-term profitability of ADNO, even with fluctuations in external factors.

Mentha canadensis L. is an important spice crop and medicinal herb with high economic value. The plant is covered with peltate glandular trichomes, which are responsible for the biosynthesis and secretion of volatile oils. Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) belong to a complex multigenic family involved in various plant physiological processes. Here, we cloned and identified a non-specific lipid transfer protein gene (McLTPII.9) from M. canadensis, which may positively regulate peltate glandular trichome density and monoterpene metabolism. McLTPII.9 was expressed in most M. canadensis tissues. The GUS signal driven by the McLTPII.9 promoter in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum was observed in stems, leaves, and roots; it was also expressed in trichomes. McLTPII.9 was associated with the plasma membrane. Overexpression of McLTPII.9 in peppermint (Mentha piperita. L) significantly increased the peltate glandular trichome density and total volatile compound content compared with wild-type peppermint; it also altered the volatile oil composition. In McLTPII.9-overexpressing (OE) peppermint, the expression levels of several monoterpenoid synthase genes and glandular trichome development-related transcription factors—such as limonene synthase (LS), limonene-3-hydroxylase (L3OH), geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS), HD-ZIP3, and MIXTA—exhibited varying degrees of alteration. McLTPII.9 overexpression resulted in both a change in expression of genes for terpenoid biosynthetic pathways which corresponded with an altered terpenoid profile in OE plants. In addition, peltate glandular trichome density was altered in the OE plants as well as the expression of genes for transcription factors that were shown to be involved in trichome development in plants.

Nitrogen is a significant element that constitutes ambient organic aerosol. Individual N-containing organic molecules are known to have both natural and anthropogenic sources and implicated in a wide-ranging health and environmental effects. Yet, unlike carbon (C), the total quantity of aerosol organic nitrogen (ON) remains largely unquantified, hindering a quantitative understanding of their major sources and impacts. Here, for the first time, aerosol ON is quantified in hundreds of aerosol filter samples collected from sites of varying urban influence in China using our recently developed method that permits simple, and yet sensitive, simultaneous detection of inorganic and organic nitrogen. Annual average ON concentration was in the range of 0.4-1.4 μg N m-3, representing 17-31% of aerosol total nitrogen. Monte Carlo simulations constrained by paired ON and organic carbon (OC) measurements suggest N-containing organic molecules contributed typically 37-50%, with a 95% confidence interval of [12%, 94%], to ambient organic aerosols. Source apportionment analysis reveals that biomass burning and secondary formation are dominant ON sources, accounting for 21-24% and ~30% of ON, respectively. Primary biological aerosol is also a significant source of ON (7-18%), with its contribution more prominent in non-urban atmospheres. The revelation of the large presence of nitrogenous molecules in atmospheric aerosols implies their role in carbon chemistry has likely been under-appreciated in the past. This new compositional insight, we anticipate, would bring forth a breakthrough in our ability to describe and model organic aerosols and to rethink the focus of studying and modeling OA.

Tricholoma lishanense L. Fan & J.J. Yang, sp. nov. (Fig. 2) MycoBank:—MB847576 Diagnosis:—differing from the phylogenetically and morphologically closest related species T. album by its abundant clamp connections, very narrow lamellae, pileus margin straight and seldom wavy in old fruit bodies. Etymology:—‘ lishanense ’, refers to the type locality, where the type specimen was collected. Holotype:— CHINA. Shanxi Province, Jincheng City, Qinshui County, Lishan Mt., 1680 m elev., 24 August 2020, on the ground under Quercus sp., N. Mao MNM 059 (BJTC FM1023). Description:— Basidiomata medium-sized, firm, fleshy. Pileus 30–90 mm, surface smooth, hemispherical or bellshaped with slightly inwardly rolled margin at first, then expanding with maturity to almost flat, whitish (#ffffff) to pale yellow (#f4f1e6), often with ochre-yellow (#c9a06f) centre when mature, glabrous, dry and dull, non-striate. Lamellae 1 mm broad, adnate, medium spaced to rather crowded, whitish (#ffffff) to cream (#f7f3e7), often lemon yellow (#ffff88) to pale yellow brown (#ddad79) spotted when bruised; lamellulae attenuate, arranged in 2–3 tiers. Stipe central, stuffed, 30–80 × 5–13 mm, cylindrical, mostly widened at base, more rarely tapering, smooth, whitish (#ffffff) to cream (#f7f3e7), turning pale yellow brown (#ddad79) when bruised. Context white, turning yellow when exposed. Odor faint but fragrant and pleasant. Taste not recorded. Spore print white. Basidiospores [120/7/7] (3.9–)4.6–7.1(–7.6) × (2.6–)2.8–4.4(–4.6) μm, [Q = 1.35–1.92, Q av = 1.6 ± 0.14], ellipsoidoblong, colorless and smooth, with one large guttule and an oblique hilar appendage. Basidia 19–37 × 3.5–6.5 μm, swollen at the apical end and tapered toward the middle or base, mostly 4-spored, occasionally 2-spored, clavate to sub-cylindrical, with sterigmata up to 4.5 μm long. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia absent. Hymenophoral trama parallel, composed of cylindrical hyphae 5.5–10.5 μm broad. Pileipellis a cutis of cylindrical hyphae, hyphae smooth, 3.5–8.5 μm broad, radially arranged to slightly interwoven, colorless in KOH. Stipitipellis composed of parallelarranged hyphae, hyphae filamentous, thin-walled, colorless, 2.5–6.0 μm broad, terminal elements subcylindrical with round apex. Caulocystidia absent. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Habit, habitat and distribution:—Solitary, scattered or gregarious, on the ground in oak forests, known from northern China. Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Shanxi Province, Jincheng City, Qinshui County, Lishan Ms., 35°29’ N, 112°1’ E, 1680 m elev., 24 August 2020, on the ground under Quercus sp., N . Mao MNM059 (BJTC FM1023), N . Mao MNM055 (BJTC FM1020), H . Liu LH 1140 (BJTC FM1000); ibid. 1626 m elev., 24 August 2020, on the ground under Quercus sp., H . Liu LH 1104 (BJTC FM968); ibid. 1675 m elev., 27 August 2020, on the ground under Quercus sp., H. Y Fu FHYM002 (BJTC FM1137); ibid. 1640 m elev., 25 July 2021, on the ground under Quercus sp., N . Mao MNM333 (BJTC FM1735); ibid. 26 July 2021, on the ground under Quercus sp., N . Mao MNM376 (BJTC FM1798)., Published as part of Yang, Jia-Jia, Xu, Yu-Yan, Lv, Jing-Chong & Fan, Li, 2023, Tricholoma lishanense (Tricholomataceae, Agaricales), a new species from China revealed by morphology and phylogenetic analysis, pp. 89-96 in Phytotaxa 598 (1) on pages 92-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.598.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7958837

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are violent ejections of magnetized plasma from the Sun, which can trigger geomagnetic storms, endanger satellite operations and destroy electrical infrastructures on the Earth. After systematically searching Sun-as-a-star spectra observed by the Extreme-ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) from May 2010 to May 2022, we identified eight CMEs associated with flares and filament eruptions by analyzing the blue-wing asymmetry of the O III 52.58 nm line profiles. Combined with images simultaneously taken by the 30.4 nm channel of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard SDO, the full velocity and propagation direction for each of the eight CMEs are derived. We find a strong correlation between geomagnetic indices (Kp and Dst) and the angle between the CME propagation direction and the Sun-Earth line, suggesting that Sun-as-a-star spectroscopic observations at EUV wavelengths can potentially help to improve the prediction accuracy of the geoeffectiveness of CMEs. Moreover, an analysis of synthesized long-exposure Sun-as-a-star spectra implies that it is possible to detect CMEs from other stars through blue-wing asymmetries or blueshifts of spectral lines., Accepted by ApJ

Key to the Lepiota species with a hymeniform pileus covering from China 1. Pileus surface usually smooth, not breaking up into scales.......................................................................................... L. coloratipes 1. Pileus surface covered with scales.....................................................................................................................................................2 2. Basidiospores ellipsoid, oblong-ellipsoid in side-view......................................................................................................................3 2. Basidiospores subtriangular to triangular in side-view with or without lateral knobs in frontal view..............................................6 3. Annulus covered by minute yellowish brown squamules on lower surface................................................... L. sinorecondita ad int. 3. Annulus white, smooth.......................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Basidia> 22 μm long......................................................................................................................................... L. atrobrunneodisca 4. Basidia L. apalochroa 5. Pileus surface covered by grey to greyish brown small scales.................................................................................... L. micropholis 6. Basidiospores with lateral knobs in frontal view..................................................................................... L. cristata var. macrospora 6. Basidiospores not as above.................................................................................................................................................................7 7. Basidiospores> 6 μm long.............................................................................................................................. L. cristata var. cristata 7. Basidiospores L. cristatanea, Published as part of Mao, Ning, Xia, Lu, Xu, Yu-Yan & Fan, Li, 2023, Lepiota atrobrunneodisca (Agaricaceae, Agaricales), a new species with a hymeniform pileus covering from North China, pp. 186-198 in Phytotaxa 595 (2) on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7905882

Key to the Lepiota species with a hymeniform pileus covering from China 1. Pileus surface usually smooth, not breaking up into scales.......................................................................................... L. coloratipes 1. Pileus surface covered with scales.....................................................................................................................................................2 2. Basidiospores ellipsoid, oblong-ellipsoid in side-view......................................................................................................................3 2. Basidiospores subtriangular to triangular in side-view with or without lateral knobs in frontal view..............................................6 3. Annulus covered by minute yellowish brown squamules on lower surface................................................... L. sinorecondita ad int. 3. Annulus white, smooth.......................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Basidia> 22 μm long......................................................................................................................................... L. atrobrunneodisca 4. Basidia 5. Pileus surface covered by brown to yellowish brown small scales.............................................................................. L. apalochroa 5. Pileus surface covered by grey to greyish brown small scales.................................................................................... L. micropholis 6. Basidiospores with lateral knobs in frontal view..................................................................................... L. cristata var. macrospora 6. Basidiospores not as above.................................................................................................................................................................7 7. Basidiospores> 6 μm long.............................................................................................................................. L. cristata var. cristata 7. Basidiospores L. cristatanea

The chr12q24.13 locus encoding OAS1–OAS3 antiviral proteins has been associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility. Here, we report genetic, functional and clinical insights into this locus in relation to COVID-19 severity. In our analysis of patients of European (n = 2,249) and African (n = 835) ancestries with hospitalized versus nonhospitalized COVID-19, the risk of hospitalized disease was associated with a common OAS1 haplotype, which was also associated with reduced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) clearance in a clinical trial with pegIFN-λ1. Bioinformatic analyses and in vitro studies reveal the functional contribution of two associated OAS1 exonic variants comprising the risk haplotype. Derived human-specific alleles rs10774671-A and rs1131454-A decrease OAS1 protein abundance through allele-specific regulation of splicing and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). We conclude that decreased OAS1 expression due to a common haplotype contributes to COVID-19 severity. Our results provide insight into molecular mechanisms through which early treatment with interferons could accelerate SARS-CoV-2 clearance and mitigate against severe COVID-19.

Bipartite graphs have been widely used to model the relationship between entities of different types, where vertices are partitioned into two disjoint sets/sides. Finding dense subgraphs in a bipartite graph is of great significance and encompasses many applications. However, none of the existing dense bipartite subgraph models consider similarity between vertices from the same side, and as a result, the identified results may include vertices that are not similar to each other. In this paper, we formulate the notion of similar-biclique which is a special kind of biclique where all vertices from a designated side are similar to each other, and aim to enumerate all similar-bicliques. The naive approach of first enumerating all maximal bicliques and then extracting all maximal similar-bicliques from them is inefficient, as enumerating maximal bicliques is time consuming. We propose a backtracking algorithm MSBE to directly enumerate maximal similar-bicliques, and power it by vertex reduction and optimization techniques. Furthermore, we design a novel index structure to speed up a time-critical operation of MSBE, as well as to speed up vertex reduction. Efficient index construction algorithms are also developed. Extensive experiments on 17 bipartite graphs as well as case studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our model and algorithms.

Community detection is a fundamental task in graph data mining. Most existing studies in contact networks, collaboration networks, and social networks do not utilize the temporal information associated with edges for community detection. In this paper, we study a problem of finding stable communities in a temporal network, where each edge is associated with a timestamp. Our goal is to identify the communities in a temporal network that are stable over time. To efficiently find the stable communities, we develop a new community detection algorithm based on the density-based graph clustering framework. We also propose several carefully-designed pruning techniques to significantly speed up the proposed algorithm. We conduct extensive experiments on four real-life temporal networks to evaluate our algorithm. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

With the widespread popularity of user-generated short videos, it becomes increasingly challenging for content creators to promote their content to potential viewers. Automatically generating appealing titles and covers for short videos can help grab viewers' attention. Existing studies on video captioning mostly focus on generating factual descriptions of actions, which do not conform to video titles intended for catching viewer attention. Furthermore, research for cover selection based on multimodal information is sparse. These problems motivate the need for tailored methods to specifically support the joint task of short video title generation and cover selection (TG-CS) as well as the demand for creating corresponding datasets to support the studies. In this paper, we first collect and present a real-world dataset named Short Video Title Generation (SVTG) that contains videos with appealing titles and covers. We then propose a Title generation and Cover selection with attention Refinement (TCR) method for TG-CS. The refinement procedure progressively selects high-quality samples and highly relevant frames and text tokens within each sample to refine model training. Extensive experiments show that our TCR method is superior to various existing video captioning methods in generating titles and is able to select better covers for noisy real-world short videos., Accepted by PAKDD23

Background Drought has become a major environmental problem affecting crop production. Members of the WRKY family play important roles in plant development and stress responses. However, their roles in mint have been barely explored. Results In this study, we isolated a drought-inducible gene McWRKY57-like from mint and investigated its function. The gene encodes a group IIc WRKY transcription factor, McWRKY57-like, which is a nuclear protein with a highly conserved WRKY domain and a C2H2 zinc-finger structure, and has transcription factor activity. Its expression levels were examined in different tissues of mint and under the treatment of mannitol, NaCl, abscisic acid, and methyl jasmonate. We found that McWRKY57-like overexpression in Arabidopsis significantly increased drought tolerance. Further studies showed that under drought stress, McWRKY57-like-overexpressing plants had higher chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline contents but lower water loss rate and malondialdehyde content than wild-type plants. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase were enhanced in McWRKY57-like transgenic plants. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the drought-related genes AtRD29A, AtRD29B, AtRD20, AtRAB18, AtCOR15A, AtCOR15B, AtKIN2, and AtDREB1A were upregulated in McWRKY57-like transgenic plants than in wild-type Arabidopsis under simulated drought conditions. Conclusion These data demonstrated that McWRKY57-like conferred drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis by regulating plant growth, osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities, and the expression of stress-related genes. The study indicates that McWRKY57-like plays a positive role in drought response in plants.

Objective: Immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells is characterized by the induction of adaptive and innate immune responses, which in turn activates the immune surveillance and improves the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of ICD on the prognosis and the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: TNBC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Breast Cancer (TCGA-BRCA) dataset were divided into two subtypes (ICD-high and ICD-low) based on the ICD status by using the consensus clustering method, and their genomic landscape and immune landscape were delineated. Furthermore, we established an ICD-related prognostic model to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy and the survival of TNBC. Results: Our study showed that a poor prognosis of TNBC was associated with ICD-high subtype, while a favorable outcome was associated with ICD-low subtype. The immune landscape profiling results revealed that ICD-high subtype presented an immune-hot phenotype, whereas ICD-low subtype was associated with an immune-cold phenotype. Furthermore, our prognostic model predicted that the high-risk score group had a poor overall survival (OS), which was consistent with the actual data in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. We also used tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) to determine the predictive significance of our ICD risk signature in immunotherapy efficacy, and found that ICD high-risk group had the highest response rate to immunotherapy in the immunotherapy response group. Conclusion: Our results reveal a correlation between ICD status and alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment in patients with TNBC. This finding might help guide clinicians in immunotherapy application for TNBC patients.

Background and objective: Age-related hearing loss, also termed presbycusis, is the most prevalent sensory impairment in older adults. Presbycusis research has considerably advanced over the past few decades, however, comprehensive and objective reports on the current state of presbycusis research are lacking. We used bibliometric methods to objectively analyzed the progress of presbycusis research over the past 20 years and to identify the research hotspots and emerging trends in this field. Methods: Eligible literature metadata published between 2002 and 2021 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection on September 1, 2022. Bibliometric tools including CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix R Package, Microsoft Excel 2019, and an online bibliometric platform were used to conduct bibliometric and visualized analyses. Results: A total of 1,693 publications related to presbycusis were retrieved. The number of publications increased continuously from 2002 to 2021, and the USA occupied the lead position in the field, with the highest research output. The most productive and influential institution, author, and journal were the University of California, Frisina DR of the University of South Florida, and Hearing Research, respectively. Co-citation cluster and trend topics analyses revealed that “cochlear synaptopathy”, “oxidative stress”, and “dementia” were the predominant foci of presbycusis research. Burst detection of keywords indicated that “auditory cortex” and “Alzheimer’s disease” were the newly-emerged aspects. Conclusion: During the past two decades, presbycusis research has been flourishing. The current research foci are “cochlear synaptopathy”, “oxidative stress”, and “dementia”. “Auditory cortex” and “Alzheimer’s disease” may be potential future directions in this field. This bibliometric analysis represents the first quantitative overview of presbycusis research, thus providing valuable references and insights for scholars, medical practitioners, and policymakers concerned with this field.

Smoking negatively affects B cell function and immunoglobulin levels, but it is unclear if this immune dysfunction contributes to the risk of severe COVID-19 in smokers. We evaluated binding IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies to spike and receptor binding domain antigens, and used a pseudovirus assay quantify neutralization titers in a set of 27 patients with severe COVID-19. We found no significant differences between binding and neutralization antibody responses for people with a smoking history and people who never smoked. High plasma viral load, but not antibody titers, was linked to an increased risk of death. Humoral immune dysfunction was not a major driver of severe COVID-19 in smokers.

PDF file - 304K, Suppl. Table 1: Validated siRNAs used in the current studies Suppl. Fig. 1 Stress fiber formation in MEFs with or without v-Ras expression. Suppl. Fig. 2 The spontaneous transformation is reproducible using another Adeno-Cre treated MEF line (MEF-B) derived from a different embryo with conditional DLC1 knock-out. Suppl. Fig. 3 The complete sets of Kaplan-Meier Analyses from lung and colon cancers

ObjectivesOur aim was to investigate the interactive causal effects between gut microbiota and host urate metabolism and explore the underlying mechanism using genetic methods.MethodsWe extracted summary statistics from the abundance of 211 microbiota taxa from the MiBioGen (N =18,340), 205 microbiota metabolism pathways from the Dutch Microbiome Project (N =7738), gout from the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (N =1,448,128), urate from CKDGen (N =288,649), and replication datasets from the Global Urate Genetics Consortium (N gout =69,374; N urate =110,347). We used linkage disequilibrium score regression and bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to detect genetic causality between microbiota and gout/urate. Mediation MR and colocalization were performed to investigate potential mediators in the association between microbiota and urate metabolism.ResultsTwo taxa had a common causal effect on both gout and urate, whereas the Victivallaceae family was replicable. Six taxa were commonly affected by both gout and urate, whereas the Ruminococcus gnavus group genus was replicable. Genetic correlation supported significant results in MR. Two microbiota metabolic pathways were commonly affected by gout and urate. Mediation analysis indicated that the Bifidobacteriales order and Bifidobacteriaceae family had protective effects on urate mediated by increasing docosahexaenoic acid. These two bacteria shared a common causal variant rs182549 with both docosahexaenoic acid and urate, which was located within MCM6/LCT locus.ConclusionsGut microbiota and host urate metabolism had a bidirectional causal association, implicating the critical role of host-microbiota crosstalk in hyperuricemic patients. Changes in gut microbiota can not only ameliorate host urate metabolism but also become a foreboding indicator of urate metabolic diseases.